IEEE Catalog Number: ISBN:

CFP09PSC-PRT 978-1-4244-2949-3

2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 2009)

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 7-12 June 2009

Pages 1-836

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AREA 2 EXTENDED ORAL: LARGE-SCALE THIN-FILM PV MANUFACTURING Abound Solar's CdTe Module Manufacturing and Product Introduction ....................................................................... 1

K. L. Barth

Status of Electroplating Based CIGS Technology Development........................................................................................ 7B. M. Basol, M. Pinarbasi, S. Aksu, J. Freitag, P. Gonzalez, T. Johnson, Y. Matus, B. Metin, M. Narasimhan, D. Nayak, G. Norsworthy, D. Soltz, J. Wang, T. Wang, H. Zolla

Multi-Gigawatt Thin Film PV ............................................................................................................................................ 13Ken Zweibel

AREA 4 EXTENDED ORAL: CRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGIES Mass Production of the Innovative PLUTO Solar Cell Technology................................................................................ 19

Z. Shi, S. Wenham, J. Ji

AREA 2 POSTER: WINDOWS, CONTACTS, MISC. Study of SnS:Bi Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization ................................................................................................... 24

M. Botero, P. Bartolo Pérez, C. Calderón, E. Romero, G. Gordillo

Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide and Al-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Confocal RF Magnetron Sputter Deposition ..................................................................................................................................... 29

S. Jay Chey, Wei Liu, Min Yuan, David B. Mitzi

High Throughput Methodology for Evaluation of the Moisture Barrier Performance of Thin Films for PV Applications ............................................................................................................................................................. 34

Marty W. DeGroot, Paul R. Elowe, Jeffrey Wilbur, Joseph George, Rebekah Feist

Advanced Screen Printable Thin Film PV Front Side Silver Conductor Compositions................................................ 40Jay R. Dorfman, David K. Anderson, Vince Arancio

Influence of Chlorine Doping on the Optical & Electrical Properties of CdS Thin Films............................................. 43A. Fateh Mulla, A. S. Al-Shammari, A. M. Elnaggar, W. M. Al-Ayashi, A. M. Al-Dhafiri

Preparation and Characterization of Undoped ZnO TCO Films by Electron-Beam Evaporation and Activated Plasma Deposition Techniques .......................................................................................................................... 48

V. D. Falcão, D. O. Miranda, M. E. L. Sabino, A. S. A. C. Diniz, Y. Xu, J. R. T. Branco

Humidity-Resistant High-Conductivity Amorphous-InZnO Transparent Conductors ............................................... 53Thomas Gennett, Dane T. Gillaspie, Matthew O. Reese, Lin J. Simpson, F. John Pern, John D. Perkins, David S. Ginley

Optimization of Electrical and Optical Properties in Multilayer TCO Thin Film Structures ...................................... 56Joseph George, Robert Haley, Brian Pate, Steve Rozeveld, Mitchell Krafft, Mark T.Bernius, Simon Yeung

Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes: A Case for Photovoltaics............................................................................ 61Paul Glatkowski, Evgeniya Turevskaya, David Britz, David Rich, Matt DiCologero, Timothy Kelliher, John Sennott, David Landis, Robert Braden, Patrick Mack, Joseph Piche

Improvement in Spray Deposition of the Intrinsic ZnO Window Layer for Chalcopyrite Solar Cells ........................ 65S. E. Gledhill, T. P. Niesen, N. A. Allsop, G. Gimpl, M. Krüger, T. Köhler, A. Belaidi, M. C. Lux-Steiner, C.-H. Fischer

Stability of Transparent Conducting Oxide Films Deposited by Sputtering for Solar Cells Applications.......................................................................................................................................................................... 70

Z. A. Wang, H. B. Zhu, D. W. Zhang, J. H. Shi, X. D. Li, W. J. Cheng, Z. Sun, S. M. Huang

Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide ..................................................................................... 74K. Johnson, S. Guruvenket, S. Jha, B. Halverson, C. Olson, R. A. Sailer, K. Pokhodnya, D. L. Schulz

Effect of Weak Diodes on the Performance of CdTe Thin-Film Modules ...................................................................... 79Galymzhan T. Koishiyev, James R. Sites

Optimization of Growth Parameters for Improved Adhesion and Electricity of Molybdenum Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering ............................................................................................................................ 83

Shou-Yi Kuo, Ming-Jer Jeng, Liann-Be Chang, Wei-Ting Lin, Sung-Cheng Hu, Yung-Tien Lu, Ching-Wen Wu

The Effect of ZnO Replacement by ZnMgO on ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells .................................................... 86Jian V. Li, Xiaonan Li, Ana Kanevce, Yanfa Yan, Ingrid Repins

Dependence of Thickness F-Doped SnO2 Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis Technique ................................................ 90Minoru Oshima, Yujin Takemoto, Kenji Yoshino

Investigation of Aluminum Induced Degradation in Sputtered Al:ZnO for CIGS Solar Cells Applications.......................................................................................................................................................................... 93

Jie Pan, Lei Ker, Xiaonan Li

Solution Deposition of Amorphous IZO Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ............................................................... 98Robert Pasquarelli, Maikel van Hest, Alexander Miedaner, Calvin Curtis, John Perkins, Joseph Berry, Ryan O'Hayre, David Ginley

Contact Resistance to Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films........................................................................................................... 101Ishiang Shih, Yi Chen, Jeanne-Louise Shih, Hadley Myers, Clifford Champness, Han-Jen Yang

Development of APCVD Process for High Quality TCO ............................................................................................... 104Joop van Deelen, Ton van Mol, Paul Poodt, Frank Grob, Karel Spee

Inkjet Printed Contacts for Use in Photovoltaics ............................................................................................................ 109Maikel F. A. M. van Hest, Calvin J. Curtis, Alex Miedaner, Robert M. Pasquarelli, John Kreuder, Peter Hersh, David S. Ginley

CdSe/ZnTe Heterojunction Solar Cells Grown on GaSb ............................................................................................... 112S. Wang, D. Ding, R. Scott, J. Chen, M. DiNezza, X. Liu, J. Furdyna, Y.-H. Zhang

Real-Time Optical Thickness Monitor for Thin Film Growth....................................................................................... 115R. M. Zeller, J. D. Walker, K. A. Wieland, A. D. Compaan

AREA 3 POSTER: CONCENTRATOR CELLS, MODULES, AND SYSTEMS-2 Rondine PV Concentrators: Field Results and Progresses............................................................................................. 118

A. Antonini, M. A. Butturi, P. Di Benedetto, D. Uderzo, P. Zurru, E. Milan, A. Parretta, N. Baggio

Characterization of Five CPV Module Technologies with the Helios 3198 Solar Simulator....................................... 123C. Domínguez, S. Askins , I. Antón, G. Sala

Evaluation of Competing Triple Junction Concentrator Cells by Electroluminescence ............................................. 128Geoffrey Duggan, Ian M. Ballard

Design and Simulation of a Secondary Solar Concentrator Constructed with a Circular Micro Prism Array for the Enhancement of the Concentration Ratio ................................................................................................ 133

Wen-Chang Fei, Chia-Hung Huang, Wei-Chi Hsu, Jui-che Tsai

Multiple Junction Cell Characterization Using the LBIC Method: Early Results, Issues, and Pathways to Improvement ................................................................................................................................................ 138

Jason R. Finn, Barry R. Hansen, Jennifer E. Granata

Dual Focus Cassegrainian Module Can Achieve >45% Efficiency................................................................................ 144L. M. Fraas, J. E. Avery, J. E. Strauch, G. Girard

Optical Properties of Materials for Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems ...................................................................... 149R. H. French, J. M. Rodríguez-Parada, M. K. Yang, R. A. Derryberry, M. F. Lemon, M. J. Brown, C. R. Haeger, S. L. Samuels, E. C. Romano, R. E. Richardson

A New Model to Assess the Reliability of CPV Modules in Real Time Outdoor Tests ................................................ 155J. R. González, M. Vázquez, C. Algora, N. Núñez

Numerical Modeling of Loss Mechanisms Resulting From the Distributed Emitter Effect in Concentrator Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................... 160

A. W. Haas, J. R. Wilcox, J. L. Gray, R. J. Schwartz

A Modular Solar Engine with Solar Cell, Heat Pipe, and Heat Sink in an Integrated Package for High Concentrating Photovoltaic .............................................................................................................................................. 166

An-Yu Kuo, Brian Lin, C. C. Huang, Jeffrey Chen, P. K. Chiang, Shown Shao, Rupert Wu, Ian Lin

A Novel Concentrator Design with PV Junctions on the Sides of a Flat Panel............................................................. 170Jiansheng Liu, Jingong Pan, George E. Georgiou, Ken K. Chin, Zheng Zheng, Junge Tan

The Spectral Variation Effects on Energy Yield of Optimized Multi-Junction Solar Cell.......................................... 175Y. N. Qiu, A. W. Clarke, T. R. Betts, R. Gottschalg

Development and Test of a Polyhedral Low-Concentration Mirror (3X) PV Generator ............................................ 181M. Alonso Abella, F. Chenlo, J. Sánchez, C. Rodríguez, J. A. Fernández

Tracker Accuracy: Field Experience, Analysis, and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions ............................ 187B. Stafford, M. Davis, J. Chambers, M. Martínez, D. Sanchez

Lower Cost 3-Sun Mirror Module Designs for Rooftop Sun Tracking Carousels ....................................................... 191Lewis M. Fraas, Leonid Minkin

Outdoor Testing of CPV Modules in INTA-SPASOLAB According to IEC 62108 ..................................................... 196A. Martínez de Olcoz, J. R. González, J. M. Fernández, P. López, J. Polo, T. Gómez

Challenges for IEC62108 Testing ..................................................................................................................................... 202I. Petrina, A. B. Cueli, J. Díaz, J. Moracho, X. Ariztimuño, A. R. Lagunas

Simulating III-V Concentrator Solar Cells: A Comparison of Advantages and Limitations of Lumped Analytical Models; Distributed Analytical Models and Numerical Simulation............................................................ 207

Ignacio Rey-Stolle, Carlos Algora, Iván García, Mathieu Baudrit, Pilar Espinet, Beatriz Galiana, Enrique Barrigón

Application of Capacitance-Based Techniques to the Characterization of Multijunction Solar Cells ....................... 213Carmen M. Ruiz, Ignacio Rey-Stolle, Iván García, Enrique Barrigón, Pilar Espinet, Edgardo Saucedo, Verónica Bermúdez, Carlos Algora

NACIR: A New Project on CPV’s Funded by the European Comission Under 7thFP................................................. 217Gabriel Sala, Dolores Pachón, Jonathan Leloux, Marta Victoria, Andreas W. Bett, Pedro Banda, Andreas Gombert, Vicente Diaz, Miguel Angel Vazquez, Abdelhaquim El Moussaoui, Fuad A. Abulfotuh

Improved Outdoor Measurements for Very High Efficiency Solar Cell Sub-Modules ............................................... 223Xiaoting Wang, Nick Waite, Paola Murcia, Keith Emery, Myles Steiner, Fouad Kiamilev, Keith Goossen, Christiana Honsberg, Allen Barnett

AlGaAs Tunnel Junction for High Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells: Simulation and Measurement of Temperature-Dependent Operation .................................................................................................... 229

Jeffrey F. Wheeldon, Christopher E. Valdivia, Alex Walker, Gitanjali Kolhatkar,Trevor J. Hall, Karin Hinzer, Denis Masson, Simon Fafard, Abdelatif Jaouad, Artur Turala, Richard Arès, Vincent Aimez

A Case Study of System Power Efficiency Loss Mechanisms in a Multijunction, Spectral Splitting, Concentrator Solar Cell System ....................................................................................................................................... 235

J. R. Wilcox, A. W. Haas, J. L. Gray, R. J. Schwartz

Combining Solar Cell and Optical Modeling in Multijunction Systems ....................................................................... 241J. R. Wilcox, A. W. Haas, J. L. Gray, R. J. Schwartz

AREA 4 POSTER: CRYSTALLINE SILICON MANUFACTURING AND MODELING Fast Nano-Scale Texturing Using the Self-Assembly Polymer Mask and Wet Chemical Etching.............................. 247

Ching-Hsi Lin, Chen-Hsun Du, Chung-Wen Lan

A Novel Method to Form Nano-Gridlines on Textured CZ Silicon Wafers.................................................................. 252Li Xu, Peter G. Borden, Michael P. Stewart, Steve Paak

Imaging of Shunts and Junction Breakdown in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells .................................................. 255Nathan J. Call, Steven W. Johnston, Richard K. Ahrenkiel, Manuel J. Romero, Bobby Yang

Simulation of Crystal Growth and Experiment Analysis in Excimer-Laser Crystallization of a-Si Film with Macro-Micro Model .................................................................................................................................................. 261

Long-Sun Chao, Yu-Ru Chen, Chiung-Nan Li

System for High Accuracy Internal Quantum Efficiency Measurement ...................................................................... 268R. Ciocan, Z. Li, A. Feldman, J. Donohue

Using Finite Element Methods and 3D Image Correlation to Model Solar Cell Bowing............................................. 271William H. Coulter, Robin C. Czyzewicz, William E. Farneth, Alistair Prince, Raj G. Rajendran

An Alternate Cell Binning Method and the Resulting Economic Impact ..................................................................... 277Ankur Jhunjhunwala

Contact Resistance Measurement Techniques for Ag Thick-Film Screen-Printed Contacts to Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................... 281

M. Melczarsky, G. Gallego Garcia, N. E. Posthuma, E. Van Kerschaver, G. Beaucarne

Solder Wetting Measurement of Back Contact Paste Using a Wetting Balance .......................................................... 285Jerome Moyer, Weiming Zhang

Light Trapping Designs for Thin Silicon Solar Cells Based on Photonic Crystal and Metallic Diffractive Grating Structures.......................................................................................................................................... 289

James G. Mutitu, Shouyuan Shi, Allen Barnett, Christiana Honsberg, Dennis W. Prather

Industrial PVD Metallization for High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ....................................................... 294Jan Nekarda, Dirk Reinwand, Andreas Grohe, Philip Hartmann, Ralf Preu, Roland Trassl, Stephan Wieder

Yield Enhancement for Solar Cell Manufacturing Using Resonance Ultrasonic Vibrations Inspection.................... 299A. Belyaev, Yu. Emirov, S. Ostapenko, I. Tarasov, V. Verstraten, M. Van Dooren, P. G. Fumei, G. Van Veghel, P. Bentz, A. Van Der Heide

Inline Fast CVD System for Continuous Production of Silicon Ribbons for Solar Cells by the SDS Process ................................................................................................................................................................................ 303

D. Pera, A. Augusto, Alves J. Maia, M. C. Brito, J. M. Serra, A. M. Vallêra

SIMS Analytical Technique for PV Applications............................................................................................................ 307P. Peres, A. Merkulov, F. Desse, M. Schuhmacher

Two Dimensional Numerical Modeling of a Silicon Solar Cell with Deep Contacts in the Emitter............................ 311Kalyan Rapolu, Pritpal Singh, Stephen P. Shea

3D-Modeling of a Back Point Contact Solar Cell Structure with a Selective Emitter ................................................. 317J. Renshaw, M. H. Kang, V. Meemongkolkiat, A. Rohatgi, D. Carlson, M. Bennett

Outdoor Spectral Analysis of Amorphous-Silicon and Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer Modules .............................................................................................................................................................................. 322

Michael Simon, Edson L. Meyer

Characterizing Antireflection Coatings on Textured Mono-Crystalline Silicon with Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ....................................................................................................................................................................... 328

