2012 assessment report survey ax property

2012 ASSESSMENT REPORT

GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, ROCK AND SOIL SAMPLING

MAXMIN HORIZONTAL LOOP ELECTROMAGENETIC SURVEY on the

AX PROPERTY

Liard Mining District British Columbia, Canada

Latitude 59°31’42’’ North by 129°30’45’’ West

U.T.M. NAD 83, Zone 9 471000 m East, 6599000 m North

N.T.S. 104 P/11, 12

Report Prepared For

Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. 1600-409 Granville Street

Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2

Report Prepared By

Christopher Baldys, P.Eng.

Consulting Geologist 23035 Cliff Avenue

Maple Ridge, BC V2X 3L9

December 6, 2012

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BC Geological Survey Assessment Report 33524

Table of Contents Summary 1 Location and Access 2 Climate, Topography and Vegetation 2 Claim Status 3 History 3 Regional Geology 5 Property Geology 6 Alteration and Mineralization 7 2012 Exploration Program 8 Rock Geochemistry Results 8 Soil Geochemistry 10 Conclusions 10 Recommendation 11 References 11 Statement of Qualifications 13 Statement of Costs 14

List of Figures Figure 1 Location Map Following page 2 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claim Map Stratigraphic Column of Cassiar Terrane

Following page 3 Following page 4

Figure 4 Regional Geology Following page 5 Figure 5 Figure 6

Geology Rock and Soil Sample Location Map

Following page 6 Following page 7

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10

Rock and Soil Geochemistry - Silver ppm Rock and Soil Geochemistry - Copper ppm Rock and Soil Geochemistry - Lead ppm Rock and Soil Geochemistry - Zn ppm

Following page 9 Following page 9 Following page 9 Following page 9

Appendices Appendix I MaxMin Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic Survey

2012 Geophysical Report by SJ Geophysics Ltd.

Appendix II Rock Sample Descriptions and Results Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V

Soil Sample Records Assay Certificates and Analytical Procedure Field Photographs

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Summary

This assessment report was prepared at the request of Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. It documents geological mapping, prospecting and MaxMin HL EM survey conducted on AX property between September 17 and September 20, 2012. The AX property is situated 45 km northeast of the town of Cassiar, British Columbia or 60 km southwest of Watson Lake, Yukon; in the Liard Mining Division of British Columbia, Canada. Sixteen mineral claims comprise the property which covers 6,073.96 hectares. The AX mineral showings, were originally staked in 1968. Several excavated and blasted trenches are the only evidence of the exploration work carried out in 1969. Later work by BC government geologists and local hunters resulted in re-discovery of the showing in 1987. Limited work was conducted in the following years after which the property was allowed to lapse with lack of activity until recent years. The showings were staked by Piotr Lutynski in 2009. In 2010 and 2011 Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd., conducted prospecting, rock sampling and soil geochemical survey programs on the property. The subject of this report, are the results of mapping, sampling and MaxMin geophysical surveys completed over the AX showings and surroundings. The total length of MaxMin HL EM survey was 8150 metres. The survey specifications and results are included in Appendix 1 - 2012 Geophysical Report by SJ Geophysics Ltd. The main AX showings are hosted by limestones of Lower Cambrian Rosella Formation. The limestones are the component of the Cassiar Platform – a geological terrane derived from the margin of ancestral North America and transported northward along dextral strike-slip faults. Detailed mapping in 2012 had identified one main thrust fault and two subsidiary structures controlling the hydrothermal fluid flow that produced mineralized quartz breccias at the main AX showings. The mineralized zones are dipping at 40-60° to the east. The main thrust fault (West Zone) has estimated width of minimum 10 metres and can be traced along 550 metre strike length to the north. It hosts galena-chalcosite-sphalerite mineralization with associated silver content of up to 116 g/t within the semi-massive sulphide pods. The total strike length of the West Zone indicated by the rock and soil geochemistry is currently estimated at minimum 1000 metres. Prospecting in 2010 revealed the presence of relatively high copper mineralization found in float along the southern strike extension of this zone. Values of up to 7.35% copper were obtained from a large boulder of quartz-malachite-azurite breccia. MaxMin surveys, conducted in 2012 subsequent with geological mapping, revealed a shallow-dipping electromagnetic conductor coinciding with two subsidiary structures oriented diagonally to the main mineralized thrust fault. Based on rock sampling, these structures have similar style of polymetallic mineralization as the main zone and are generally poorly exposed.

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Limited prospecting in peripheral areas of AX showings resulted in the discovery of mineralization in

quartzites, the lithological unit of Boya Formation underlying the limestones of Rosella Formation. In the

past, limestones were known as the only lithological unit hosting the mineralization on the property.

The 2012 work has further refined the targets for further exploration on the AX property. There are

indications that the mineralization at surface may represents a low temperature remobilization from a

stratabound or stratiform mineralization at depth.

The down-dip extensions of mineralized thrust faults are recommended to be tested with a 1000-metre

diamond drilling program with subsequent programs of ground geophysics and soil geochemical

surveys.

Location and Access

The AX property is located in Liard Mining Division approximately 45 kilometres northeast of the historic mining town of Cassiar, B.C. and 60 km southwest of Watson Lake, YT. The property is accessible by an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) and helicopter. The ATV trail to the property starts at Hot Lake turnoff on Highway 37 at 615 km. The 34 km long trail is quite rough and hard to follow. Helicopter is the best means of access for larger exploration programs and was used daily during in 2012, by the field crew based in Cassiar. Climate, Topography and Vegetation

Climate of the AX property area is typical of uplands in northern BC, with harsh winters and moderate

summers, enhanced by periods of extended daylight lasting up to 20 hours. The exploration field season

extends from early June through to October.

