2011 south east asian regional workshop on science, technology and innovation indicators hanoi,...
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2011 SOUTH EAST ASIAN REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION INDICATORSHanoi, Vietnam
[5th to 8th December 2011]
Anita BahariMalaysian Science and Technology Information Centre (MASTIC)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)MALAYSIA
Apr 10, 2023
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Usage of S&T Indicators
Malaysia’s Performance in S&T Indicators Development
Collecting R&D Statistics Malaysia’s Experience
MASTIC’s main activities
Conduct surveys, produces reports, develops S&T and R&D databases and provides essential facts and figures on Malaysian S&T and R&D.
S&T Indicators reports– trends in selected indicators reflecting Malaysia’s achievement in S&T (1994 – 2010)Survey of Research and Development – comprehensive information on status of R&D activities and the R&D growth in Malaysia;Survey of Innovation – reports on status of technological innovation in manufacturing and services sectorBibliometrics study – national citation report Public Awareness of S&T Malaysia – Malaysian public awareness, attitude, interest and understanding towards S&T – once in every 5 years
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S&T Indicators
Time seriesTrendsBenchmarking
Describes the input and output S&T activity.The purpose is to contribute to an overview of country knowledge infrastructure, its national and international status, its products, impact and productivity, cooperation and use of knowledge. Provides an overall picture of performance of country and focus on long term trends
S&T Indicators
It cannot be denied that statistical STI indicators have been of increasing interest to the government, industry and public as a whole. They serve as one of the important inputs in assessing STI system of a country so that national competitive advantages could be maintained and promoted.
Human capitalR&D&CEnhance collaboration and networking, etc
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R&D SurveyInnovation SurveyPublic Awareness in S&T SurveyBibliometrics studyMalaysian Research and Development Classification System – 6th editionS&T Indicators Report
S&T Indicators Measurement
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How we gather the data?
Type of dataPrimary
MASTIC conducted own surveyNational R&D SurveyInnovation SurveyPublic Awareness on S&TBibliometrics study
SecondaryData obtained from various related agency
MOEIntellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO)Bank Negara MalaysiaOther government agencies
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What are the Main S&T Indicators?
InputEducation in S&TResearch and DevelopmentHuman Resource in S&T
• Output– Patents– Bibliometrics
• Impact– Public Awareness on S&T– Balance of Payment and Trade in Technology– Innovation in Industry and Technological Innovation
1992 to 2008 and way forward
MALAYSIA PERFORMANCE IN R&D
Apr 10, 2023
provide official statistics on Malaysian R&D.Input to the National S&T PolicyBenchmarking
Importance of R&D
Collecting R&D Statistics
Series of biennial surveys - since 1992 until 2008.Starting from 2009, data collection is done every year
.
Indicators of R&D
EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD/GDP), 1992-2008
EXPENDITURE
(RM million)1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
GERD 550.7 611.3 549.3 1,127.0 1,671.5 2,500.6 2,843.8 3,646.7 1,739.7
Private Sector 246.3 292.5 400.1 746.1 967.9 1,633.1 2,033.6 3,096.4 535.5
Government Research Institute
253.7 164.9 108.7 247.3 417.5 507.1 296.9 189.5 431.3
Institute of Higher Learning
50.7 150.9 40.4 133.6 286.1 360.4 513.3 360.8 772.9
Ratio GERD/GDP (%)
0.37 0.34 0.22 0.39 0.5 0.69 0.63 0.64 0.24
Note :GERD - Gross Expenditure on R&DGDP (Gross Domestic Product) 2008 : RM 738,667 millionSource: MASTIC, R&D Survey report
2008*
3,139.3
1,935.1
431.3
772.9
0.44
Trend Total R&D Expenditure, series data 1992 - 2008
10th Malaysia Plan
Objective
GERD /GDP 1.0% by the year 2010
Trend GERD/GDP, Series Data 1992 – 2008
2004 2006 2008
Researchers (FTE) 12,669.5 9,694.23 12,541.6
Researchers (Headcount) 23,092 19,021 24,991
FTE per researcher 0.55 0.51 0.50
Human Resource in R&D
Note;FTE : Full Time Equivalence
1998 2000 2002
Researchers (FTE) 3,415.8 6,422.7 7,157.5
Researchers (Headcount) 6,249 15,022 17,790
FTE per researcher 0.55 0.43 0.40