Jianing Sun, Mario F. Saenger, Mathias Schubert, James N. Hilfiker, Ron Synowicki, Craig M. Herzinger, J. A. Woollam

A Modified TPP Test Structure for Determining the Specific Contact Resistance of the Screen-Printed Ag-Metal Contact of the Silicon Solar Cell ........................................................................................................ 333

P. N. Vinod

2D Modeling of Si RCCS with Laser-Fired Contact and Surface Texture ................................................................... 337Y. G. Xiao, Y. Sheng, Y. J. Zhou, M. Lestrade, Z. Q. Li, Z. M. Simon Li

Front Side Metallization of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using Selectively Laser Drilled Contact Openings ............................................................................................................................................................................. 342

Baomin Xu, Karl Littau, James Zesch, David Fork

Front Contact Pastes with Increased Aspect Ratio to Achieve Higher Efficiency on Screen Printed Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 348

Dong Zhang, Jerome Moyer, Weiming Zhang

AREA 5 POSTER: LIGHT TRAPPING, THIN FILM SI MATERIALS AND DEVICES The Physical Limits of Light Trapping in Thin-Films and Photonic Structures that Operate at the Limit ................................................................................................................................................................................... 352

Mukul Agrawal, Peter Peumans

Plasmon-Enhanced Light Absorption in Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells................................................... 356Y. A. Akimov, W. S. Koh

Epitaxial Film Silicon Solar Cells Fabricated by Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Below 750°C ..................... 359Kirstin Alberi, Ina T. Martin, Maxim Shub, Charles W. Teplin, Eugene Iwaniczko, Yueqin Xu, Anna Duda, Paul Stradins, Steve W. Johnston, Manuel J. Romero, Howard M. Branz, David L. Young

Laser-Based Plasma Diagnostics for PECVD of Silicon Thin Films ............................................................................. 362R. Bartlome, B. Strahm, A. Feltrin, C. Ballif

Study on Light Scattering of RF Sputtered ZnO:Al Thin Films as a Front Electrode of Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................ 365

Jun-Sik Cho, Young Jin Kim, Jeong Chul Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Ji Hoon Jang, Jinsoo Song, Kyung Hoon Yoon

The Properties of n-µc-SiO:H Inter-Layers for Thin-Film Silicon Tandem Solar Cells ............................................. 369Jin-Won Chung, Ji Eun Lee, Ji Hoon Jang, Jeong Chul Lee, Jun-Sik Cho, Young Kuk Kim, Junsin Yi, O Ok Park, Jinsoo Song, Kyung Hoon Yoon

Rapid Deposition of Poly-Si Thin Film on Glass Substrates for Solar Application ..................................................... 373Peijun Ding, Guanghua Song, Steve Poppe, Jianming Fu, Zheng Xu, Ben Chung, Lou Yan

Influence of Different RTP Temperature Profiles on Low Temperature Epitaxially Grown PECVD Si Emitters .............................................................................................................................................................................. 377

Hassan G. EL Gohary, Siva Sivoththaman

Amorphous Silicon Germanium Solar Cells Deposited on Stainless Steel at Elevated Pressure ................................ 381Qi Hua Fan, Xianbo Liao, Shibin Zhang, Xianbi Xiang, W. Ingler, N. Adiga, Xinmin Cao, Wenhui Du, Xunming Deng

Performance and Yield Calculations for Large-Area Thin-Film Modules Through Distributed Modeling............................................................................................................................................................................. 386

Michel Frei, Dapeng Wang

Predicted Efficiency of Si Wire Array Solar Cells .......................................................................................................... 391M. D. Kelzenberg, M. C. Putnam, D. B. Turner-Evans, N. S. Lewis, H. A. Atwater

Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling of Thin Silicon Tandem Cell on Foil in Four Terminal Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................................... 397

Andrzej Kolodziej, Pawel Krewniak, Witold Baranowski, Tomasz Kolodziej

Two-dimensional Computer Modeling of Single Junction a-Si:H Solar Cells .............................................................. 403Changwoo Lee, Harry Efstathiadis, James E. Raynolds, Pradeep Haldar

The Role of P-Type Buffer Layers Between ZnO:Al and p a-SiC:H for Improving Fill Factor and VOC of a-Si:H Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................. 408

Ji Eun Lee, Jin-Won Chung, Jeong Chul Lee, Jun Sik Cho, Young Kuk Kim, Junsin Yi, Dong Hwan Kim, Jinsoo Song, Kyung Hoon Yoon

Characterization of Evaporated Solid-Phase Crystallized Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Glass............................ 412Fude Liu, M. J. Romero, K. M. Jones, O. Kunz, J. Wong, R. C. Reedy, A. G. Aberle, M. M. Al-Jassim

Photoabsorption Enhancement in Thin-Silicon Photovoltaics Using Opaline Photonic Crystal Back-Reflectors............................................................................................................................................................................ 417

P. G. O’Brien, A. Chutinan, N. P. Kherani, G. A. Ozin, S. Zukotynski

Improved Performance of Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Surface-Morphology-Controlled Poly-Si Films Crystallized by Flash Lamp Annealing............................................................................................................................ 422

Keisuke Ohdaira, Hiroyuki Takemoto, Kazuhiro Shiba, Takuya Nishikawa, Koichi Koyama, Hideki Matsumura

Roll to Roll Fabrication Process of Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells on Steel Foil ........................................................... 426B. B. Van Aken, M. Dörenkämper, C. Devilee, M. C. R. Heijna, J. Löffler, W. J. Soppe

Modeling of Si-Based Thin Film Triple-Junction Solar Cells ........................................................................................ 431Y. G. Xiao, K. Uehara, M. Lestrade, Z. Q. Li, Z. M. Simon Li

Effect of Light Intensity on Performance of Silicon-Based Thin Film Solar Cells ....................................................... 436Ihsanul Afdi Yunaz, Shunsuke Kasashima, Sorapong Inthisang, Taweewat Krajangsang, Shinsuke Miyajima, Akira Yamada, Makoto Konagai

AREA 8 POSTER: TERRESTRIAL PV SYSTEMS PV Embedded Grid Connected Substation for Enhancement of Energy Security....................................................... 441

N. K. Bhattacharyya, S. R. Bhadra Chaudhuri, D. Mukherjee

Reexamination of the Feasibility of a World-Wide, Photovoltaic Energy Grid ........................................................... 446Henry W. Brandhorst Jr., Christopher Schauerman, Matthew Ganter, Thomas Seager, Ryne Raffaelle

Partially Shaded Operation of a Grid-Tied PV System.................................................................................................. 451Chris Deline

Method for Solder Bonding CPV Receiver to Heat Sink................................................................................................ 457Alan Duckham, Zhaojuan He

Large Scale Evaluation of Photovoltaic Technologies in Different Climates................................................................ 460B. Goss, C. Benfield, R. Gwillim, M. Bliss, M. Strobel, R. Gottschalg

A Comparative LCA Study on Potential of Very-Large Scale PV Systems in Gobi Desert ........................................ 464Masakazu Ito, Keiichi Komoto, Kosuke Kurokawa

Frisian Solar Boat Design. a Multi-Level Innovation Analysis ...................................................................................... 468Peter Joore, Anton Wachter

Particularity of PV Aggregations Incorporating with the Power Grids - Development of a Power Router -............................................................................................................................................................................... 474

Kosuke Kurokawa, Norihiro Kawasaki, Masakazu Ito

Two Year Performance Evaluation of Different Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems ............................................ 480George Makrides, Bastian Zinsser, George E. Georghiou, Markus Schubert, Jürgen H. Werner

Development of Examination Method when Plural Islanding Detection Systems are Interconnected....................... 486Yusuke Miyamoto, Norio Fukuoka, Hiroyuki Sugihara, Takanobu Miyata, Susumu Osaka

Characterization of Indoor Photovoltaic Devices and Light .......................................................................................... 491M. Müller, J. Wienold, W. D. Walker, L. M. Reindl

Performance Comparison of a BIPV Roofing Tile System in Two Mounting Configurations.................................... 497Matthew Muller, Jose Rodriguez, Bill Marion

An Evaluation Method for Smoothing Effect on Photovoltaic Systems Dispersed in a Large Area ........................... 503Takashi Oozeki, Kenji Otani, Takumi Takashima, Yoshihiro Hishikawa, Gentarou Koshimizu, Yoshihisa Uchida, Kazuhiko Ogimoto

Optimizing Design of Household Scale Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic + Combined Heat and Power Systems for Ontario ........................................................................................................................................................... 505

P. Derewonko, Joshua. M. Pearce

Analysis of the Performance of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System.......................................................................... 511S. M. Pietruszko, B. Fetlinski, M. Bialecki

Performance Evaluation of Large Tilt Angle Photovoltaic Systems in Taiwan............................................................ 515Kun-Lung Yen, Chih-Ta Tsai, Ming-Sian R. Bai

AREA 6 EXTENDED ORAL: SPACE PV The Future of Space Photovoltaics ................................................................................................................................... 519

Sheila Bailey, Jeremiah McNatt, Ryne Raffaelle, Seth Hubbard, David Forbes, Les Fritzenmeier, William Maurer

ESA Future Missions: Challenges for Power Generators .............................................................................................. 524Carla Signorini, Stephen Taylor, Antonio Caon, Carsten Baur, Emilio Fernandez, Lothar Gerlach

Technology Opportunities to Enable High Mass Specific Power................................................................................... 530David Wilt, Scott Messenger, Alex Howard

AREA 8 EXTENDED ORAL: TERRESTRIAL PV SYSTEMS Minimizing Utility-Scale PV Power Plant LCOE Through the Use of High Capacity Factor Configurations ................................................................................................................................................................... 537

Matthew Campbell, Julie Blunden, Ed Smeloff, Peter Aschenbrenner

Using CAD Software to Simulate PV Energy Yield: Predicting the Charge Yield of Solar Cells Incorporated Into a PV Powered Consumer Product Under 3D-Irradiation Conditions ........................................... 543

N. H. Reich, W. G. J. H. M. van Sark, A. H. M. E. Reinders, H. de Wit

The European PV System Monitoring Guidelines – Modernisation Under the Performance Project ...................... 549Nicola Pearsall, Bogdan Atanasiu

The 2009 Department of Energy Solar Decathlon and the 2010 European Solar Decathlon—Expanding the Global Reach of Zero Energy Homes Through Collegiate Competitions............................................ 555

Cécile Warner, Sara Farrar-Nagy, Michael Wassmer, Byron Stafford, Richard King, Sergio Vega Sánchez, Edwin Rodríguez Ubiñas, Joara Cronemberger, Javier Serra María-Tomé

AREA 2 ORAL A: CIGS DEPOSITION AND DEVICES Efficiency Enhancement of Flexible CIGS Solar Cells Using Alkali-Silicate Glass Thin Layers as an Alkali Source Material ...................................................................................................................................................... 560

Shogo Ishizuka, Akimasa Yamada, Shigeru Niki

Interfacial Alloying and Defect Formation Inside Operational CIGS Solar Cells ....................................................... 565M. J. Hetzer, L. J. Brillson, D. G. Jensen

In-Situ Post-Deposition Thermal Annealing of Co-Evaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Films Deposited at Low Temperatures ............................................................................................................................................................ 569

James D. Wilson, Brian E. McCandless, Robert W. Birkmire, William N. Shafarman

Aspects for the Optimization of CIGSe Growth at Low Temperatures for Application in Thin Film Solar Cells on Polyimide Foil ............................................................................................................................................ 574

C. A. Kaufmann, R. Caballero, A. Eicke, T. Rissom, T. Eisenbarth, T. Unold, S. Schorr, C. Stephan, R. Klenk, H.-W. Schock

Dielectric Functions and Growth Dynamics of CuIn1-x,GaxSe2 Absorber Layers Via in Situ Real Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ............................................................................................................................................... 580

J. D. Walker, H. Khatri, V. Ranjan, S. Little, R. Zartman, R. W. Collins, S. Marsillac

Spectroscopic Analysis of the Chemical Structure at the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Interface in High-Efficiency Solar Cell Devices ............................................................................................................................................ 583

S. Pookpanratana, I. Repins, M. Bär, R. Félix, M. Blum, L. Weinhardt, W. Yang, J. D. Denlinger, M. A. Contreras, C. Heske

Processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells from Electrodeposited Precursors.................................................................. 587Kevin D. Dobson, Robert W. Birkmire

AREA 4 ORAL A: SURFACE PASSIVATION OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON Industrial Type Passivation on Interdigitated Back Junction Solar Cells .................................................................... 593

J. Robbelein, E. Van Kerschaver, N. E. Posthuma, J. Poortmans

Firing Stability of Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 for c-Si Surface Passivation........................................................... 597G. Dingemans, P. Engelhart, R. Seguin, B. Hoex, M. C. M. van de Sanden, W. M. M. Kessels

Substrate Dependence of Surface Passivation Using Atomic Layer Deposited Dielectrics.......................................... 601Jun Wang, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, Braden Bills, David Galipeau, R. Samadzadeh, S. Sivoththaman

Modification of Textured Silicon Wafer Surface Morphology for Fabrication of Heterojunction Solar Cell with Open Circuit Voltage Over 700 mV ................................................................................................................. 605

L. Fesquet, S. Olibet, J. Damon-Lacoste, S. De Wolf, A. Hessler-Wyser, C. Monachon, C. Ballif

Potentials and Development of Amorphous Silicon Carbide Heterojunction Solar Cells ........................................... 610D. Pysch, J. Ziegler, J.-P. Becker, D. Suwito, S. Janz, S. W. Glunz, M. Hermle

The Influence of Annealing on the Passivation Quality of a-SiCx:H on Crystalline Silicon and Germanium Surfaces......................................................................................................................................................... 616

D. Suwito, J. Fernandéz, S. Janz, F. Dimroth, S. W. Glunz

AREA 6 ORAL A: THE FUTURE OF SPACE PV The 3J-IMM Solar Cell: Pathways for Insertion Into Space Power Systems ............................................................... 621

Arthur B. Cornfeld, Jacqueline Diaz

Lightweight, Low Cost InGaP/GaAs Dual-Junction Solar Cells on 100mm Epitaxial Liftoff (ELO) Wafers................................................................................................................................................................................. 627

Rao Tatavarti, G. Hillier, G. Martin, A. Wibowo, R. Navaratnarajah, F. Tuminello, D. Hertkorn, M. Disabb, C. Youtsey, D. McCallum, N. Pan

Semiconductor-Bonded III-V Multijunction Space Solar Cells ..................................................................................... 630Daniel C. Law, D. M. Bhusari, S. Mesropian, J. C. Boisvert, W. D. Hong, A. Boca, D. C. Larrabee, C. M. Fetzer, R. R. King, N. H. Karam

Formation of Mesoporous Gallium Arsenide for Lift-Off Processes by Electrochemical Etching ............................. 633Enrique Garralaga Rojas, Carsten Hampe, Heiko Plagwitz, Rolf Brendel

Analysis of Radiation Hardness of Rear-Surface Passivated Germanium Photovoltaic Cells .................................... 637Raymond Hoheisel, Jara Fernandez, Frank Dimroth, Andreas W. Bett

Analysis and Modeling of Space Radiation Effects in Quantum Dot Based Nanomaterials for High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Cells............................................................................................................................................. 641

Alexander I. Fedoseyev, Marek Turowski, Ashok Raman, Alexander A. Balandin, Qinghui Shao, Seth Hubbard, Stephen Polly, Edward W. Taylor