The AX claims lie in a wide U shaped valley with fairly steep ridges on the eastern and western edges of

the claim block. In general, the valley and the mid slopes of the property are relatively subdued with

deeply incised creeks locally forming canyons. The north-northwestern end of the claim holdings covers

an area of relatively low relief with glacial deposits. Limestone and dolomite cliffs and ridges are the

defining morphology features at highest elevations. Overall, the elevations within the property range

from 1,046 to 1,851 m above sea level.

The lower slopes are covered by open forest dominated by spruce, pine, and aspen dwarf birch and

willow in the lower valleys. Alpine shrubs, grasses, scrubby balsam fir and spruce dominate the

vegetation at higher elevations including the area of main showings.

The seasonal drainages throughout the property, especially in the vicinity of the known mineral showings, would be adequate for future exploration requirements. There is no infrastructure on the property.

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Claim Status

The AX property comprises sixteen mineral claims covering 6,073.96 hectares located in Liard Mining Division. Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. of Vancouver, B.C. is the recorded owner of the property, subject to an option agreement with Mr. Piotr Lutynski of Vancouver, BC (see Figure 2). The particulars of the claims are shown on the table below.

Table 1 - AX Claims Status

Tenure Number

Claim Name Owner

Map Number

Issue Date

Good To Date

Status Area (ha)

616643 AX-ELLAROSE 2 138197 100% 104P 2009/AUG/09 2016/JAN/09 GOOD 410.32















809542 AX PB 138197 100% 104P 2010/JUL/05 2016/JAN/09 GOOD 410.28

History

The AX mineral showing, situated within current mineral claim AX-ELLAROSE 1 (Tenure No. 616645), was originally staked in 1968. Several excavated and blasted trenches are the only evidence of the exploration work carried out in 1969. Aside from trenching, the past operators established an extensive, bulldozer constructed survey grid with grid lines a few kilometers long. These lines are oriented at an azimuth of 060°. There are no documented records of this work and the mineral showing had apparently laid idle until its re-discovery in 1987. Between June and August 1987, a B.C. Ministry of Mines geological field crew had mapped the regional components of the Blue Dome map-area (104P/12). This work discovered numerous mineral showings, including the AX silver-copper-lead-zinc occurrence. In 1987, Chris Baldys and Allan E. Poitras staked the AX showing following-up on tips from local hunters. They prospected the area from September 4 to 9, 1987, collecting 14 rock and 2 heavy mineral concentrate samples. Ten samples were assayed for gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper and other elements. The results of the 1987 prospecting program were quite positive, with one sample returning values of 12.5 g/t Ag, 1.3% Cu and 4.8% Pb over 10.0 metres. The following year additional claims were staked to

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cover the buffer area around the main silver-copper-lead-zinc occurrence. No further work was conducted on the property and the claims were allowed to lapse in 1990 following the turmoil in financial markets. The AX mineral showing was re-staked in September 2009 by Mr. Piotr Lutynski, and the subject claims were subsequently optioned to Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. in May 2010. In 2010 Pacific Bay Minerals undertook an exploration program consisting of rock sampling, soil geochemistry surveys and prospecting. Two of the 2010 samples were collected form the discovery outcrop (‘Trench Y’) exposed at the head of a creek canyon (Walus, 2010). The hanging-wall portion of the silicified zone contains malachite and galena mineralization and was the focus of blasting and sampling in the past. One 1.7 metre rock chip sample returned 72.1 g/t Ag, 2.30% Cu, and 26.5% Pb and the second sample, taken across 1.4 metres, returned 1.9 g/t Ag, 0.29% Cu and 0.67% Pb. The BC Geological Survey report from 1988 describes this zone as follows: “Silicified zone 10 to 15 metres wide with 30-centimetre to I -metre-wide mineralized zone: exposed along 300 metres contains massive to disseminated galena, coarse white quartz with chalcopyrite-barite-chalcosite and late brecciated quartz with iron oxides and galena blebs. Grab samples assayed 248, 2 and 40 ppm silver, and <20, <200 and <20 ppb gold, respectively. Hosted in Lower Cambrian Rosella Formation” - from Geology and Patterns of Mineralization, Blue Dome Map Area, Cassiar District (104P/12), by J. Nelson, J.A. Bradford, K.C Green and H. Marsden, Paper 1988-1. During the course of 2010 work a big angular boulder, composed of malachite-azurite cemented quartz breccia, was found approximately 170 metres to the southeast from the old trenches. Representative grab sample from this boulder, which measured 80 x 50 x 40 cm, assayed 1.8 g/t Ag, 7.35% Cu, 1.85% Pb and 258 ppm Zn. No bedrock source of this mineralization type was found to date. A total of 269 soil samples from 9 lines with a combined length of 6 kilometres were collected in 2010. Soil samples returned up to 0.7 ppm Ag, 738 ppm Cu, 1164 ppm Pb and 5497 ppm Zn. As a result, a 1500 x 600 metre anomaly in base metals and silver was outlined in soils. The anomaly is open to the north, northwest, east and south. In 2011, MMI soil geochemical survey (Mobile Metal Ion) was carried out over the overburden covered areas immediately south, east and north of the AX mineral showings. The detection levels using MMI analytical procedures are very low, capable of detecting very low levels of metal-laden soil gas ascending through barren glacio-fluvial overburden. The MMI soil geochemical results showed a new multi-element coincident anomaly centered at UTM coordinates NAD 83, Zone 9, 471100 E by 6599250 N. Within the anomaly individual elements ranged up to: 1 ppb Au, 181 ppb Ag, 33800 ppb Cu, 26400 ppb Pb and 3920 ppb Zn. Both exploration programs, in 2010 and 2011, were successful in reproducing historical rock sampling results and enlarging the target for further exploration through soil geochemical surveys. Airborne geophysical surveys along with mapping and excavator trenching were recommended as a follow-up.

