2010 Space Telescope Science InstituteCalibration Workshop

Cover page and artwork designed by Pam Jeffries. The multi-color image of Omega Centau-rus was obtained during the Service Mission Observatory Verificiation (SMOV) after SM4.It is a composite of data obtained with the WFC3 UVIS channel, using the F814W, F606W,F438W, F336W, F275W and F225W filters. The COS spectrum (upper) is of 30 Dor016, amassive O2-type star. This star was observed as part of the SMOV, using the G130M andG160M gratings in the COS Far UV channel. A STIS spectrum of HDE 2699810, a neartwin, is also shown (lower). These COS data were published by Evans et al. 2010, ApJ 715,L74.

The 2010 STScI Calibration Workshop

Hubble after SM4

Preparing JWST

Proceedings of a Workshop held at theSpace Telescope Science Institute

Baltimore, Maryland

21-23 July 2010

Edited by Susana Deustua and Cristina Oliveira

Published and distributed by the Space Telescope Science Institute

3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

iii

For Rodger E. Doxsey

The proceedings of this workshop are dedicated to the memory of Rodger E. Doxsey, cham-pion of the Hubble Space Telescope and former Head of the Hubble Mission Office at theSpace Telescope Science Institute. Rodger’s tireless efforts to ensure that Hubble remain atthe forefront of astronomical research by constantly improving upon the quality of sciencedata calibrations challenged and inspired us all. Though we miss him dearly, we carry onwith this tradition of Hubble data improvements and share that information with you inthis volume, just as he would have wanted.

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixThe Organizing Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xParticipant List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Part 1. Workshop Schedule

Workshop Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Part 2. Invited and Contributed Talks

The Legacy of the Hubble Space Telescope Spectrographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Science Capabilities fo the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10The On-Orbit Performance of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . 11COS FUV Flat Fields and Signal-to-Noise Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23COS Sensitivity Trends in Cycle 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Performance of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph after SM4 . . . . . . . . 41Ironing Out the Wrinkles in STIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Slitless Spectroscopy with HST Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71An insight into the flux calibration of Gaia G-band images and BP/RP spectropho-

tometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80ACCESS: Mission Overview, Design and Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102SNDICE: A Calibrated Multi-Wavelength Light Source for Optical Telescope Cali-

bration with a Stability and a Precision of 10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115WFPC2 Filters after 16 Years on Orbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127The Legacy of the Hubble Space Telescope Spectrographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Update on NICMOS Reference Flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137NICMOS Coronagraphy: Recalibration and the NICMOS Legacy Archive PSF Library148Calibration of the HST NICMOS F110W Using High Redshift Red-Sequence Galaxies 160An Overview of Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161New Scientific Capabilities of the HST WFC3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Performance and Calibration of Wide Field Camera 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163The Photometric Performance and Calibration of WFC3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164WFC3 UVIS and IR flat-fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Fringing in the WFC3/UVIS detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183WFC3 IR ”Blobs”, IR Sky Flats and the measured IR background levels . . . . . . 195HST/WFC3 In-Orbit Grism Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205WFC3/IR Channel Behavior: Dark Current, Bad Pixels, and Count Non-Linearity . 215Persistence in the WFC3 IR Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226WFC3 Image Calibration and Reduction Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232First On-orbit Measurements of the WFC3-IR Count-rate Non-Linearity . . . . . . . 238ACS after SM4: New Life for an Old Workhorse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239An Empirical Pixel-Based CTE Correction for ACS/WFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Red Leak Effects in Observations of Solar System Objects with ACS/SBC . . . . . . 265Application of the SIDECAR ASIC as the Detector Controller for ACS and the JWST

Near-IR Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269The Astrometric Context of HST in 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

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vi Contents

Multi – Wavelength Geometric Distortion Solution for WFC3/UVIS and IR . . . . . 271Fine Guidance Sensors: Calibration Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281A New Technique for Measuring Absolute Proper Motions with HST: Using Back-

ground Galaxies as Positional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Cross-matching the Hubble Legacy Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Some Thoughts on Cross-calibration in the Mid-Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305James Webb Space Telescope Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316Status of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module