Number of Researchers per 10,000 Labour Force
Malaysia :Number of Researchers per 10,000 Population
Trend Gross Expenditure in R&D (RM million) by Type Of Activity
Trend Gross Expenditure on R&D (RM million) by Sector
HOW WE ORGANISE THE SURVEY
R&D PERSONNEL
All persons involved directly on R&D include administrators and clerical staff3 ways measuring of R&D personnel
HeadcountFTEQualification
Measurement of FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE)
Best estimate – total amount of R&D work done by one person in one year (for a given period)FTE = 1 (maximum)Measurement in person-years :a) A person who spends 75% of their time on R&D
would be considered as having an FTE of 0.75b) A full time R&D workers is employed at R&D unit for
6 month, the FTE = 0.5
SURVEY RESPONDENT
Public sectorHead of projectResearcher
Private sectorR&D manager AccountingPersonnel unit
PROJECT ORGANISATIONDevelopment of questionnaire & endorsement by Steering and Technical CommitteeCarry out preliminary survey – public sector Database development – mailing list & data entryLaunch R&D Survey send out survey kit Carry out briefing/ road show to
coordinatorsproject leadersresearcher
Data collection/ QAAnalysis and report writing
Preliminary surveyFor IHL and GRI onlyTo get basic data regarding R&D activities in organisation - this will be used to measure response rates in the actual survey Information requested :
Name of Coordinator of institutionProject titleHead of projectProject statusYear expenditure
SURVEY KIT
QuestionnaireGuideline to Questionnaire - A simplified set of instructions to be read by the researcher in order to guide them to fill up the survey form.MRDCS – Malaysian Research and Development Classification SystemMSIC – classify the type of industry for the
private sector
Type of questionnaireGeneral
Person respondingProject titleFOR & SEOR&D personnel Expenditure Factors hampering
Private sector• Main industry activity –
MSIC• Present status of the
company • Full time employee• Capital & sales• Type of R&D unit• Incentives
DIVISION 1 : NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING
F1010000 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
F1010100 Mathematics
F1010101 Approximation theory
F1010102 Calculus of variation
F1010103 Category theory, K-theory and homological algebra
F1010104 Combinatorics
F1010105 Control theory
F1010106 Difference, differential, integral, integro-differential and functional equations
F1010107 Dynamical systems
F1010199 Other mathematics
DIVISIONCATEGORY
GROUP
AREA
MRDCS
Malaysian Research and Development Classification System (MRDCS) – 6th edition
MSIC – Malaysian Standard Industrial ClassificationTABULATION CATEGORIES, DIVISIONS AND DESCRIPTION
CATEGORY DIVISI0N DESCRIPTION
A AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY 01 Agriculture, Hunting and Related Service Activities 02 Forestry, Logging and Related Service Activities
D MANUFACTURING 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 16 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 17 Manufacture of Textiles 18 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur 19 Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags,
Saddlery, Harness and Footwear 20 Manufacture of Wood and Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture;
Manufacture of Articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials 21 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products
STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY- private sector-
Information provided by your organisation is strictest confidence. MASTIC does not disclose, release or publish any identificiable information on individuals, individuals companies, business unit or R&D units from the survey.
Why the drop in GERD and GERD/GDP ratio?
1992 to 2008 and way forward
Response Rates for the Public Sector from 2002 to 2008
Response rates for the private sector from 2002 to 2008
Some Research Issues
Definitions• Standard definition in methodology used• Best estimate in measuring R&D expenditure• Duration of research project carried out• Financial year reporting
Data collection• Data held confidential• Reported as per project or per institution • R&D survey on line: Collecting data per project• Manual : Collecting data per institution
National R&D Survey, 2009-2011
Sept 2010 Kick - off29 Nov 2011
29 Nov 2011 - Feb 2012
R&D survey on line
http://indicators.mastic.gov.my/
TERIMA KASIH
THANK YOU