R

CASSIAR TERRANE STRATIGRAPHY

MPs u M - P

EARN GROUP u D - I M

McDAME GROUP mD

TAPIOCA SANDSTONE S-1D

ROAD RIVER GROUP OS

KECHIKA GROUP -CO

R o s e l l a F o r m a t i o n

INGENIKA

GROUP

(Late PC)

ATAN GROUP

Chert, argillitc

Conglomerate and interbedded sandstone (only in TooLsee Lake area) Shale, siltstone and inicrbeddcd sandstone, exhalites

Sandstone, shale, phyllilc siltstone

Limestone and dolostone

Dolostonc. sandy dolostone, quartzite

Biolurbated, line dolomitic siltstone

Dark grey 3illstonc Graphitic slate, argillaceous limestone

Gulf siltstone, limey siltstone phyllite

Limestone, dolostonc and shale

Quartzite

Interbedded quartzite and phyllite

Phyllite

Quartzite, phyllite

Variegated grey, red and green phyllite with limestone bands

imestone

Espee F o r m a t i o n

ClitI forming limestone

grey phyllite Cliff forming limestone

grey phyllite

Cliff forming limestone

Figure 3. Stratigraphic column of the Cassiar Terrane.

A

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Regional Geology

The Property is situated with the Blue Dome map-area of northern British Columbia, north of Cassiar and west of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway. The following description of the regional geological setting is quoted directly from the BC Geological Survey mapping report by Nelson et al. (1988): “The Blue Dome area covers parts of the Cassiar platform and the Sylvester allochthon. The autochthonous section exposed in this part of the Cassiar platform ranges from Lower Cambrian to Lower Mississippian in age. Thick carbonate units, the Lower Cambrian Rosella Formation and the mid-Devonian McDame Group, are regional exploration loci, hosting such deposits as Ketza River in Yukon and Midway in northern British Columbia. In the Blue Dome area quartz breccias with silver and base metal sulphide mineralization occur where faults cut Rosella carbonates. The oldest North American rocks exposed in the area are Lower Cambrian carbonates and clastic sediments of the Atan Group. Above these are Cambrian to Ordovician Kechika Group limy slate, siltstone and limestone, Ordovician to Silurian Road River Group slates, argillaceous limestone and dolomite, Ordovician to Lower Devonian Sandpile Group dolomite, quartz arenite and limestone, then Lower Devonian Tapioca sandstone, which consists of dolomitic quartz arenite, quartzite and dolomite. Overlying McDame Group dolomite, limestone and dolomite breccia are Middle Devonian. Devonian to Mississippian Earn Group slate, argillite, greywacke, siltstone, limestone and exhalites followed. …..the Devonian to Triassic Sylvester allochthon comprises three structurally stacked divisions, each of which represents a separate late Paleozoic tectonic and depositional environment. Upper Triassic sediments are restricted to the highest structural level in Division II. It is suggested that they correlate with autochthonous Triassic strata in the Rocky Mountains and Selwyn basin. Division I, the lowest and therefore assumed to represent the facies originating closest to the late Paleozoic continental margin, is primarily a sedimentary sequence with strong similarities to the Earn Group and overlying Mississippian to Early Permian chert and argillite which occurs at the top of the Cassiar Terrane stratigraphic succession. Division II is an ophiolitic assemblage. It contains fragments of oceanic, ultramafic-gabbroic basement and stratified early Mississippian to Early Permian sequences of interbedded basalt, sediments and diabase sills. Significantly, siliciclastic units identical to Earn Group sandstones are intimately interbedded with basalt flows and tuffs in Division II. Division III is a late Paleozoic island-arc package that resembles Yukon Tanana and Harper Ranch Terrane assemblages, rather than the Slide Mountain Terrane. It contains three suites: a pyroclastic-epiclastic sedimentary sequence with interbedded continentally derived sandstones that is intruded by an early Mississippian pluton; and a widespread Pennsylvanian-Permian island-arc edifice with fringing reefs and chert-limestone-epiclastic marginal facies. The Cretaceous Cassiar batholith consists of granite and granodiorite. The diverse geology of the project area is reflected in its metallogeny and mineral potential. Deposits include Devono-Mississippian exhalites in the Earn Group and Sylvester allochthon, the Cassiar and McDame asbestos deposits in Sylvester serpentinites, the Erickson and Taurus gold deposits in mesothermal quartz veins, and silver-lead-zinc mantos, tungsten skarns and porphyry molybdenum deposits. There are strong geological ties between the Midway silver-lead-zinc manto deposit and Late Cretaceous intrusions, porphyry deposits and skarns.”

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Property Geology

The property is underlain by platformal sedimentary rocks of the Cambrian Atan Grop. The Atan Group

consists of lower siliciclastic unit, the Boya Formation and an upper, carbonate unit, the Rosella

Formation. The stratigraphic position of Atan Group is shown on Figure 4.

