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    Erik DeVito, MBA, CSEP-Acq

    INCOSE Chesapeake Chapter

    January 2012

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    What is Gesture Recognition? Historical Highlights

    Technology Overview

    Industry Landscape Spotlight on Kinect

    What is Disruptive Technology?

    Is Gesture Recognition a Disruptive

    Technology? Implications for Systems Engineering?

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    Gesture Recognition is a technology thatachieves dynamic human-systeminteractions that do not require physical,touch, or contact based input mechanisms

    Types of Gesture Recognition:

    Hands

    Full Body

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    Historical Highlights

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    1919- The Theremin is an electronicmusical instrument that does not requiretouch but accepts user gestures to createmusic (Billingshurst, 2011).

    Image Source: io9.com

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    1970s-1980s Videoplace used real timeimage processing of live video to enableuser interaction with a responsive display(Billingshurst, 2011).

    Image Source: Myron Krueger

    http://www.inventinginteractive.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/videoplace_02.jpg
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    Image: Maes et al., 1995

    1993- ALIVE system, used computer andvideo overlays that enabled user and virtualagents to interact in same display space(Maes, Darrell, Blumberg, & Pentland,1995).

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    Image: Sony Computer Entertainment of America

    2003- The EyeToy, A 2D camera peripheralfor the Sony Playstation 2 that translatedbody movements into game controls(Marks, 2010).

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    Image: roeder-johnson.com

    2005- Canesta EP-DP200 DevKit, 1st3DGesture Recognition imaging device usingCMOS-based single chip used IR to sensedepth and motion of user (Canesta, 2010).

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    Technology Overview

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    Typically software based-Not requiring specialcameras or sensors Requires 3 steps

    Segmentation Separates pixels around the hands or body from background

    scene Feature detection

    Statistical- based on center of equivalent rectangle Contour- based on the outline of users hands or body

    Gesture recognition Directional (Left, Right, Up, Down)

    Action Based (Point, Reach, Grab, and Select) Custom libraries

    (Du & Li, 2000)

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    Uses embedded or separate device based cameras,projectors, and sensors to sense depth and motion Microwave

    Low-power, 9-15 GHz, approx. 2-3cm wavelength Gaze, Eye and Facial Gesture tracking

    Light Waves Multi-Camera Triangulation Time of Flight (CW or Modulated IR) Structured Light (Grid or Pseudo Random IR) Laser (Object Tracking and Scanning)

    Ultrasonic Waves

    Basic low resolution/Single Pass Uses shifts in Doppler frequency to recognize movement

    (Castaneda & Navab, 2011; Kalgaonkar & Raj, 2009)

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    (Castaneda & Navab, 2011)

    Measures depth by recognizing returndifferences in infrared (IR) light that has beenreflected off the user Continuous Wave

    Measures phase shift of return wave

    Pulse Modulated Measures absolute pulse return time

    Image: Jeff Ludvick

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    Projects IR light into a known pattern andinternal triangulation enables the device torecognize users place within scene Produces a 3D map of the reflected IR returns and

    re-calibrates it to projected pattern Depth and movement are obtained by continuously

    remapping the current scene and computing theshift from the previous scene

    Can use a combination of Grid and/or Pseudo

    Random Speckles

    (Castaneda & Navab, 2011)

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    This video was shot with night vision andshows the Microsoft Kinect projecting IRStructured Light into a room. Showscombination of Grid and Pseudo Random

    Speckles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ

    6ifc

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CFoOFZ6ifc
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    Industry Landscape

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    Companies Chip Development

    Software Middleware

    Development Hardware Device Development

    AMD X X

    ASUS X

    Ceva X

    Cognivue Corp X X

    Eedoo X

    Extreme Reality X

    eyeSight X

    GestureTek X X

    H2i Technologies X XIntel X X

    JDSU X

    Mesa X

    Microsoft X X

    Movea X

    Oblong Industries X X

    Omek Interactive X

    Panasonic X

    PMD Technologies X

    Pointgrab XPrimeSense X X X

    Qualcomm X

    Reactrix

    Samsung X X

    SideKick

    SoftKinetic X X X

    Texas Instruments X X

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    Images: Asus, PMD Tech, H2ii Inc., Lenovo Corp., SoftKinetic, Panasonic Corp

