2011 pdca pile driving equipment
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
1/51
Pile DrivingPile Driving
EquipmentEquipment
2011 PDCA Professor Pile Institute
Patrick Hannigan
GRL Engineers, Inc.
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
2/51
Pile Driving System ComponentsPile Driving System Components
PrimaryPrimaryComponents:Components:
CraneCraneLeadsLeadsHammer Hammer HelmetHelmet
CushionsCushionsPile GatePile Gate
ComponentsComponentsRequired inRequired in
Special Cases:Special Cases:
TemplateTemplateFollower Follower
Jetting quipmentJetting quipment!rilling quipment!rilling quipmentSpudding quipmentSpudding quipment
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
3/51
Pile
Hammer
Lead
Helmet
"oom
Crane
Spotter
Pile Gate
Pile Driving SystemPile Driving System
#on$ey
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
4/51
"oom
Crane
Pile
Hammer
Lead
Helmet
Pile Gate Sta%%ingPoints
Swinging LeadSwinging Lead
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
5/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
6/51
uropean or Truss Leaduropean or Truss Lead
Hammer
Lead
Swinging LeadSwinging Lead
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
7/51
Pile
Hammer
Lead
Helmet
"oom
Cran
Spotter
Pile Gate
Fixed LeadFixed Lead
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
8/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
9/51
"oom
Cra
Pile
Hammer
Lead
Helmet
Template "arge
Guide
Offshore LeadOffshore Lead
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
10/51
TemplatesTemplates
Pre(a%ricated or site constructed steel (ramePre(a%ricated or site constructed steel (rame
into which piles are set to hold piles in theinto which piles are set to hold piles in the
proper position ) alignment during dri*ing+proper position ) alignment during dri*ing+
Typically used when o((shore leads orTypically used when o((shore leads or
swinging leads are used o*er water+swinging leads are used o*er water+
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
11/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
12/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
13/51
ammer Typesammer Types
!rop!rop
&ir &ir
!iesel!iesel
HydraulicHydraulic
!ou%le acting!ou%le acting
Single actingSingle acting
!i((erential acting!i((erential acting
!ou%le acting ,closed end-!ou%le acting ,closed end-
Single acting ,open end-Single acting ,open end-
!ou%le acting!ou%le acting
Single actingSingle acting
#ost Common#ost Common
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
14/51
Drop ammersDrop ammers
FeaturesFeatures
CommentsComments
• Low equipment cost
• Simple
• Slow operation
• .nconsistent stro$e
Ram raised %y crane line
((iciency o( drop controlled
%y operator and system
l
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
15/51
Single !"tingSingle !"ting!ir ammers!ir ammers
FeaturesFeatures
CommentsComments
&ir pressure/ *olume/ and soilresistance can in(luence actual stro$e
%y as much as 0 to 1 inches
'ternal compressor supplies power
Stro$e controlled %y 2 or 3 slide %ar
setting: 0 (t/ 0 or 4 (t/ 3 or 5 (t
Relati*ely hea*y ram/ short stro$e
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
16/51
Helmet Helmet
RamRam
PistonPiston
Single-Acting Air/SteamSingle-Acting Air/SteamHammer OperationHammer Operation
PilePile
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
17/51
Dou#le !"ting !ir ammerDou#le !"ting !ir ammer Differential !"ting !ir ammDifferential !"ting !ir amme
l li l ! i Di l
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
18/51
FeaturesFeatures
CommentsComments
Stro$e depends on:
• (uel input• pile sti((ness
• soil resistance
6aria%le (uel settings
Potential energy 7 8h
Single !"ting Diesel ammersSingle !"ting Diesel ammers
#ost common hammer type
Relati*ely light ram/ long stro$e
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
19/51
Single &cting !iesel Hammer 9perationSingle &cting !iesel Hammer 9peration
a- Trippinga- Tripping %- Fuel%- Fuel
.nection.nection
c- Compressic- Compressi
; .mpact; .mpact