Boya Formation consists predominantly of quartzite with varying percentages of interbedded slate and siltstone. Within the mapped area no actual outcrops of this unit were observed. A 200 - 300 metre-wide panel of quartzite, trending northwesterly, was inferred in 1987 during mapping by BC GS geologists, on basis of float scattered directly east and up-slope from the main showings (Figure 5). This further implies that the quartzite unit forms the top of anticlinal crest, and thus reveals only the upper section of Boya Formation stratigraphy with both limbs overlain by Rosella limestone. The formation is a siliciclastic sequence which consists predominantly of quartzite with varying percentages of interbedded slate and siltstone. Sections northeast of the French River, measured by Pope (1989), consist of two members: a lower member of clean, well-sorted white, green and pinkish quartzite, locally micaceous and commonly crossbedded, with minor quartz-pebble conglomerate and an upper member of rhythmically interbedded, grey-weathering, thin-bedded siltstone and brown-weathering medium-bedded sandstone. The upper member is gradational into the interbedded siltstone and limestone of the lowermost Rosella Formation. There is no clear indication of the total thickness of Boya Formation in the available literature. Rosella Formation outcrops of both sides of U-shaped valley forming ridge tops as well as deeply incised limestone canyons and slope breaks in the vicinity of AX showings. This formation consists of thin to thick-bedded limestone with recessive slatey or muddy interbeds. Sections of Rosella Formation mapped Pope in 1989 near the French River, incomplete because of thrust faults, contain thicknesses up to 270 metres. In them, a lower member contains interbedded siltstone and thin to medium-bedded limestone with archeocyathids and trilobite fragments. This is overlain by thin to thick-bedded limestone which locally contains abundant oolitic and intraclastic horizons. Pope interpreted the Rosella Formation in the French River drainage as recording a lagoonal environment with archeocyathid-bearing patch reefs; the oolitic areas represent fore reef environments. This implies a fluctuating shoreline.

The limestone is in part extensively replaced by orange-weathering, coarse secondary dolomite. In 2012 the dolomite was only observed from a distance at higher elevations. The area mapped in 2012 in detail measures 1400 x 800 metres and was centered on the historical AX showings exposed in the creek canyon. The surrounding limestones are exhibiting moderate dips to the east, northeast and southeast, ranging from 40 to 60°. The dips become more gentle, 10-20°, further northwest, near quartzite unit forming anticlinal crest. The main silicified zone - presently referred to as the West Zone – is hosted within a thrust fault that was traced for a distance of 500 metres north from the limestone canyon, along 336° strike (photograph in Appendix VI). Near the northern limit (location 6599500 E and 470600 N), a sub-vertical fault appears to be intersecting the thrust fault causing either its’ termination or an offset to the northeast.

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The southern strike extension of the mineralized thrust fault was inferred from soil anomalies and samples of mineralized boulders collected in the past. The length of the zone in this direction is estimated at 400 to 500 metres. This results in a total composite strike length of the West Zone thrust of 1 kilometer.

Mineralization and Alteration

The AX property contains two mineral showings recorded in Minfile. One of those showings called Ella

Rose (Minfile 104P 097) is located approximately 20 kilometres east of the Blue River. The showing

comprises a 20 metre wide zone of vuggy, fine-grained quartz which hosts blebs of chalcopyrite,

chalcocite, galena and brown sphalerite. Mineralization occurs within a broader zone of dark dolomitic

breccia, within pale grey Lower Cambrian limestone of the Rosella Formation. There are no records of

work performed on this showing beyond a brief evaluation by BC Geological Survey in 1987.

The second showing, called AX (Minfile 104P 106), is located approximately 12 kilometres northeast of

Gallic Lake and 20 kilometres south of the Ella Rose showing. It is situated within present tenure

number 616645. It comprises a wide zone of silicification (10 to 15 metres) with narrower widths (0.30

to 1 metre) containing disseminated to massive galena and crosscutting white quartz stockwork with

chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite (Appendix II and V).

Detailed mapping of mineralized zone in 2012 has identified one major thrust-controlled silicified-

breccia zone (West Zone) flanked to the east by two related subsidiary structures (East Zone 1 and 2)

hosted by limestones (Figure 5).

The West Zone is partly exposed in the creek canyon at UTM location 470897 E and 6598901 N and

represents the original AX discovery described in historical accounts. It forms a resistive outcrop at the

bottom of easily accessible creek bed, just before it forms a steep canyon within recessively weathering

limestone further down along the creek (photograph in Appendix V). The exposed width of the zone is 5

metres (sample 57359). It consists of silicified zone with massive to disseminated galena, coarse white

quartz with chalcosite-barite and late brecciated quartz with iron oxides and galena blebs. The total true

thickness of the zone is unknown but is estimated at minimum 10 metres. Massive galena mineralization

forms 0.3 to 1 metre pods along the hanging wall of the structure (sample 57358, Appendix II).

The West Zone strikes 335° and dips 55° to the northeast. Slicken-sides are present along the exposed

part and signify a recurrent thrust motion during and after the formation of the silicified-mineralized

breccias.

East Zone 1 is a subsidiary structure oriented diagonally to the West Zone and striking in north-

northeasterly direction (photograph in Appendix V). The zone outcrops at the east end of the creek

canyon, approximately 130 metres down-stream from the West Zone outcrop. The zone is well exposed

across its’ entire 6.7 metre true width on the south bank of the creek at location 471000 E, 6599003 N.

The creek fans out into a wide U-shaped valley bottom short distance after this point, and the entire

area becomes overburden covered.

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The hangingwall of the East Zone 1 consists of silicified limestone breccia locally cemented by calcite

with vuggy, porous sections locally exhibiting fine drusy quartz. It is peppered with oxidized sphalerite

blebs and shows malachite staining locally (sample 57354). Gradually the zone becomes more crumbly,

limonitic, toward the footwall, shows more malachite staining, and is dominated with coarse quartz

(samples 57355 and 57356). Occasionally fragments of other rock types than limestone form large clasts

in the mineralized breccia (photograph in Appendix V). Strike orientation is not readily apparent from

the outcrop, but the zone appears to be roughly sub-parallel to the bedding of limestone host. Based on

this, the zone is dipping 43° in the east-southeast direction.

