2009 年 SAT 语法讲义一、主谓一致1. 就前原则(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT 考试中动词的单复数与 N1 有关，与 N2 无关） 如： a group of students are

the details of the problems are

例：The b r i g h t ( A ) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez h a s r ec e i v e d ( B )

critical acclaim n o t o n l y ( C ) in his home state, New Mexico, but also i n ( D) New

York. No e r r o r ( E) . (P161.1)

(2) 名词 1+介词+名词 2 如：students in the classroom

名词，插入语，verb

名词+doing/done 如：students studying hard

例：Flints f o u n d i n ( A ) the region extending from the Nile Valley t o ( B ) the

highlands of eastern Iraq a t t e s t s to ( C ) the presence of people there a s l o n g a go a s ( D)

one hundred thousand years. No e r r o r ( E ) . (P166.3)

2.“欲擒故纵”法 动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用

“欲擒故纵”法。3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；

the number of …的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。 量词考点：a group/list/line of 使用“就前原则”

(2) 倒装结构：就后原则。 如：here comes the bus

a. 地点状语+动词+主语b. Only 置于句首的倒装

例：In the foothills of that large mountain range i s ( A ) the sources of a river w h o s e

c o u r s e ( B ) was not f u l ly m a pp e d ( C ) u n t i l ( D) this century. No e r r or ( E ) . (P

776.19) 例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes h a s b ee n s t u d i e d ( A ) for years,

b ut ( B ) only recently h a s ( C ) the harmful effects of noise pollution b ec o m e ( D) known. No

e r r o r ( E ) . (P167.6)

4.名词集合名词：family, group, stuff, team, community，只要这些词以单数结尾，后面

的谓语动词都用单数。people, cattle, police ：其后的谓语动词用复数 以 s 结尾的词：means, species, news

以 cs 结尾的词：physics, mathematics，不表示复数，是单数。以 us 结尾的词：octopus（章鱼）, platypus（鸭嘴兽）, -saurus（恐龙） 考点：名词的单复数 作业：P410.23、24，P472.22，P602.27，P721.24、26、29，P839.20、27，P894.16， P956.12，P776.12，P839.25，P957.19、28，P471.17，P534.18。二、平行结构（1）名词，名词，and 名词例：Each time Caroline turns on her computer , she h a s ( A ) to enter a company code,

then her initials, and then e n t e r s a p a ss w o r d ( B ) b e f o r e ( C ) she can b e g i n w o r k i n g

( D ) . No e r r o r ( E) . (P166.2)

例：Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species, o n l y a f e w ( A ) a r e h i g hly p r i ze d ( B )

for use in jewelry b eca u s e o f t h e i r ( C ) beauty, luster, and t h e y a r e h a r d ( D ) . N o e rr o r

(E ) . (P533.12)

（2）两者之间的平行如：not only…,but also…

neither…,nor…

either…,or…

…and/but….

例：The labor union i s n e g ot i a t i n g ( A ) a contract with the hospital t h a t ( B ) w i ll s a t i s f y

( C ) the demands of the workers and b e acce p t a b l e to ( D) all levels of

management. No e r r o r ( E) . (P601.13)

（3）句子的平行考点：同类比较特点：-er, more, than, as, like, unlike, compare to/with.

如： The population of China is larger than that of America. 所有格和所有格之间比较时，第二个所有格是不能省略的，需要补充 that of/those of/’s。 作业：P601.13，P777.28，P599.3，P410.21、29，P602.20、22，P659.25，P660.27， P720.14、18。三、形容词和副词adj. + n. / pron.

adv. + v. / adj. / adv.

如：I find the book easy.

I find the book easily.

例：Although canoeing t h r o ugh ( A ) the rapids was exciting, i t w a s ( B ) also

exhausting, and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float s e r e n e ( C ) d o wn

( D) a smooth

stretch of the river. No e rr o r ( E) . (P838.12) 笔记：serene 平静的；serenely 平静地 如：快速的发展中的国家 rapidly developing country

例：The research study r evea ls ( A) startling proof of a co nst ant ( B) changing seafloor

that c o m p r i s e s ( C ) the major p a r t o f ( D) the underwater landscape. No e r r or

(E ) . (P602.29)

例：J u s t h o w ( A ) critical an improved balance of trade i s t o ( B ) a healthy economy h a s

n e v e r b e e n ( C ) m o r e c l ea r e r ( D) than it is now. N o e r r o r ( E ). （P659.18）作业： P167.7，P192.14，P409.17，P660.29，P721.22，P894.13，P896.27，P957.23。 四、逻辑主语（1）D o i n g/d o n e … , SVO.

如：Beaten black and blue, Kitty is crying.

Beating black and blue, Kitty is crying.

例：C o n t r a s t i n g w i t h ( A ) m o s t o t h e r ( B ) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese

Kings c o u l d c o u n t o n ( C ) the support of the aristocracy i n a ny ( D) overseas

ventures. N o

e r r o r ( E )

例：Raised in a large and noisy city, i t w a s o n l y w h e n I w e n t a w a y to c o ll e ge t h a t I

r e a li ze d h o w d e li g h t f u l li f e i n a s m a ll to wn c o u l d b e . （P955.11）(A) it was only when I went away to college that I realized how delightful life

in a small town could be

(B) when I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a

small town could be

(C) going away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small

town could be

(D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I

went away to college

(E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by me until I went away

to college

例：While working as a nurse in the streets of Calcutta, t h a t w a s w h e n M ot h e r T e r e s a

d e v e l o p e d a p r o f o u n d l o v e f o r t h e p o o r . （P892.1）(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor

(B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poor

(C) then the development of Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor

took place

(D) Mother Teresa’s profound love for the poor developed

(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother Teresa

例：Having thought the problem through with some care, t h a t t h e c o m m i tt e e d i d

n o t u n d e r s t a n d h e r s o l u t i o n f r u s t r a t e d t h e c h a i r p e r s o n e x t r e m e l y . （P599.5）(A) that the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the

chairperson extremely

(B) the chairperson’s extremely frustration resulted from the committee

not understanding her solution

(C) the chairperson’s frustration at the committee’s failing to understand

her solution was extreme

(D) the chairperson was extremely frustrated by the committee’s failure

to understand her solution

(E) the committee’s failing to understand her solution was an extreme

frustration to the chairperson

while/when/by/on/through D o i n g/d o n e … , SVO.