Qualification Testing of the ZTJ GaInP2/GaInAs/Ge Solar Cell to the AIAA S-111 Standard .................................. 644B. Cho , J. Davis, L. Hise, A. Korostyshevsky, G. Smith, A. V. Ley, P. Sharps, T. Varghese, M. Stan

AREA 8 ORAL A: OFF-GRID SYSTEMS, STAND-ALONE SYSTEMS, BIPV Solar-Powered, Modular, Emergency/Disaster Response Housing ............................................................................... 650

Henry W. Brandhorst Jr., Julie A. Rodiek

Outdoor Characterization of Luminescent Solar Concentrators and their Possible Architectural Integration on a Historically Relevant Site in Milan (Italy)........................................................................................... 655

Mauro Pravettoni, Fabio Pravettoni, Alessandro Virtuani, Robert P. Kenny, Amanda J. Chatten, Keith W. J. Barnham

Overview of Solar Power Installation Project for Lee County’s TK Davis Justice Center ......................................... 661Henry W. Brandhorst Jr., Steve R. Best, Julie A. Rodiek

The Unitary Ideal in Commercial PV System Product Design ...................................................................................... 666Jonathan Botkin, Matthew Culligan

Plug-And-Play Liquid PV Thermal Panels – Integrated Design for Easy Manufacturing and Installation.......................................................................................................................................................................... 671

Mieke Timmerman, Marco Bakker, Angèle Reinders, Theo van der Meer

Designing PV Powered LED Products – Sensing New Opportunities for Advanced Technologies ........................... 677Angèle Reinders, André de Boer, Arjan de Winter, Marco Haverlag

AREA 2 ORAL B: SUBSTRATES, TCOS, CONTACTS Why Glass Sometimes Breaks .......................................................................................................................................... 683

Christopher Barry

Low Temperature Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (PCVD) of Fluorinated Tin-Oxide Transparent Conducting Oxide........................................................................................................................................ 689

Haripin Chandra, Mark A. George, John Madocks

Comparison of Transparent Back Contacts for CdTe Top Cells in Tandem Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices ................................................................................................................................................................................ 693

Joel N. Duenow, Teresa M. Barnes, Ramesh G. Dhere, Jeremy D. Bergeson, Brian A. Larson, Jeffrey L. Blackburn, Anna Duda, Glenn Teeter, Timothy A. Gessert

Low Temperature Electrodeposition of Zinc Oxide Layers as Transparent Conducting Oxide Window Layers for CIGS Solar Cells .............................................................................................................................. 698

Jean Rousset, Daniel Lincot

Optical Absorption and Electrical Conductivity in Amorphous In-Zn-O: A New TCO for CIGS PV ...................... 704John D. Perkins, T. Gennett, M. F. A. M. van Hest, L. M. Gedvilas, D. S. Ginley

AREA 3 ORAL B: CONCENTRATOR PANELS AND SYSTEMS Comparison of the Different CPV Rating Procedures: Real Measurements in ISFOC.............................................. 707

F. Rubio, M. Martínez, J. Perea, D. Sánchez, P. Banda

Advanced PV Concentrators ............................................................................................................................................ 713P. Zamora, A. Cvetkovic, M. Buljan, M. Hernández, P. Benítez, J. C. Miñano, O. Dross, R. Alvarez, A. Santamaría

High Performance Concentrating Photovoltaic Module Designs for Utility Scale Power Generation ....................... 717Adam Plesniak, Russ Jones, Joel Schwartz, Guy Martins, John Hall, Authi Narayanan, David Whelan, Pablo Benítez, Juan C. Miñano, Aleksandra Cvetkovíc, Maikel Hernandez, Oliver Dross, Roberto Alvarez

An Innovative Design of a Low Cost 120X Concentrating System Based on Proven One Sun Technologies ....................................................................................................................................................................... 723

Humayun Mughal

Development of FLATCON® Modules Using Secondary Optics ................................................................................... 728Joachim Jaus, Gerhard Peharz, Andreas Gombert, Juan Pablo Ferrer Rodriguez, Frank Dimroth, Fabian Eltermann, Oliver Wolf, Michael Passig, Gerald Siefer, Alexander Hakenjos, Sascha v. Riesen, Andreas W. Bett

AREA 8 ORAL B: GRID CONNECTED SYSTEMS 2008 Performance Analysis of a Large Scale Grid Connected Solar System................................................................ 734

Amine Alami, R. Batista

Quantifying the Effects of Averaging and Sampling Rates on PV System and Weather Data ................................... 738Daniel M. Riley, Christopher P. Cameron, Joshua A. Jacob, Jennifer E. Granata, Gary M. Galbraith

Technology Development Needs for Integrated Grid-Connected PV Systems and Electric Energy Storage ................................................................................................................................................................................ 744

Charles Hanley, Georgianne Peek, John Boyes, Geoff Klise, Joshua Stein, Dan Ton, Tien Duong

Effects of Photovoltaics on Distribution System Voltage Regulation ........................................................................... 750Peter McNutt, Josh Hambrick, Mike Keesee

Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Optimization Using Extremum Seeking...................................... 754Steven L. Brunton, Clarence W. Rowley, Sanjeev R. Kulkarni, Charles Clarkson

Demonstrative Research on Clustered PV Systems ........................................................................................................ 758Yusuke Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Sugihara

AREA 1 POSTER: FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: ORGANIC Interfacial Properties of the K-Doped C60: CuPc Heterojunctions................................................................................ 763

Chiu-Ping Cheng, Wen-Yen Chen, Ching-Hsuan Wei, Tun-Wen Pi

Application of the AMPS Computer Program to Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells...................................... 768Joseph Cuiffi, Travis Benanti, Wook Jun Nam, Stephen Fonash

Morphological Studies of Vertically Aligned TiO2 Nanotubes for High Efficiency Solar Cells .................................. 774Mukul K. Dubey, Hongshan He

Optoelectronic Properties of CdSe Nanoparticles and Their Application to Bulk Hetero-Junction Solar Cells........................................................................................................................................................................... 777

Umme Farva, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Chinho Park

Solution-Processed Vanadium Oxide Interlayer for Improving the Performance of Polymer/ZnO Nanorod Hybrid Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................. 779

Jing-Shun Huang, Chung-Hao Wu, Chen-Yu Chou, Meng-Yueh Liu, Wen-Han Lin, Yu-Hung Lin, Ching-Fuh Lin

PBS Quantum Dots Embedded TiO2 Nanofibers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells......................................................... 782Prakash Joshi, Lifeng Zhang, Mahbube Siddiki, Hao Fong, Jing Li, David Galipeau, Qiquan Qiao

Bilayer Organic Solar Cells Based on Imidazolin-5-One Molecules.............................................................................. 786K. A. K. Chidvilas, Pramod Mani, S. Sundar Kumar Iyer, Basanta K. Rajbongshi, R. Gurunath

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Hybrid and Organic Solar Cells ......................................................................... 790Golap Kalita, Hideo Uchida, Koichi Wakita, Masayoshi Umeno

Conductivity Improvement of Epitaxial-Grown Mg-Doped C60 Thin Films ................................................................ 794Nobuaki Kojima, Masato Natori, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Masafumi Yamaguchi

Organic Solar Cells with a Blend of Two Solution Processable Electron Acceptors, C60(CN)2 and PCBM ................................................................................................................................................................................. 798

Vaishali R. Koppolu, Mool C. Gupta, Will Bagienski, Yang Shen, Chunying Shu, Harry W. Gibson, Harry C. Dorn

Transparent and Tandem Solar Cells Using Solution-Processed Metal Nanowire Transparent Electrodes ........................................................................................................................................................................... 804

Jung-Yong Lee, Seung-Bum Rim, Whitney Gaynor, Steve T. Connor, Brian E. Hardin, Han Sun Kim, Yi Cui, Michael D. McGehee, Peter Peumans

Accurate Measurement of Performance of Polymer Solar Cell with Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS ..................... 808Meng-Yueh Liu, Chin-Hsiang Chang, Kao-Hua Tsai, Ding-Shin Wang, Sin-Bo Lin, Po-Yu Chen, Yu-Hong Lin, Wen-Han Lin, Ching-Fuh Lin

Silicon Nanorods / P3HT Hybrid Solar Cells .................................................................................................................. 811Yanhong Ma, Fengzhen Liu, Meifang Zhu, Jinlong Liu, Yi Yang, Yongfang Li, Zhanjun Zhang

Enhanced Performance of Poly-3(Hexylthiophene) – Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Using a Poly-3(Hexylthiophene) Buffer Layer and Ca Electrode .................................... 814

Arun Tej Mallajosyula, S. Sundar Kumar Iyer, Baquer Mazhari

CdS Sensitized Nanostructured TiO2 and ZnO Solar Cells ........................................................................................... 820Jie Pan, Lei L. Kerr, Xuege Wang

Analysis of Carrier Transport in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Temperature Dependent Dark I-V Measurements .................................................................................................................................................................... 826

Mariyappan Shanmugam, Braden Bills, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, David Galipeau

Effect of Room Temperature, Low Power Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Photoelectrode on the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ...................................................................................................................... 829

Mariyappan Shanmugam, Braden Bills, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, David Galipeau

Synthesis and Characterization of Nb Doped Titania for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.................................................. 832M. K. Siddiki, D. Munoz-Rojas, J. Oro, Jing J. Li, Q. Qiao, D. W. Galipeau, M. Lira-Cantu

Bulk-Heterojunction Performance Influenced by Polymer Structure and Silicon Nanocrystals Micrograins Doping........................................................................................................................................................... 837

Vladimir Švrcek, Michio Kondo

Integration of Metal Oxide Nanowires in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells............................................................................ 841A. Vomiero, G. Jimenez, C. Baratto, E. Comini, I. Concina, G. Faglia, M. Falasconi, M. Ferroni, I. Kholmanov, N. Poli, A. Ponzoni, S. Todros, G. Sberveglieri

Efficient Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells through Near Infrared Absorbing Metallated Thiophene Complexes ....................................................................................................................................................... 843

Woo-Jun Yoon, Yagnaseni Ghosh, Brian Alberding, Malcolm H. Chisholm, Paul R. Berger

Energy Transfer Processes in New Conjugated Polymer/6,6-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Systems for Photovoltaic Applications ............................................................................................................................. 846

Zhiling Zhang, Yu Xie, Qiquan Qiao, Michael Ropp, David Galipeau, Xingzhong Yan

AREA 2 POSTER: CIGS MATERIALS, DEVICES, CHARACTERIZATION The Structural Evolution of CGS Thin Film During Three-Stage Deposition Process................................................ 851

Hamda A. Al-Thani, Falah S. Hasoon

Investigation of AgInSe2 Thin Films Grown by Co-Evaporation .................................................................................. 855C. A. Arredondo, J. I. Clavijo, A. J. Aristizabal, G. Gordillo

Optical and Quantum Efficiency Analysis of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Absorber Layers.................................................... 861Jonathan Boyle, Gregory Hanket, William Shafarman

CIGS Solar Cells Grown by a Three-Stage Process with Different Evaporation Rates .............................................. 867A. Chirila, D. Guettler, D. Brémaud, S. Buecheler, R. Verma, S. Seyrling, S. Nishiwaki, S. Haenni, G. Bilger, A. N. Tiwari

Deposition of CuInAlSe2 Films Using Co-Sputtered Precursors and Selenization....................................................... 872Daniel Dwyer, Ingrid Repins, Harry Efstathiadis, Pradeep Haldar

Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Synthesized CuInSe2 Nanoparticles ...................................................... 877Umme Farva, Rangarajan Krishnan, Andrew Payzant, Jun Young Park, Tim Anderson, Chinho Park

Selenization of Copper Indium Gallium Disulfide Nanocrystal Films for Thin Film Solar Cells ............................... 879Qijie Guo, Grayson M. Ford, Hugh W. Hillhouse, Rakesh Agrawal

CIGS Solar Cells with Very Thin Absorber Layers ....................................................................................................... 883Veronika Haug, Aina Quintilla, Erik Ahlswede

Effects of Residual Copper Selenide on CuInGaSe2 Solar Cells .................................................................................... 886Tung-Po Hsieh, Chia-Chih Chuang, Chung-Shin Wu, Jen-Chuan Chang, Jhe-Wei Guo, Wei-Chien Chen

‘Ink-Based’ CIGS Solar Cells on Lightweight Titanium Foil ........................................................................................ 889Vijay Kapur, Ashish Bansal, Zeiad Muntasser, Joel Haber, Ashwin Trivedi, Dan Guevarra, Dariya Draganova

Synthesis and Characterization of CuSe and InSe Nanoparticles for CuInSe2 Based Solar Cell Application ......................................................................................................................................................................... 892

Yu Hee Kim, Jong Hak Lee, Dong-Wook Shin, Huiyu Chen, Seong Man Yu, Ji Beom Yoo

A Study on the Humidity Susceptibility of Thin-Film CIGS Absorber ........................................................................ 894F. J. Pern, B. Egaas, B. To, C.-S. Jiang, Jian V. Li, S. Glynn, C. DeHart

Self Organized Nanostructures of Vapor Phase Grown CuGaS2 Thin Films............................................................... 900P. Prabukanthan, G. Harichandran, R. J. Soukup, N. J. Ianno, C. L. Exstrom, S. A. Darveau, J. Olejnícek

Voc Losses on CIS Photovoltaic Devices: Theoretical Identification and Quantification............................................. 906C. M. Ruiz, V. Bermúdez

Etching of Monocrystalline CuInSe2 Samples ................................................................................................................. 910Jeanne-Louise Shih, Yi Chen, Ishiang Shih

Formation of Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Films by Selenization Using Se Vapour .................................................................... 912Udai P. Singh, Chiu-Yen Chiu, Mu-Jen Young, J. C. Liu, C. W. Lan

Beneficial Effects of Sodium on CuIn1-xGaxS2 Thin Film Solar Cells............................................................................ 915Ashwani Kaul, Parag Vasekar, Neelkanth G. Dhere, Helio Moutinho

Novel CdSe-based PV Structure for High Efficiency CdSe/CIGS Tandem Solar Cells .............................................. 919M. W. Wang

AREA 4 POSTER: CRYSTALLINE SILICON DEVICE FABRICATION Si Solar Microcells for Modules with Reduced Purity Requirements, High Voltage Outputs and Mechanically Stretchable Designs .................................................................................................................................... 924

Alfred J. Baca, Ki Jun Yu, Tyler A. Cain, Dae Hyeong Kim, Jongseung Yoon, Angus A. Rockett, Ralph G. Nuzzo, John A. Rogers

A FTIR, Raman and SEM - EBSD - EDS Microstructure Characterization of Plasma Thermally Sprayed Silicon Sheet for Low Cost Solar Cells Substrate............................................................................................. 928

I. A. S. Carvalho, R. L. Ribeiro, E. Muniz, E. Borba, J. R. T. Branco

Novel Indium-Tin-Oxide Nano-Whiskers for Enhanced Transmission of Surface-Textured Silicon Photovoltaic Cells .............................................................................................................................................................. 934

C .H. Chang, Min-Hsiang Hsu, Peichen Yu, H. C. Kuo, W. L. Chang, W. C. Sun

Selective Emitter Solar Cell Using Two Temperature Steps Furnace Process ............................................................. 938Chen-Hsun Du, Han-Chang Liu, Shih-Peng Hsu

Optimized Emitter Wrap-Through Cells for Monolithic Module Assembly ................................................................ 942Peter Hacke, James Gee, Prabhat Kumar, James Howarth, Victoria Gonzales, Larry Pratt, Claudia Strümpel, Jason Dominguez, Jeff Franklin, Gabe Lopez, Caroline Corwine, Lon Dawson