The above outcrop of the East Zone 1 correlates with poorly exposed mineralized structure in the old

trench at location 470962 E and 6598885 N. This was the site of the 10 metre chip sample taken in

1987. Hand digging of 30 to 50 cm pits in 2012, exposed malachite-azurite stained ferricreete cementing

crushed quartz fragments (samples 57351 and 57352).

East Zone 2 is another subsidiary structure of the main, West Zone thrust. The inferred strike orientation

is shown on Figure 5. This zone consists of silicified limestone and quartz clasts cemented by oxidizing

sulphides forming earthy, yellowish-green and limonitic matrix. It was sampled in 2010 at location

471047 E and 6598836 N by A. Walus. This was another site of excavator trenching in the 1960’s.

2012 Exploration Program

During a four-day period from September 17 to 20 a program consisting of geological mapping, geochemical sampling and MaxMin Horizontal Loop EM surveys was conducted on the property. The area around historical AX showings, measuring 1400 x 800 was mapped in detail, in 1:2500 scale. The results were compiled in 1:5000 scale maps for the purpose of this report. A total of 16 rock samples and 14 soils samples were collected. The total length of MaxMin survey was 8150 metres. The MaxMin survey specifications and results are included in Appendix 1 - 2012 - Geophysical Report by SJ Geophysics Ltd. Mapping, rock and soil sampling locations were controlled using Garmin 60CSx GPS. Rock samples were collected using a geological hammer and placed in plastic bags with a number. Weight of the samples ranged from 0.5 kg for small float samples to over 5 kilograms for chip samples from showings. Rock sample descriptions and results are included in Appendix II. Analytical Certificates and Procedures are attached in Appendix IV. Soil samples were collected from B-horizon were possible, usually 10 to 30 cm beneath the organic horizon using a spade. The individual samples were placed in kraft paper bags and delivered to ALS Global prep lab in Whitehorse. Soil sample records are included in Appendix III. The certified results and lab procedures are attached in Appendix IV. Rock Geochemistry Results

Several chip samples were collected during detailed structural mapping of historically known mineralized zones and surrounding areas. The samples returned values that generally reproduced the

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results from past sampling programs and surveys by the BC Geological Survey in 1987. The detailed descriptions and results are available from Appendixes II and IV. The East Zone 2 was not sampled in 2012. However, several rock samples were collected in 2010 from old trench locations, and yielded highly anomalous results (A. Walus, 2010). The results from the West Zone confirmed that the highest content of silver occurs in semi-massive to

massive galena pods along the hanging-wall section. Assays in excess of 20% of Pb, 0.78% Cu and

associated silver of 116 g/t Ag were obtained across 0.8 m width. A 4.7 metre representative chip

sample across the exposed central part of the zone assayed 1.6 g/t Ag, 0.13% Pb and 0.12% Cu. Zinc

results were relatively low (maximum 330 ppm Zn) when compared to the subsidiary mineralized

structures sampled further east. Complete results for the exposed mineralized structures are shown

below in Table 2.

Table 2 - Rock Sample Results for main AX showings

Sample # Zone Width m Ag g/t Cu % Pb % Zn %

57351 East Zone 1 grab 21.3 0.08 0.55 0.17

57352 East Zone 1 grab 8.5 1.24 1.19 0.91

57354 East Zone 1 1.5 8.4 0.05 0.21 5.70

57355 East Zone 1 0.8 7.8 0.08 0.04 0.92

57356 East Zone 1 4.4 17.2 0.37 0.14 0.85

57358 West Zone 0.8 116.0 0.78 >20.00 0.02

57359 West Zone 4.7 1.6 0.12 0.12 0.03

During mapping traverse conducted to the north of historical AX showings, the West Zone thrust was

traced for a considerable distance. A subcrop was encountered and mapped at location 470625 E and

6599376 N some 500 m north from the canyon showing. It consists of silica-breccia zone with minor

siderite, malachite and scattered blebs of sphalerite. The estimated true width is in excess of 5 metres.

One grab sample (57365) was collected from this exposure along with scattered boulders along strike

extensions (samples 57363 and 57364). Base metal values of up to 696 ppm Cu, 241 ppm Pb and 257

ppm Zn were obtained. Silver contents were below detection limit of 0.5 ppm.

Sampling of the East Zone 1 returned results that appear to show higher overall copper and zinc content

comparing to the main West Zone. In addition, hand digging of 30 to 50 cm pits in 2012, exposed

malachite-azurite stained ferricreete with crushed quartz fragments (samples 57351 and 57352). The

trench is now largely covered by rubble. These oxidized samples exhibit similar textures to the best 2010

copper sample that assayed 1.8 g/t Ag, 7.35% Cu, 1.85% Pb, 258 ppm Zn. This sample was taken from

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boulder located 150 m south from the East Zone 1 trenches, but no actual bedrock source of this

mineralization, consisting of sulphide cemented, oxidized quartz breccia, was not found to date.

Limited prospecting in peripheral areas of AX showings resulted in the discovery of mineralization in

quartzites, the lithological unit of Boya Formation underlying the limestones of Rosella Formation. In the

past, limestones were considered as the only lithological unit hosting the mineralization on the AX

property. Three samples of quartzite float, collected immediately west from AX showings, showed

anomalous values of up to 2.2 g/t Ag, 640 ppm Cu, 5090 ppm Pb and 151 ppm Zn. The alteration and

weak mineralization in quartzites appears to have features of both, epigenetic quartz stringer veining

and disseminated style, present in the altered matrix (samples 57353, 57360 and 57362).