System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Design Aspects of the JWST Calibration Pipeline Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350Essentials of JWST Flux Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Candidate Calibrators for the In-Orbit Spectrophotometric Calibration of the MIRI

Medium Resolution Spectrograph Onboard the James Webb Space Telescope 363JWST Operations and the Phase I and II Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373BetaDrizzle: A Redesign of the MultiDrizzle Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Part 3. Contributed Posters

Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Commissioning: Overview of COS Servicing MissionObservatory Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

On-Orbit Performance of the COS Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386Cosmic Origins Spectrograph: On-Orbit Performance of Target Acquisitions . . . . . 394Wavelength Calibration of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402COS External Spectroscopic Performance: Spectral and Spatial Resolution . . . . . 413COS Data Processing Improvements Based on HST SMOV Results . . . . . . . . . . 420Trend of Dark Rates of the COS and STIS NUV MAMA Detectors . . . . . . . . . . 429Monitoring of the Wavelength Calibration Lamps for the Hubble Space Telescope . . 433Updated Status and Performance of the STIS CCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Removing the Pattern Noise from all STIS Side-2 CCD data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449Post - SM4 Flux Calibration of the STIS Echelle Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Flat Fielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462Calibration of B,V,R,I Photometry for the Wide Field Channel of the HST Advanced

Camera for Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Post-SM4 ACS/WFC Bias Striping: Characterization And Mitigation . . . . . . . . 475ACS/WFC Crosstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487The NIRSpec Calibration Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491NIRSpec - the JWST Multi-Object Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492Dithering with JWST’s NIRCam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493The JWST Tunable Filter Imager and its Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501JWST Fine Guidance Sensor Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Detecting Cosmic Rays in Infrared Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511WFC3/UVIS Detectors: On-orbit Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519Anomalies and Artifacts of the WFC3 UVIS and IR Detectors: An Overview . . . . 526WFC3 UVIS Full Well Depths, and Linearity Near and Beyond Saturation . . . . . 534Measurement of the Count-Rate Non-linearity in WFC3-IR Detectors . . . . . . . . 535WFC3 Low-Frequency Flat Field Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536WFC3: On-Orbit Measurement of the Point Spread Function on the WFC3 Detectors 537An example reduction of WFC3/IR slitless data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546WFC3/IR Filter Wedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Dither and drizzle strategies for Wide Field Camera 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Contents vii

New NICMOS Flat-fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567New Bad Pixel Mask Reference Files for the Post-NCS Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576The Detection and Removal of Large-scale Detector Background Structures in NIC-

MOS Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586Calibrating the HST Focal Plane post SM4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596HST Cycle 19 Exposure Time Calculators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600UBVRI-ZY and ugriz zeropoints from 20 calspec standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606Recovery of Very Low Signal-to-Noise Transiting Lightcurves Using Self-coherence . 617

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

ix

Preface

We thank all the participants and organizers for making this workshop a success.The workshop was sponsored by the Instruments Division at STScI, and we thank

all the members of the Organizing Committee, as well as Robin Auer, Roz Baxter, SteveDignan, Pam Jeffries, Thomas Marufu, Jeff Nesbitt and his crew, Greg Pabst, Susan Rose,Dixie Shipley, Calvin Tullos, Anna Maria Valenzuela, and Mike Wiggs, for all their logisticaland administrative support, without which, the workshop would not have been so smoothlyrun. Thanks also to Irene Stein and the Cafe Azafran folks for providing the tasty food,coffee and tea during the workshop.

We also thank NASA Headquarters, the HST Project at the Goddard Space FlightCenter, and the Space Shuttle Program support staff at the Johnson Space Flight Centerand Kennedy Space Center for their outstanding support of all HST servicing activities.