例：By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a

c a t a l o g o r d e r ca n b e p l ace d f o r a l m o s t a n y t h i ng f r o m c h e e s eca k e s to f u l ly

e q u i pp e d d e s k to p c o m pu t e r s . （P616.12）(A) a catalog order can be placed

(B) by placing a catalog order

(C) they will place your catalog order

(D) you can place a catalog order

(E) your catalog order can be placed

例：Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise, C a n a d i a ns e l ec t e d a m e m b e r o f

t h e P r o g r e s s i v e C o n s e r v a t i v e P a r t y , Kim C a m p b e ll, a s P r im e M i n i s t e r i n 1993.

（P493.13）(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim

Campbell, as Prime Minister

(B) Canadians’ election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party as

Prime Minister was Kim Campbell

(C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected Prime

Minister of Canada

(D) the Progressive Conservative Party’s Kim Campbell was elected Prime

Minister of Canadians

(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, was

elected by Canadians as Prime Minister

例：Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, c r i t i c s o n c e r i d i c u l e d J ac k s o n

P o l l o c k for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.（P532.8）(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock

(B) critics once were ridiculing Jackson Pollock

(C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics

(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics

(E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics

（2）SVO, d o i n g/d o n e …. S 与分词SVO d o i n g/d o n e …. O 与分词

如：The boys are watching a galaxy of beauties passing by, slobbering.

例：Du r i n g ( A ) my m o s t r ece n t ( B ) trip, I ca m e a c r o s s ( C ) a wonderful antique

store w a n d e r i ng ( D) in the old quarter of the city. No e rr o r ( E ) . (P533.16) 作业：P955.5，P190.2，P534.21，P846.2。五、代词代词一定要确切地指明具体对象。（1）单复数例：The starling is s u c h a ( A ) pest in rural areas that it h a s b e c o m e ( B ) necessary to f i nd w a y s ( C ) of controlling the growth o f t h e i r ( D) population. No e r r o r ( E ) （P167.8） 例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings

could count on (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. N o

e r r o r ( E )

（2）主格，宾格主格：I，we，they 宾格：me，us，him，her 区别：做主格的一般出现在句首，做宾格的一般出现在动词、介词后。 宾语：动词宾语、介词宾语。例：The report Alexander i s d i s c u s s i ng ( A ) , a report prepared jointly by h e ( B ) and

the committee, does not t a ke i n t o acc o u n t ( C ) the socioeconomic status o f t h o s e

i n t e r v i e w e d ( D ) . N o e r r o r ( E) （P602.21）

例：Apparently i m p r e s s e d w i t h ( A ) our plans, the foundation awarded C a r l o s a n d I ( B )

a grant to e s t a b li s h ( C ) a network of community centers t h r o ug h o u t ( D) the

city. No e r r o r ( E ) （P602.26）例：For we ( A) students, concern about impe nd ing ( B) tuition hikes was even mo r e

ac u t e t h a n ( C ) a pp r e h e n s i o n a b o ut ( D) final exams. N o e r r o r ( E ) （P721.27）（3）one，you 不能相互指代one 与 he/she 对应；ones 与 they 对应例 ： For people i n ( A ) many ancient societies, work was only a m e a ns o f ( B )

survival r a t h e r t h a n ( C ) a way t o im p r o v e y o ur ( D) standard of living. No

e r r o r ( E )

（P838.19）（4）this 划线（5）which, who, whom, that

考点：which 不能指代人，who, whom 不能指代物。例 ： Candy manufacturers applauded the d i s c o v e r y by ( A ) researchers that

students wh i c h ( B ) smell chocolate while studying and a g a in w h il e t a k i n g ( C ) a

test a r e a b l e to ( D) recall more material than students not exposed to the odor of

chocolate. N o

e r r o r ( E ) （P894.15）例 ： I n a w o r l d t h a t ( A ) the rate of technological and social change accelerates

f r i g h t e n i n g ly ( B ) , change i t s e l f ( C ) often seems to be the o n l y c o n s t a n t ( D ) .

N o e r r o r ( E ) （P957.21）Where, in which 的区别：介词+which 的用法>where

作业：P410.26，P472.28，P534.20，P601.15，P602.28，P659.20，P660.28，P720.15，

P721.20，P776.14，P777.23、25，P839.24、26，P957.26。 六、时态（1）现在类 一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在将来时。（2）过去类 一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，过去将来时。例：Jerome often referred t o ( A ) art history textbook wh il e h e ( B ) was sculpting;

whenever he learned a new method in art class , he s ee ks o ut ( C ) the work of

sculptors who h a d u s e d i t ( D) in the past. N o e rr o r (E) （P409.15）例：Some of the workers w h o r e s e n t ( A ) the supervisor’s authority w ou l d p r o b a bly

( B ) feel uncomfortable i f ( C ) they were to acquire the independence that

t h e y d e m a n d ( D) . N o e r r or ( E) （P839.22）（3）不规则动词的过去分词例：Although born in the Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life in

Harlem, in New York City, w h e r e ( A ) , li ke ( B ) other writers in the 1930’s, he

h a d w r o t e ( C ) some of his f i n e s t ( D) works. N o e r r o r ( E) （P894.12）作业：P409.15，P471.16，P534.24，P658.12，P720.13，P777.21，P838.16，P839.22，

P894.20。 七、介词（1）基础介词的搭配（2）把介词的固定用法出得很长（3）常考的点： 有能力去做

—be able to

have ability to

be capable of doing

preoccupation with

总结归纳：（1）动词划线：时态、单复数；（2）代词；（3）平行结构；（4）形容词和副词；（5）名词；（6）逻辑主语；（7）介词。 易错点：时态、固定用法、5E 选项。 作业：OG 上所有的挑错题，并且分类总结。

Improving Sentences

1. 简洁原则because 比 because of，aware of， considering；主动>被动；直接>间接；动

词〉 名词。例：Anita liked to watch t e l e v i s i o n , o f wh i c h s h e f o u n d t h e s c i e n c e

p r o g r a m s e s p e c i a lly f a s c i n a t i n g.

