2012 aapl annual meeting sponsors platinum gold silver san francisco seminar golf a wholly owned...
TRANSCRIPT
2012 AAPL ANNUAL MEETING SPONSORSPLATINUM
GOLD
SILVER
SAN FRANCISCO SEMINAR GOLF
A wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil
BRONZE
58th Annual Meeting - San Francisco
June 13-16, 2012
Downhole Drilling Problems:Drilling Mysteries Revealed!
Kelli Fereday, BP
AAPL - Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Today’s Goal
Drillers have a term for downhole problems that can not be diagnoosed or understood:
The objective of this session is to turn these mysteries into understandable and solvable opportunities for improvement
AAPL - Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Downhole Drilling Problems
• Industry Prevalence• Types of Drilling “Trouble Time” • Impact on Well Safety, Time, and Cost• Causes and Diagnosis of Drilling Problems• Examples and Remedies for Common Problems
– Downhole Failures– Stuck Pipe– Lost Circulation– Wellbore Stability– Well Control– Q&A
AAPL - Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Typical Drilling Time Breakdown
Productive Time50%Non-Productive
Time25%
Invisible Lost Time25%
“Making Hole!Inefficient
Drilling Problems
Impact on the Industry• Biggest Impact - HSE
– Many drilling problems are also associated with increased risk to personnel
Example: Stuck Pipe May Require Jarring which can lead to dropped
objects
Example: Lost Circulation may lead to Lost of Well Control, resulting in
potential Damage to the Environment, Fire and/or Harm to Personnel
Impact on the Industry• Efficiency
– Estimates are as much as 10-40% (25% on average) of drilling time is non-productive time!
– US Rig Count ~1980 rigs, projected need by 2017 is 2500, or approximately a 25% increase
– Imagine being able to close that gap through improvements in drilling performance alone.
– US E&P Budget is about $170BB annually - > $$$
Baker Hughes Rig Countwww.bakerhughes.com
How do we diagnose NPT?• Drilling Reports
– Rig Morning Reports– Mud Reports– Cuttings Analysis
• Downhole and Surface
Measurements• Benchmarking
Sources of NPT – Deepwater Industry Example
DownholeProblems
EquipmentProblems
Top Sources of Downhole Problems
1. Downhole Equipment Failures
2. Downhole Cement Problems
3. Stuck Pipe
4. Lost Circulation
5. Wellbore Stability
6. Well Control
Likely Related
to Geology
Downhole Equipment Failures
• A single equipment failure can– Compromise the integrity of the well– Cost Millions of Dollars to Repair
• Common Equipment Failures– Casing– Drillpipe– Downhole Motors– Downhole Measurement Tools
• MWD• LWD
Vector Motorswww.nov.com
Downhole Cement Problems• Cement Left in Pipe
– Premature Setting– Surface Equipment Pump
Failures
• Cement Not Setting Properly– Cement never sets – “Bad
Shoe” or “No Shoe Test”– Cement allows for gas
migration– Cement seeps away into faults
or fractures – “Partial or Total Losses”
Picture from Halliburton website:
generic example of a cemented wellbore
Stuck Pipe
1. Differential Sticking– Pressure-related – The pipe is “sucked” up against the
formation due to a difference in pressure
2. Mechanical Sticking– A mechanical obstruction– Could be from the formation, wellbore
geometry, or tool failure
Differential Sticking – A Pressure Problem
Mechanical Sticking – Dirty Wellbore
• Too many “solids” in the wellbore!– Indications:
• higher pump pressure• fill on bottom• more “pull” required to move pipe• excessive cuttings on shakers• restricted circulation
• Why?– Unconsolidated Formations– Poor Hole Cleaning
• Prevention– maximise flow rates and rpm– Better mud properties– drill more slowly
Formations Fall in on the pipe!
Mechanical Sticking – Obstructions
• Obstructions– Indications:
• more “pull” required to move pipe• can still circulate• Increased torque• Unable to “make hole”
• Why?– Junk in the Wellbore– Hole Geometry
• Prevention– equipment QA/QC– housekeeping– correct drillstring/BHA design
Tool Failures or Junk in Hole
Doglegs or Underguage Hole
Stuck Pipe – How do we get free?
• Pull Harder (but don’t break it)• Jar on Pipe• Cut Pipe and Fish• Increase or decrease circulation• Pump other types of fluids or
chemicals
Lost Circulation• Conventional drilling utilizes
continuous fluid flow down the drillpipe to:– Remove cuttings– Maintain pressure– Cool the bit
• Key indicator in understanding what is happening downhole
• Circulation must be maintained at all times
• If the circulation is interrupted because fluid is flowing into the formation, that is called “Lost Circulation”
Lost Circulation - Causes
Induced
Natural
Lost Circulation - Solutions
Prevention
LCM
Wellbore Stability
• An unstable wellbore can result in:– Stuck Pipe– Lost Circulation– Loss of the entire wellbore
• 2 Main causes are:– Chemical Instability
• Reactive Formations– Mechanical failure of wellbore
• Faults• Insufficient Mud Weight
Well Control• Well Control means the ability to keep the hydrocarbons where
they belong at all times – in the ground.• Common terms
– “Taking a Kick”– Blowout
• Most dangerous downhole problem
Well Control• What causes loss of well control?
– Multiple Barrier Failures
• Equipment Failures• Loss of fluid pressure in the pipe
counteracting the natural pressure existing in the formation
• Industry Methods dealing with Well Control– Wellbore Monitoring– Well Kill Methods - how to safely remove
hydrocarbons from the wellbore• Circulating Methods• Non-circulating Methods
Mud BOP
Pre
ssu
re
Industry Challenges• The Great Crew Change
• Well Complexity
2000 2006 2012203040506070
43 50 60
Peak Age of Petroleum Engineers
Pete Stark, VP of industry relations for IHS
Technology Game-Changers
• Rig Automation• Advanced Downhole Tools• Real-time montioring• Managed Pressure Drilling• Simulators for Training
www.weatherford.com
Q&A