The quartzites represent a metamorphic phase of sandstones and exhibit clearly preserved clastic

texture. They occur as scattered float over the grassy slope covering recessively weathering rocks

comprising a cresting anticlinal fold. The anticline was mapped in 1987 by the BC government geologists.

Soil Geochemistry

Fourteen soils samples were collected in 2012 at the northern limit of geological mapping coverage. The purpose was to aid the structural interpretation of the area near the extension of West Zone thrust to the north. There are indications of the thrust being offset by a high angle fault striking 025° in the area. Elevated copper, lead and zinc values at the western end of the soil line suggest a possibility of the continuation of the West Zone in this area (Figures 8 – 10). Certified results and lab procedures are attached in Appendix IV.

Conclusions

The 2012 work program on AX property was designed with the objective of resolving the structural -geological controls of polymetallic mineralization on the property. The detailed mapping had identified one main thrust fault and two subsidiary structures controlling the hydrothermal fluid flow that produced mineralized quartz breccias. Furthermore, the mineralization appears to have been formed under conditions of low temperature based on mineral composition and geochemical suite of elements present. The closest analog to the silver-lead-zinc-copper mineralization on AX claims was originally considered the Silvertip – Midway deposit situated 40 km northwest of the AX property (J.Nelson et al, 1988). Indicated resource for this deposit is currently estimated at 2.46 million grading 315 g/t silver, 5.88% lead, 6.26% zinc and 0.41 g/t gold. In recent years the Silvertip deposit itself had undergone a revision of the genesis and the most recently proposed model is a combination of the following types:

SEDEX type model - represented by the upper zone deposit consisting of pods and lenses of zinc, lead and silver-rich sulphide deposits located within Earn Group siltstones and sandstones

11

Carbonate Replacement Deposit (CRD) model – represented by the gently plunging tubes and mantos of massive sulphides in carbonates of McDame Group, unconformably underlying Earn Group rocks.

The mineralization on AX property has unique characteristics that distinguish it from similar deposits

and prospects of Cassiar Platform. It is hosted in much older sedimentary sequences - Cambrian Atan

Group - and has unusual geochemical suite of elements that include economically significant copper

grades sampled in the past and confirmed in 2012. The best results include values exceeding 200 g/t

silver, and up to 7.35% copper, 26.5% lead and 5.7% Zn. The sulphide mineralization was formed within

highly silicified breccias with accessory calcite, barite and siderite along thrust faults. This assemblage

along with geochemical results suggests a low temperature hydrothermal process and a possible re-

mobilization from another mineralized source at depth. This mineralized source could be a stratabound

or stratiform style mineralization located down-dip from the surface exposures. The newly discovered

mineralization in quartzites supports the above conclusion and may have significant implication for

further exploration.

Recommendations The following work is recommended to advance the property to the next stage of exploration:

Extend the the coverage of 2012 MaxMin HLEM geophysical survey with the following objectives:

1. To better define the shallow-dipping electromagnetic conductor coinciding with East Zones 1 and 2

2. To better define the structural contact and a weak conductor identified in the eastern part of the survey

Conduct ground magnetic survey over the entire MaxMin HLEM survey area and extensions

Extend the soil geochemical survey coverage from previous years to include strike extensions of mineralized zones, quartzite-sandstone unit to the west and the bottom of U-shaped valley to the east of main showings

Perform 1000 metres of diamond drilling to test the down-dip extensions of mineralized zones and the conductive feature identified in 2012 by MaxMin HLEM survey over East Zones 1 and 2.

References Baldys C., 1988: AX Property Assessment Report # 17863 Baldys C., 1989: AX Property Assessment Report # 19403 Blanchflower, D.J., 2011: Assessment Report on the 2011 Geochemical Survey on the AX Propertry Gabrielse H. 1963: McDame Map-Area, Cassiar District, B.C.: Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 319

12

Gordey S. P., Gabrielse H. and Orchard M. J., 1982: Stratigraphy and Structure of Sylvester Allochthon Southwest McDame Map Area, Northern British Columbia, in Current Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 82-18. Pages 101 – 106

Nelson J., Bradford J. A., Green K. C. and Marsden H., 1987: Geology and Patterns of Mineralization, Blue

Dome Map Area, Cassiar District (104 P/12), Paper 1988-1

Nelson J. and Bradford J., 1987: Geology of the Area Around the Midway Deposit, Northern British Columbia (1040/16), B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geological Fieldwork, 1986, Paper 1987-1

Nelson J. and Bradford J. A., 1988: Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Cassiar and McDame Map Area,

BC; Geological Fieldwork 1988, 1989-1

Pope, M.C., 1989b: Depositional EnVIronments and Tectonic Setting of the Lower Cambrian Rosella Formation, Cassiar Mountains, North-central British Columbia; M.Sc. thesis, University of Montana

Thomas, B., Palmer, P., Greenough, G., 2012: Silver Tip Property, Upper Zone (Exhallite) and Lower Zone (Manto), Northern British Columbia, NI 43-101 Technical Report

Walus, A., 2010: Assessment Report on the Geochemical Work on the AX Property

Statement of Qualifications Author Christopher Baldys, P.Eng. I, Christopher Baldys do hereby certify that: 1. I am currently a self-employed consulting geologist based at 23035 Cliff Avenue, Maple Ridge, BC. 2. I graduated with a Degree in Mining Geology from University of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow,

Poland, in 1980. 3. I am a member in good standing with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of

British Columbia and the Association for Mineral Exploration of British Columbia. 4. Since graduating I have worked as a geologist for 28 years in mineral exploration in Canadian

Cordillera, Mexico, South America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 5. This report is based on my work completed on the AX property in the period from September 17 to

20, 2012.