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    Image: Vemea.com

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    Spotlight on Kinect

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    A Structured Light Gesture Recognition device Uses PrimeSense PS 1080 image processor

    connected to an IR light and 2 CMOS sensors tofacilitate object acquisition and recognition

    Contains 2 microphones and connects to the Xbox360 via USB 2.0

    Image: Microsoft

    (Microsoft Kinect Teardown , 2010)

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    Image: ifixit.com

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    Released on Nov 4th2010 for $149.99 On the same day, Adafruit Industries announces

    $2,000 reward to the first person who can deliver afully workable Open Source Driver

    Later that day after an article on CNET.comMicrosoft responds with significant disdain andthreatens that theyre going to work closely withlaw enforcement and product safety groups to keep

    Kinect tamper-resistant Adafruit raises the prize to $3,000 stating the

    companys response as the reason for the increase

    (The Open Kinect Project, 2010, Terdiman, 2010)

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    On Nov 10th2010 Adafruit Industries announces awinner and releases open source drivers for Kinect

    On Dec 20th2010 Microsoft denies that the Kinectwas hacked but instead asserts that unencrypted

    USB was intentional Jan 2011, Kinect breaks world record for Fastest-

    Selling Consumer Electronics Device with 8m unitsin 60d (Announced Later)

    Hacker/Project sites for the Kinect sprout up andgain popularity with videos and softwaredownloads posted in abundance

    (Adafruit Industries, 2010; Bishop, 2010; Kinect Confirmed, 2011)

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    On Feb 21st2011 Microsoft announces Kinect forWindows Software Development Kit will be releasedin Spring 2011Former employee and key Kinectdeveloper confesses (on his blog) that he put up

    the $3,000 reward Kinect for Windows beta SDK released in June 2011

    Enabled non-commercial development of applications forKinect.

    Company creates official project pages, blog, andKinect Website to highlight what new andinnovative projects people are creating with theKinect.

    (Lee, 2011)

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    Kinect sales for Xbox 360 steamed forward withrobust holiday 2011 salesAt the time someestimated 11-14m sold

    Kinect Accelerator-Startup incubator program

    announced-10 companies with innovative Kinectsolutions/products/business plans will be selectedon Jan 25th2012 for $20k funding with mentoringby Microsoft developers and managers

    Company announced @ CES 2012 that Kinect iscoming to Windows on February 1st and that salesto date have reached 18m units

    (Kinect Accelerator Program, 2011; Use the Power of Kinect , 2012)

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    Health Care Education

    Mobile Phones

    Automotive

    Robotics/Computer Vision

    Home Media/Appliance Interaction

    Personal Computer Interaction

    Interactive Vending, Signage and Displays

    Security/Identity Management

    Motion Capture for graphics and film effects

    Video Games

    Image: Jeff Ludvick

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    This video shows a person using a delta robotto grasp metals balls using only gestures andbody movements. The robot is actuated bythree servo motors which are controlled by an

    AVR microcontroller. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

    Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embedded

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ub8LKPkhos&feature=player_embedded
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    This video shows a person controlling aremote controlled quad copter.

    http://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ek

    http://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ekhttp://youtu.be/A52FqfOi0Ek
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    This video shows the OmniTouch NaturalUser Interface created by Chris Harrison @Carnegie Melon. It uses a modified MicrosoftKinect and Pico Projector to create a unique

    projection based user interface. http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8

    http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8http://youtu.be/Pz17lbjOFn8
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    What is Disruptive Technology?