(A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating

(B) television; she found the science programs especially fascinating

(C) television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination

(D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially

(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programs

2. run on 句型SVO，SVO

两个句子相连：SVO，conj SVO 或者 SVO；SVO 副词和介词不能连接两个句子：SVO，adv SVO 或者 SVO，prep SVO adv：①以 ly 结尾的词；②词根判断法；③ however, thus, hence, then, also, even

练习： SVO, thus SVO.

SVO, however SVO.

SVO, but SVO.

SVO, although SVO.

SVO; therefore SVO.

SVO; but SVO.

SVO; although SVO.

例 ： S i n c e s o m e ( A ) people are c o nv i n ce d t h a t ( B ) dowsing, a method of finding

underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the

procedure a s ( C ) m e r e s up e r s t i t i o n ( D) . N o e r r o r ( E) （P602.24）1, Many students work after school and on w ee k e n d s , c o n s e qu e n t l y t h e y do n ot h a v e much time for doing their homework.A, weekends, consequently they do not haveB, weekends, they do not haveC, weekends, as a consequence they do not have

D, weekends, therefore they do not haveE, weekends; consequently, they do not have

2.Even the play’s most minor characters work together with extraordinary skill,

t h e i r i n t e r p l a y c r ea t e s a m o v i ng t h ea t r i c a l e x p e r i e n ce .

A, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.B, a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplayC, and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.D, and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplayE, with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.

3. 逻辑主语 Logic subject

doing/done ··· ，SVO.

adj./adv. ，SVO

4. having，being 自杀词：在句子中充当时态的组成部分。 正确：放在句首大写。例：H a v i ng b e e n a v i c t i m o f m a l i c i o us r u m o r s , Helen purposely avoided gossips.

（P954. 3）(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors

(B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors

(C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors

(D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors

(E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumors

5. 时态 tense

6. 单复数 singular & plural

5、6 常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线7. 平行结构 parallel structure

① doing, doing, and doing / 名词，名词，and 名词② 两者之间的平行

例 ： Most drivers k n o w n ot o n l y t h a t e x ce ss i ve s p e e d i n g o n h i g h w a y s w a s t e s gasoline,

but also that it is dangerous. （P678.13）(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes

(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of

(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes

(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only

(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste

③ 同类相比较8. 固定用法

so that， just as… so， had hardly…when，no sooner…than，…not… any more…

例：The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school

b udg e t to w h e r e no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.

（P430.6）(A) budget to where

(B) budget, therefore

(C) budget, even

(D) budget as

(E) budget that

例 ： Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on

abundance of famous painters, s o F i n l a n d h a s p r o v i d e d a l a r ge n u m b e r o f f a m ou s

a r c h i t ec t s . （P775.10）(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects

(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers

(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large

number (D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is

provided (E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous

architects

例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king b ut

h i s w i f e p e r s u a d e d him to r e t u r n to Italy.（P676.4）(A) but his wife persuaded him to return

(B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning

(C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return

(D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning

(E) than his wife persuaded him to return

例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes a ny m o r e t h a n t h e y

w i ll r e m e m b e r W a y ne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6）(A) any more than they will remember Wayne

(B) as will Wayne not be remembered

(C) any more than Wayne will been remember

(D) just as they will not remember Wayne

(E) no more than Wayne will be remembered

9. 双主语N SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO。

例：T h e B a s que l a n gu a g e , p o s s i bly o n e o f E u r op e ’ s o l d e s t , w h o s e o r i g i ns a r e h ot l y

d e b a t e d . （P863.10）(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins

are hotly debated.

(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are

hotly debated.

(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are

hotly debated.

(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are

hotly debated.

(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly

Europe’s oldest.

10. 同位语优先 主语，…，VO

1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, wh i c h i s l ea d i ng

s c i e n t i s t s to w o n d e r a b o ut the composition of the object.

(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about

(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about

(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of

(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about

(E) this leading scientists to wonder on

2. The rare-earth metal d y s p r o s i u m , b e i ng a m e m b e r o f t h e l a n t h a n i de s e r i e s , a n d i s

i n g r o up I II b o f t h e p e r i od i c t a b l e .

(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb

of the periodic table

(B) dysprosium is a member of the lanthanide series, it is in group IIIb of

the periodic table

(C) dysprosium, a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the

periodic table

(D) dysprosium is in group IIIb of the periodic table being a member of the

lanthanide series

(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of

the periodic table

3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which she

initially titled First Impressions and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, t h i s

i s a b oo k t h a t m a ny f a n s c o n s i d e r h e r b e s t w o r k .

(A) this is a book that many fans consider her best work

(B) since many fans consider this her best work

(C) the best work that many fans considered it to be

(D) a book that many fans consider her best work

(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work

4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a s m a l l f r a m e b e i ng

n e c e s s a r y f o r a g y m n a s t , Mary Lou Retton captured the hearts of the American

people and won a gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games.

(A)a small frame being necessary for a gymnast

(B) having a small frame necessary for a gymnast

(C) being small frame necessary for a gymnast

(D) a small frame necessary for a gymnast

(E) because her small frame is necessarily for gymnasts

11．代词 pronoun

（it, they, their, which, that）①singular & plural；② 不能 pro-verb, per-sentence；例：During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the h i g h w a y ,

a n d t h e y t h e r e by b l o c k e d i t to a l l t r a f f i c . （P599.4）(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic

(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic

(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore

blocked (D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic

blocked (E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic

③ 不能 pro-none;④ambiguous usage;

⑤ 一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容―― plague 原则例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted a s to t h e

d e f e n s i b il i t y o f t h e i r p r ac t i c e s a s l e g a l a n d e t h i c a l .（P615.6）(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical

(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds

(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as

well as ethics

(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and

ethically defensible

(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensible

12. S，…，V＋O

错误用法：S, ... , doing+O

S, ... , which / that +O

S, ... , and +v. +O

S, ... , he / she +v.+O

例：The problem of water po llut io n, fr eque nt ly c o mpo unded in cer t ain ar eas becau se

the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated（.