Dated this 6th day of December 2012, Maple Ridge, BC

____________________ Christopher Baldys, P.Eng.

14

Statement of Costs

Cost Item $ Amount

Mapping and Sampling, Chris Baldys, Geologist – 4 days @ $400/day 1600

Tim Dunk, Field Assistant – Sept 17 - @ $325/day 325

Truck Rental plus diesel – 1 week 1,040

MaxMin Geophysical Survey and Report – SJ Geophysics Inc. 11,713

Travel, Chris Baldys, Geologist – 1 day @ $400/day 400

Air Travel, Hotel Accomodation and Meals 507

Cassiar Jade Contracting, Accommodation and Meals – 13 man-days 4,122

Helicopter plus fuel – 4 days 7,750

Analytical Work, 16 rock samples and 14 soil samples – ALS Global 1,329

Data Compilation and Report, Chris Baldys – 3 days @ $600/day 1,800

Miscelanous (field supplies, map scanning, rock cutting) 200

TOTAL $30,786

15

Appendix I

MaxMin Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic Survey 2012 Geophysical Report by SJ Geophysics Ltd.

GEOPHYSICAL REPORT PREPARED FOR

PACIFIC BAY MINERALS LTD.

MAXMIN HORIZONTAL LOOP ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY ON THE AX PROJECT

CASSIAR, BC, CANADA

LATITUDE: N59° 31.7' LONGITUDE: W129° 30.6'BCGS SHEET: 104P053

NTS SHEET: 104P11 & 12

MINING DIVISION: Liard

SURVEY CONDUCTED BY SJ GEOPHYSICS LTD.

SEPTEMBER 2012

REPORT PREPARED BY

CHRIS HERMISTON

SYD VISSER

OCTOBER 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1

2. Location and Access....................................................................................................................2

3. Grid Information..........................................................................................................................4

4. Field Work and Instrumentation..................................................................................................6

4.1. Field Logistics......................................................................................................................6

4.2. Survey Parameters and Instrumentation...............................................................................7

5. Geophysical Techniques..............................................................................................................8

5.1 MaxMin – Horizontal Loop EM Survey Method..................................................................8

6. Quality Assurance and Data Processing......................................................................................9

6.1. Locations..............................................................................................................................9

6.2. MaxMin Data.......................................................................................................................9

7. Data Presentation.......................................................................................................................10

8. Interpretation..............................................................................................................................10

9. Recommendations and Conclusions..........................................................................................14

Appendix A: Statement of Qualifications – Chris Hermiston.......................................................15

Appendix B: Statement of Qualifications – Syd Visser.................................................................16

Appendix C: Survey Details..........................................................................................................17

Ax Grid......................................................................................................................................17

Appendix D: Instrument Specifications.........................................................................................18

Apex MaxMin I-10 Electromagnetic System............................................................................18

Appendix E: References.................................................................................................................21

SJ Geophysics Ltd. / S.J.V. Consultants Ltd. 11966-95A Avenue, Delta, BC, V4C 3W2, Canada iTel: (604) 582-1100 www.sjgeophysics.com

INDEX OF FIGURESFigure 1: Overview map of the Ax project located in British Columbia, Canada...........................2

Figure 2: Location map showing the project area, towns and highways.........................................3

Figure 3: Grid map showing the survey lines for the Ax grid.........................................................5

Figure 4: Stacked profile of 440 Hz in-phase and quadrature components...................................11

Figure 5: Interpretation of 3520 Hz quadrature component..........................................................12

Figure 6: Interpretation of 14080 Hz quadrature component........................................................13

INDEX OF TABLES

Table 1: Grid parameters..................................................................................................................4

Table 2: Details of the SJ Geophysics crew on site.........................................................................6

Table 3: Survey parameters..............................................................................................................8

SJ Geophysics Ltd. / S.J.V. Consultants Ltd. 11966-95A Avenue, Delta, BC, V4C 3W2, Canada iiTel: (604) 582-1100 www.sjgeophysics.com

Geophysical Report – MaxMin HLEM – Ax Project – 2012

1. INTRODUCTION

A MaxMin Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic (HLEM) survey was conducted on the Ax

property for Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. by SJ Geophysics Ltd. between September 17 th and

September 20th, 2012.

The Ax property is located in the Laird Mining Division approximately 35 km northeast of

the old mining town of Cassiar, British Columbia and 75 km southwest of Watson Lake, Yukon

Territory, Canada. The Ax property is a silver and base metal play that lies within the Sylvester

Allochthon just east of the contact with the Cassiar Terrane and to the west of the Cassiar

Batholith. The deposit type at the Ax property is thought to be similar to the nearby Silvertip

Deposit, owned by Silvercorp Metals Inc., and is described on the Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd.

website as follows.

Mineralization on the Ax property consists of stratigraphically and structurally

controlled mantos-type bodies... Mineralization is of high grade, silver-lead-zinc-

copper carbonate replacement type with potential large high tonnage “chimney”

mineralization... mineralization is associated with up to 15 metre wide silicified

zones of brecciated dolomite, hosted in carbonates belonging to the Lower

Cambrian Rosella Formation. Mineralization comprises massive to disseminated

galena, chalcopyrite, covelite, sphalerite, chalcocite, malachite, barite, iron oxides.

http://www.pacificbayminerals.com/projects/ax-silver

During the geophysical field survey, 11 lines totaling 8.1 km were surveyed with the MaxMin

HLEM technique. The survey utilized existing lines that were cut with a bulldozer back in the

late 1960's as part of a trenching program. The survey line lengths generally varied from a couple

hundred metres up to just over a kilometre. Initial data quality control was performed on site by

the field geophysicists. Final quality control, processing, mapping and interpretation were

performed in the offices of S.J.V. Consultants Ltd. in Delta, BC.