Thin Silicon Solar Cells Using Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Structure...................................................................... 947Ruiying Hao, C. Paola Murcia, Tim Creazzo, Tom Biegala, Anthony Lochtefeld, Ji-Soo Park, Christiana Honsberg, Allen Barnett

Back Amorphous-Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction (BACH) Photovoltaic Device ................................................... 952Anthony Hertanto, Honggang Liu, Davit Yeghikyan, B. Gangadhar Rayaprol, Nazir P. Kherani, Stefan Zukotynski

CAB-DWTM for 5 µm Trace-Width Deposition of Solar Cell Metallization Top-Contacts ......................................... 956Justin Hoey, Drew Thompson, Matt Robinson, Zakaria Mahmud, Orven F. Swenson, Konstantin Pokhodnya, Iskander S. Akhatov, Douglas L. Schulz

Investigation of Optical Absorption in Thin-Film Si/Ge Solar Cells ............................................................................. 961Fariborz Jahanshah, M. Khizar, D. Modisette, Ron Manginell, Nowshad Amin, K. Sopian, Saleem H. Zaidi

Characterisation and Implications of the Boron Rich Layer Resulting From Open-Tube Liquid Source BBR3 Boron Diffusion Processes.......................................................................................................................... 965

Michael Andreas Kessler, Tobias Ohrdes, Bettina Wolpensinger, Robert Bock, Nils P. Harder

Hot-Melt Inkjet as Masking Technology for Back-Contacted Cells.............................................................................. 971Nicola Mingirulli, Roman Keding, Jan Specht, Arne Fallisch, David Stüwe, Daniel Biro

Progress in Scaling-Up Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: 16% Efficiency Obtained on 125 PS Monocrystalline Silicon ..................................................................................................................................................... 976

D. Munoz, A. S. Ozanne, A. Vandeneynde, F. Souche, C. Denis, T. Desrues, P.-J. Ribeyron

High Performance Thin Chrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Grown on Silicon-On-Insulator........................................... 981C. Paola Murcia, Ruiying Hao, Tom Biegala, Christiana Honsberg, Allen Barnett

ECN n-Type Silicon Solar Cell Technology: An Industrial Process that Yields 18.5%............................................... 985R. C. G. Naber, N. Guillevin, A. R. Burgers, L. J. Geerligs, A. W. Weeber

Microscale C-SI (C)PV Cells for Low-Cost Power ......................................................................................................... 988Gregory N. Nielson, Murat Okandan, Paul Resnick, Jose L. Cruz-Campa, Tammy Pluym, Peggy J. Clews, Elizabeth Steenbergen, Vipin P. Gupta

Antireflection Structure of Silicon Solar Cells Formed by Wet Process Using Catalysis of Single Nano-Sized Gold or Silver Particle............................................................................................................................................. 994

Kensuke Nishioka, Tsuyoshi Sueto, Nobuo Saito

Electroplating of Plasma Doped Back Surface Contact Silicon Solar Cells.................................................................. 997Rajiv Prinja, Scott Wilson, Nowshad Amin, K. Sopian, M. Khizar, Saleem H. Zaidi

Development of Solar Cells on RST-Ribbons ................................................................................................................ 1001J. Robbelein, E. Van Kerschaver, C. Belouet, E. Jolivet, N. E. Posthuma, B. T. Chan, M. Monville, C. Bigot, J. Poortmans

0.4% Absolute Efficiency Gain of Industrial Solar Cells by Laser Doped Selective Emitter .................................... 1005T. Röder, P. Grabitz, S. Eisele, C. Wagner, J. R. Köhler, J. H. Werner

Silicon Nanowire Arrays Based “Black Silicon” Solar Cells........................................................................................ 1008Sanjay K. Srivastava, Dinesh Kumar, P. K. Singh, Vikram Kumar

Enhanced Front and Rear Dielectric Passivation for Commercially Grown Czochralski Silicon for High Efficiency Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................. 1014

A. Upadhyaya, V. Yelundur, S. Ramanathan, J-H. Lai, V. Upadhyaya, A. Rohatgi, I. Koehler

Epitaxial Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells with CVD Grown Emitters Exceeding 16% Efficiency .............................. 1018K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, M. Récaman Payo, I. Kuzma-Filipek, J. Van Hoeymissen, E. Van Kerschaever, J. Poortmans

Development of Silicon Solar Cells for Six-Junction Tandem Stack Cells.................................................................. 1022Ngwe Soe Zin, Andrew Blakers, Vernie Everett

AREA 5 POSTER: NANOCRYSTALLINE AND THIN SI DEPOSITION AND DEVICES Solar Cell Lifetime Evaluation of Using Different Si-Based Precursor Gases, SiH4 and SiF4................................... 1026

Hung-Ming Chen, Akinobu Nasu, Benjamin Jurcik, Henri Chevrel, Techi Wong, Jun-Chin Liu

Protocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells on Transparent Plastic Substrates ...................................................................... 1029Ehsanollah Fathi, Andrei Sazonov

The Effect of Crystallinity of p Window Layers on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Intrinsic µc-Si:H and Superstrate Solar Cells ............................................................................................................... 1033

Ji Hoon Jang, Jeong Chul Lee, Jun-Sik Cho, Seung Yoon Lee, Hyun Min Lee, Hai Woong Park, J. Song, K. H. Yoon

Hetero-interface Modification in Thin Film ZnO/Si Solar Cells ................................................................................. 1037Peter T. Mersich, Tingfang Yen, Wayne A. Anderson

Effect of Pretreatment on PET Films and its Application for Flexible Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells................... 1041Jian Ni, Jianjun Zhang, Junming Xue, Xianbao Wang, Liran Cao, Chunya Wu, Shaozhen Xiong, Xinhua Geng, Ying Zhao

Microstructure and Charge Transport in Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon: Effect of Post Deposition Hydrogen Plasma Treatment....................................................................................................................... 1045

S. Paul, P. Dutta, D. Galipeau, V. Bommisetty

Study of Microstructure and Defects in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Films ............................................ 1049Wenbo Peng, Xiangbo Zeng, Shiyong Liu, Haibo Xiao, Guanglin Kong, Yude Yu, Xianbo Liao

Comparative Study of Low-Temperature PECVD of Amorphous Silicon Using Mono-, Di-, Trisilane and Cyclohexasilane ........................................................................................................................................................ 1054

Konstantin Pokhodnya, Joseph Sandstrom, Chris Olson, Xuliang Dai, Philip R. Boudjouk, Douglas L. Schulz

Relationship of Aluminum Grain Size to the Grain Size of Polycrystalline Silicon Produced by the Aluminum Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon .......................................................................................... 1057

Emilio Stinzianni, Kathleen Dunn, Zhao Zhouying, Manisha Rane-Fondacaro, Harry Efstathiadis, Pradeep Haldar

Remote Linear Radio Frequency PECVD Deposited High Quality a-Si:H(p) Layers and Their Application in Si Heterojunction Structures ................................................................................................................. 1063

Y. Wu, C. Devilee, B. B. Van Aken, K. Boulif, W. J. Soppe, A. W. Weeber, L. J. Geerligs

AREA 9 POSTER: PV RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT AROUND THE WORLD Nanomaterials in PV Manufacture: Some Life Cycle Environmental- and Health-Considerations ........................ 1068

V. Fthenakis, H. C. Kim, S. Gualtero, A. Bourtsalas

The PV Technology Incubator Project .......................................................................................................................... 1074Richard Mitchell, Brian Keyes, Harin Ullal, Bolko von Roedern, Kaitlyn Van Sant, Martha Symko-Davies, Scott Stephens

Increasing PV Velocity by Reinvesting the Nuclear Energy Insurance Subsidy in Large-Scale Photovoltaic Production .................................................................................................................................................. 1077

Joshua M. Pearce

Residential Photovoltaics: An Investment Vehicle for Retiree’s III ............................................................................ 1083Edward J. Simburger, Joseph T. Simburger

AREAS 1 AND 3 POSTER: III-V AND NITRIDE MATERIALS Increased Cell Efficiency in InGaAs Thin Film Solar Cells with Dielectric and Metal Back Reflectors.................. 1087

Koray Aydin, Marina S. Leite, Harry A. Atwater

Numerical Simulations of Novel InGaN Solar Cells ..................................................................................................... 1092G. F. Brown, J. W. Ager III, W. Walukiewicz, J. Wu

Electrodeposited AlSb Compound Semiconductor for Thin Film Solar Cells............................................................ 1097Rabin Dhakal, Joshua Kofford, Brian Logue, Michael Ropp, David Galipeau, Xingzhong Yan

Fabrication and Opto-Electric Properties of Silicon Based Heterojunction SIS Cells............................................... 1100He Bo, Zhong Quan Ma, Xu Jing, Yun Fei, Tang Ying Hui, Zhao Lei, Zhang Nan Sheng, Li Feng, Shen Cheng, Shen Ling, Meng Xia Jie, Zhou Cheng Yue, Yu Zheng Shan, Yin Yan Ting

Infra-Red Transmissive Mirrors for Concentrated Photovoltaics .............................................................................. 1103T. J. Hebrink

InGaN Solar Cell Design by Surface Inversion Caused by Piezoelectric Polarization .............................................. 1109Balakrishnam Jampana, Andrew Melton, Muhammad Jamil, Ian Ferguson, Robert Opila, Christiana Honsberg

Gallium Phosphide Solar Cells for Multi-Juntion Systems .......................................................................................... 1113Xuesong Lu, Susan R. Huang, Robert L. Opila, Allen Barnett

Recrystallization of Ge for III-V Photovoltaic Substrates............................................................................................ 1117Jeremiah McNatt, Ryne Raffaelle, AnnaMaria Pal, David Forbes, William Maurer

High Indium Composition (>20%) InGaN Epilayers on ZnO Substrates for Very High Efficiency Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 1122

Andrew Melton, Balakrishnam Jampana, Nola Li, Muhammad Jamil, Tahir Zaidi, William Fenwick, Robert Opila, Christiana Honsberg, Ian Ferguson

Effect of Indium Composition on GaInNAsSb Solar Cells Grown by Atomic Hydrogen-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy................................................................................................................................................. 1126

Naoya Miyashita, Shuhei Ichikawa, Yoshitaka Okada

1EV GaNxAs1-x-ySBy Material for Lattice-Matched III-V Solar Cell Implementation on GaAs and Ge .................. 1130Tien Khee Ng, Soon Fatt Yoon, Kian Hua Tan, Wan Khai Loke, Satrio Wicaksono, Kim Luong Lew, Kah Pin Chen, Eugene A. Fitzgerald, Arthur J. Pitera, Steve A. Ringel, Andrew M. Carlin, Maria Gonzalez

Single Crystalline-Like Germanium Films on Flexible, Lattice Mismatched Substrates for Photovoltaic Applications................................................................................................................................................ 1135

V. Selvamanickam, S. Sambandam, A. Sundaram, S. Lee, X. Xiong

Hole Mobility of GaAs1-xNx Grown by Chemical Beam Epitaxy ................................................................................. 1140Hidetoshi Suzuki, Taiki Hashiguchi, Nobuaki Kojima, Yoshio Ohshita, Masafumi Yamaguchi

The Improved Photoresponse of the Substrate-Free InGaN Solar Cells with a Bottom Reflector .......................... 1144Chia-Lung Tsai, Guan-Shan Liu, Chien-Yu Wang, Ju-Ping Huang, Jia-Qing Lin

Heteroepitaxial Growth of SiGe on Si by LPE for High Efficiency Solar Cells ......................................................... 1148Yi Wang, Xuesong Lu, Susan R. Huang, Xiaoting Wang, Bobert Opila, Allen Barnett

AREA 3 EXTENDED ORAL: CONCENTRATOR CELLS, MODULES, AND SYSTEMS World’s First Demonstration of a 140kWp Heliostat Concentrator PV (HCPV) System ......................................... 1151

J. B. Lasich, P. J. Verlinden, A. Lewandowski, D. Edwards, H. Kendall, S. Carter, I. Thomas, P. Wakeman, M. Wright, W. Hertaeg, R. Metzke, M. Daly, M. Santin, A. Neumann, A. Wilson, A. Caprihan, M. Stedwell

Optimization of Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells for Field-Deployed Concentrating PV Systems ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1157

Frederick Newman, Dan Aiken, Pravin Patel, Dan Chumney, Ian Aeby, Richard Hoffman, Paul Sharps

Reliability Testing the Die-Attach of CPV Cell Assemblies ......................................................................................... 1163Nick Bosco, Cassi Sweet, Sarah Kurtz

AREA 5 EXTENDED ORAL: THIN SI FILMS, DEVICES AND MANUFACTURING The Hydride Stretching Modes of Hydrogenated Vacancies in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon: A Helpful Tool for Material Characterization................................................................................................. 1169

A. H. M. Smets, T. Matsui, M. Kondo, M. C. M. van de Sanden

Thin-Film Monocrystalline-Silicon Solar Cells on Transparent High-Temperature Glass-Ceramic Substrates ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1173

Ivan Gordon, Sophie Vallon, Alexandre Mayolet, Guy Beaucarne, Jef Poortmans

Uniform Growth of a-Si / µc-Si Tandem Junction Solar Cells Over 5.7m2 Substrates .............................................. 1177Fan Yang, Lin Zhang, Tom Tanaka, Yi Zheng, Francimar Schimitt, Rongping Wang, Alan Tso, Kyle Reinke, Ned Hammond, Manda Pandit, Lipan Li, Lun Tsuei, Zheng Yuan, Brian Shieh

AREA 9: PV MARKET EXPERIENCE Development of Photovoltaics in the Central and Eastern European States .............................................................. 1182

S. M. Pietruszko, K. Blazejewska, D. Malinovska, P. Vitanov, A. Stylianides, P. Klimek, E. Mellikov, M. Palfy, P. Shipkovs, A. Krotkus, P. Mifsud, D. Teodoreanu, Z. Voderadska, F. Nemac

Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems Dissemination in a Rural Thai Village ................................................................. 1186Somchai Hiranvarodom, Boonyang Plank-Klang, Pisan Boonjiam

PV Trends in Japan: New Framework for Introduction of PV System ...................................................................... 1191Izumi Kaizuka, Takashi Ohigashi, Hiroshi Matsukawa, Osamu Ikki

AREA 9: UTILITY PV BUSINESS MODELS AND GRID INTEGRATION Analysis of Renewable Energy Policy Impacts on Optimal Integration of Future Grid-Connected PV Systems ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1196

B. Azzopardi, J. Mutale

Photovoltaic Systems Interconnected onto Secondary Network Distribution Systems.............................................. 1202Michael Coddington, Benjamin Kroposki, Thomas Basso, Kevin Lynn, Mohammad Vaziri

AREA 1 POSTER: FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS: INORGANIC Modeling of Silicon Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Applications .................................................................................. 1206

M. M. Adachi, D. Shiri, K. S. Karim, M. P. Anantram

Thermionic Escape Study in p-i-n InP/InAs53P47 Multi-Quantum Well Solar Cell ................................................... 1211A. Alemu, A. Freundlich

Effect of Barrier Thickness on Strain Balanced InAs/GaAs QD Solar Cells.............................................................. 1214Christopher G. Bailey, Seth M. Hubbard, David V. Forbes, Ryan Aguinaldo, Cory D. Cress, Stephen J. Polly, Ryne P. Raffaelle

Optical Properties of Delta Doped InAs/GaAs0.88Sb0.12 Structure for Novel Concept Solar Cells ............................ 1218K.-Y. Ban, S. N. Dahal, C. B. Honsberg