(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because

(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and (C)

pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when (D)

pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where

(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and

P954.2）

13. S+V+O；S+V+O→S+V+O；it+V+O it 只能指代上一句话的主语。S+V+O，which…S+V+O，ving/ved…

例 ： Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring D i s p a t c h

E du ca t i o n , i t m a n u f ac t u r e s school uniforms.（P599.2）(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures

(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures

(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing

(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing

(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing of

例：Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch p r o g r a m s , f o r

i t w i ll d e t e r criminals.（P739.10）(A) programs, for it will deter

(B) programs, in which it will deter

(C) programs that will deter

(D) programs for the deterrence of

(E) programs being able to deter

例：It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not

admitted to some c o ll e g e s , b ut t h e y h a v e s i n c e b e c o m e c o e du ca t i o n a l .（P802.8）(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational

(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational

(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational

(D) colleges that have since become coeducational

(E) colleges, since becoming coeducational

例：When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain

made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, wh i c h b ec a m e the subject

of prolonged controversy.（P987.8）(A) which became

(B) so it was to be

(C) with a result that it was destined to become

(D) therefore becoming

(E) consequently it would become 排三剩二时口诀：有 A 选 A，无 A 选短。 定语从句>分词短语>平行句

14. the reason… be that① the reason… b e t h a t ② t h e r ea s o n … because

例：The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process

i s t h a t t h e y h a v e d e m a n d i ng a ss i g n m e n t s a n d w o r k a t part-time jobs.（P600.6）(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at

(B) are demanding assignments and they work at

(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at

(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at

(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working at

例：The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal t r ee , t h e r ea s o n i s t h a t t h e t r u c k

a n d r oo t s r e m a i n alive even after the tree has been felled.（P955. 6）(A) tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain

(B) tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining

(C) tree, the truck of which and the roots remain

(D) tree because its truck and roots remain

(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remaining

例：The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is t h a t

i t d r a ws o n experience with which almost everyone can identify（P955. 10）(A) that it draws on

(B) that their music draws on (C)

because the music draws on (D)

because of them drawing from (E)

they will draw from

1. Roger had just walked into his office a n d t h a t w a s w h e n h e w a s to l d that his

plan had finally been approved.

A. and that was when he was told

B. and then he learned

C. when it was learned by him

D. and then they told him

E. when he learn

2. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, S a r a h ’ s s ea r c h f o r

a b a gg a g e ca r t w a s d e s p e r a t e .

A. Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate

B. Sarah’s desperate search was for a baggage cart

C. a baggage cart was what Sarah desperately searched for

D. a baggage cart for which Sarah desperately searched

E. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cart

例：Of all the states represented at the conference, t h e g o v e r n o r o f

M i ss o u r i w a s t h e o n l y o n e t o p r e s e n t plans for enforcing the new

regulations.

（P740.14）(A) the governor of Missouri was the only one to present

(B) making the governor from Missouri the only one to present

(C) Missouri’s governor only presented

(D) Missouri’s governor presented the only

(E) Missouri was the only one whose governor presented

3. Karen, James, and Sam were hiking wh e n , s t u m bli n g o v e r a r o c k, h e f e ll d o wn

a s t ee p e m b a n k m e n t .

A. when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

B. and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rock

C. when Sam fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rock

D. when Sam fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rock

E. and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

4. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept

the economy of the town from collapsing, t h i s w a s a d i s a s t e r m a ny w o r k e r s

h a d f ea r e d .

A. this was a disaster many workers had feared

B. because many workers had feared a disastert

C. the fear many workers had would be a disaster

D. a disaster that many workers had feared

E. it was feared by many workers as a disaster

5. A healthy economy can be measured not only by the growth of business but i t

h a s a psychological effect on people.

A. it has a

B. as well in the

C. also by the

D. also the

E. in the way of having a

6. Today’s political candidates may reach wide audiences by appearing on

t e l e v i s i o n , b ut o l d - f a s h i o n e d b a r n s to r mi n g s t i ll h a s v a l ue b e c a u s e i t a l l o w s the

electorate to meet candidates face to face.

A. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still has value because it allows

B. television, but old-fashioned barnstorming still would have value because

of allowing

C. television; however, there is still value in old-fashioned barnstorming

by allowing

D. television, old-fashioned barnstorming still having value because it allows

E. television, when old-fashioned barnstorming still has value in allowing

7. Linguistic research often requires fieldwork w h e r e t h e y can study and record

the spoken dialects of a region.

A. where they

B. through which they

C. and the linguist

D. during which the linguist

E. which they

8. The primatologist has argued that sustained observation of a few animals

p r o v i d e s b e tt e r b e h a v i o r a l d a t a t h a n d o e s i n t e r m i tt e n t o b s e r v a t i o n o f m a ny

a ni m a l s .

A. provides better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of

many animals

B. provides better behavioral data than many animals are observed intermittently

C. providing better behavioral data than does intermittent observation of many

animals

D. do provide better behavioral data than intermittent observation of

many animals do

E. in contrast to intermittent observation of many animals, provides

better behavioral data

例：Of the following, which is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence

5 below?

W hat ev e r it i s , i t s ee m e d that the c r e atu r e has a bu r r o w und e r our f r ont po r c h.

（P722.31）(A) (as it is now)

(B) In spite of what it is, it seems that the creature

has (C) The creature, whatever it was, seemingly

having (D) It would seem, whatever it is, that it

would have (E) Whatever the creature is, it seems to

have

9. George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” r e f e r r i n g to t h e i n t e n t i o n a l u s e o f l a n g u a ge

to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of

“tax increase.”

A. referring to the intentional use of language

B. referring to language which is intentionally

used C. which refers to the intentionally using

language D. refers to the intentional use of

language

E. is when it refers to language used intentionally

10. Scientists predict technological changes in the next ce n t u r y , t h e y w i l l b e

a s d r a m a t i c a s w a s the development of the transcontinental railroad in the

last century.

A. century, they will be as dramatic as was

B. century, these will be as dramatic as

C. century; being as dramatic as was

D. century will be dramatic as is

E. century as dramatic as

11. W i t h bill i o n s o f t o n s yet to be mined, some argue that coal conservation

measures are unnecessary.

