2010 chapter 13 european explorers
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 13Chapter 13 European ExplorersEuropean Explorers
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Chapter Summary
Europeans risked
dangerous oceanvoyages to discovernew sea routes.
Spain and Portugalcontrol the NewWorld
Early Europeanexplorers soughtgold in Africa, thenbegan to tradeslaves.
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Motives and Means 1500-1800 Dynamic
Energy in Europe leads
to European Expansion
Why would theyrisk so much toexplore?
The 3 Gs:
God
Gold
Glory
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The Portuguese
Southern coast of Africa along the Atlantic =
The Gold Coast
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The Portuguese = look to roundAfrica to return from India with Spices
In 1488, BartholomeuDias rounded the tip of Africa
looking for a route to India.
Vasco da Gamarounded the tip
ofAfrica andsailed on to theport of Calcuttain India in 1498.
He took on a cargo ofspices and returned tomake a profit of severalthousand percent.
DIAS
da Gama
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Da Gamas Ship
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What Did Columbus Look Like?
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Spanish Sail West & Voyage to Americas
As the Portuguese sailedeast to reach the sourceof the spice trade, theSpanish sailed west tofind it.
Italian ChristopherColumbus sails forSpain.
4 voyages believeshe reaches the Indies
Opposing viewpoints page 410
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The VoyageThe Voyage
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Video: Age of Exploration- Race for Riches
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Voyages to the Americas (cont.)
Both Spain and
Portugal feared theother would claimsome of its newlydiscovered
territories. In the 1494 Treaty ofTordesillas, they decided ona north-to-south line through the
Atlantic Ocean and theeasternmost part of South
America.
Portugal claimed the unexploredterritories east of the line, Spain
to the west.
Like the modern Space Race
European Nations were in a race
to find new territories.
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Spanish Win the Treaty:
They get the bestOf the deal
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Voyages to the Americas (cont.)
Amerigo Vespucci Italian
Explorer, Navigator, andCartographer.
Wrote letters of the NewWorld.
The European publiclearned about the newlydiscovered continent of the
Americas for the first time Led to the use of his first
name Americus in LatinforAmericas
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The Conquistadors - Spanish Explorers
Cortes, Pizarro -
examples of Conquistadors Forced labor of NativeAmericans led to the
cruel treatment
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Video: Francisco Pizzaro
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Voyages to the Americas (cont.)
Disease Ravages Native Americans
Smallpox, Measles, TyphusHispaniola pop. 250,000 in 1492
pop. 500 in 1538
Mexico pop. 25 Million in 1519
pop. 1Million in 1630
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Measles
Typhus
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Commerce & Trade
Mercantilism set
of principles thatdominated economicthought in the 17th
century.
Prosperity depends onsupply of bullion gold &
silver
Balance ofTrade diffbetween what a nationimports and exports
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Mercantilism
The prosperity of a nation isdependent upon its supply ofcapital, and that the globalvolume of international trade is"unchangeable".
Economic assets (or capital) arerepresented by bullion (gold,silver, and trade value) held bythe state, which is best increased
through a positive and healthybalance of trade with othernations (exports minus imports).
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Europeans Needed Cheap Labor
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Slave Trade The Middle
Passage name
for the transportof slaves fromAfrica to America.
Africans originallybrought to thenew world tosupply labor forsugarplantations
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The Middle Passage: Drawings by Tom Feelings
March 12 - December 3, 2000
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Video: Slave Trade
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Video: The Triangular Trade: Growth of European Slave Trade
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Triangular TradeTriangular Trade
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Triangular TradeTriangular Trade