2012 01 18 gesture-recognition
TRANSCRIPT
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Erik DeVito, MBA, CSEP-Acq
INCOSE Chesapeake Chapter
January 2012
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What is Gesture Recognition? Historical Highlights
Technology Overview
Industry Landscape Spotlight on Kinect
What is Disruptive Technology?
Is Gesture Recognition a Disruptive
Technology? Implications for Systems Engineering?
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Gesture Recognition is a technology thatachieves dynamic human-systeminteractions that do not require physical,touch, or contact based input mechanisms
Types of Gesture Recognition:
Hands
Full Body
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Historical Highlights
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1919- The Theremin is an electronicmusical instrument that does not requiretouch but accepts user gestures to createmusic (Billingshurst, 2011).
Image Source: io9.com
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1970s-1980s Videoplace used real timeimage processing of live video to enableuser interaction with a responsive display(Billingshurst, 2011).
Image Source: Myron Krueger
http://www.inventinginteractive.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/videoplace_02.jpg -
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Image: Maes et al., 1995
1993- ALIVE system, used computer andvideo overlays that enabled user and virtualagents to interact in same display space(Maes, Darrell, Blumberg, & Pentland,1995).
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Image: Sony Computer Entertainment of America
2003- The EyeToy, A 2D camera peripheralfor the Sony Playstation 2 that translatedbody movements into game controls(Marks, 2010).
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Image: roeder-johnson.com
2005- Canesta EP-DP200 DevKit, 1st3DGesture Recognition imaging device usingCMOS-based single chip used IR to sensedepth and motion of user (Canesta, 2010).
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Technology Overview
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Typically software based-Not requiring specialcameras or sensors Requires 3 steps
Segmentation Separates pixels around the hands or body from background
scene Feature detection
Statistical- based on center of equivalent rectangle Contour- based on the outline of users hands or body
Gesture recognition Directional (Left, Right, Up, Down)
Action Based (Point, Reach, Grab, and Select) Custom libraries
(Du & Li, 2000)
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Uses embedded or separate device based cameras,projectors, and sensors to sense depth and motion Microwave
Low-power, 9-15 GHz, approx. 2-3cm wavelength Gaze, Eye and Facial Gesture tracking
Light Waves Multi-Camera Triangulation Time of Flight (CW or Modulated IR) Structured Light (Grid or Pseudo Random IR) Laser (Object Tracking and Scanning)
Ultrasonic Waves
Basic low resolution/Single Pass Uses shifts in Doppler frequency to recognize movement
(Castaneda & Navab, 2011; Kalgaonkar & Raj, 2009)
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(Castaneda & Navab, 2011)
Measures depth by recognizing returndifferences in infrared (IR) light that has beenreflected off the user Continuous Wave
Measures phase shift of return wave
Pulse Modulated Measures absolute pulse return time
Image: Jeff Ludvick
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Projects IR light into a known pattern andinternal triangulation enables the device torecognize users place within scene Produces a 3D map of the reflected IR returns and
re-calibrates it to projected pattern Depth and movement are obtained by continuously
remapping the current scene and computing theshift from the previous scene
Can use a combination of Grid and/or Pseudo
Random Speckles
(Castaneda & Navab, 2011)
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This video was shot with night vision andshows the Microsoft Kinect projecting IRStructured Light into a room. Showscombination of Grid and Pseudo Random
Speckles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ
6ifc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifc -
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Industry Landscape
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Companies Chip Development
Software Middleware
Development Hardware Device Development
AMD X X
ASUS X
Ceva X
Cognivue Corp X X
Eedoo X
Extreme Reality X
eyeSight X
GestureTek X X
H2i Technologies X XIntel X X
JDSU X
Mesa X
Microsoft X X
Movea X
Oblong Industries X X
Omek Interactive X
Panasonic X
PMD Technologies X
Pointgrab XPrimeSense X X X
Qualcomm X
Reactrix
Samsung X X
SideKick
SoftKinetic X X X
Texas Instruments X X
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Images: Asus, PMD Tech, H2ii Inc., Lenovo Corp., SoftKinetic, Panasonic Corp
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Image: Vemea.com
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Spotlight on Kinect
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A Structured Light Gesture Recognition device Uses PrimeSense PS 1080 image processor
connected to an IR light and 2 CMOS sensors tofacilitate object acquisition and recognition
Contains 2 microphones and connects to the Xbox360 via USB 2.0
Image: Microsoft
(Microsoft Kinect Teardown , 2010)
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Image: ifixit.com
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Released on Nov 4th2010 for $149.99 On the same day, Adafruit Industries announces
$2,000 reward to the first person who can deliver afully workable Open Source Driver
Later that day after an article on CNET.comMicrosoft responds with significant disdain andthreatens that theyre going to work closely withlaw enforcement and product safety groups to keep
Kinect tamper-resistant Adafruit raises the prize to $3,000 stating the
companys response as the reason for the increase
(The Open Kinect Project, 2010, Terdiman, 2010)
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On Nov 10th2010 Adafruit Industries announces awinner and releases open source drivers for Kinect
On Dec 20th2010 Microsoft denies that the Kinectwas hacked but instead asserts that unencrypted
USB was intentional Jan 2011, Kinect breaks world record for Fastest-
Selling Consumer Electronics Device with 8m unitsin 60d (Announced Later)
Hacker/Project sites for the Kinect sprout up andgain popularity with videos and softwaredownloads posted in abundance
(Adafruit Industries, 2010; Bishop, 2010; Kinect Confirmed, 2011)
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On Feb 21st2011 Microsoft announces Kinect forWindows Software Development Kit will be releasedin Spring 2011Former employee and key Kinectdeveloper confesses (on his blog) that he put up
the $3,000 reward Kinect for Windows beta SDK released in June 2011
Enabled non-commercial development of applications forKinect.