A. With billions of tons

B. Because billions of tons of coal are

C. Because of coal in billions of tons

D. By considering that there are billions of tons

E. Aware of the coal in billions of tons

1. E 2. B 3.B 4. E 5. D

6. C 7. A 8.E 9. E 10. C

11. C

1.知识点（14 条）2.做题感觉：(1) 读句子，挑错误；(2) 有错时，有仇报仇，有怨报怨，直接改正过来；(3) 无错时，对比 A、B 选项的不同，它们的不同即为该题的考点；(4) 一旦 A 没错，且 A>B，考虑选 A；(5) 群众的眼光是雪亮的（多数派为胜）；(6) 不选面目全非的 5E，但是选偷偷回到 A 选项的 4D 或者 5E；(7) 排三剩二时,有 A 选 A，无 A 选短。

Improving Paragraph一、语法题 (1) 划线修改 (2) 二合一体

考点：a. 语法结构；b. 从平行并列的两个句子中，找出两个句子的重心；c. 从句意上，考两个句子的连接词。

难点：题目出得很长。 单句>从句>分词>平行句

(3) 代词的指代(4) 不划线修改 有错改错，没

错删整句。例：In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 4 reproduced below)?

（P958.30）They had actually been in use for half of his lifetime.

(A) Delete it.

(B) Switch it with sentence 5.(C) Change “They” to “Such elevators”. (D) Change “his” to “Otis”.(E) Insert “supposedly” after “lifetime”例：What is the best way to revise the underlined portion of sentences 5 and

6 (reproduced below)? （P958.31）What Otis managed to do in 1854 was to demonstrate an elevator with a built-in

safety d ev i ce . So th a t the e l ev ator w ould not plunge to the bottom if the rope used to

raise and lower it broke.

(A) device, by which the elevator would not plunge

(B) device, and the elevator would not plunge

(C) device because an elevator plunges

(D) device to prevent the elevator from plunging

(E) device, it prevented elevators from plunging

二、文章题 难点：阅读题 (1)

中心思想

(2) 在文章最前端或者最末端添加句子 ——关于文章的中心思想的概括(3) 文章中间加句子

a. 从语法角度考，如代词指代不明；b. 做某个概念的解释和说明。

(4) 概括和举例之间的关系例：Which of the following sentences would be best to add after sentence 10?

（P841.34）(A) I confidently related what my mother had taught me about

him. (B) And in fact, you can bet that really made my day.

(C) Indeed, my mother had always encouraged me to do my best on such

occasions. (D) I outlined everything I knew about Poe

(E) Famous for his tales of terror, Poe has captivated readers for 150 years. 部分原文：Her ability to speak several languages enabled her to gather stories from eyewitnesses of major events like the uprising of December 1825.

例：Which of the following is the be best sentences to insert at the beginning of the

second paragraph?（779.34）(A) The journey from Massachusetts had been long.

(B) In 1824 Saint Petersburg was a turbulent city.

(C) Russian history has fascinated me for years.

(D) Unfortunately, Prince faced harsh winters in Saint

Petersburg. (E) Prince was an ideal observer in several ways.

Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.(P660)

(1) This summer I felt as if I were listening in on the Middle Ages with

a hidden microphone. (2) No, there were no microphones in those days. (3) But

there were letters, and sometimes these letters speak to me like voice from very

long ago. (4) A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a

family.

(5) The Pastons, who lived in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.

(6) Getting anywhere in the Middle Ages was really hard, with deep rivers and

few bridges and sudden snowstorms coming on in the empty lands between

settlements. (7) An earl rebelled in London, so that a messenger rode for days to

tell

the distant head of the Paston family of a feared civil war.

(8) Through the letters a modern reader can sense their anxieties about

rebellious sons and daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and

shortages of certain foods and textiles. (9) Unbelievably, there is a 1470 love

letters. (10) The man who wrote it ends “I beg you, let no one see this letter. (11)

As soon as you have read it, burn it, for I would not want anyone to see it.” (12) I

was sitting on the front porch with bare feet on the hottest afternoon in July and

I read that with a shiver. (13) I had been part of a centuries-old secret.

30. The best way to describe the relationship of sentence 2 to sentence 1 is

that sentence 2

(A) anticipates a reader’s possible response to sentence 1

(B) provides historical background for sentence 1

(C) repeats the idea presented in sentence 1

(D) introduce a contrasting view of sentence 1

(E) corrects an inaccuracy stated in sentence 1

31. Which of the following sentences would be most logical to insert before sentence

4?

(A) I first came across these letters while browsing in a

library. (B) No, I am not dreaming; I have been reading them.

(C) On the contrary, microphones are a recent

invention. (D) Obviously, a library can open the door to

mystery.

(E) However, letters are not the oldest form of communication.

32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portions of sentences 4 and

5 (reproduced below)?

A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a f amil y . T he

P a s ton s , w ho li ve d in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.

(A) (as it is now)

(B) a family. The Pastons, living

(C) a family; it was the Pastons living

(D) the Paston family, who lived

(E) the family named Paston and living

33. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion

of sentence 7 (reproduced below)

A n e a r l r e b e ll e d in L ondo n , s o that a messenger rode for days to tell the distant head

of the Paston family of a feared civil war.

(A) (as it is now)

(B) An earl had rebelled in London, so

(C) For example, with a rebelling earl in London

(D) While an earl rebels in London

(E) Once, when an earl rebelled in London

34. In context, which is the best version to make to sentence 8 (reproduced below)?

Through the letters a modern reader can sense their anxieties about rebellious sons

and daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and shortages of certain

foods and textiles.

(A) Insert “one’s reading of” after “Through”.(B) Change “their”to “the Pastons’”. (C) Change “sense” to “record”.

(D) Delete some of the examples.(E) Insert “etc.” after “textiles”.

35. All of the following strategies are used by the writer of the passage

EXCEPT (A) background explanation

(B) imaginative description

(C) rhetorical questions

(D) personal narration

(E) direct quotation

Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.(P411)

(1) A castle is not the same thing as a palace, though some people use the

terms “castle” and “palace” interchangeably. (2) Castle are fortified dwellings,

built by feudal lords of the Middle Ages. (3) Their stone walls, moats, iron gates,

and drawbridges were designed to ward off marauding plunderers and hostile

armies.