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    Have very different package ofattributes mainstream customershistorically valueoften perform far worsealong one or two dimensions important to

    those customersmainstream customersare unwilling to use a disruptive product inapplications they know andunderstanddisruptive technologies tendto be used and valued only in new markets

    or new applications; in fact, they generallymake possible the emergence of newmarkets

    (Bower & Christensen, 1996)

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    The following were disruptive because theyenabled people to do things that theycouldnt previously do with existingtechnologies: Telephone Transistor Radio Photocopier Personal Computers

    Digital Photography Each had significant trade-offs, as the

    disruption occurred they were overcome

    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

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    Is Gesture Recognition a

    Disruptive Technology?

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    1. Signals ofChange

    3. StrategicChoices

    2. CompetitiveBattles

    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

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    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

    Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation

    Are there signs that someone iscapitalizing on opportunities for

    change?

    Serving nonconsumers byintroducing a disruption that

    was previously not convient, tooexpensive or more

    technologically advanced forthem to acquire.

    As a new market innovatorMicrosoft has introduced apackaged that is convient,inexpensive, and does not

    require the user to have specialskills to use it.

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    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

    Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation

    What is the likely result of headto head battles?

    The new market entrant has

    unique and/or abundantresources and is applying themin a way that causes incumbents

    to fail.

    Microsoft is flush withresources. One of the top

    software firms in the world. Thisis no start up. Incumbents are

    scrambling for investments andpartnership with other industry

    powerhouses.

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    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

    Description Disruptive Technology Theory Evaluation

    Are firms making decisions thatincrease or decrease their

    ultimate chances for success?

    Successful disruptors harnessthe forces of disruption by

    selecting the right value networkand marketplace to make their

    stand.

    Microsoft used the Xbox 360,the most popular video gamingdevice on the market as their

    launch pad for Gesture

    Recognition. Additionally, theyhave adopted a previously

    successful communitydevelopment approach to helpthis technology further gain a

    foothold. Incumbents have beenforced into "also ran position

    within the marketplace.

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    Is Gesture Recognition a Disruptive

    Technology?

    Yes!!!

    It is highly likely that Gesture Recognition is in fact a

    Disruptive Technology. The Kinect could act as the vehicle for this disruption.

    This is inline with both the definition of and theorybehind Disruptive Technology

    Microsoft satisfies the 3 Step Process that helpsdetermine if an industry is ripe for disruption.

    (Christensen, Anthony, & Scott, 2003)

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    Implications for Systems

    Engineering?

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    Exponential growth is deceptive. It startsout almost imperceptibly and then explodeswith unexpected furyunexpected, that is,if one does not take care to follow its

    trajectory

    (Kurzweil, 2006)

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    Requirements Definition & Analysis Understand thresholds for Gesture Recognition performance as it relates

    to stakeholder requirements or expectations. Ground Truth vs. MarketingI want to be able to use an Xbox Kinect to! Determine parameters will be used to define performance?

    Architectural Design Identify architectural implications of adding Gesture Recognition into the

    system architecture. Are Gesture Recognition interface requirements creating an issue for the

    systems affordability/ROI?

    Does Gesture Recognition play well with othersInteroperability Issues?

    Implementation & Integration Gesture Recognition may evolve quickly so a balance must be maintained

    between selecting system element solutions too early or too late in the

    process. Too early and you negate enhanced capabilities and opportunities for cost

    savings Too late and you risk adopting technology that has advanced past your

    architectural interfaces. REWORK!

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    In general, international standards and bestpractices do not exist for Gesture Recognition

    This poses some challenge for Systems Engineers

    Bright spots do exist OpenNi is an industry-led organization to promote

    compatibility and interoperability of Natural Interaction(NI) devices applications and middleware.

    Point Cloud Library (PCL) is a cross platform set ofalgorithms for creating data structures that represent a

    collection of multi-dimensional points to recreate orrepresent 3D objects.

    (Introducing OpenNI, 2011)

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    This video created in 2009 by Microsoft toshowcase their vision for the future ofproductivity. Gesture Recognition tech isshown along with other technologies and

    provides compelling view of how things mightevolve in the workplace. http://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsU

    http://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsUhttp://youtu.be/t5X2PxtvMsU
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    This video is from www.theverge.comand theshows host Josh Topolsky visiting withMicrosoft Advanced Research to get a tour oftheir Building 99 and see new innovations

    with the Xbox Kinect. http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84

    http://www.theverge.com/http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84http://youtu.be/4DS_zGm_K84http://www.theverge.com/
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    Questions?