Company creates official project pages, blog, andKinect Website to highlight what new andinnovative projects people are creating with theKinect.
(Lee, 2011)
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Kinect sales for Xbox 360 steamed forward withrobust holiday 2011 salesAt the time someestimated 11-14m sold
Kinect Accelerator-Startup incubator program
announced-10 companies with innovative Kinectsolutions/products/business plans will be selectedon Jan 25th2012 for $20k funding with mentoringby Microsoft developers and managers
Company announced @ CES 2012 that Kinect iscoming to Windows on February 1st and that salesto date have reached 18m units
(Kinect Accelerator Program, 2011; Use the Power of Kinect , 2012)
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Health Care Education
Mobile Phones
Automotive
Robotics/Computer Vision
Home Media/Appliance Interaction
Personal Computer Interaction
Interactive Vending, Signage and Displays
Security/Identity Management
Motion Capture for graphics and film effects
Video Games
Image: Jeff Ludvick
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This video shows a person using a delta robotto grasp metals balls using only gestures andbody movements. The robot is actuated bythree servo motors which are controlled by an
AVR microcontroller. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embedded -
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This video shows a person controlling aremote controlled quad copter.
http://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ek
http://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ekhttp://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ek -
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This video shows the OmniTouch NaturalUser Interface created by Chris Harrison @Carnegie Melon. It uses a modified MicrosoftKinect and Pico Projector to create a unique
projection based user interface. http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8
http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8 -
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What is Disruptive Technology?
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Have very different package ofattributes mainstream customershistorically valueoften perform far worsealong one or two dimensions important to
those customersmainstream customersare unwilling to use a disruptive product inapplications they know andunderstanddisruptive technologies tendto be used and valued only in new markets
or new applications; in fact, they generallymake possible the emergence of newmarkets
(Bower & Christensen, 1996)
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The following were disruptive because theyenabled people to do things that theycouldnt previously do with existingtechnologies: Telephone Transistor Radio Photocopier Personal Computers
Digital Photography Each had significant trade-offs, as the
disruption occurred they were overcome
(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
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Is Gesture Recognition a
Disruptive Technology?
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1. Signals ofChange
3. StrategicChoices
2. CompetitiveBattles
(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
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(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation
Are there signs that someone iscapitalizing on opportunities for
change?
Serving nonconsumers byintroducing a disruption that
was previously not convient, tooexpensive or more
technologically advanced forthem to acquire.
As a new market innovatorMicrosoft has introduced apackaged that is convient,inexpensive, and does not
require the user to have specialskills to use it.
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(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation
What is the likely result of headto head battles?
The new market entrant has
unique and/or abundantresources and is applying themin a way that causes incumbents
to fail.
Microsoft is flush withresources. One of the top
software firms in the world. Thisis no start up. Incumbents are
scrambling for investments andpartnership with other industry
powerhouses.
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(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation
Are firms making decisions thatincrease or decrease their
ultimate chances for success?
Successful disruptors harnessthe forces of disruption by
selecting the right value networkand marketplace to make their
stand.
Microsoft used the Xbox 360,the most popular video gamingdevice on the market as their
launch pad for Gesture
Recognition. Additionally, theyhave adopted a previously
successful communitydevelopment approach to helpthis technology further gain a
foothold. Incumbents have beenforced into "also ran position
within the marketplace.
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Is Gesture Recognition a Disruptive
Technology?
Yes!!!
It is highly likely that Gesture Recognition is in fact a
Disruptive Technology. The Kinect could act as the vehicle for this disruption.