(4)Small windows in castle walls allowed archers to shoot at intruders from positions

of comparative safety. (5) But even welcomed guests would have found castles

less than inviting. (6) In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts that

medieval castles did not offer. (7) These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living

quarters in instead.

(8) Though castles were made obsolete by the invention of the cannon in the

fourteenth century, many survive to the present day as fascinating relics of a bygone

era. (9) These structures, which were designed to keep people at a distance,

now attract visitors from all over the world. (10) There are scores of medieval

castles located throughout Europe. (11) Some, like Eilean Donan Castle and the

Chateau de Chambonneau, are well-maintained tourist attractions. (12) In one Welsh

village, the decaying remnants of a castle sit beside cozy brick houses on an ordinary

street.

30. Of the following, which would most improve the first paragraph (sentences 1-

7)? (A) Providing a brief summary of medieval history

(B) Tracing the origin of the word “castle”(C) Explaining more fully what a palace is

(D) Placing sentence 7 immediately after sentence

1 (E) Deleting sentence 3

31. which of the following sentences, if inserted immediately after sentence 3,

would most effectively link sentences 3 and 4?

(A) These walls were built by laborers known as “serfs.”(B) Drawbridges had been in use since ancient times.

(C) Those who defied such obstacles did so at their peril.

(D) Under feudalism, all land was considered property of the

king. (E) Still, not all visitors came with hostile intentions.

32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentence 6 and

7 (reproduced below)?

In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts that medieval castles did not

offer. These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters in instead.

(A) Because medieval castles had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters,

royal palaces offered many more comforts than could be found there.

(B) Lacking many comforts compared to royal palaces, medieval castles

instead offered dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters.

(C) While medieval castles offered only dark dungeons and damp, drafty

living quarters, many comforts were to be found in royal palaces.

(D) Unlike medieval castles, royal palaces offered many comforts not found in

dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters.

(E) With their dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, medieval

castles offered few of the comforts to be found in royal palaces.

33. Which of the following would most appropriately be inserted at the beginning

of sentence 9?

(A) Actually,

(B) Basically,

(C) Ironically,

(D) By contrast

(E) In retrospect,

34. which of the following sentences would best be inserted between sentence 11 and

12?

(A) But not all castles can be considered obsolete.

(B) Elsewhere, the environment may be a factor.

(C) However, many travelers prefer to avoid such “tourist traps”.

(D) Others crumble away in relative obscurity.

(E) Besides, appearances are often misleading.

35. which of the following sentences would most effectively be placed after sentence

12 ?

(A) In the final analysis, palaces are actually little more than luxurious castles.

(B) There, medieval austerity stands in bold relief against a background of

modern comfort.

(C) The decline of the castle’s importance as an architectural form coincided with

the transformation of medieval society.

(D) In the United States, imposing structures like Hearst’s Castle are not really

castles in the strictest sense of the world.

(E) Eilean Donan Castle was named for a 7th-century saint who lived as a hermit

in the Scottish Highlands.

练 习 讲 解1. D e s p i t e ( A ) its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette l o s t ( B ) 70 percent of

its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, was l o s i n g ( C ) a s m u c h a s(D) $200,000 a year. No e rr o r ( E ) (06.1,29)

2. Africa’s Kanem empire, after e n du r i n g f o r ( A ) over a thousand years, i s ( B ) believed to have fallen i n t o d ec li ne ( C ) when trade centers s h i f t ( D) outside its boundaries. No e rr o r ( E ) (06.5, 25)

3. Although the precise date and place of the origin of baseball are h ot l y d e b a t e d ( A ) , it is b e y o n d d i s pu t e ( B ) that the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn p l a y ( C ) an important role in i t s ( D) early development. N o e r r or ( E ) ( Online Course 4，Section 5, 24)

4. O f a n c i e n t o r i g i n ( A ) , the game of checkers w a s p l a y e d ( B ) in Egypt du r i n g t h e t im e ( C ) of the pharaohs and i s m e n t i o n e d ( D) in the writings of Homer and Plato.No er ro r (E ) ( Online Course 5，Section 6, 28)

5. Jean Toomer was n o t o n l y ( A ) the author of Cane, a novel whose publication h a s b e e n v i e w e d ( B ) a s m a r k i ng ( C ) the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also a respected advisor a m o n g Qu a k e r s ( D ) . N o e r r o r ( E ) ( Online Course 6，Section 5, 18)

6. Because the garden was u n t e n d e d ( A ) , the windows h a d n o ( B ) shutters, and the lawn o v e rr un ( C ) by weeds, people p a s s i ng by ( D ) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied. No e r r or ( E ) (06, 1 section 3, 17)

7. Because the American Indian Rodeo includes games and exhibitions developed a s ea r l y a s ( A ) the seventeenth century, t h e y p r e d a t e ( B ) by ( C ) a few hundred years t h e f o r m ( D ) of rodeo now seen on television. No e r r o r ( E ) (06, 1 section 3, 27)

8. Many jazz enthusiasts w o u l d h a ve to a d m i t ( A ) that t h e i r h a v i ng ( B ) un j u s t l y o v e r l oo k e d ( C ) the music of Bennie Nawahi, w h o p o pu l a r i ze d ( D) the Hawaiian steel guitar sound in the early 1930’s. No e r r o r ( E ) (08, 1, 13)

9. I n a d d i t i o n to ( A ) b e i n g ( B ) a talented pianist and composer, Bela Bartok was a r e s p ec t e d ( C ) musicologist w h o w r o t e ( D) several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian folk music. No e r r or (E ) (OC -4 –S5 -15)

10. It was obvious that all of the candidates had planned ca r e f u lly ( A ) for the televised debate, f o r eac h ( B ) a n s w e r to ( C ) the opening question showed evidence of h a v i ng b e e n ( D) rehearsed. No e r r or ( E ) (08-1-S7-25)

11. People were trained to p e r f o r m ( A ) one tiny part of one process in one

department of one industry, and so h a v i n g ( B ) no sense o f ( C ) the process a s a w h o l e ( D ) . No e r r or (E ) (OC -2 –S6-15)