Analysis of Strain Compensated GaAs-Based InAs QD Solar Cells............................................................................ 1222Cory D. Cress, Seth M. Hubbard, Serguei I. Maximenko, Chris G. Bailey, David V. Forbes, Ryne P. Raffaelle, Mark E. Twigg, Robert J. Walters

Modeling, Synthesis, and Characterization of Thin Film Copper Oxide for Solar Cells........................................... 1228Davis S. Darvish, Harry A. Atwater

The Effect of Te as a Surfactant on OMVPE of InAs Quantum Dots ......................................................................... 1233David V. Forbes, Chris G. Bailey, Stephen Polly, Seth M. Hubbard, William Maurer, Ryne P. Raffaelle

Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of Quantum Dot-Enhanced Solar Cells............................................. 1238J. Gardner, E. Albers, C. G. Bailey, S. Hubbard, R. Raffaelle

Development of Large Area Photovoltaic Dye Cells at 3GSolar.................................................................................. 1244Jonathan Goldstein, Ilya Yakupov, Barry Breen, Sheldon Freedman

Earth Abundant Materials for High Efficiency Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cells............................................. 1247Yun Seog Lee, Mariana Bertoni, Maria K. Chan, Gerbrand Ceder, Tonio Buonassisi

Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method for the Application in Three-Dimensional Junction Photovoltaics .......................................................................................... 1250

Woosuk Jun, Hong Tak Kim, Dongwook Kim, Chinho Park

Array of Si Nanowire/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Core/Shell Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Applications...................................................................................................................................................................... 1253

Sungwon Kim, Hyunju Lee, Kihyung Kim, Yong Jae Cho, Jeunghee Park, Donghwan Kim

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Quantum Confinement Effects in Lead Sulfide Thin Films ............................. 1257Wonyoung Lee, Neil P. Dasgupta, Fritz B. Prinz

Performance of CdSe Tetrapods-Gold as Nanostructure Electrochemical Materials in Photovoltaic Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1260

Tzu-Yu Liu, J. Alexander Eukel, Hitesh Bagaria, Michael S. Wong, Matteo Pasquali, Howard K. Schmidt

Silicon Quantum Dots Thin Films and Superlattice in SiC Matrix by Co-sputtering of Silicon and Carbon .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1266

Ji Hyun Moon, Hyun Jong Kim, Jeong Chul Lee, Jun Sik Cho, Sang Hyun Park, Byungsung O, Eun Chel Cho, Kyung Hoon Yoon, Jinsoo Song

Preparation of TiO2 Thin Film Using Modified Doctor-Blade Method for Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell ........................................................................................................................................................ 1271

Tan-Phat Huynh, Thi-Thao Hoang, Phuoc-Hiep Nguyen, Thanh-Nam Tran, The-Vinh Nguyen

Growth of Semiconductor Nanowires Using Rapidly and Uniformly Generated Metal Growth Centers ............... 1275Gokul Radhakrishnan, Alex Freundlich, Irene Rusakova, Bodo Fuhrmann

Fabrication Schemes for Advanced Solar Cell Architectures Combining Upright Silicon Nanowires and Thin Films ................................................................................................................................................................. 1278

Bahareh Sadeghimakki, Roohollah Samadzadeh Tarighat, Siva Sivoththaman

Silicon Solar Cells with Monolithic Rare-Earth Oxide Upconversion Layer ............................................................. 1284Richard H. Sewell, Andrew Clark, Robin Smith, Scott Semans, Aleta Jamora, Gary Vosters

Nonlinearity Effects in III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells ............................................................................................. 1290M. Z. Shvarts, V. M. Emelyanov, N. K. Timoshina, V. M. Lantratov

In Situ Growth Monitoring of Strain-Balanced Quantum-Well Solar Cells by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy................................................................................................................................................................... 1296

Masakazu Sugiyama, Yunpeng Wang, Momoko Deura, Ryusuke Onitsuka, Yoshiaki Nakano

Mg-IV-V Chalcopyrites in Thin Film Tandem Photovoltaic Cells .............................................................................. 1300M. van Schilfgaarde, N. Newman, T. J. Peshek, T. J. Coutts, T. A. Gessert

Full Spectrum Absorption Through 1eV-Tuning in a p-i (MQW)-n High Efficiency Solar Cell.............................. 1304A. C. Varonides, R. A. Spalletta

III-V Triple Junctions and MQW-Fine Tuning at 1 EV in Synergy for High Efficiency Solar Cells ....................... 1310A. C. Varonides, R. A. Spalletta

Tunneling Through GaAs-Ge Superlattices for High Efficiency Solar Cells.............................................................. 1315A. C. Varonides, R. A. Spalletta

Structural Characterization of Solid Phase Crystallized Si0.5Ge0.5 Films for Photovoltaic Applications ................. 1319Zhenyu Wan, Dengyuan Song, Gavin Conibeer, Martin A. Green

Evaluation of Selective Energy Contact for Hot Carrier Solar Cells Based on III-V Semiconductors .................... 1322Shuhei Yagi, Ryuji Oshima, Yoshitaka Okada

AREA 2 POSTER: CDTE, CIGS, MISC. Investigation of Different Buffer Layers, Front and Back Contacts for CdS/CdTe PV From Numerical Analysis............................................................................................................................................................................. 1326

M. A. Matin, Nowshad Amin, Kamaruzzaman Sopian

Control of VOC in CdSe Solar Cells ................................................................................................................................ 1330S. Chanda, R. Anders, C. S. Ferekides, D. L. Morel

Through-The-Glass Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of CdTe Solar Cells......................................................................... 1336Jie Chen, Jian Li, Courtney Thornberry, Michelle N. Sestak, R. W. Collins, J. D. Walker, S. Marsillac, A. R. Aquino, A. Rockett

Investigation of Effects of Processing and Impurities on the Properties of CdTe Using Microscopic Two-Dimensional Photoluminescence Imaging Technique .......................................................................................... 1342

Ramesh Dhere, Brian Fluegel, Angelo Mascarenhas, Joel Duenow, Tim Gessert

Development of Back Contacts for CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells Deposited on Flexible Foil Substrates.................. 1347D. Hodges, V. Palekis, D. Shen, K. Singh, S. Bhandaru, E. K. Stefanakos, D. L. Morel, C. S. Ferekides

Electron Reflector Strategy for CdTe Solar Cells ......................................................................................................... 1352Kuo-Jui Hsiao, James R. Sites

Indium Shortage Implications for the PV and LCD Market: Technology and Market Considerations for Maintaining Growth.................................................................................................................................................. 1357

Izak Kapilevich, Andy Skumanich

Characterization of CuInS2 Thin Films Prepared by One-Step DC Reactive Sputtering ......................................... 1363Yanqing Lai, Yi Li, Fangyang Liu, Zhi’an Zhang, Li Jie, Yexiang Liu

Nucleation and Early Stage Growth of CdTe Thin Films Deposited by Close Space Sublimation ........................... 1367J. D. Major, K. Durose

Photovoltaic Modules Processing of CdS/CdTe by CSVT in 40 cm2 ........................................................................... 1372Rogelio Mendoza-Pérez, Jorge R. Aguilar-Hernández, Jorge Sastré-Hernández, Miguel Tufiño-Velázquez, O. Vigil-Galán, Gerardo S. Contreras-Puente, A. Morales Acevedo, A. Escamilla-Esquivel, Benito Ortega-Nájera, X. Mathew, Jean-Marc Zisa

Transient Response of CdS/CdTe Cells with Heavy Doping of Si, P and Cu ............................................................. 1378Amruta Nawarange, Xiangxin Liu, Alvin D. Compaan

ZnGeAs2 Thin Films Properties: A Potentially Useful Semiconductor for Photovoltaic Applications..................... 1381T. J. Peshek, Z. Tang, L. Zhang, R. K. Singh, B. To, T. A. Gessert, T. J. Coutts, N. Newman, M. van Schilfgaarde

Development of Multijunction Thin Film Solar Cells................................................................................................... 1384S. Seyrling, S. Bücheler, A. Chirila, J. Perrenoud, S. Wenger, T. Nakada, M. Grätzel, A. N. Tiwari

SIMS Study of Na in CIGS and Impurities in CdTe/CdS ............................................................................................ 1388Larry Wang, Alice Wang, R. S. Hockett

Double Band Structure of ZnSe/CdSe/ZnSe Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices .............................................. 1393Kenji Yoshino, Minoru Yoneta, Masakazu Ohishi, Hiroshi Saito

Photovoltaics of Ordered CdTe/CdS Nanoarrays......................................................................................................... 1396David Zubia, Luis Romo, Jose Cruz-Campa, Brandon Aguirre, John McClure

AREA 4 POSTER: CRYSTALLINE SILICON DEVICES AND PASSIVATION Recombination Velocity of SiNx:H/Silicon Interfaces and the Relationship of Insulator Charge............................ 1400

R. K. Ahrenkiel, A. Feldman, M. George, H. Chandra

Amorphous-Crystalline Silicon Interface Prepared Using DC Saddle-Field PECVD ............................................... 1406Barzin Bahardoust, Alongkarn Chutinan,Thomas Blaine, Adel B. Gougam, Keith Leong, Davit Yeghikyan, Tome Kosteski, Nazir P. Kherani, Stefan Zukotynski

All-Side SiNx Passivated mc-Si Solar Cells Evaluated with Respect to Parasitic Shunting ...................................... 1412I. Cesar, E. Bende, G. Galbiati, L. Janßen, A. Weeber, J. H. Bultman

High Open Circuit Voltages on < 50 Micron Silicon Substrates by Amorphous-Silicon (a-Si) and Quinhydrone-Methanol (QHY-ME) Passivation .......................................................................................................... 1418

Bhumika Chhabra, Christiana B. Honsberg, Robert L. Opila

Influence of Firing Ambience on Fire-Through Silver Contact Metallization for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 1422

Sung-Bin Cho, Kyoung-Kook Hong, Bo-Mook Chung, Joo-Youl Huh

Heterojunction Emitter for Rear Junction N-Type Solar Cells ................................................................................... 1426Chun Gong, Ivan Gordon, Barry O’Sullivan, Niels E. Posthuma, Yu Qiu, Emmanuel Van Kerschaver, Jef Poortmans

The Influence of Silicon Nitride Layer Parameters on the Implied Voc of CZ Silicon Wafers After Annealing.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1430

Z. Hameiri, L. Mai, N. Borojevic, S. Javid, B. Tjahjono, S. Wang, A. Sproul, S. Wenham

GaP Films Grown on Si by Liquid Phase Epitaxy ........................................................................................................ 1436Susan R. Huang, Xuesong Lu, Allen Barnett, Robert L. Opila

Advanced Phosphorous Emitters for High Efficiency Si Solar Cells........................................................................... 1439T. Janssens, N. E. Posthuma, E. Van Kerschaver, K. Baert, P. Choulat, J. L. Everaert, J. Goosens, W. Vandervorst, J. Poortmans

Effect of Texture Morphology on the Surface Passivation and a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells....................... 1444Dae Young Jeong, Chan Seok Kim, Jun Yong Song, Jeong Chul Lee, Jun Sik Cho, Sang Hyun Park, Jin-Suk Wang, Kyung Hoon Yoon, Jinsoo Song

Introduction of Negative Charges in Nitride for PV Applications .............................................................................. 1448H. Jin, K. J. Weber, B. B. Paudyal, C. Zhang

Silane-free PECVD Silicon Carbon Nitride (SiCxNy) Passivation and Anti-Reflection Coatings for High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells ................................................................................................................................. 1453

M. H. Kang, A. Ebong, B. Rounsaville, A. Rohatgi, J. Hong

Design and Fabrication of Transparent Silicon Solar Cells for High Efficiency ........................................................ 1456Christopher Kerestes, Timothy Creazzo, Allen Barnett

Electric Field Induced Surface Passivation of Si by Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 Studied by Optical Second-Harmonic Generation ........................................................................................................................................ 1460

W. M. M. Kessels, J. J. H. Gielis, B. Hoex, N. M. Terlinden, G. Dingemans, V. Verlaan, M. C. M. van de Sanden

Improved SiNx:H Passivation for Industrial Emitter-Wrap-Through Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1465

Prabhat Kumar, Peter Hacke, James Gee

Hydrogen Interaction with Electrically Active Centers in Silicon ............................................................................... 1471L. S. Løvlie, E. V. Monakhov, B. G. Svensson

Control and Optimization of Thermal Oxidation Processes for Industrial Solar Cell Fabrication.......................... 1476Sebastian Mack, Anke Lemke, Andreas Wolf, Benedikt Holzinger, Martin Zimmer, Daniel Biro, Ralf Preu

Feasibility of Improving Front Metallization Lines for Photovoltaic Devices ............................................................ 1481Anh Nguyen, Andrew Fioramonti, Denis Morrissey, Harry Efstathiadis, Zhao Zhouying, Pradeep Haldar

Temperature Dependent Electron and Hole Capture Cross Sections of Iron-Contaminated Boron-Doped Silicon ................................................................................................................................................................... 1485

B. B. Paudyal, K. R. McIntosh, D. H. Macdonald

Low Temperature Front Surface Passivation of Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1491

Brent Shu, Ujjwal Das, Omkar Jani, Steven Hegedus, Robert Birkmire

Defect Clusters in Multicrystalline Silicon: Their Nature and Influence on the Solar Cell Performance................ 1496B. Sopori, V. Budhraja, P. Rupnowski, S. Johnston, N. Call, H. Moutinho, M. Al-Jassim

Evaluating BP Solar’s Mono2 TM Material: Lifetime and Cell Electrical Data........................................................... 1502Nathan Stoddard, Rubin Sidhu, Joe Creager, Soham Dey, Bonnie Kinsey, Lisa Maisano, Calista Phillips, Roger Clark, James Zahler

Efficient Black Silicon Solar Cells with Nanoporous Anti-Reflection Made in a Single-Step Liquid Etch ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1508

Hao-Chih Yuan, Vernon E. Yost, Matthew R. Page, Lorenzo Roybal, Bobby To, Paul Stradins, Daniel L. Meier, Howard M. Branz

The Effect of Exposure of Si-SiO2 Structure to Atomic H by PECVD Reactor ......................................................... 1513C. Zhang, K. J. Weber, H. Jin, N. S. Zin

Investigation of Lifetime Degradation of RIE-Processed Silicon Samples for Solar Cells ........................................ 1518Ngwe Soe Zin, Andrew Blakers, Klaus Weber, Chun Zhang

AREA 6 POSTER: SPACE TECHNOLOGIES Test Results for a High-Voltage Multi-Junction-Cell Concentrator Array Direct-Driving An Electric Thruster............................................................................................................................................................................ 1523

Henry W. Brandhorst Jr., Steve R. Best, Julie A. Rodiek, Mark J. O'Neill, Michael F. Piszczor

Accomplishments and Objectives of the Stretched Lens Array Technology Experiment (SLATE)......................... 1527Henry W. Brandhorst Jr., Steve R. Best, Julie A. Rodiek, Michael S. Crumpler, Mark J. O’Neill, Harlan Lewis, Pat McDermott

Non-Linear Behaviors of Dark Current Slope in p+n GaAs Solar Cells Following Proton Irradiations ................ 1532Xiao Jie Chen, Hugh J. Barnaby, Jeffery H. Warner, Scott R. Messenger, Robert J. Walters, Steven A. Ringel, Jeongho Park

Design & Fabrication of the Lockheed Martin Solar Cell Demonstration Experiment for the ISS Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment II............................................................................................................. 1538

