20100407 biomass standards ukraine delegation

Ukraine delegation, NL Agency Utrecht, 7 April 2010

Standards as instrument to

facilitate trade in biomass

Jarno Dakhorst, NEN Energy Resources

Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 2

Outline

• Introduction into standardization

• Gaseous and liquid biofuels

• Solid biofuels

• Biogas

• Sustainability of biomass

• Summary and conclusions


Introduction into standardization (1)

Standards…

• … are documents with agreements on products,

services and systems

• ... are designed for voluntary use

• ... contribute to:

– (inter)national strength of competition

– innovation

– health, safety and environment

– image

• ... are in accordance with WTO



Overcoming trade barriers

Vision ISO/TC 67 (oil & gas):

Global standards used locally worldwide



Unambiguous communication



Standards are important tool for:

• Self-regulation:

standards for processes, procedures, assessment,

certification, benchmarking, classifications, codes of

conduct, etc. => own responsibility!

• Regulation (by way of assignment):

law refers to standard or ‘equivalent’, conformity

assessment (CE)



Standardization …

• … is an open process => all parties concerned invited

to participate for broad support

• … is developing agreements based on consensus =>

no sustained opposition

• … is transparent => agreements are publicly available

for comments and use

• … takes place on three levels:

– national (e.g. DSSU, NEN)

– regional (e.g. CEN, GSO)

– international (e.g. ISO, IEC)



CEN community:

• 31 members and 19

affiliates (incl. Ukraine)

• 400 European

federations in liaison

• 300 active technical

committees

• about 70 000 experts

• almost 14 000 standards



ISO community:

• 159 members (105 member bodies, 43 correspondent

members, 11 subscriber members)

• about 600 liaisons organization

• over 200 technical committees

and almost 2 500 working groups

active

• over 18 000 standards



Drafting a European Standard (EN)

National Standards

Body

Timeframe: 3 years

Technical Committee

Technical Committee

Project

proposal

Working Group

USER

Draft

Standard

European

Standard

Circulation for

comments

Weighted

vote of all

NSBs



Drafting an International

Standard (ISO)

Timeframe:

default track

36 months


Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (1)

• Europe => CEN/TC 19 Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants

and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin

– Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)

– many working groups & task forces

– mandates from EC for (bio)fuel specifications

• International => ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and

lubricants

– SC/7 on biofuels, but no work items yet



Ethanol related standards:

• EN 15376 Automotive fuels - Ethanol as a blending

component for petrol - Requirements and test methods

=> currently revised to apply as component for 10% blending

• EN 228 Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol - Requirements

and test methods

=> 5% blending with ethanol (conform EN 15376) possible,

currently revised for 10% blending

• CWA 15293 => prEN 15293 Automotive fuels - Ethanol

E85 - Requirements and test methods

=> might be first published as CEN/TS 15293



Biodiesel related standards:

• EN 14214 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for

diesel engines - Requirements and test methods

• EN 590 Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods

=> 7% blending with FAME (conform EN 14214) possible, aiming at

10% blending but more testing needed

• CWA 15145 Automotive fuels – Water in diesel fuel emulsions for

use in internal combustion engines – Requirements and test

methods

• CWA 15490 Automotive fuels – Paraffinic diesel from synthesis or

hydrotreatment – Requirements and test methods (GTL and BTL)



New developments:

• CWA for pure vegetable oil

– 2ndVegOil & Biofuel Cities projects (EC framework programme)

– heavy-duty engines, fleet purposes, mainly agricultural

machinery and perhaps heating

– inter alia based on DIN V 51605 Fuels for vegetable oil

compatible combustion engines - Fuel from rapeseed oil -

Requirements and test methods

– feedstock independent

– kick-off CEN workshop today!

– also open for not CEN members



New developments (continued):

• European Standard on B30

– accelerated by Biofuel Cities project

– proposed as CWA, but approved as new work item in CEN/TC 19

– first meeting in May 2010

• European Standard on biomethane as automotive fuel

– awaiting for official mandate from EC



Impact standards bio-ethanol (E85)

CWA 15293:2005 Source: eBIO



Impact standards biodiesel (FAME)

EN 14214:2003 Source: EBB


Standards solid biofuels (1)

• National => NC 310 029 Solid biofuels

– one standard related to subsidy scheme

– other standards brought forward in CEN

• Europe => CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels & CEN/TC 343 Solid recovered fuels

– number of working groups with Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)

– mandates from EC for specifications relevant characteristics

and origin of fuel

– many CEN/TS & CEN/TR currently upgraded to EN

• International => ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels

– (draft) work programme comparable with CEN/TC 335



• NTA 8003 Classification of biomass for energy applications

(Dutch only):

– system for classification of biomass, based on:

> typology and origin [3-digits, table 1]

> moisture content [mass percentage (A or S)]

> caloric value [in MJ/kg (A, B of S)]

> form [short description & size in cm]

example: 122 / 15,0 (S) / 17,4 (B) / chips [dmax < 5,0]

