2009.07.09 integrated facad design mark perepelitza
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Research made possible, in part, by a Van Evera Bailey Fellowship awarded by
The Van Evera and Janet M. Bailey Fund of the Oregon Community Foundation,
in collaboration with the Architecture Foundation of Oregon
Portland Building Enclosure Council / 9 July 2009 / Mark Perepelitza
integrated facadesg per ormance nnova ons rom or ern urope
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basic remise
- protect / connecta fundamental aspect of building is to create shelter but we also need to
- rather than relying on energy consuming mechanical systems to create
comfortable interior environments, the building envelope can manageeating, coo ing, venti ation, an ig ting
- this is a very old approach to building, but its ,
that generate as much as they consume
- climate/energy situationro e o ui ings
- temperate Pacific NW climate has great potential ,
but have also developed advanced strategies
- exterior weather conditions and interior demands are not static, building
enve ope nee s to e a e to respon to ynam c eman s
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addressin human needs
- thermal comfort (temperature and humidity)
- fresh air
- goo ay g t ng eve sa equate g t w t manage g are v sua com ort
- visual connectionsinto and out of buildings
- acoustics
- Northern European approach to addressing human needssupports premisealso shown in observed design strategies
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climate context
warm desert climate
cold desert climate
cold semi-arid climate
warm mediterranean climate
cool continental climate
cold continental climate
warm continental climate / humid continental climate
temperate continental climate / humid continental climate
empera e me erranean c ma e
warm oceanic climate / humid subtropical climate
temperate oceanic climate
cool oceanic climate
warm con nen a c ma e um con nen a c ma e
temperate continental climate / humid continental climate
cool continental climate / subarctic climate
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case study building
deutsche post towerBonn, Germany
high transparency + high performance
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case study building
deutsche post towerBonn, Germany
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case study building
Location: Bonn, Germany Date of completion: 2002
Architect: Murphy/JahnBuilding use: Corporate office headquartersFloor area: 65,323 m2 (gross)
Floor levels: 40 (+3 for mechanical)Facade en ineer: DS PlanEnergy concept: TranssolarLighting consultant: L-PlanMechanical consultant: Brandi Consult GmbHFacade system: Permasteelisa in collaboration with Gartner
Energy use data: 100 kWh/m2/yr (predicted for services & lighting)
Interviews and tour: 25 June 2008, Petra Scheerer, Visitor Services7 u y 2008, omas uer, ransso ar
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case study building
deutsche postBonn, Germany
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case study building
deutsche post towerBonn, Germany
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observations desi n strate ies
1. massing / orientation2. window to wall ratio
orm an sur ace exp ora ons o use ransparency s ra eg ca ysolid/void interplay
3. scrims, screens, and frits
multi-layer assemblies or on surface of insulated glass unit
4. fixed exterior shading horizontal and vertical
5. technological daylighting strategies
6. dynamic exterior solar controlmanual and automated louvers and blinds
7. natural ventilation
8. double skin facades (2nd generation)mprove nsu at on, s a ng n cav ty
9. semi- or un-conditioned atriums
- app ca y or c ma e an pro ec ype
- combinations and variations
- performance potential and issues associated with each strategy
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massing / orientationesign o servation 1
SOKA BAUWiesbaden
Germany
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Housing Amsterdam
window to wall ratioesign o servation 2
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window to wall ratiodesign observation 2
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Philological Library Berlin
window to wall ratiodesign observation 2
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scrims / screens / fritsesign o servation 3
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scrims / screens / fritsdesign observation 3
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xe s a ngdesign observation 4
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design observation 5
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operable
design observation 6German vernacular windows
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operable shadingdesign observation 6
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operable shadingdesign observation 6
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operable shadinges gn o servat on
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vernacular windows Copenhagen
ventilationdesign observation 7
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operable window systems baseline for German office buildings
natural ventilationesign o servation 7
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double skin facadesdesi n observation 8
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semi-conditioned atriumdesi n observation 9
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transparency
energy data generated by COMFEN utilizing EnergyPlus for 20 foot deep perimeter zone in Portland, Oregon climate conditions
the idealized case assumes minimal loss/gain at opaque walls and does not include natural ventilation
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operable exterior solar control
Effective Applicationsp
- although significant barriers are known including cost, durability, andmaintenance for some configurations, dynamic facade strategies have the
otential for si nificant erformance advanta es over static s stems
- performance varies by climate, orientation, building type, and building scale
- to be justified, benefits must outweigh issues
Anticipated Performance Benefits
-
- human factors thermal and visual comfort,
visual connections- program requirements and design intentions
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Evaluating Effectiveness Study Parameters
operable exterior solar control
g y
- simulation tool: COMFEN 2.1 / EnergyPlus 3.0
- output: annual and peak energy use
-view windows from 3 to 8 ft above floor
daylight window from 8 to 11.5 ft above floorwindow-to-wall ratio: 60%
- space mens ons
13 ft floor-to-floor15 ft wide x 30 ft deep
- four facade configurationscase 1: automated exterior venetian blinds
case 2: fixed 30 inch exterior horizontalshade + case 3
case 3: automated interior blinds in
Example of COMFEN monthly energy results
ay g zone casecase 4: (baseline) manual interior venetian blinds fixed at 45
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Parametric Study Preliminary Results
operable exterior solar control
y y
- relative values are telling, not absolute values
- simulation of dynamic systems are challenging due to numerous
variables includin control s stems
Ext. auto blinds Improvementfrom base caseth
35% 34%
.