S. Gasner, M. Tresemer, S. Billets, D. Bhatt, P. Wallis

Theoretical Investigation on Optimum Bandgap Energies of Ge-Based III-V Triple-Junction Solar Cells for Long-Term Energy Production on Mars....................................................................................................... 1541

R. Hoheisel, S. P. Philipps, F. Dimroth, A. W. Bett

Optical Characterization of CV10-2568 RTF Effluent ................................................................................................. 1545N. J. Ianno, J. Pu

Radiation Resistance of InGaP/GaAs Dual-Junction Thin-Film Space Solar Cell .................................................... 1549Mitsuru Imaizumi, Takeshi Ohshima, Tatsuya Takamoto

Spectral Response of a Monolithic Triple Junction Space Solar Cell at Low and High Temperatures ................... 1553G. Jüngst, A. M. Gras, J. M. Aguilar, C. Baur

Electrical Field Dependence of Emission Rate of Deep Levels in InAsxP1-x/InP Multiquantum Well Solar Cell Structure ......................................................................................................................................................... 1557

A. Khan, A. Freundlich, J. Gou, S. Alsharif, A. Gapud, M. Imaizumi, M. Yamaguchi

Photovoltaic Performance in the Venus Environment ................................................................................................. 1560Geoffrey A. Landis, Thomas Vo

Trade Studies of a Photovoltaic Power System for a Solar Probe ............................................................................... 1565Geoffrey A. Landis, Robert E. Jacobs, David A. Scheiman

Advances in Flexible and Ultra Lightweight Monolithically Integrated a-Si:H Based Triple-Junction PV Modules Made Using Roll-To-Roll Deposition........................................................................................................ 1569

F. Liu, J. Owens, G. Pietka, K. Beernink, A. Banerjee, J. Yang, S. Guha

MARS Science Laboratory (MSL) Cruise Solar Array................................................................................................ 1573Nick Mardesich, Paul Stella

Degradation of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin-film Solar Cell due to Electrostatic Discharge .................................................. 1577Teppei Okumura, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Shirou Kawakita, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Mengu Cho

Thin Film III-V Solar Cells on Mo Foil ......................................................................................................................... 1581Stephen J. Polly, Chelsea R. Plourde, Christopher G. Bailey, Chris Leitz, Chris Vineis, Mike P. Brindak, David V. Forbes, Jeremiah S. McNatt, Seth M. Hubbard, Ryne P. Raffaelle

High Efficiency Solar Cells Based on AlInGaP ............................................................................................................. 1585R. Campesato, M. Casale, G. Gori, G. Gabetta, R. Colletto, S. Taylor

Anomalous Photoconductivity Variations of Solar Cell Quality a-Si:H Thin Films Induced by Proton Irradiation ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1591

Shin-ichiro Sato, Hitoshi Sai, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Kazunori Shimazaki, Michio Kondo, Takeshi Ohshima

Thermal Balance Testing for Advanced, Lightweight Solar Array Designs............................................................... 1596David A. Scheiman, Michael F. Piszczor, Thomas W. Kerslake, David B. Snyder

Triple Junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge Solar Cell Optimization: The Design Parameters for a 36.2% Efficient Space Cell Using Silvaco ATLAS Modeling & Simulation ........................................................................... 1602

Michael H. Tsutagawa, Sherif Michael

Phosphate Coverglasses and Hybrid Adhesives – Protective Materials for Short-Wavelength-Cut-On Photovoltaics .................................................................................................................................................................... 1606

R. H. Woodman, L. González, J. B. Belcher, C. M. Ferreira, D. Yuhas, C. Click, D. Haines, J. Du

New Findings of the German Joint Project “Flexible CIGSe Thin Film Solar Cells for Space Flight” .................. 1609Kai Zajac, Sebastian Brunner, Christian A. Kaufmann, Raquel Caballero, Andreas Rahm, Christian Scheit, Hendrik Zachmmann, Friedrich Kessler, Marco Wagner

AREA 7 POSTER: MODULES AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS Microcontroller Based Smart Charge Controller for Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems................... 1615

Nowshad Amin, Lam Zi Yi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian

The Effect of Temperature on the Efficiency of Concentrator PV Modules with MJ SC ......................................... 1619E. S. Aronova, M. Z. Shvarts, A. A. Soluyano

Grid Interfacing of a Photovoltaic System Using a Chain Cell Converter.................................................................. 1625G. P. Raghavendra Yasasvi, A. Kiran Kumar, J. Nagaraju

Photovoltaic Reliability Model Development and Validation ...................................................................................... 1630V. A. Kuznetsova, R. S. Gaston, S. J. Bury, S. R. Strand

Recovery Behavior in Amorphous Silicon Solar Module at Low Temperature ......................................................... 1635Hsin-Hsin Hsieh, Jung-Sheng Cheng

Determination of Moisture Ingress Through Various Encapsulants in Glass/Glass Laminates ............................... 1638Jane Kapur, Kristof Proost, C. Anthony Smith

Commanding Inverters to Establish Coordinated µGrid Functionality at Sandia National Laboratories ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1643

Scott S. Kuszmaul, Sigifredo Gonzalez, Abraham Ellis, Emanuel Serban

An Optical Comparison of Silicone and EVA Encapsulants for Conventional Silicon PV Modules: a Ray-Tracing Study .......................................................................................................................................................... 1649

Keith R. McIntosh, James N. Cotsell, Jeff S. Cumpston, Ann W. Norris, Nick E. Powell, Barry M. Ketola

Electrical Mismatch Within Single Junction Amorphous Silicon and Micromorph Tandem Thin Film PV Modules ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1655

Y. N. Qiu, T. R. Betts, R. Gottschalg

Modeling and Hardware Implementation of VMPPT for a PV Panel with a Reference Cell ................................... 1661Casey Roshau, Subbaraya Yuvarajan, Doug Schulz

Solar Simulators – Beyond Class A ................................................................................................................................ 1665H. B. Serreze, H. M. Sobhie, S. J. Hogan

Comparison Results of Measured and Simulated Performance of PV Module .......................................................... 1671Jung-Hun So, Byung-Gyu Yu, Hye-Mi Hwang, Jin-Su Yoo, Gwon-Jong Yu

The Effect of Metal Foil Tape Degradation on the Long-Term Reliability of PV Modules ...................................... 1675N. Robert Sorensen, Michael A. Quintana, Joseph D. Puskar, Samuel J. Lucero

Outdoor Evaluation of Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon Technologies ................................................................. 1681T. S. Surendra, C. S. Rao, G. Tulasi Ram Das

Photovoltaic Manufacturing Standards – the Path to Yield-Up/Cost-Down .............................................................. 1686Bettina Weiss, Win Baylies, Marty Burkhart, Don Cook

A Non-Solvent Extraction Method for Measuring Gel Content of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ...................................... 1690Zhiyong Xia, Daniel W. Cunningham, John H. Wohlgemuth

A Lifetime Prediction of PV Encapsulant and Backsheet Via Time Temperature Superposition Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1693

Zhiyong Xia, John H. Wohlgemuth, Daniel W. Cunningham

Support Vector Regression Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV Grid-Connected System.................... 1697Byunggyu Yu, Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil, Junghun So, Gwonjong Yu

Outlier Identification in Outdoor Measurement Data – Effects of Different Strategies on the Performance Descriptors of Photovoltaic Modules....................................................................................................... 1703

Jiang Zhu, Yingning Qiu, Thomas R. Betts, Ralph Gottschalg

AREA 4 ORAL B: SILICON FEEDSTOCK AND WAFERING Experimental Results for Phosphorous Reduction in a Process to Upgrade Metallurgical Silicon to Solar Grade Silicon.......................................................................................................................................................... 1709

Julio A. Bragagnolo, John R. Mott

Beam-Induced Wafering Technology for Kerf-Free Thin PV Manufacturing........................................................... 1715Francois Henley, Sien Kang, Zuqin Liu, Lu Tian , Jusong Wang, Yi-Lei Chow

Determination of the Distribution of Process Induced Strain in Silicon by Confocal Raman Microscopy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1721

T. B. Vander Wood, T. Dieing, U. Schmidt

Doping Engineering as a Method to Increase the Performance of Purified Mg Silicon During Ingot Crystallisation .................................................................................................................................................................. 1724

J. Kraiem, R. Einhaus, H. Lauvray

AREA 5 ORAL B: THIN SI MANUFACTURING ON GLASS AND FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES Scale-Up and Manufacturing Expansion of Low-Cost Amorphous Silicon Solar Panels at EPV SOLAR ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1728

Sijin Han, Kai W. Jansen, Mike Brazil, Richard Steiger, Scott French, Vince Iafelice, Anthony Varvar, Paul Fabiano, Dennis Stucky, Eric Malocsay, Alex Stavrides, Alan E. Delahoy

Advances in Cell and Module Efficiency of a-Si:H Based Triple-Junction Solar Cells Made Using Roll-To-Roll Deposition................................................................................................................................................... 1734

A. Banerjee, G. DeMaggio, K. Lord, B. Yan, F. Liu, X. Xu, K. Beernink, G. Pietka, C. Worrel, B. Dotter, J. Yang, S. Guha

Depth Selective Laser Scribing for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates........................................ 1738J. Löffler, L. A. Wipliez, M. A. de Keijzer, J. Bosman, W. J. Soppe

Designing Amorphous Silicon Based Solar Cell Structure on Plastic ......................................................................... 1743J. K. Rath, M. Brinza, R. E. I. Schropp

High Efficiency Large Area Multi-Junction Solar Cells Incorporating a-SiGe:H and nc-Si:H Using MVHF Technology .......................................................................................................................................................... 1747

X. Xu, T. Su, D. Beglau, S. Ehlert, G. Pietka, D. Bobela, Y. Li, K. Lord, G. Yue, J. Zhang, B. Yan, C. Worrel, K. Beernink, G. DeMaggio, A. Banerjee, J. Yang, S. Guha

AREA 6 ORAL B: SPACE ENVIRONMENT AND FLIGHT PROGRAMS Designing for ESD Survivability of a Monolithically Protected GaInP2/GaInAs/Ge Solar Cell ............................... 1753

M. Stan, B. Cho, V. Ley, P. Sharps, T. Varghese

On Space Plasma Ground Test Methodologies and Related Solar Array Design Considerations ............................ 1759Justin J. Likar, Alexander L. Bogorad, Barry G. Noakes, Roman Herschitz

Flight of the Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed (PSSC Testbed) Space Experiment .................................................... 1765Edward J. Simburger, Simon H. Liu, David Hinkley, Daniel Rumsey, James Swenson

Managing PV Power on Mars – MER Rovers............................................................................................................... 1768Paul M. Stella, Keith Chin, Eric Wood, Jennifer Herman, Richard Ewell

TACSAT-4 Solar Cell Experiment: Advanced Solar Cell Technologies in a High Radiation Environment .................................................................................................................................................................... 1774

Phillip Jenkins, Michael Krasowski, Norman Prokop, Robert Walters, Dan Spina, Michael Eskenazi, Robert Skalitzky, Timothy Duffey, Brian Davis, Stephen Koss, Scott Messenger, Eric Downard, Kevin Crist, Mark O’Neill, Bruce Fu, Doug Bentz

Early Mission Power Assessment of the Dawn Solar Array......................................................................................... 1778Paul M. Stella, Salvatore DiStefano, Marc D. Rayman, Antonio Ulloa-Severino

AREA 2 ORAL A: CDTE DEPOSITION AND DEVICES Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Studies of Thin Film CdTe and CdS: From Dielectric Functions to Solar Cell Structures ................................................................................................................................................................. 1783

Jian Li, Jie Chen, Michelle N. Sestak, Courtney Thornberry, R. W. Collins

The Direct Correlation of CdTe Solar Cell Stability with Mobile Ion Charge Generation During Accelerated Lifetime Testing .......................................................................................................................................... 1789

D. S. Albin, R. G. Dhere, S. C. Glynn, W. K. Metzger

CdTe Cell Stability vs. CdS Thickness........................................................................................................................... 1795N. R. Paudel, V. V. Plotnikov, C. McClellan, K. A. Wieland, X. Liu, A. D. Compaan

Effect of Microstructure on the Performance of Stressed Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic (PV) Devices .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1798

W. S. Sampath, Sandeep Kohli, R. A. Enzenroth, K. L. Barth, V. Manivannan, W. P. Smith, Pavel Kobyakov, S. Sathiraju, Patrick R. McCurdy

Design of Quaternary Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Absorbers Through Cation Mutation......................................... 1803Aron Walsh, Su-Huai Wei, Shiyou Chen, X. G. Gong

10% Efficiency Solar Cells with 0.5 µm of CdTe .......................................................................................................... 1807V. V. Plotnikov, Do Hyoung Kwon, K. A. Wieland, A. D. Compaan

Flexible CdTe Solar Cells with High Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency.................................................................. 1811J. Perrenoud, S. Buecheler, A. N. Tiwari

AREA 3 ORAL A: CONCENTRATOR CELLS AND TESTING Accelerated Stress Testing of Hydrocarbon-Based Encapsulants for Medium-Concentration CPV Applications...................................................................................................................................................................... 1816

M. D. Kempe, M. Kilkenny, T. J. Moricone, J. Z. Zhang

Progress in High-Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cells .............................................................................. 1822R. K. Jones, P. Hebert, P. Pien, R. R. King, D. Bhusari, R. Brandt, O. Al-Taher, C. Fetzer, J. Ermer

III-V Multijunction Solar Cells for Ultra-High Concentration Photovoltaics............................................................ 1828Carlos Algora, Ignacio Rey-Stolle, Iván García, Beatriz Galiana, Mathieu Baudrit, Pilar Espinet, Enrique Barrigón, José Ramón González

Electroplating as an Economical Means to Lower Series Resistance in GaAs Concentrator Solar Cells ................ 1833Mike Harris, Seth M. Hubbard, Mike Kassis, Stephen Polly, Christopher G. Bailey, Paul Jarosz

Characterization of Quantum Dot Enhanced Solar Cells for Concentrator Photovoltaics ....................................... 1838Seth M. Hubbard, Christopher G. Bailey, Ryne Aguinaldo, Stephen Polly, David V. Forbes, Ryne P. Raffaelle

Prismatic Covers for Boosting the Efficiency of High-Concentration PV Systems ................................................... 1844Andreea Boca, Kenneth M. Edmondson, Richard R. King

Concentrator Photovoltaic Reliability Testing at Extreme Concentrations Up to 2000 Suns ................................... 1850Theodore van Kessel, Ayman Abduljabar, Hussam Khonkar, Naim Moumen, Robert Sandstrom, Yaseen Al-Saaedi, Yves Martin, Supratik Guha

Spectral Efficiency Scaling of Performance Ratio for Multijunction Cells ................................................................ 1854Mark McDonald

AREA 4 ORAL A: CRYSTALLINE SILICON CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING Applications of Imaging Techniques for Solar Cell Characterization ........................................................................ 1860

Steven W. Johnston, Nathan J. Call, Bill Phan, Richard K. Ahrenkiel

Physical Mechanisms of Breakdown in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells .............................................................. 1866O. Breitenstein, J. Bauer, J.-M. Wagner, H. Blumtritt, A. Lotnyk, M. Kasemann, W. Kwapil, W. Warta

Modelling the Effects of Distributed Series Resistance on Suns-VOC, m-VOC and Jsc-Suns Curves of Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 1872

O. Kunz, S. Varlamov, A. G. Aberle

Lifetimes in Aluminum-Doped Silicon ........................................................................................................................... 1878Jan Schmidt, Nils Thiemann, Robert Bock, Rolf Brendel