12. Unlike h e r ( A ) best friend Margie, m a k i ng ( B ) the varsity soccer team a s ( C ) a freshman, Jill d i d n o t ( D) make the team until her junior year. No e r r o r ( E ) (OC -4 –S5- 23)

13. T h a t ( A ) I h a ve l i tt l e i n t e r e s t ( B ) in art is not the fault of my parents, t a k i n g ( C ) me to art exhibit and galleries from the time I w a s ( D) ten years old. No e rr o r ( E ) (09-5-S6-21)

14. Du r i n g ( A ) my m o s t r ece n t ( B ) trip, I c a m e ac r o s s ( C ) a wonderful antique store w a n d e r i ng ( D) in the old quarter of the city. No e rr o r ( E ) (07-5-16)

15. Quincy took Dan to Derek’s home f o r a v i s i t ( A ) , n e v e r im a g i ng ( B ) that five years w ou l d p a s s ( C ) before s e e i n g ( D) Derek again. No e r r o r ( 08-5, section 6, 29)

16. D e t e r mi n e d ( A ) to make a name f o r h e r s e lf ( B ) a s a w r i t e r ( C ) of short stories, Helen never submits anything to an editor until r e v i s i ng ( D) it several times. No e r r o r ( E ) (09-5-S6-25)

17. The Roman poet Virgil is h i g h l y e s t e e m e d ( A ) today for his epic poem, The Aeneid, y e t ( B ) on his deathbed he himself s o ug h t ( C ) to prevent its publication on the grounds o f n o t b e i n g ( D) sufficiently polished. No e r r or ( E ) (09-5-S6-29)

18. The Stegosaurus, p l a n t - e a t i n g d i n o s a u r s ( A ) with p r o t e c t i v e ( B ) bony plates and tail spikes, was o n c e c o m m o n i n ( C ) what is n o w ( D) Colorado.N o e r r o r ( E ) (OC -2 –S6 -16)

19. Long t h o ug h t o f a s ( A ) a q u i t e , s t u f f y p l a c e ( B ) where p e o p l e ( C ) just borrowed books, libraries h a v e b e e n c h a n g i ng ( D) their images dramatically over the last few years. No e r r o r ( E ) (OC -6 –S5 -28)

20. I have gone t o ( A ) o n l y o n e ( B ) football game a f t e r ( C ) I g r a du a t e d ( D ) from high school. No e r r or (E ) ( Online Course 3，Section 4, 27)

21. W h e n (A) recipes for iced tea a pp ea r e d i n (B) a f e w (C) late nineteenth century cookbooks, the drink did not b ec o m e p o p u l a r ( D) until the 1904 World’s Fair. No e r r o r ( E ) (08-5, S6, 23)

22. Among birds t h a t f o r a ge ( A ) in tree trunks, nuthatches are the only ones that r e g u l a r l y f ee d ( B ) with their heads facing downward, w h e n t h e y o f t e n f i nd ( C ) food in bark crevices o v e r l oo k e d i n ( D) their upward search. No e r r o r (Online Course 5, section 6, 25)

23. Not m a ny ( A ) authors h a ve d e s c r i b e d ( B ) the effects of environmental pollution a s e f f ec t i ve a s ( C ) Rachel Carson, whose work is still a m o d e l f o r ( D) nature writers. N o e r r o r ( E ) (06.1,21)

24. Some experts say t h a t o f a l l ( A ) the musical forms that constituted African music in the second h a lf o f t h e ( B ) twentieth century, Congolese rumba and its rambunctious offspring, soukous, w e r e ( C ) the m o r e ( D) influential. No e r r or ( E ) (09-1-S6-19)

25. I t w a s ( A ) a Chinese American grower who finally succeeded w i t h a d a p t i n g ( B )

the n o w f a mil i a r ( C ) orange tree to ( D) the American climate. No e r r or (E ) (06.1, 22)

26. Five years in t h e w r i t i ng ( A ) , her new book is b o th a r e s p o n s e ( B ) to her critics’ mistrust w i t h ( C ) her earlier findings and a n e l a b o r a t i o n ( D) of her original thesis. No e r r o r ( E ) (06.1, 28)

27. Opp o s i t e to ( A ) most people I know, Annie, a good photographer h e r s e lf ( B ) , actually enjoys s e e i ng ( C ) the photographs that her friends take o n t h e i r ( D) vacations. No e r r o r ( E ) (06.5, 26)

28. When the village elders p r e s e n t ( A ) recommendations, t h e r e i s ( B ) h a r d l y e v e r ( C ) any opposition a g a i n s t ( D) their proposals. No e r r or ( E ) ( Online Course 3，Section 4, 29)

29. A t ( A ) the reception w e r e ( B ) the c h a tt e r i n g ( C ) guests, the three-tiered cake, and the lively music that have become c h a r ac t e r i s t i c o f ( D) many wedding celebrations. No e r r or (E ) (06.5, 29)

30. Not very particular i n ( A ) nesting s i t e s ( B ) , house wrens m a y n e s t ( C ) in birdhouses, mailboxes, building crevices—even in the pockets o f ( D) hanging laundry. No e r r or (E ) (06.5, 28)

31. Mediators were standing by, prepared t o i n t e r v e ne i n ( A ) the labor dispute e v e n t h o ugh ( B ) both sides h a d r e f u s e d ( C ) earlier offers f o r ( D) assistance. No e r r or (E ) (07.1, 26)

32. At a time w h e n ( A ) interest in twentieth-century classical music s ee m s ( B ) on the verge to d i s a pp e a r ( C ) , the avant-garde compositions of the 1960s and 1970s m a n a ge ( D) to retain their popularity. No e r r o r ( E ) (07.10, 25)

33. A powerful a d v o ca t e to ( A ) equal rights, Belva Lockwood w a s ( B ) twice a candidate for President long before the Nineteenth Amendment to t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n ( C ) allowed w o m e n to ( D) vote. N o e r r o r ( E ) (07.10, 26)

34. Annual visitors to ( A ) New York City’s Central Park n u m b e r ( B ) a l m o s t ( C ) ten times t h a t o f M o u n t R u s h m o r e ( D ) . N o e r r or ( E ) (07.10, 28)