We dedicate these proceedings to the memory of Rodger Doxsey.

The EditorsSusana Deustua and Cristina OliveiraJanuary 2011

x The Organizing Committee

The Organizing Committee

Susana Deustua co-chairCristina Oliveira co-chairRachel AndersonAzalee BostroemRalph BohlinMarco ChiabergeColin CoxRosa DiazParviz GhavamianKarl GordonTony KeyesKnox LongAparna MaybhateSami NiemiMassimo RobbertoElena SabbiMichael A. Wolfe

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Participant List

Thomas Ake CSC & Space Telescope Science InstituteAlessandra Aloisi Space Telescope Science InstituteJay Anderson Space Telescope Science InstituteRachel Anderson Space Telescope Science InstituteBarbara Anthony-Twarog University of KansasAmber Armstrong Space Telescope Science InstituteThomas Ayres University of ColoradoSylvia Baggett Space Telescope Science InstituteBrian Baptista Indiana UniversityElizabeth Barker Space Telescope Science InstituteTracy Beck Space Telescope Science InstituteStephane Beland University of Colorado at BoulderWilliam Blair The Johns Hopkins University & STSCIRalph Bohlin Space Telescope Science InstituteTiffany Borders Space Telescope Science InstituteBenoit Borguet Virginia Tech.Azalee Bostroem Space Telescope Science InstituteArt Bradley Spacecraft System Engineering ServicesMarc Buie Southwest Research InstituteHoward Bushouse Space Telescope Science InstituteIvo Busko Space Telescope Science InstituteSean Carey Spitzer Science Center, CaltechPierre Chayer Space Telescope Science InstituteNathan Cole The Johns Hopkins UniversityAlberto Conti Space Telescope Science InstituteColin Cox Space Telescope Science InstituteMisty Cracraft Space Telescope Science InstituteGustavo Adolfo Cruz Dıaz Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, CABTomas Dahlen Space Telescope Science InstituteEmily Dare Tufts UniversityTony Darnell Space Telescope Science InstituteGuido De Marchi European Space AgencyNadia Dencheva Space Telescope Science InstitutePieter Deroo Jet Propulsion LabSusana Deustua Space Telescope Science InstituteRosa Diaz Space Telescope Science InstituteVan Dixon The Johns Hopkins UniversityTimothy Dolch Space Telescope Science InstituteLinda Dressel Space Telescope Science InstituteMike Droettboom Space Telescope Science InstituteMichael Dulude Space Telescope Science InstituteLorenzo Faccioli Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryPaul Feldman The Johns Hopkins UniversityHenry Ferguson Space Telescope Science InstituteKathy Flanagan Space Telescope Science InstituteScott Friedman Space Telescope Science InstituteAndrew Fruchter Space Telescope Science InstitutePatrick Fry Space Science & Engineering CenterSuvi Gezari The Johns Hopkins UniversityParviz Ghavamian Space Telescope Science Institute

