2009 tomic koludrovic and petric croatia transition
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
DIVIDED SOCIETIES XII: Building up the Polities; The Balkans
IUC Dubrovnik, April 24., 2009
Polity in a Divided Post-Transitional Society:
The Case of Croatia
Inga Tomić-Koludrović & Mirko Petrić
Department of SociologyUniversity of Zadar
Building up the Polities ↓
implication = “destroyed” or “weak”
/ i.e. need to be built/
the “Balkans”↓
means different things to different people
but consensus = that polities there fit the description of
“destroyed” or “weak”
/historically & at present/
competing terms/ geo-political conceptions /
the Balkans
South East Europe
Western Balkans
Adriatic Europe
former Yugoslavia/+ Albania/
---------------------- every term tells a story
the “post-socialist” countries?
the keyword = “diversity”------------------------------------------------
culture
religion /traditional matrices/
value systems
ethnic composition
political systems (now & in the past)
levels of economic development
----------------------------------------------
vary across countries, subregions, regions
the post-socialist “transition”------------------------------------------------
measured by the yardstick of fulfilling EU accession criteria
↓
expressed exclusively in political, economic & legal terms
/society & culture = left out /----------------------------------------------
the post-socialist “transition”------------------------------------------------
the “Copenhagen criteria” (1993)↓
(1) the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy(2) the existence of the functional market economy
(3) the ability of the candidate country to take over the
responsibilities of membership
Eu Council meeting in Madrid (1995) ↓
(4) the adjusting of the administrative and judiciary structures to fit the EU norms
(so that the Copenhagen criteria can be successfully implemented)
Croatia = entering “mature transition”------------------------------------------------
next to a EU member / failed state index country
Croatia------------------------------------------------
= a post-transitional country ↓
/ in social terms /
new social arrangements = stabilized
after a succession of various sorts of crises
Croatia------------------------------------------------
1990s ↓
winners : losers
new elites war veterans (political. industrial workers
& women economic) youth youth youth
. retired people ………… . youth
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
2000 - 2009 ↓
exposure to a new kind of risks
increasing global integration
------------------------------------------------------------(started in the second half of the 1990s,but now with visible consequences at the
level of everyday life)
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
1990s ↓
the wars of Yugoslav succession
privatization (“chaotic” / “criminal”) of the former public (“socially owned”) property
“an odd symbiosis of market absolutism and the perception of the ethno-national state as an
unmistakable, almost divine entity” (Katunarić, 1997)------------------------------------------------------------
- president Tudjman’s vision of 200 Croatian capitalist families
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
second half of the 1990s ↓
successive privatizations
banksnational telecommunications system
entry of foreign media ownership------------------------------------------------------------
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
2000 - 2009 ↓
gradual EU integration
constant growth of foreign debt----------------------------------
1993: 3,5 billion $2000 : 10 billion $
2009 : 37 + billion $
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
accelleration of history ↓
1992 : nationhood2011 (projected) : EU membership
---------------------------------
from a “belated nation” to supra-national integration
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
consequences of accelleration ↓
culture lag
(& social as well)+
unexpected / non-standard outcomes---------------------------------
indicator : co-existense & confusion of various sets of values
(premodern – modern – postmodern)
Croatia ------------------------------------------------
parallel unfolding of two modernities ↓
in Ulrich Beck’s sense of the terms1st & 2nd modernity
simple & reflexive
--------------------------------
Tomić-Koludrović (1999 )
.
---------------------------------------------
Croatia ---------------------------------------------------
shares with other East European (& ex-YU) countries
↓
a post-socialist transitionin conditions of
globalization &
liquid modernity (Bauman)
Croatia : specificities ---------------------------------------------------
different from other East European
countries ↓
Yugoslav-style socialism
(openess, freedom to travel, elements of the market-place,consumer goods available, some liberal values)
/ positive & negative aspects /
Croatia : specificities ---------------------------------------------------
different from other ex-YU countries
↓
“Tradition”(cultural & social, institutional past)
+
elements of socialist modernization
/ outcomes of the encounter of such a tradition /
:-
Croatia : values---------------------------------------------------
Yugoslav-wide survey of youth
(late 1980s – Communist Party funded)
↓
interpretation of results (M. Ule, 1988 )
based on R.Inglehart’s survival & self-expression values
&U. Beck’s postmaterialist values (ecology),
individualist values
Yugoslav-wide youth values survey---------------------------------------------------postmaterialist & individualist values
↓
Slovenia, Croatia (consistently)+
selected cities in N. Serbia(Belgrade – Novi Sad)
Yugoslav-wide youth values survey---------------------------------------------------
the rest of Yugoslavia↓
traditional values + high on authoritarian index
low acceptance of entrepreneurial values
turn of the century Croatia---------------------------------------------------
some students in Zagreb as high on authoritarian index
as youth in Kragujevac (Serbia)in the late 1980s survey
(the highest in then-Yugoslavia)
--------------------------------------------
what happened?
“transitional” Croatia---------------------------------------------------
the beginning of 1990s – outbreak of war ↓
homogenization, retraditionalization
a sort of “counter-secularization”
--------------------------------------------
what happened?
Croatia : outcomes of retraditionalization etc---------------------------------------------------
↓
low generalized trust
trust in the institutions of Catholic church = highest
but
values of church-goers = contradict Catholic morality
--------------------------------------------values : confusion
/ N.B. not “postmodern sampling” but “divided” within a person /
polity : policy ---------------------------------------------------
polity (in senses ranging from“political community” to
the unit of an “organized society”)
=“destroyed” or “weak”/ i.e. needs to be built/
-----------------------------------------------------------“building up” policy
polity : community ---------------------------------------------------
community (of interest to sociologists)
↓
missing element of identification(Bauman)
-----------------------------------------------------------present in war-time and years of nationalist
homogenization
now missing
polity ---------------------------------------------------
community ↓
political institutions
civil society
-----------------------------------------------------------
polity ---------------------------------------------------
regression to pre-political
↓
socialist legacy+ legacy of 1990s nationalism
+ neo-liberal ideology
building up polities ---------------------------------------------------
what is to be done?
policy aspects
-----------------------------------------
what would you do?