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    Billingshurst, M. (2011). Gesture based interactions. Retrieved from http://www.billbuxton.com/input14.Gesture.pdf

    Bishop, T. (2010, November 20). Microsoft: Kinect wasnt hacked, USB port left open by design. TechFlash.com. Retrievedfrom http://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.html

    Bower, J. L., & Christensen, C. M. (1996). Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave. Harvard Business Review (JanuaryFebruary 1995), pp. 4353.Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13(1), 75-76. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/~spencer/courses/ethics/misc/bower.pdf

    Castaneda, V., & Navab, N. (2011). Time-of-flight and Kinect imaging[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved fromhttp://campar.in.tum.de/twiki/pub/Chair/TeachingSs11Kinect/2011-DSensors_LabCourse_Kinect.pdf

    Christensen, C.M., Roth, E.A., Anthony, S.D. (2004). Seeing what's next: Using theories of innovation to predict industrychange. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Du, W., & Li, H. (2000). Vision based gesture recognition system with single camera.Signal Processing Proceedings, 2000.WCCC-ICSP. 5th International Conference, August 21-25, 2000.Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved fromhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=891796

    Kalgaonkar, K., & Raj, B. (2009). One-handed gesture recognition using ultrasonic doppler sonar. Acoustics, speech andsignal processing, 2009. ICASSP. IEEE International Conference, April 19-24, 2009.Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE ComputerSociety. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4912736

    Kinect Accelerator Program Seeking Innovators. (2011, December 28). Microsoft. Retrieved fromhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/kinectforwindows/archive/2011/12/28/kinect-accelerator-program-seeking-innovators.aspx

    Kinect confirmed as fastest selling consumer electronics device. (2011) Guinness World Records.

    http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Kinect-Confirmed-As-Fastest-Selling-Consumer-Electronics-Device/blog/3376939/7691.html

    Kurzweil, R. (2006) The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. New York, NY: Penguin Group

    Lee, J.C. (2011, February 21). Windows drivers for Kinect, finally!. Retrieved fromhttp://procrastineering.blogspot.com/2011/02/windows-drivers-for-kinect.html

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cked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.techflash.com/seattle/2010/11/microsoft-kinect-not-hacked-left.htmlhttp://www.billbuxton.com/input14.Gesture.pdf
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    Maes, P., Darrell, T., Blumberg, B., & Pentland, A. (1995). The Alive System: Full-body interaction with autonomous agents.

    Computer Animation Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, April, 1995. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society . pp. 11-18.Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=3144

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    The Open Kinect Project- THE OK PRIZE- get $3,000 bounty for Kinect for Xbox 360 open source drivers. (2010, November04). Adafruit Industries. Retrieved from http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/11/04/the-open-kinect-project-the-ok-prize-get-1000-bounty-for-kinect-for-xbox-360-open-source-drivers/

    Terdiman, D. (2010, November 04) Bounty offered for open-source Kinect driver. CNET.com. Retrieved fromhttp://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-20021836-52.html

    Terdiman, D. (2011, February 21) Kinect developer claims credit for hack bounty idea. CNET.com. Retrieved fromhttp://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-20034579-52.html

    Van Camp, J. (2010, October 19). Microsoft reveals Kinect launch games. Digital Trends.com. Retrieved fromhttp://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/microsoft-reveals-kinect-launch-games/

    WE HAVE A WINNER Open Kinect driver(s) released Winner will use $3k for more hacking PLUS an additional $2k goesto the EFF. (2010, November 10). Adafruit Industries (Blog). Retrieved fromhttp://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/11/04/the-open-kinect-project-the-ok-prize-get-1000-bounty-for-kinect-for-xbox-360-open-source-drivers/

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