Si l & ti !i l H 9 tiSi l & ti !i l H 9 ti
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
20/51
Single &cting !iesel Hammer 9perationSingle &cting !iesel Hammer 9peration
d- 'plosiond- 'plosion e- 'hauste- 'haust (- Sca*enging(- Sca*enging
F l l
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
21/51
Controlling (uel quantity can help adust stro$e height+
Fuel $nput ControlFuel $nput Control
Continuously *aria%leContinuously *aria%le Fi'ed settingsFi'ed settings
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
22/51
Ram ; stro$eRam ; stro$e
H 2 ,1> ? "P#-H 2 ,1> ? "P#-33 @ > @ >
D #l ! ti Di lD #l ! tin Di l
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
23/51
Dou#le !"ting DieselDou#le !"ting Diesel
d li d li mm
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
24/51
FeaturesFeatures
CommentsComments
#ost models ha*e energy readout
'ternal hydraulic power source
ydrauli" ammersydrauli" ammers
.ncreasing in usage
Relati*ely hea*y ram/ short stro$e
6aria%le and controlla%le stro$e
Some models wor$ underwater
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
25/51
ingle Actingingle Acting Dou!le ActingDou!le Acting
ydrauli"ydrauli"
ammerammerS"hemati"sS"hemati"s
d li mmydrauli" ammers
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
26/51
9%ser*e stro$e9%ser*e stro$e
ydrauli" ammersydrauli" ammers
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
27/51
#ost hydraulic#ost hydraulic
hammers ha*ehammers ha*e%uilt;in monitors%uilt;in monitors
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
28/51
HydraulicHydraulic
hammerhammerdesigned (ordesigned (or
low headroomlow headroom
operationoperation
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
29/51
elmetselmets
• Con(iguration and siAe depends upon theCon(iguration and siAe depends upon thelead type/ hammer type ) siAe/ as well aslead type/ hammer type ) siAe/ as well as
the pile typethe pile type
• Helmets should (it loosely/ appro'imatelyHelmets should (it loosely/ appro'imately3 to 4 mm ,>+2 to >+3 inches- larger than3 to 4 mm ,>+2 to >+3 inches- larger than
pile diameter pile diameter
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
30/51
triker Plate
A"a#ter
Hel$et
Pile Cus%ion&concrete #ile'
Ha$$er Cus%ion
(o) Lea" Gui"e*a+
elmet Componentselmet Components
P P P l lO Pi Pi Pil l
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
31/51
One Pie"e Pipe Pile elmetOne Pie"e Pipe Pile elmet
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
32/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
33/51
ammer Cushionsammer Cushions
#aterials placed %etween the pile hammer
ram and the helmet to relie*e impact
shoc$ and there%y protect the hammer
while at the same time transmit consistent
energy to the pile
ammer Cushionsammer Cushions
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
34/51
Con%est ,Phenolic (i%er-Con%est ,Phenolic (i%er-
and aluminum platesand aluminum plates
&luminum and #icarta&luminum and #icarta"lue Bylon"lue Bylon
ammer Cushionsammer Cushions
%pile elmet and%pile elmet and
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
35/51
%pile elmet and pile elmet andammer Cushion Se"tionammer Cushion Se"tion
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
36/51
Pile CushionsPile Cushions
• Concrete piles require a pile cushion %etween theConcrete piles require a pile cushion %etween thehelmet and the pile leadhelmet and the pile lead
• Typically made o( plywood/ hardwood/ plywood )Typically made o( plywood/ hardwood/ plywood )
hardwood composites/ or other man;made materialshardwood composites/ or other man;made materials
• Typical thic$ness 5 inches ,min- to 23 inches orTypical thic$ness 5 inches ,min- to 23 inches ormoremore
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
37/51
Pile CushionsPile Cushions
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
38/51
Can sto# "riingCan sto# "riing
an" re#lace #ilean" re#lace #ile
cus%ion if nee" toif nee" tocontinue "riingcontinue "riing
Pile CushionsPile Cushions
Pile cus%ionPile cus%ion"eteriorating after"eteriorating after