This is inline with both the definition of and theorybehind Disruptive Technology
Microsoft satisfies the 3 Step Process that helpsdetermine if an industry is ripe for disruption.
(Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)
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Implications for Systems
Engineering?
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Exponential growth is deceptive. It startsout almost imperceptibly and then explodeswith unexpected furyunexpected, that is,if one does not take care to follow its
trajectory
(Kurzweil, 2006)
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Requirements Definition & Analysis Understand thresholds for Gesture Recognition performance as it relates
to stakeholder requirements or expectations. Ground Truth vs. MarketingI want to be able to use an Xbox Kinect to! Determine parameters will be used to define performance?
Architectural Design Identify architectural implications of adding Gesture Recognition into the
system architecture. Are Gesture Recognition interface requirements creating an issue for the
systems affordability/ROI?
Does Gesture Recognition play well with othersInteroperability Issues?
Implementation & Integration Gesture Recognition may evolve quickly so a balance must be maintained
between selecting system element solutions too early or too late in the
process. Too early and you negate enhanced capabilities and opportunities for cost
savings Too late and you risk adopting technology that has advanced past your
architectural interfaces. REWORK!
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In general, international standards and bestpractices do not exist for Gesture Recognition
This poses some challenge for Systems Engineers
Bright spots do exist OpenNi is an industry-led organization to promote
compatibility and interoperability of Natural Interaction(NI) devices applications and middleware.
Point Cloud Library (PCL) is a cross platform set ofalgorithms for creating data structures that represent a
collection of multi-dimensional points to recreate orrepresent 3D objects.
(Introducing OpenNI, 2011)
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This video created in 2009 by Microsoft toshowcase their vision for the future ofproductivity. Gesture Recognition tech isshown along with other technologies and
provides compelling view of how things mightevolve in the workplace. http://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsU
http://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsUhttp://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsU -
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This video is from www.theverge.comand theshows host Josh Topolsky visiting withMicrosoft Advanced Research to get a tour oftheir Building 99 and see new innovations
with the Xbox Kinect. http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84
http://www.theverge.com/http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84http://www.theverge.com/ -
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Questions?
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Billingshurst, M. (2011). Gesture based interactions. Retrieved from http://www.billbuxton.com/input14.Gesture.pdf
Bishop, T. (2010, November 20). Microsoft: Kinect wasnt hacked, USB port left open by design. TechFlash.com. Retrievedfrom http://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.html
Bower, J. L., & Christensen, C. M. (1996). Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave. Harvard Business Review (JanuaryFebruary 1995), pp. 4353.Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13(1), 75-76. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/~spencer/courses/ethics/misc/bower.pdf
Castaneda, V., & Navab, N. (2011). Time-of-flight and Kinect imaging[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved fromhttp://campar.in.tum.de/twiki/pub/Chair/TeachingSs11Kinect/2011-DSensors_LabCourse_Kinect.pdf
Christensen, C.M., Roth, E.A., Anthony, S.D. (2004). Seeing what's next: Using theories of innovation to predict industrychange. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Du, W., & Li, H. (2000). Vision based gesture recognition system with single camera.Signal Processing Proceedings, 2000.WCCC-ICSP. 5th International Conference, August 21-25, 2000.Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved fromhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=891796
Kalgaonkar, K., & Raj, B. (2009). One-handed gesture recognition using ultrasonic doppler sonar. Acoustics, speech andsignal processing, 2009. ICASSP. IEEE International Conference, April 19-24, 2009.Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE ComputerSociety. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4912736
Kinect Accelerator Program Seeking Innovators. (2011, December 28). Microsoft. Retrieved fromhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/kinectforwindows/archive/2011/12/28/kinect-accelerator-program-seeking-innovators.aspx
Kinect confirmed as fastest selling consumer electronics device. (2011) Guinness World Records.
http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Kinect-Confirmed-As-Fastest-Selling-Consumer-Electronics-Device/blog/3376939/7691.html
Kurzweil, R. (2006) The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. New York, NY: Penguin Group
Lee, J.C. (2011, February 21). Windows drivers for Kinect, finally!. Retrieved fromhttp://procrastineering.blogspot.com/2011/02/windows-drivers-for-kinect.html
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cked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.billbuxton.com/input14.Gesture.pdf 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Van Camp, J. (2010, October 19). Microsoft reveals Kinect launch games. Digital Trends.com. Retrieved fromhttp://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/microsoft-reveals-kinect-launch-games/
WE HAVE A WINNER Open Kinect driver(s) released Winner will use $3k for more hacking PLUS an additional $2k goesto the EFF. (2010, November 10). Adafruit Industries (Blog). Retrieved fromhttp://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/11/04/the-open-kinect-project-the-ok-prize-get-1000-bounty-for-kinect-for-xbox-360-open-source-drivers/
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