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Drugs of abuse

1. Alcohol (Ethyl, Juice, Booze, Dop)Reasons for abuse: Relieves pain and tension, eliminates worries and erases

problems from the conscious mindSigns of dependence: Drowsiness, lack of concentration, slow thinking, impairedfunctioning in social, interpersonal and economic spheresWithdrawal symptoms; Insomnia, nervousness, twitching, aggression, physicaldiscomfort.Dangers: Mental deterioration, lack of alertness, damage to orgasm such as liver,kidneys. black outs, convulsions. death from overdose, severe physiologicaldependence.

2. Dagga ( Grass, Joint, Boom, Zol, Dope, Skyf, Weed, Hash, Mojat, Poison)Reasons for abuse: Relaxation, alleviation of anxiety, feeling of wellbeing and

euphoria, to escape from realitySigns of dependence; Bloodshot eyes, drooping eyelids, unnatural thirst, or hunger, uncontrolled moods, talkativeness, disturbance of judgment, giggling,impaired perceptionWithdrawal symptoms: Restlessness, aggression, insomnia, moodiness, lack of self control, lethargy, irritability, nausea, decreased appetite, headachesDangers: Accidents due to distorted perception, excessive aggression whencombined with alcohol, anxiety leading to toxic psychosis, physical damage inform of bronchial irritation, risk of lung cancer, chromosome damage,interference with ovulation hormones, sterility

3. Inhalants: Industrial and household substancesBenzene, Petrol, Acetone, Hexane, Naphtha, Fluorocarbons, Carbontetrachloride, Glue, Turpentine, Paint, Thinners, Amyl nitrite (Aunt Poppie,Poppers)

Reasons for abuse: Lightheadedness, drowsiness, numbness, weightlessness, vividfantasiesSigns of dependence: Pallor, fatigue, forgetfulness, tremors, thirst, inability tothink logically, or clearly, feeling of persecution, irritability, hostilityWithdrawal symptoms: Chills, hallucinations, depression, anxiety, delirium,headaches, muscular cramps. abdominal pains, hostile outbursts,Dangers: Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system, kidneys, liver,

mucous membranes. death due to asphyxiation, laryngospasm, cardiac arrest.

4. Narcotics: Opium (Os, Oupa), Heroin ( Smack, Horse), Morphine (Morph,Miss Emma), Codeine, Pethidine ( Peths), Wellconal ( Pinks, Welkies)

Reasons for abuse: Used to create an unnatural elated feeling, to eliminate worriesand to produce euphoria.

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Signs of dependence: Miosis, injection marks and bruises on arms, thighs, groin,neck, and ankles, unnatural calmness, drowsiness, personality changes whencraving, decreased appetite and sexual driveWithdrawal symptoms: Insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, exaggerated pain,aggression, hot and cold flushes, running nose, cramps in muscles, severe

vomiting, abdominal pains, twitching and jerkiness.Dangers: Mental deterioration, impotence, sterility, physical deterioration, weightloss, loss of interest, convulsions, coma and death from overdose, severephysiological dependence.

5. Ecstacy (hallucinogenic Amphetamine) (XTC, Disco biscuits, Scoobie snacks)Is contaminated with LSD, morphine, heroin and strychnine

Reasons for abuse: Rave partiesSigns of dependence: Detected in urineDangers: Highly additive, serious physical side effects ( high blood pressure,rapid heart rate, dehydration, blood clotting, severe exhaustion, death can occur)

psychological side effects ( anxiety, depression, suicide, mental illness

6. Cociane, Crack (Coke, Snow)Reasons for abuse: Creates false confidence and causes elation.Signs of dependence: Pale face, involuntary movement and twitching, unnaturalexcitement, loss of appetite, insomnia, rapid pulse, rash, overconfident behaviour.Withdrawal symptoms: Cramps in muscles, mental depression, drowsiness andlethargyDangers: High blood pressure, damage to tissue of nasal passage if sniffed,convulsions and death from overdose

7. Appetite suppressants: Obex (Os, Obies, Yellows), Tenuate (Speed), Nobese(Nobies), Minobese, Redupon

Reasons for abuse: Creates a false sense of elation and confidence. NB used tokeep awake and loose weightSigns of dependence: Dilated pupils, palpitations, rapid pulse rate, unnaturalthirst, twitching, and involuntary movements, insomnia, hyperactivity, loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, unnatural excitement, quarrelsome andaggressive behaviour Withdrawal symptoms: Nausea, mental depression, aggression drowsiness andlethargy, loss of appetite, severely suicidalDangers: Overconfidence leading to crime (aggression), convulsions and deathfrom overdose, damage to organs, liver kidneys, cardiac failure.

8. LSD (Acid, California sunshine, Candy, Smarties, Strawberry fields, Greengoblins, White lightning)

Reasons for abuse: Altered state of consciousness, enhanced and distortperception and sensations, soul and mind expanding drug, escape reality

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Signs of dependence: Emotional swings, paranoia, bizarre behaviour, flashbacks,visions, hallucinations, disruption of thinking and mental activity, illusions andpseudo hallucinationsWithdrawal symptoms: Not commonly knownDangers: Toxic psychosis, accidents due to distorted perception, mental

derangement, neurological damage, depression and paranoia, intense anxiety

9. Hypnotics - sleeping tablets Barbiturates (Barbs, Downers): Amytal ( Blues), Nembutal (Yellows), Seconal (Reddevices, Red birds) Tuinal (Rain bows) vesperax ( Vees),Non- barbiturates : Mandrax ( Mandies, Buttons, Whites)

Reasons for abuse: Relieves insomnia and eliminates worries, can causeaggression, mental confusion and disorientationSigns of dependence: Drowsiness, lack of concentration, slow thinking, dull thick headed feeling, faulty judgment and emotional instabilityWithdrawal symptoms insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, nausea, vomiting,

abdominal cramps, and hallucinations, seizures,Dangers: lead to mental sluggishness, lack of alertness, coma, death fromoverdose, respiratory and circulatory collapse, severe physiological dependence

10. Analgesics: AP cods, Paracetamol, Beserol, Grandpa powders, SyndolReasons for abuse: To relieve pain and tension, to eliminate worries and eraseproblems from the conscious mindSigns of dependence: Drowsiness, lack of concentration, slow thinkingWithdrawal symptoms; Insomnia, nervousness, twitching, anxiety, aggressionDangers: Organ damage to liver and kidneys, fatal mental deterioration, lack of alertness

11. TranquillisersDiazepam eg Valium, Pax, DovalOxazepam eg Serepax, Oxaline, PurataLorazepam eg Ativan, Tranqil, TranqipamNitrazepam eg Mogadon, Lyladorm, Noctene

Reasons for abuse To relieve pain and tension, to eliminate worries and eraseproblems from the conscience mindSigns of dependence: Drowsiness, lack of concentration and slow thinkingWithdrawal symptoms: Insomnia, nervousness, twitching, anxiety, aggressionDangers: Mental deterioration, lack of alertness, coma

TREATMENT IS MAINLY ABSTINANCE FROM DRUGS

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