ARC FLASH

Control Engineering, Inc.

Control Engineering Inc. 2306 Newport Blvd.

Costa Mesa, CA 92627Tel: 714-535-5590Fax: 714-535-0625

Control Engineering, Inc.

ARC FLASH What is Arc Flash? What can cause Arc Flash? What are the results of Arc Flash? Standards Shock and Arc Boundaries Levels of PPE Steps to performing an Arc Flash analysis

Control Engineering, Inc.

WHAT IS ARC FLASH? The NFPA defines Arc Flash as an

electrical explosion caused when current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors.

Control Engineering, Inc.

WHAT CAN CAUSE ARC FLASH? Accidents Unintentional contact with electrical

equipment (screwdriver, pliers, etc.) Equipment failure Improperly designed equipment and/or

work procedures.

Control Engineering, Inc.

WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF AF? The even release a tremendous amount of energy

in the form of: Thermal heat (up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit, that’s

almost four time the surface of the sun!!) Toxic fumes Molten metal Pressure waves Blinding light Sound waves

Extreme heat causes copper to expand 67,000 times from solid to vapor- pressure

Flying shrapnel at over 700 mph Surrounding equipment damaged or destroyed Facility shutdown

Control Engineering, Inc.

RESULTS CONTINUED Can result in serious injuries

Critical burns Fatal burns can occur at distances of 10 ft.

Collapsed lungsLoss of sightRuptured eardrumsPuncture woundsDeath!!!

Control Engineering, Inc.

ARC FLASH STANDARDS OSHA 29 CFR 1910 NEC 110.6 NFPA 70E IEEE 1584

Control Engineering, Inc.

OSHA 1910 OSHA 1910.132(d) Where work will be

performed within the flash protection boundary, the flash hazard analysis shall determine, and the employer shall document, the incident energy exposure to the worker (in cal/cm2).

OSHA 1910.269(I)(6) Flame resistant (FR) clothing and PPE shall be used by the employee based upon the incident energy exposure associated with the specific task.

Control Engineering, Inc.

NEC 110.6110.16 Flash Protection.Switchboards, panel boards, industrial

control panels, and motor control centers in other than dwelling occupancies, that are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.

Control Engineering, Inc.

NFPA 70E NFPA 70E-2000 Part II Chapter 2,

paragraph 2-1.3.3 states that arc-flash analysis must be performed in order to determine the level of hazard and appropriate PPE for given tasks.

Control Engineering, Inc.

NEW NFPA 70E UPDATES NFPA 70E 110.6(E)-requires that all

training be documented and employees must show proficiency.

NFPA 70E 130.3(C)-AF labels to include, at a minimum, the AF Incident Energy or Level of PPE.

Changes to Hazard Category 1 PPE-4 Calories or more for Pants and Face Shield that attaches to Hard Hat.

New exception verifies that 240V and less power systems fed by a single transformer less than 125 kv no longer require AF Analysis.

Control Engineering, Inc.

CEI 13

SHOCK AND ARC BOUNDARIES

CEI 14

TYPICAL EQUIPMENT LABEL

CEI 15

LIMITS OF APPROACH – FLASH PROTECTION BOUNDARY

Energized part

Prohibited Restricted Limited

• The distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an arc flash were to occur.

• Arc flash PPE is required within this boundary.

• Note: Distance may be less than or greater than the shock protection boundaries.

Calculated distance

Flash Protection Boundary

CEI 16

LIMITS OF APPROACH – LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY

Energized panel

(<750V)

Prohibited Restricted Limited

3 feet 6 inches for 480V

The closest distance an “unqualified” person can approach, unless escorted by a “qualified” person.

CEI 17

LIMITS OF APPROACH – RESTRICTED APPROACH

BOUNDARY

Energized part

Prohibited Restricted The closest distance to exposed live parts a “qualified” person can approach w/out proper PPE and tools.

To cross this boundary, the qualified person must wear PPE and have proper tools.

12 inches for 480 volts

CEI 18

LIMITS OF APPROACH - SHOCK

Energized part

Prohibited

Crossed ONLY by a “qualified” person, which when crossed by body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact was made with the live part.

1 inch for 480 volts

CEI 19

LEVELS OF PPE

Hazard Risk Category 1

Hazard Risk Category 2

Hazard Risk Category 3

Hazard Risk Category 4Hazard Risk

Category 0

CATEGORY 0(UP TO 1.2 CAL/CM2)

Shirt (Long-Sleeve)

Pants (Long) Safety Glasses V-Rated Gloves Insulated Tools

Control Engineering, Inc.

CATEGORY 1 (1.3 UP TO 4.0 CAL/CM2)

Shirt (Long-Sleeve) FR

Pants (Long) FR Face Shield FR V-Rated Gloves Hearing Protection Insulated Tools Hard Hat FR Leather Work

ShoesControl Engineering, Inc.

CATEGORY 2 (4.0 UP TO 8.0 CAL/CM2)

Category 1 Requirements plus

Extra Layer of Untreated Natural fiber (Shirt & Pants)

Leather Work Shoes

Control Engineering, Inc.

CATEGORY 3 (8 UP TO 25 CAL/CM2)

Category 2 Requirements plus

Coveralls up to 2 Sets

Double Layer Switching Hood

Hearing Protection

Control Engineering, Inc.

CATEGORY 4 (HIGHER THAN 25 CAL/CM2)

Category 3 Requirementsplus

Flash Suit

Control Engineering, Inc.

BEST WAY TO PREVENT HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY……..

Avoid energized circuits is the Safest Way!

STOP Before taking any actionTHINK In terms of Risks and HazardsOPTIONS LOTO Lock Out Tag OutPROTECTION Proper PPE

ARC FLASH ANALYSIS STEPS

FIELD VERIFICATION AND AUDIT

SINGLE LINE DRAWINGS

SYSTEM MODELING

ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

SAFETY PROGRAM ITEGRATION AND TRAINING

Control Engineering, Inc.

FIELD VERIFICATION AND AUDIT

Engineering Support of Electrical Staff PPE Utility Company and Grid Data Transformers, Generators Switchgears and MCCs High Voltage Relays, Circuit Breakers Conductors CTs, Load data

Control Engineering, Inc.

Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS Verify existing diagrams

Add or remove components where applicable

Update existing devices

Can you Import From / Export To ACAD?

Control Engineering, Inc.

Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.

SYSTEM MODELING Generate Model Using Software Program

(Etap, SKM, ArcAd, ArcPro) Based on Field Verified Single Diagrams and Data

Use Libraries for Component Characteristics

Verify Model Integrity Using Load Flow Analysis

Optional Short Circuit Analysis and Coordination Studies

Control Engineering, Inc.

LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Control Engineering, Inc.

SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Control Engineering, Inc.

ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

Control Engineering, Inc.

Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.Control Engineering, Inc.

ARC FLASH

Calculate Incident Energy Cal/cm2 Review Risk Category Reports Labeling Requirements Approach Boundaries Class of PPE Printing and Installing Labels Reports and Recommendations Safety Program Integration and Training

Control Engineering, Inc.

REPORTS GENERATED

Control Engineering, Inc.

POP QUIZ

What is wrong with this label? Wrong hazard category

level of PPE is required? Category 1

What is meant by the limited approach? The closest distance an “unqualified” person can

approach, unless escorted by a “qualified” person. What is meant by the prohibited approach?

Crossed ONLY by a “qualified” person, which when crossed by body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact was made with the live part.