35. To insist that a poem means whatever o n e ( A ) w a n t s i t ( B ) to mean is often i g n o r i n g ( C ) the intention and e v e n ( D) the words of the poets. N o e r r or (E ) (07.10, 29)

36. T o s t a n d i n ( A ) Persepolis in modern Iran and look out, as Darius the First must h a v e d o n e ( B ) , at the immense sweep of f i e l ds a nd m o u n t a i ns ( C ) i s t o g r a s p ( D ) the vastness of the ancient Persian Empire. No e r r or ( E ) (08-10-S5-25)

37. The seven-month-old baby was considered precocious t o h e r f a mily ( A ) because she was a l r ea d y a b l e ( B ) to grasp tiny items d e l i ca t e l y ( C ) b e t w ee n h e r t h u m b ( D) and forefinger. No e r r or ( E ) (08.1, 28)

38. Chess players find that playing against a computer is helpful t o im p r o v e ( A ) t h e i r ( B ) skills, e v e n t h o ugh ( C ) no chess-playing computer has yet w o n ( D) a championship. No e r r or ( Online Course 1，Section 7, 20)

39. B y ( A ) the early 1920s, Louis Armstrong recorded h i s f i r s t ( B ) solos as a member of King Oliver ’s Creole Jazz Band in s u c h p i e c e s a s ( C ) “Chimes Blues” and “Tears”, wh i c h ( D) he composed with pianist Lil Hardin. No e r r or ( E )

( Online Course 5，Section 6, 29)40. A gray owl f l y i ng l o w ( A ) across a forest clearing, its w i n g s b ea t i n g ( B ) quietly

and its ultrasensitive ears turned to the f a i n t s o unds ( C ) made by small c r ea t u r e s c o n ce a l e d ( D) under leaves. No e r r or ( E ) ( 09-5-S4-24)

41. Built from 1609 to 1617 to r i v a l ( A ) the Hagia Sophia, Isanbul’s Sultanahmet Mosque w a s c e l e b r a t e d ( B ) not so much for its architecture b ut b eca u s e o f ( C ) the exquisite blue tiles that a d o r n e d i t s ( D) interior. N o e r r o r ( E ) ( 09-5-S4-27)

42. In 1991 Burmese military officials arrested dissident political leader Aung San Suu Kyi, t h e r e b y ( A ) p r e v e n t i n g ( B ) her f r o m l e a vi n g ( C ) Burma f o r acce p t i n g ( D) the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo. No e rr o r ( E ) (09-01-S6-20)

1. All species of sea turtles are endangered because o f o v e r h a r v e s t i n g o f a d u l t s , t h e i r e ggs b e i ng d i s t u r b e d a n d d e s t r u c t i o n o f n e s t i n g h a b i t a t s . (06-10-S10-12)A. of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting

habitatsB. of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting

habitatsC. the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting

habitatsD. the adults are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats

are destroyedE. being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction

of nesting habitats

2. Du r i n g t h e F o u r t h o f J u ly w ee k e n d i n 1947 , about six million people crowded onto the beach and into the amusements at Coney Island, “American’s Playground, inBrooklyn, New York. （06，1，Section10，3）A. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947B. It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 thatC. The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947 was whenD. The Fourth of July weekend in 1947E. Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July weekend

3. Across the southern surface of the Moon’s far s ide s p r a w l s a n a s t e r o i d - im p a c t c r a t e r ,1,600 miles wide and 8 miles deep, called the Aitken Basin. A. side sprawls an asteroid-impact crater,B. side there sprawls an asteroid-impact crater, it isC. side, a sprawling asteroid-impact crater,D. side, an asteroid-impact crater that sprawlsE. side, sprawl an asteroid-impact crater,

4. A l t h o ugh t h e ca n d i d a t e p r o mi s e d b ot h to c u t t a x e s a n d im p r o v e s e r v i c e s , h e failed to keep either of them after the election. ( Online Course 1，Section 7, 9)A. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, heB. The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,C. Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and to improve services, heD. Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidateE. The candidate’s promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he

5. You cannot expect to treat your friends badly a nd n o o n e n ot i ce s . ( Online Course 1，Section 7, 3)A. and no one noticesB. and have no one noticeC. without notice by someoneD. without notice by no oneE. without the result of somebody noticing

6. The psychologist states that most people want the same things: i n t e r e s t i n g a n d m e a n i n g f u l w o r k, r e s p ec t, a n d to h a ve t h e m t o b e l o v e d f o r t h e m s e l v e s a l o n e . ( OnlineCourse 2，Section 6, 4 )A. interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to have them to be loved for themselves aloneB. to have interesting and meaningful work, respect, and loved for themselves aloneC. work that has interest and is meaningful, to have respect, and to be loved for themselves aloneD. interesting and meaningful work, respect, and their own loveE. to have interesting and meaningful work, to be respected, and to be loved for themselves alone

7. Once American films looked slick and commercial compared to European imports;n o w , a l m o s t t h e r e v e r s e i s t r u e . ( Online Course 2，Section 6, 8 )A. now, almost the reverse is trueB. now, they are almost the reverseC. instead, there is almost a reversal now D. now it is almost the reverse that is true E. it has now been almost reversed

8. a t h e r t h a n t e m p o r a r y j o b s l i ke n o w . ( Online Course 2，Section 10, 5 ) A. break rather than temporary jobs like nowB. break instead of temporary jobs like nowC. break; now they take temporary jobsD. break; instead, students are taking temporary jobsE. break, but now it is temporary jobs

9. The tiles are sorted not only by their surface appearance but also acc o r d i n g to t h e i r h a r d n e s s a n d t h e i r ca p a c i t y o f c o n du c t i n g h ea t . ( Online Course 3，Section 4,

9 )A. according to their hardness and their capacity of conducting heat B. according to their hardness and of their heat-conducting capacity C. by their hardness and if they have the capacity for heat conduction D. by their hardness and their capacity for conducting heatE. by their hardness and capacity in heat conduction

10. In Alaska, the ground is riddled with ice wedges, many quite ancient, caused by t h e c o l d ea r t h c r ac ks and the cracks fill with water. (08-5-S6-8)A. by the cold earth cracksB. by the cold earth crackingC. when the cold earth cracksD. where they crack the cold earthE. through the cold earth cracking