Optimization of Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation...................................................................................................................................................... 1882

Meijun Lu, Ujjwal Das, Stuart Bowden, Steven Hegedus, Robert Birkmire

Influence of Wafer Quality on Cell Performance.......................................................................................................... 1888L. Carnel, P. C. Hjemås, T. Lu, J. Nyhus, K. Helland, Ø. Gjerstad

AREA 5 ORAL A: LIGHT TRAPPING AND OPTICAL ENHANCEMENT Improved Light-Trapping Effect in a-Si:H / µC-Si:H Tandem Solar Cells by Using High Haze SnO2:F Thin Films ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1891

Mika Kambe, Takuya Matsui, Hitoshi Sai, Naoki Taneda, Kunio Masumo, Akira Takahashi, Toru Ikeda, Takuji Oyama, Michio Kondo, Kazuo Sato

Highly-Transparent ZnO:Ga Through Rapid Thermal Annealing for Low-Bandgap Solar Cell Application ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1895

Haijun Jia, Takuya Matsui, Michio Kondo

Solution-Processed Spherical Surface Textures on Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells .................................................. 1899Y. Wang, R. Tummala, L. Q. Guo, W. Zhou, M. Tao

Surface Plasmon Enhancement of Optical Absorption of Thin Film a-Si:H Solar Cells........................................... 1903R. Biswas, D. Zhou, B. Curtin, N. Chakravarty, V. Dalal

Comparison of Al/ZnO and Ag/ZnO Interfaces of Back-Reflectors for Thin Film Si:H Photovoltaics ................... 1907Lila Raj Dahal, Deepak Sainju, Jian Li, N. J. Podraza, Michelle N. Sestak, Robert W. Collins

Improvement of a-Si:H and nc-Si:H Multi-Junction Solar Cells by Optimization of Textured Back Reflectors.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1913

Guozhen Yue, Baojie Yan, Laura Sivec, Jessica M. Owens, Sherry Hu, Xixiang Xu, Jeffrey Yang, Subhendu Guha

White Back Reflector on Sputtered Zinc Oxide Back Contact for Micromorph Silicon Thin-Film Solar Modules .................................................................................................................................................................. 1919

A. Hedler, J. Eberhardt, C. Wachtendorf, S. Correia, R. Gutlapalli, D. Messerschmidt, C. Koitzsch

Impacts of n-Type Interface on the Performances of a-Si Based Solar Cells.............................................................. 1924Shibin Zhang, Xianbo Liao, Qihua Fan, Xianbi Xiang, Nirupama Adiga, William B. Ingler, Wenhui Du, Tri Bach, Xinmin Cao, Xunming Deng

AREA 1 EXTENDED ORAL: FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES Understanding the Physics of Carrier-Multiplication and Intermediate-Band Solar Cells Based on Nanostructures – What Is Going On?............................................................................................................................ 1928

Alex Zunger, Alberto Franceschetti, Jun-Wei Luo, Voicu Popescu

Metamorphic GaInP/GaInAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells with > 41 % Efficiency ............................................. 1933F. Dimroth, W. Guter, J. Schöne, E. Welser, M. Steiner, E. Oliva, A. Wekkeli, G. Siefer, S. P. Philipps, A. W. Bett

AREA 7 EXTENDED ORAL: MODULE MANUFACTURING, RELIABILITY, AND PERFORMANCE Reaching Grid Parity Using BP Solar Crystalline Silicon Technology ...................................................................... 1938

John H. Wohlgemuth, Roger F. Clark, Jean P. Posbic, James M. Zahler, Mark Gleaton, David E. Carlson, Daniel W. Cunningham

Long-Term Performance and Reliability Assessment of 8 PV Arrays at Sandia National Laboratories................. 1944J. E. Granata, W. E. Boyson, J. A. Kratochvil, M. A. Quintana

Understanding kWh/kWp by Comparing Measured Data with Modelling Predictions and Performance Claims ........................................................................................................................................................ 1950

Steve Ransome

AREA 2 ORAL A: NOVEL THIN-FILM MATERIALS AND APPROACHES A Review of the Challenges Facing Kesterite Based Thin Film Solar Cells................................................................ 1956

Phillip J. Dale, Katja Hoenes, Jonathan Scragg, Susanne Siebentritt

Characterization and Device Performance of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 Absorber Layers.................................................... 1962Gregory M. Hanket, Jonathan H. Boyle, William N. Shafarman

Non-Uniformities of Opto-Electronic Properties in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films and Their Influence on Cell Performance Studied with Confocal Photoluminescence ..................................................................................... 1968

Levent Gütay, Gottfried H. Bauer

Migration and Oxidation of Sulfur at the Back Contact in CdTe Cells ...................................................................... 1972Xiangxin Liu, Naba Raj Paudel, Alvin D. Compaan, Kai Sun, Lothar Weinhardt, Marcus Bär, Sujitra Pookpanratana, Clemens Heske, Oliver Fuchs, Wanli Yang, Jonathan D. Denlinger

Chemical and Electrical Properties of ZnTe Based Solar Cells ................................................................................... 1976F. Fang, B. E. McCandless, R. L. Opila

AREA 4 ORAL A: CRYSTALLINE SILICON METALLIZATION AND CONTACTS All-Screen-Printed 120-µM-Thin Large-Area Silicon Solar Cells Applying Dielectric Rear Passivation and Laser-Fired Contacts Reaching 18% Efficiency .................................................................................................... 1982

Luca Gautero, Marc Hofmann, Jochen Rentsch, Anke Lemke, Sebastian Mack, Johannes Seiffe, Jan Nekarda, Daniel Biro, Andreas Wolf, Bernd Bitnar, Jean-Michel Sallese, Ralf Preu

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterisation of Al Back Contact Layers and Its Application to Thermomechanical Mulitscale Modeling of Solar Cells ............................................................................................... 1988

V. A. Popovich, T. van Amstel, I. J. Bennett, M. Janssen, I. M. Richardson

Formation of a Back Contact by Fire-Through Process of Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells ................................ 1994Bhushan Sopori, Vishal Mehta, Debraj Guhabiswas, Robert Reedy, Helio Moutinho, Bobby To, Aziz Shaikh, A. Rangappan

Characterizing Aerosol Jet® Multi-Nozzle Process Parameters for Non-Contact Front Side Metallization of Silicon Solar Cells................................................................................................................................. 2000

Bruce H. King, Michael J. O’Reilly, Stephen M. Barnes

Fine Line Printed and Plated Contacts on High Ohmic Emitters Enabling 20% Cell Efficiency............................. 2005M. Hörteis, D. Grote, S. Binder, A. Filipovic, D. Schmidt, S. W. Glunz

AREAS 1 AND 3 ORAL A: III-V AND NITRIDE MATERIALS Toward Metamorphic Multijunction GaAsP/Si Photovoltaics Grown on Optimized GaP/Si Virtual Substrates Using Anion-Graded GaAsyP1-y Buffers...................................................................................................... 2011

T. J. Grassman, M. R. Brenner, A. M. Carlin, S. Rajagopalan, R. Unocic, R. Dehoff, M. Mills, H. Fraser, S. A. Ringel

Real-Time Study of Strain Relaxation in Lattice-Mismatched InGaAs/GaAs by X-Ray Diffraction....................... 2017Takuo Sasaki, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Akihisa Sai, Jong-Han Lee, Masamitu Takahasi, Seiji Fujikawa, Koji Arafune, Itaru Kamiya, Yoshio Ohshita, Masafumi Yamaguchi

Lifetime and Performance of InGaAsP and InGaAs Absorbers for Low Bandgap Tandem Solar Cells................. 2021B. E. Sagol, N. Szabó, H. Döscher, U. Seidel, C. Höhn, K. Schwarzburg, T. Hannappel

InGaN Solar Cell Design by Surface Inversion Caused by Piezoelectric Polarization .............................................. 2025Balakrishnam Jampana, Andrew Melton, Muhammad Jamil, Ian Ferguson, Robert Opila, Christiana Honsberg

Optical and Thermal Properties of In.12Ga.88N/GaN Solar Cells ................................................................................. 2029Carl J. Neufeld, Samantha C. Cruz, Nikholas G. Toledo, Michael Iza, Steven P. DenBaars, Umesh K. Mishra

Development and Optimization of a 1 eV (GaIn)(NAs) Solar Cell .............................................................................. 2032K. Volz, A. Szesney, C. Jurecka, I. Nemeth, O. Rubel, W. Stolz

Development of Ultra-Thin One-Side Contacted GaAs Solar Cells for Mechanically Stacked Multi-Junction Solar Cells ......................................................................................................................................................... 2037

Lu Zhao, Giovanni Flamand, Yves Mols, Johan van der Heide, Jozef Poortmans

AREA 1 ORAL B: ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES AND MODULES Multi-junction Polymer Solar Cells................................................................................................................................ 2041

Annick Anctil, Brian J. Landi, Ryne P. Raffaelle

Reduction of Minority Carrier Recombination at Silicon Surfaces and Contacts Using Organic Heterojunctions................................................................................................................................................................ 2046

Sushobhan Avasthi, Grigory Vertelov, Jeffrey Schwartz, James C. Sturm

Scaling-Up of Glass Based DSC-Modules for Applications in Building Integrated Photovoltaics............................ 2051Severin Beucker, Andreas Hinsch, Henning Brandt, Welmoed Veurman, Katrine Flarup Jensen, Claus Lang-Koetz, Matthias Stabe

High Efficiency of Flexible Polymer Solar Cell Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Fullerene.................................... 2056Kao-Hua Tsai, Jing-Shun Huang, Meng-Yueh Liu, Ding-shin Wang, Sin-Bo Lin, Po-Yu Chen, Yu-Hong Lin, Wen-Han Lin, Ching-Fuh Lin

Molecular Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells: Photocarrier Behavior and Nanostructures..................................... 2059Jiangeng Xue, Ying Zheng, Jason D. Myers, Robel Bekele, Jiaomin Ouyang

Efficient Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Fullerene Derivative Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices Using Unique Self-Assembled Layer of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Particle-to-Particle Spacing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2065

Woo-Jun Yoon, Kyung-Young Jung, Jiwen Liu, Thirumalai Duraisamy, Rao Revur, Fernando L. Teixeira, Suvankar Sengupta, Paul R. Berger

AREA 4 ORAL B: ADVANCED CRYSTALLINE SILICON PROCESSES The ALU+ Concept: n-Type Silicon Solar Cells with Surface-Passivated Screen-Printed Aluminum-Alloyed Rear Emitter ...................................................................................................................................................... 2069

Robert Bock, Jan Schmidt, Susanne Mau, Bram Hoex, Erwin Kessels, Rolf Brendel

Thermal Oxidation as a Key Technology for High Efficiency Screen Printed Industrial Silicon Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2075

Daniel Biro, Sebastian Mack, Andreas Wolf, Anke Lemke, Udo Belledin, Denis Erath, Benedikt Holzinger, Edgar Allan Wotke, Marc Hofmann, Luca Gautero, Sebastian Nold, Jochen Rentsch, Ralf Preu

The SiNTO Process: Utilizing a SiNx Anti-Reflection Layer for Emitter Masking During Thermal Oxidation .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2081

Andreas Wolf, Alexandra Walczak, Sebastian Mack, Edgar A. Wotke, Anke Lemke, Christoph Bertram, Udo Belledin, Daniel Biro, Ralf Preu

Fabrication of 20 % Efficient Cells Using Spin-on Based Simultaneous Diffusion and Dielectric Anneal............................................................................................................................................................................... 2087

Saptharishi Ramanathan, Vichai Meemongkolkiat, Arnab Das, Ajeet Rohatgi, Ingo Koehler

Silicon Ink High Efficiency Solar Cells .......................................................................................................................... 2091Homer Antoniadis

AREA 5 ORAL B: NANOCRYSTALLINE AND THIN FILM SI MATERIALS AND DEVICES Device Physics of Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells................................................................................................... 2096

Vikram Dalal, Atul Madhavan, S. Saripalli, Nayan Chakravarty, Max Noack

Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on ZnO:Al-Coated Glass Substrates .................................................. 2101S. Gall, C. Becker, K. Y. Lee, B. Rau, F. Ruske, B. Rech

Carrier Depletion and Grain Misorientations on Individual Grain Boundaries of Polycrystalline Si Thin Films ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2106

C.-S. Jiang, H. R. Moutinho, F. Liu, M. J. Romero, M. M. Al-Jassim

N-Type Thin-Film Polycrystalline-Silicon Solar Cells Using a Seed Layer Approach .............................................. 2112Yu Qiu, Özge Tüzün, Ivan Gordon, Srisaran Venkatachalam, Abdelilah Slaoui, Guy Beaucarne, Jef Poortmans

Photovoltaic-Quality Silicon Epitaxy by Hot-Wire CVD at Glass Compatible Temperatures ................................. 2117Charles W. Teplin, Ina T. Martin, Kirstin Alberi, David L. Young, Maxim Shub, Howard M. Branz, Kim M. Jones, Manuel J. Romero, Paul Stradins

Directional Emission in Strain-Balanced Quantum Well Solar Cells.......................................................................... 2120J. G. J. Adams, J. S. Roberts, G. Hill, N. J. Ekins-Daukes, K. W. J. Barnham

Third Generation Photovoltaics: Assessment of Progress over the Last Decade ....................................................... 2125Martin A. Green

Absorption-Related Efficiency Limits of Quantum-Confined p-i-n Intermediate Band Solar Cells ........................ 2129Alex Freundlich, Andenet Alemu, Andrea Feltrin

AREA 1 ORAL A: III-V NANOSTRUCTURES AND THIRD GENERATION CONCEPTS Demonstration of Quantum Solar Cell Concepts in InGaP Barrier Structures ......................................................... 2133

Roger E. Welser, Mark Chaplin, Van Un

Energy Transfer Between Quantum Dots of Different Sizes for Quantum Dot Solar Cells ...................................... 2137Timothy P. Holme, Cheng Chieh Chao, Fritz B. Prinz

InAs/Sb:GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells Grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition............................ 2142Denis Guimard, Damien Bordel, Ryo Morihara, Yuki Wakayama, Katsuaki Tanabe, Masao Nishioka, Yasuhiko Arakawa

Passivation of InAs Quantum Dots for Novel Photovoltaics ........................................................................................ 2147Stephen Bremner, Nikolai Faleev, Latha Nataraj, Sylvain Cloutier, Som Dahal, Christiana Honsberg

IBPOWER: Intermediate Band Materials and Solar Cells for Photovoltaics with High Efficiency and Reduced Cost ................................................................................................................................................................... 2153

A. Martí, E. Antolín, P. Linares, E. Cánovas, D. Marrón, C. Tablero, M. Mendes, A. Mellor, I. Tobías, M. Levy, E. Hernández, A. Luque, C. Farmer, C. Stanley, R. Campion, J. Hall, S. Novikov, C. Foxon, R. Scheer, B. Marsen, H. Schock, M. Picault, C. Chaix

AREA 2 ORAL A: ALTERNATIVE INDUSTRIAL AND GROWTH STRATEGY Measured Minority-Carrier Lifetime and CIGS Device Performance ....................................................................... 2159

Ingrid L. Repins, Wyatt K. Metzger, Craig L. Perkins, Jian V. Li, Miguel A. Contreras

Degradation Kinetics of CIGS Solar Cells..................................................................................................................... 2165Dennis J. Coyle, Holly A. Blaydes, James E. Pickett, Rebecca S. Northey, James O. Gardner

Investigation of Laser Scribing Techniques to Improve Thin Film Solar Cell Manufacturability and Performance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2170