A = analysis, B = calculation, S = estimate

– used in subsidy scheme renewable energy sources

=> excluding biomass flows with high sustainability risks



• CEN/TS 14588 => prEN 14588 Solid biofuels –

Terminology, definitions and description

• (pr)EN 14961 series Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and

classes

– part 1: general requirements

– part 2-6: wood products for non-industrial use

• CEN/TS 15234 => prEN 15234 series Solid biofuels –

Fuel quality assurance

– part 1: general requirements

– part 2-6: wood products for non-industrial use



• CEN/TS 14778 series => prEN 14778 Solid biofuels –

Methods for sampling

• CEN/TS 14779 => prEN 14779 Solid biofuels – Methods

for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates


for sample preparation

• EN 14774 series Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture

content – Oven dry method

• EN 14775 Solid biofuels – Determination of ash content

• CEN/TS 15149 series => prEN 15149 series Solid

biofuels – Determination of particle size




for determination of particle density

• CEN/TS 15103 => EN 15103 Solid biofuels – Methods for

determination of bulk density

• CEN/TS 14918 => EN 14918 Solid biofuels – Determination

of caloric value

• CEN/TS 15210 series => prEN 15210 series Solid

biofuels – Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and

briquettes

• … and other standards concerning determination

methods


Standards biogas (1)

Relatively new:

• EC from mandate in development for:

– biomethane for automotive fuel (CEN/TC 19)

– biomethane for injection in grid (CEN/TC 234/WG 9)

• National standards (e.g. SS 155438 Motor fuels - Biogas

as fuel for high-speed otto engines)



Relatively new (continued):

• Chinese proposal for new ISO/PC on biogas:

– terminology

– design, construction, commission, check and test of small biogas

facilities and medium sized and large scale biogas plants

– design, manufacture, installation and inspection of biogas

equipment, products for biogas application, equipment and

facilities for biogas power generation

– use of digested solid and liquid biogas

– appraisal of technical, economical and environmental benefits of

biogas facilities



Challenges biogas:

• Many sources:

– residues (e.g. agriculture, agrofood)

– energy crops

– waste gases (e.g. landfills, sewage treatment)

• Many processes:

– gasification

– (co)digestion

– upgrading and refinery

– transport, storage and transhipment



Challenges biogas (continued):

• Many applications:

– injection in grid

– transport

– energy (e.g. CHP)

– chemicals

• More standards might be needed to (not exhaustive):

– create clarity

– establish state of the art

– overcome barriers to trade


Standards sustainability of biomass (1)

• National => WG NTA 8080 & CoE NTA 8081 Sustainably produced biomass for energy purposes

– standard based on Cramer criteria

– system for certification to this standard

• Europe => CEN/TC 383 Sustainably produced biomass for

energy applications

– Dutch proposal (via Environment Ministry) early 2008

– Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)

– RED related issues at this moment



• International => ISO/PC 248 Sustainability criteria for

bioenergy

– proposal for new work item in September 2008

– preliminary meeting in June 2009 => recommendations

– first plenary meeting in April 2010 => define scope, structure

and work programme



• NTA 8080 Sustainability criteria for biomass for energy

purposes (both in Dutch & English):

– developed by broadly composed working group (industry,

NGOs and government)

– developed in timeframe of 8 months

– translation of Cramer criteria in verifiable requirements

– requirements applicable to primary biomass producers except

for greenhouse gas calculation

– residues => list of exceptions (based on NTA 8003)

– small-holders => some exemptions or group certification

– based on continuous improvement (PDCA cycle)

– chain of custody => all models possible



• NTA 8081 Certification scheme for sustainably produced

biomass for energy purposes (both in Dutch & English):

– developed and owned by broadly composed committee of

experts (industry, NGOs and government)

– developed in timeframe of 12 months

– validated by national and international projects

– resulted in first interpretation document and modifications in

scheme

– chain of custody => elaboration of mass balance

– web portal www.nta8080.org

– next steps: acknowledgement by Dutch Accreditation Council

and by EC for instrument to demonstrate RED compliance



• NTA 8081 (continued):

– scope of scheme

– requirements to certifying bodies and auditor(s)

– audit effort in man-days

– method of conformity assessment

– assessment frequency and validity of certificate

– 'minor' & 'major' non-conformities and way to deal with

– necessary information for register and report

– way of complaints, objection, appeal, suspension and de-

registration



• Work items CEN/TC 383:

– terminology

– calculation of greenhouse gas balance

– biodiversity and environmental aspects => nature protection purposes, highly biodiverse non-natural

grassland, peatland

– verification & auditing => conformity assessment including chain of custody

Other work items might be re-activated later on this year



• Possible work items ISO/PC 248:

– terminology

– greenhouse gases

– environmental aspects

– social aspects

– economic aspects

– verification and auditing

– indirect effects

ISO is aware of other initiatives on sustainability


Summary and conclusions

• Standards are useful instruments to facilitate trade

• Many standards on biomass issues published or

currently developed or revised, preferably on

international level, but (in this case) first within Europe

or nationally

• Standards are efficient instruments to support national

and EU targets on renewables (e.g. EC mandates)


Thank you for your attention

NEN Energy Resources

[email protected]

+31-15-2 690 326

20100407 biomass standards ukraine delegation

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