Int. auto DL blindsInt. manual blinds
Sou
27% 26%
Ext. auto blindst 45% 38% .Int. auto DL blinds
Int. manual blindsWe
21% 19%
Houston Minneapolis
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advanced lazin frames
Overall Window System Thermal Resistance
- U-value for t ical to ver ood U.S. aluminum with thermal break:0.50 to 0.35 (R-2 to 3) Btu/hr ft2 F
- European U-value range: 0.24 to 0.21 (R-4 to 5)
- Next eneration 2 ears? : 0.12 R-8 Btu/hr ft2 F
Frame Materials
- T ical: aluminum with thermal break
- Improved: wood (U-0.19 to 0.12) Btu/hr ft2 Ffiber reinforced polymers (FRP)
Glazing Assemblies
- Typical: Insulated double pane, low-e coating, air in cavity- mprove : ner gas argon or vacuum n cav y, a . e ge spacer
- Multi-pane units: glass, film, or rigid plastics
More info from LBNL
- http://windows.lbl.gov/adv_sys
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wood curtainwalldouble skin assemblies
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case studies ultra low energy buildings
Federal Environmental Agencyy
Dessau, GermanySauerbruch Hutton
Zibell, Willner, & Partner Engineers
SOKA BAUOKA BAU
Headquarters, Wiesbaden, GermanyThomas HerzogIngenieurbro Hauslauden
Arup Fitzroviarup Fitzrovia
Phase 2 Headquarters LondonSheppard Robson
Wessex Water
Operations Center Bath, UKBennett ArchitectsBuro Happold
Heelis National Trust
Headquarters Swindon, UKFeilden Clegg BradleyMax Fordham
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case studies double skin buildingsHet Kasteel
Housing - AmsterdamHVDN
Deutsche Post Tower
Headquarters Bonn, GermanyMurphy Jahn Architects
Transsolar / DS Plan
PRISMA
Office Building Frankfurt, GermanyAuer Weber Architects
ransso ar
NORD/LB
Headquarters Hannover, GermanyBehnisch ArchitectsTranssolar / Ingenieurbro Gierke
Lufthansa Aviation Center
Frankfurt, GermanyIngenhoven Architects
Werner Sobek / Baumgartner / HL Technik
RWE Headquarters
Essen German
Ingenhoven ArchitectsBuro Happold / HL Technik
i
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case studies double skin buildings
London City Hall
Research Headquarters - LondonFoster & Associates
Mnchner Tor
Office building Munich, Germany
Allmann Sattler WappnerTranssolar / Schmidt Reuter Partner Office
KfW Headquarters
Frankfurt, Germany
Transsolar
Deutsche Messe
ea quar ers annover, ermanyThomas HerzogIngenieurbro Hauslauden
GSW Headquarters
BerlinSauerbruch Hutton
Arup / ARGE
di
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case studies low energy buildings
DWS Carr Mainzer LandestraeOffice / Housing - FrankfurtBothe Richter Tehrani ArchitektenIngenieurgesellschaft Ridder und Meyn
Jakob Kaiser Haus 2
Schweger + Partnerc m t euter ngen eurgese sc a t
Philological Library
BerlinFoster & AssociatesSchmidt Reuter, PIN Ingenieure
Nordic Countries Embassies
Berlinerger ar nen
IGH, Ingenieurgesellschaft Hpfner
restad College
Sports facility Copenhagen3XNSren Jensen A/S
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case s u y u ng
umweltbundesamtFederal Environmental Agency,
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case s u y u ng
umweltbundesamtFederal Environmental Agency,
case study building
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case study building
Project name: Federal Environment Agency Location: Dessau, Germany Date of completion: 2005
Architect: Sauerbruch HuttonFloor area: 40,000 m2
Floor levels: 4
Ener conce t: Zibell Willner & PartnerMechanical consultant: Zibell, Willner & PartnerFacade system: Ertte Stahl-und Metallbau GmbH
(Metal and Glass curtain wall) Brakel-Aero GmbH
Energy use data: 73.1 kWh/m2/yr (see attached energy certificate)
Interviews and tour: 1 July 2008, Heiko Weissbach, Sauerbruch Hutton Architects, Berlin3 July 2008, Birgitt Heinicke, Assistant to UBA President, Dessau
case study buildingcase study building
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case study building
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case s u y u ng
umweltbundesamt
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case s u y u ng
umweltbundesamt
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l i ?
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conclusions ?
- beyond performance, building envelopes designedto respond to dynamic interior & exterior conditions
- Northern European strategies, such as operable
exterior solar control, are relevant for the PacificNort west, ut are est use se ective y
- performance potential relies not just on well- ,
commissioning and proper operations
http://betterbricks.com/design/integratedfacades
questions / comments