Andrew Webb, Mike Osborne

All-Sputtered CdS/CdTe Solar Cells on Polyimide....................................................................................................... 2176A. C. Vasko, X. Liu, A. D. Compaan

Layer Transfer of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film to Alternative Substrate and Application to Solar Cells ..................... 2180T. Minemoto, T. Anegawa, S. Osada, H. Takakura

Investigations of Sodium in Bridgman-Grown CuInSe2............................................................................................... 2184C. H. Champness, H. F. Myers, I. Shih

AREA 1 ORAL B: NEW MATERIALS AND NOVEL CONCEPTS FOR ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS Enhanced Efficiency of TiO2 Photoanodes Modified with WO3-X Nanomaterials in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 2189

Hsuan-Ching Lin, Huei-Siou Chen, Cherng-Yuh Su, Chaochin Su

Mixed Metal Oxide Systems for Organic Photovoltaics ............................................................................................... 2193Joseph J. Berry, Matthew S. White, N. Edwin Widjonako, Brian A Bailey, Ajaya K. Sigdel, Christopher W. Gorrie, Nikos Kopidakis, David S. Ginley, Dana C. Olson

Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Phase Dependent Study.............................................................................................................................................................. 2197

Huei-Siou Chen, Yi-Wen Hsu, Tsai-Yin Yang, Chaochin Su, Wen-Ren Li

Oligothiophenes Incorporating Metal-Metal Quadruple Bonds (MM = MO2, MOW and W2): A Chemical Approach for Photon Harvesting and Spectral Expansion ......................................................................... 2202

Malcolm H. Chisholm

Improved Performance of Polymer/ZnO Nanorod Hybrid Solar Cells by Slow Drying of the Photoactive Layer ............................................................................................................................................................ 2205

Chen-Yu Chou, Chih Hua Chan, Jing-Shun Huang, Chung-Hao Wu, Chin-Hsiang Chang, Meng-Yueh Liu, Yu-Hong Lin, Ching-Fuh Lin

Absorption Enhancement in Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices Based on Surface Plasmon-Polariton....................... 2208Yifen Liu, Jaeyoun Kim

AREA 2 ORAL B: ALTERNATIVE TCOS AND INTERFACES Up-Scaling ILGAR In2S3 Buffer Layers Production for Chalcopyrite Solar Modules .............................................. 2212

N. A. Allsop, T. P. Niesen, S. E. Gledhill, M. Krüger, T. Köhler, M. C. Lux-Steiner, C.-H. Fischer

Impact of Zn1-XMnXO on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells .................................................................................. 2217Xiaonan Li, Ana Kanevce, Jian V. Li, Ingrid Repins, Brian Egaas, Rommel Noufi

Ga Distribution and Adhesion Issues in Selenization of Metallic Cu-Ga-In Precursors ........................................... 2221Woo Kyoung Kim, Gregory M. Hanket, William N. Shafarman

Comparison of Amorphous InZnO and Polycrystalline ZnO:Al Conductive Layers for CIGS Solar Cells .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2225

R. Sundaramoorthy, I. L. Repins, T. Gennett, F. J. Pern, D. Albin, Jian V. Li, C. DeHart, S. Glynn, J. D. Perkins, D. S. Ginley, T. Gessert

Photovoltaic Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 and Cu(InAl)Se2 Solar Cells by Photoassisted Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy ................................................................................................................................................. 2231

M. Takihara, T. Minemoto, Y. Wakisaka, S. Yamada, T. Takahashi

Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of the In2O3(ZnO)N System ............................................................... 2234Yanfa Yan, Aron Walsh, Juarez L. F. Da Silva, Su-Huai Wei, Mowafak Al-Jassim

AREA 7 ORAL B: MODULE RELIABILITY AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE Assessment of Ageing Through Periodic Exposure to Damp Heat (85°C / 85% RH) of Seven Different Thin-Film Module Types ................................................................................................................................................ 2237

Tony Sample, Artur Skoczek, Michael T. Field

Exploring Diagnostic Capabilities for Application to New Photovoltaic Technologies.............................................. 2243Enrico C. Quintana, Michael A. Quintana, Kevin D. Rolfe, Kyle R. Thompson, Peter Hacke

Long-Term Inverter Operation Demonstration at Sandia National Laboratories..................................................... 2249Sigifredo Gonzalez, Scott Kuszmaul, Abraham Ellis

System Availability Analysis for a Multi-Megawatt Photovoltaic Power Plant ......................................................... 2255John M. Fife, Russell W. Morris

Reliability and Availability Analysis of a Fielded Photovoltaic System ...................................................................... 2261Elmer Collins, Michael Dvorack, Jeff Mahn, Michael Mundt, Michael Quintana

AREA 1 ORAL A: NANOMATERIALS AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS Enhancement of Solar Cell Efficiency by Spectral-Conversion Using Rare Earth-Metal Nanoclusters .................. 2267

Hiroshi Mataki, Asanga B. Padmaperuma, Sambhu N. Kundu, James S. Swensen, Vincent D. McGinnis, Steven M. Risser, David W. Nippa, Paul E. Burrows

Optically Tandem Thin Film Solar Cells ....................................................................................................................... 2272Alan R. Kost, David Rauh, Jane Bertone, Paul Willard, Barry D. Bruce, Elizabeth H. Steenbergen, Yong-Hang Zhang, Ki-Wan Jeon, Dong-Kyun Seo

Solution-Based n-Type Doping in Cu2O and Its Implications for 3rd-Generation Cells ............................................ 2276X. Han, M. Tao

Solar Cells Based on Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids: Seeking Enhanced Photocurrent........................................... 2280Matt Law, Joseph M. Luther, Matthew C. Beard, Sukgeun Choi, Arthur J. Nozik

Characterization of ZnGeAs2 Thin Films Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition ...................................................... 2286Z. Z Tang, L. Zhang, R. K. Singh, D. Wright, T. Peshek, T. Gessert, T. J. Coutts, M. van Schilfgaarde, N. Newman

Spatially Composition-Graded Alloy Semiconductor Nanowires and Wavelength Specific Lateral-Multijunction Full-Spectrum Solar Cells....................................................................................................................... 2289

C. Z. Ning, A. L. Pan, R. B. Liu

Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Wire Cells......................................................................................................... 2293Pietro P. Altermatt, Yang Yang, Thomas Langer, Andreas Schenk, Rolf Brendel

Atomic Layer Deposition of PbS-ZnS Quantum Wells for High-Efficiency Solar Cells............................................ 2299Neil P. Dasgupta, Wonyoung Lee, Timothy P. Holme, Fritz B. Prinz

AREA 4 ORAL A: NOVEL SILICON DEVICES Rear Junction Laser Doped Solar Cells on CZ n-Type Silicon .................................................................................... 2304

Ly Mai, Ziv Hameiri, Budi S. Tjahjono, Stuart R. Wenham, Adeline Sugianto, Matt B. Edwards

18.9% Efficient Silicon Solar Cell with Laser Doped Emitter ..................................................................................... 2309S. Eisele, T. Röder, M. Ametowobla, G. Bilger, J. R. Köhler, J. H. Werner

In-Situ CVD Processes for Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells......................................................................... 2312E. Schmich, M. Drießen, F. Kiefer, J. Hampel, S. Reber

Back Contact Monocrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells from the Porous Silicon Process ............................... 2318F. Haase, R. Horbelt, B. Terheiden, H. Plagwitz, R. Brendel

20% Efficient Screen Printed Boron BSF Cells Using Spin-on Dielectric Passivation .............................................. 2321A. Das, V. Meemongkolkiat, D. S. Kim, S. Ramanathan, A. Rohatgi

Pilot-Line Processing of Screen-Printed Cz-Si MWT Solar Cells Exceeding 17% Efficiency .................................. 2326Florian Clement, Michael Menkoe, René Hoenig, Jonas Haunschild, Daniel Biro, Ralf Preu, Daniela Lahmer, Jan Lossen, Hans-Joachim Krokoszinski

AREA 7 ORAL A: MODULE MANUFACTURING, MEASUREMENTS, AND MPP TRACKING Development of Commercial-Scale Photovoltaic Modules Using Monolithic Module Assembly.............................. 2331

James M. Gee, David Meakin, Sysavanh Southimath, Martin Späth, Ian Bennett

Improved Test Method to Verify the Power Rating of a Photovoltaic (PV) Project .................................................. 2336A. Kimber, T. Dierauf, L. Mitchell, C. Whitaker, T. Townsend, J. NewMiller, D. King, J. Granata, K. Emery, C. Osterwald, D. Myers, B. Marion, A. Pligavko, A. Panchula, T. Levitsky, J. Forbess, F. Talmud

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT): Effects of Module Size, Loading and Solar Spectrum ................. 2342Ruhi Bharti, Joseph Kuitche, Mani G. TamizhMani

Comparison of Module Temperature Measurement Methods..................................................................................... 2348Stefan Krauter, Alexander Preiss

Measuring Thermomechanical Displacements of Solar Cells in Laminates Using Digital Image Correlation ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2354

Ulrich Eitner, Marc Köntges, Rolf Brendel

Maximum Power Point Tracking in the PV Grid-Connected Inverters of 5 kW ....................................................... 2359V. Salas, E. Olías

ADDITIONAL PAPERS Qualification Status of 30% Efficient Next Triple Junction (XTJ) GaInP2/GaAs/Ge Solar Cells to AIAA S-111-2005 Standard ............................................................................................................................................ 2363

Bongim Jun, Chris Fetzer, Kaveh Rouhani, Rina Bardfield, Kiem Bui, Dennis Hom, Mark Gillanders, S. K. Sharma

Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Tandem Cells with Poly (3-hexylthiophene): Fullerene Active Layers and Transparent Conductive Oxide Interlayer............................................................................................................. 2367

Jun Sakai, Kenji Kawano, Toshihiro Yamanari, Tetsuya Taima, Yuji Yoshida, Akihiko Fujii, Masanori Ozaki

Novel Control Methods for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System .............................................................................. 2371Maryam Hashemi Namin, Vahid Salehi Poor, S. Afsharnia

Distributed Max Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Arrays................................................................................ 2378Perry Tsao, Sameh Sarhan, Ismail Jorio

CPV Module Qualification and IEC 62108 Experiences at Arima EcoEnergy .......................................................... 2384Michael C. Y. Huang, Andrew Y. C. Tzeng, Chin-Wei Hsu, Richard Lee, Teng-Chun Wu, Jackie Jiang

A New Class of Acceptor Polymers for Applications in Organic PV........................................................................... 2387Michael Woodhouse, Craig L. Perkins, Matthew T. Rawls, Russell A. Cormier, Brian A. Gregg

Analysis of Defects and Impurities in New (In)GaAsN Materials for Concentrator Multi-Junction Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 2390

Masafumi Yamaguchi, Yoshio Ohshita, Nobuaki Kojima, Hidetoshi Suzuki, Boussairi Bouzazi

Is a Residential Photovoltaic System a Cost Effective Investment for the Homeowner?........................................... 2394Edward J. Simburger

A Novel Composite Electrolyte of Titania Nanotubes as Fillers and Polyethylene Gycol for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells....................................................................................................................................................... 2398

M. Shaheer Akhtar, Jung Geun Park, Hyun–Cheol Lee, S.-K. Lee, O-Bong Yang

Nano-Ag Colloids Assisted Tunneling Mechanism for Current Conduction in Front Contact of Crystalline Si Solar Cells................................................................................................................................................. 2402

Lap Kin Cheng, Liang Liang, Zhigang Li

Further Investigation of the Lifetime-Limiting Failure Mechanisms of CIGSS-Based Minimodules Under Environmental Stress........................................................................................................................................... 2407

Rebekah Feist, Steve Rozeveld, Brandon Kern, Jeff D’Archangel, Simon Yeung, Mark Bernius

Smart Integration of Future Grid-Connected PV Systems .......................................................................................... 2412B. Azzopardi, J. Mutale

Application of Plasma Deposited Nanocomposite Silicon Suboxides and Microcrystalline Silicon Alloys to Heterojunction Solar Cells .............................................................................................................................. 2418

Thomas Mueller, Stefan Schwertheim, Katrina Meusinger, Boguslaw Wdowiak, Ruediger Klimkeit, Wolfgang R. Fahrner

High Speed Laser Structuring of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ................................................................................ 2423S. Eidelloth, T. Neubert, T. Brendemühl, S. Hermann, P. Giesel, R. Brendel

Low-Cost, Deterministic Quasi-Periodic Photonic Structures for Light Trapping in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells......................................................................................................................................................................... 2429

Xing Sheng, Jifeng Liu, Jurgen Michel, Anuradha M. Agarwal, Lionel C. Kimerling

Evaluation of High-Temperature Exposure of Rack-Mounted Photovoltaic Modules .............................................. 2433Sarah Kurtz, Kent Whitfield, David Miller, James Joyce, John Wohlgemuth, Michael Kempe, Neelkanth Dhere, Nick Bosco, Timothy Zgonena

Growth of AgInS2 Crystals Grown by Hot-Press Method............................................................................................ 2439Takahiro Tokuda, Akira Nagaoka, Kenji Yoshino

Importance of Optical Confinement in Organic Thin Film Solar Cells ...................................................................... 2443Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Hidenari Miyauchi

Total Simulator for Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules Using Ray-Trace and Circuit Simulators ....................... 2447Yasuyuki Ota, Kensuke Nishioka

First Results on the Apollon Project Multi-Approach for High Efficiency Integrated and Intelligent Concentrating PV Modules (Systems)............................................................................................................................ 2450

G. Timò, A. Martinelli, A. Minuto, B. Schineller, I. Sagnes, R. Jakomin, G. Beaudoin, N. Gogneau, M. Noack, S. Padovani, S. Borshchov, R. Kenny, A. Sarno, G. Georghiou, P. Zurru, M. Sturm, M. Wild-Scholten, G. Bellia, G. Gigliucci, E. Medina, K. Heasman

Ultrafast Charge Transfer From CdSe Nanoparticles to Methylviologen and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Effect on Hybrid Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices ....................................................... 2456

Eric D. Peterson, Minglai Fu, K. Burak Ucer, Richard D. Adams, David L. Carroll

Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) as Fluorine Dopant Precursor for Production of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Films by MOCVD ............................................................................................................................................................ 2461

Carrie Wyse, Robert Torres, Teresa Barnes, Marty Scott, Matt Young, Xiaonan Li, Tim Gessert

A Simple Methodology to Evaluate Organic Solar Cell Structure and Its Fabrication Processes Through Reliability Studies ............................................................................................................................................ 2465

Sriramkumar Venugopalan, S. Sundar Kumar Iyer

Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Installations in a Solar America City............................................................. 2469Michael Gostein, Robert Hershey, Lawrence Dunn, Bill Stueve

Development Status of Ultra-Lightweight Solar Panel Using Space Solar Sheet ....................................................... 2472Kazunori Shimazaki, Yuki Kobayashi, Masato Takahashi, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Tatsuya Takamoto, Takehiko Ito, Yukishige Nozaki

Atomic Layer Deposited Ultra Thin HfO2 and Al2O3 Interfacial Layers for High Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells....................................................................................................................................................... 2477

Mariyappan Shanmugam, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, David Galipeau, Michal Ropp

Soliant Energy Concentrator Module Performance and Comparison to Silicon Flat Panel Performance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2482

Neil Fromer, Richard Johnson, Simone Missirian, Jason Bobruk

Status and Perspective of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Production........................................................................... 2486P. Fath, S. Keller, P. Winter, W. Jooß, W. Herbst

PVSC 34 Program Author Index