2,000 !lo*s2,000 !lo*s
Pile CushionsPile Cushions
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
39/51
Bew 7 inchesBew 7 inches
Pile CushionsPile Cushions
25>> %lows later 25>> %lows later
7 4+4 inches7 4+4 inches
Pile cushionPile cushion
thic$ness changesthic$ness changes
during dri*ingduring dri*ing
Pil S l tiPil S l ti
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
40/51
Pile ammer Sele"tionPile ammer Sele"tion
• .mportant (or the Contractor ) ngineer to esta%lis.mportant (or the Contractor ) ngineer to esta%lisoptimumoptimum hammer siAe (or a o% hammer siAe (or a o%
• Too small a hammer may not %e a%le to dri*e theToo small a hammer may not %e a%le to dri*e thepile to the required capacitypile to the required capacity
• Too large a hammer may damage the pileToo large a hammer may damage the pile
• "est tool (or hammer selection is a wa*e equation"est tool (or hammer selection is a wa*e equationanalysis+analysis+
$nstallation !ids$nstallation !ids
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
41/51
$nstallation !ids$nstallation !ids
FollowersFollowers
JettingJetting
PredrillingPredrilling
SpuddingSpudding
Dsed to sa*e pile lengthDsed to sa*e pile length
Dsed to penetrate dense granular layersDsed to penetrate dense granular layers
Dsed in cohesi*e soils ? em%an$mentsDsed in cohesi*e soils ? em%an$ments
Dsed in de%ris (illsDsed in de%ris (ills
F llF ll
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
42/51
FollowersFollowers
• .s a mem%er interposed %etween a pile hammer.s a mem%er interposed %etween a pile hammer
and a pile to transmit %lows when the pile head isand a pile to transmit %lows when the pile head is
%elow the reach o( the hammer %elow the reach o( the hammer
• Dse o( a (ollower is accompanied %y a loss o(Dse o( a (ollower is accompanied %y a loss o(
energy deli*ered to the pile due to compressionenergy deli*ered to the pile due to compression
o( the (ollower ) losses in connectiono( the (ollower ) losses in connection
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
43/51
& tti& tti
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
44/51
&etting&etting
• The use o( a water or air et to (acilitateThe use o( a water or air et to (acilitatepile dri*ing %y displacing parts o( the soilpile dri*ing %y displacing parts o( the soil
• Jetting is use(ul in dri*ing piles throughJetting is use(ul in dri*ing piles through*ery dense granular material*ery dense granular material
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
45/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
46/51
$nternal$nternal
PilePileCleanoutCleanout
P d illiPredrillin
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
47/51
PredrillingPredrilling
• Soil augers or drills used where etting isSoil augers or drills used where etting isinappropriate ? ine((ecti*e toinappropriate ? ine((ecti*e to
; Penetrate o%structions/ %oulders/ de%ris (ills; Penetrate o%structions/ %oulders/ de%ris (ills
; Facilitate pile placement through em%an$ments; Facilitate pile placement through em%an$ments; Reduce ground mo*ements; Reduce ground mo*ements
• Predrilled hole diameter 5 inches less thanPredrilled hole diameter 5 inches less thandiagonal o( square pile/ or 2 inch less thandiagonal o( square pile/ or 2 inch less than
diameter o( round pilediameter o( round pile
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
48/51
SpuddingSpudding
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
49/51
SpuddingSpudding
• The act o( opening a hole through denseThe act o( opening a hole through densematerial %y dri*ing or dropping a short )material %y dri*ing or dropping a short )
strong mem%er ) then remo*ing itstrong mem%er ) then remo*ing it
• Dsed as an alternate to etting orDsed as an alternate to etting orpredrilling in upper soil consisting o(predrilling in upper soil consisting o(
miscellaneous (illmiscellaneous (ill
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
50/51
-
8/18/2019 2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment
51/51
Any QuestionsAny Questions