xii Participant List

Ronald Gilliland Space Telescope Science InstituteDavid Golimowski Space Telescope Science InstituteShireen Gonzaga Space Telescope Science InstituteKarl Gordon Space Telescope Science InstituteJames Green University of ColoradoPerry Greenfield Space Telescope Science InstituteMatthew Greenhouse NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNorman Grogin Space Telescope Science InstituteDavid Grumm Space Telescope Science InstituteJohn Grunsfeld Space Telescope Science InstituteTed Gull NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterWarren Hack Space Telescope Science InstituteChristopher Hanley Space Telescope Science InstituteRyan Haynes Space Telescope Science InstituteGregory Hennessy US Naval ObservatoryBryan Hilbert Space Telescope Science InstituteRobert Hill NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterDean Hines Space Science Institute, NMPhilip Hodge Space Telescope Science InstituteJay Holberg LPL, University of ArizonaSherie Holfeltz Space Telescope Science InstituteJ. Christopher Howk Univ. of Notre DameEric Hsiao Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryKuang-Han Huang The Johns Hopkins UniversityRolf Jansen ASU, School of Earth & Space ExplorationRobert Jedrzejewski Space Telescope Science InstituteMary Elizabeth Kaiser The Johns Hopkins UniversityJason Kalirai Space Telescope Science InstituteDiane Karakla Space Telescope Science InstituteStephen Kent Fermi National Accelerator LaboratoryCharles (Tony) Keyes Space Telescope Science InstituteAnton Koekemoer Space Telescope Science InstituteVera Kozhurina-Platais Space Telescope Science InstituteJeffrey Kruk NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterMartin Kuemmel Space Telescope - European Coordinating FacilityHarald Kuntschner ESOST-ECFVicki Laidler Space Telescope Science InstituteMatthew Lallo Space Telescope Science InstituteJustin Lazear The Johns Hopkins UniversityPey Lian Lim Space Telescope Science InstituteDon Lindler Sigma Space CorporationKevin Lindsay Space Telescope Science InstituteKnox Long Space Telescope Science InstituteCharlie Loomis Space Telescope Science InstituteMarkus Loose Markury ScientificJennifer Mack Space Telescope Science InstituteJohn MacKenty Space Telescope Science InstituteDan Magee UC-Santa CruzAndre Martel Space Telescope Science InstituteJohn Mather NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterAparna Maybhate Space Telescope Science InstituteStephan McCandliss The Johns Hopkins UniversityBrian McLean Space Telescope Science Institute

Participant List xiii

Todd Miller Space Telescope Science InstituteMax Mutchler Space Telescope Science InstituteJames Muzerolle Space Telescope Science InstituteTheodore Nakos University of GhentEdmund Nelan Space Telescope Science InstituteSami-Matias Niemi Space Telescope Science InstituteRobert O’Connell University of VirginiaCristina Oliveira Space Telescope Science InstituteRachel Osten Space Telescope Science InstituteSteve Osterman University of ColoradoElena Pancino INAF-OABOIlaria Pascucci Space Telescope Science InstituteSteven Penton University of ColoradoAndrew Pickles Las Cumbres Observatory Global TelescopeNor Pirzkal Space Telescope Science InstituteCharles Proffitt CSC & Space Telescope Science InstituteCarlton (Tad) Pryor Rutgers UniversityAbhijith Rajan Space Telescope Science InstituteBernard Rauscher NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterAdam Riess Space Telescope Science Institute & JHUPascal Ripoche Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratorySteven Rodney The Johns Hopkins UniversityElena Sabbi Space Telescope Science InstituteDavid Sahnow The Johns Hopkins UniversityKailash Sahu Space Telescope Science InstituteKyan Schahmaneche LPNHE-IN2P3-Paris 7 UniversityGlenn Schneider Steward Observatory, University of ArizonaKen Sembach Space Telescope Science InstituteRichard Shaw NOAOMark Sienkiewicz Space Telescope Science InstituteEric Smith NASA HeadquartersDavid Soderblom Space Telescope Science InstituteS. Tony Sohn Space Telescope Science InstituteGeorge Sonneborn NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterChristopher Sontag Space Telescope Science InstituteMegan Sosey Space Telescope Science InstituteAlex Storrs Towson UniversityAnatoly Suchkov The Johns Hopkins UniversityDeepashri Thatte Space Telescope Science InstituteVithal Tilvi School of Earth & Space Exploration, ASUWilliam van Altena Yale UniversityKevin Volk Space Telescope Science InstituteIngo Waldmann University College LondonJeremy Walsh Space Telescope European Co-ordinating FacilityEdward Weiler NASA HeadquartersBrad Whitmore Space Telescope Science InstituteMichael Wolfe Space Telescope Science InstituteMichael H. Wong UC BerkeleyBruce Woodgate NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterBrian York Space Telescope Science InstituteWei Zheng The Johns Hopkins University

Part 1. Workshop Schedule