This geophysical report summarizes the operational aspects, methodologies and interpretation

results of the geophysical survey.

SJ Geophysics Ltd. / S.J.V. Consultants Ltd. 11966-95A Avenue, Delta, BC, V4C 3W2, Canada 1Tel: (604) 582-1100 www.sjgeophysics.com


2. LOCATION AND ACCESS

The Ax project is located in northern British Columbia, Canada (see Figure 1). The closest

town to the survey area is Watson Lake, YK, which is approximately 75 km directly northeast of

the Ax project. The project area can be accessed from the Cassiar mining camp by All Terrain

Vehicle (ATV). For ease of transportation, the project was accessed by helicopter.


Figure 1: Overview map of the Ax project located in British Columbia, Canada


The Ax project is located in the sub-alpine forests of the Cassiar mountain range. Willow and

heather cover the majority of the ground with sparse spruce, fir and the occasional pine trees.

There was very little wildlife seen during the geophysical survey; however, bears, moose, deer,

wolves, squirrels and ground rodents are all common in this area.


Figure 2: Location map showing the project area, towns and highways


3. GRID INFORMATION

Grid Ax

Number of Survey Lines 11

Survey Line Azimuth Approximately 60º

Line Spacing Approximately 100 m

Station Spacing 25 m

Coil Separation 100 m

Elevation range 1250 – 1500 m

Table 1: Grid parameters

The Ax grid consisted of 11 survey lines, spaced at approximately 100 m with stations every

25 m (see Figure 3). Since there were no line and station labels marked ahead of time, the lines

and stations were flagged every 25 m by the SJ Geophysics crew. Lines labels were based on a

local grid with line 7 being the northernmost line with the line labels increasing southward.

Station labels were based on a local grid with stations increasing eastward. Refer to Appendix C

for a detailed breakdown of the survey lines.

All of the survey location information was recorded by the SJ Geophysics crew, including

GPS control points and slope/clinometric data. Control points were recorded with a Garmin

GPSMAP 62S hand-held GPS in the UTM projection and NAD83 datum Zone 9. Slope data

were recorded with a Suunto hand-held clinometer.

The east end of the Ax grid was located in a swamp and was bordered by a stream. The

majority of the grid was on the side slope of the mountain, where the west end of the grid ended

on top of a ridge. The ground on the Ax grid was solid and the walking was generally good,

except for patches of brush along the lines. A lot of brush and a few trees had grown on the lines

since they were first cleared many years ago. Temperature at the Ax project ranged from around

-2 ºC at night up to 15 ºC during the day. Precipitation was minimal at this time of year so the

conditions were dry.



Figure 3: Grid map showing the survey lines for the Ax grid



4. FIELD WORK AND INSTRUMENTATION

4.1. Field Logistics

An SJ Geophysics field crew typically consists of at least one field geophysicist or technician

and one helper to assist in the day-to-day operation of the survey. The field geophysicists and

technicians oversee all operational aspects including field logistics, data acquisition and initial

field data quality control. Table 2 lists the SJ Geophysics crew members on this project.

The SJ Geophysics crew's first day on site at the Ax Project was September 17 th and they

remained on site through to September 20th.

Crew Member Name Role Dates on Site

Matvei Kootchin Field Geophysicist September 17th – 20th

Chris Hermiston Field Geophysicist September 17th – 20th

Table 2: Details of the SJ Geophysics crew on site

The SJ Geophysics crew was accommodated by the client at the old mining town of Cassiar

BC. Cassiar is now a ghost town, however there are still four old apartment blocks that serve as a

camp for nearby mining and exploration operations. The camp provided all meals, bedding,

phone and internet services. Communication with the office was either by satellite phone or

internet. A hand-held satellite phone for use in emergency situations in the field was provided by

the client.

The project area was accessed entirely by helicopter, which was operated by Tundra

Helicopters, with the crew flown directly to and from the Cassiar mining camp. The weather was

excellent during the survey with the exception of stronger winds in the afternoon. The progress

of the survey was smooth, as no time breaks or injuries occurred during the survey. There was

only one minor slow down on the last day of production because of a broken reference cable, but

this cable was quickly repaired in the field.

During the data acquisition one crew member would operate the receiver unit while the other

crew member would operate the transmitter loop. The receiver operator would always lead,

taking clinometer measurements along the way and flagging the stations using the reference



cable as a tight chain for measuring station distance; the transmitter operator would follow

behind and take GPS measurements when necessary. The survey grid was based on some old

trenched lines dating back to the 1960's, with the exception of line 7N which was based entirely

on idealized coordinates provided by the client. Along the trenched lines there was a significant

amount of regrowth, which consisted of mostly willows and small shrubs, so navigating these

trenches was mildly difficult. Where possible, the crew would continue to survey past the

trenched lines and into the alpine, however this was not possible on all lines because of thick

brush and tree cover. At the start of the survey the 220 Hz setting was attempted, but it proved to

be too noisy to collect good data so this frequency was abandoned for the 440 Hz setting.

Overall, the survey went well and by the end all of the trenched lines were surveyed, along with

extensions to some of the lines.

4.2. Survey Parameters and Instrumentation

The geophysical instrumentation used to acquire the HLEM data consisted of an Apex

MaxMin I-10 system in Max1 mode (horizontal loop mode). For this mode, the transmitter and

receiver coils are tilted to a coplanar orientation parallel to the slope of the terrain.

Electromagnetic fields were generated and measured at four frequencies: 440, 880, 3520 and

14080 Hz. At each station, the in-phase and quadrature (out-of-phase) components of the

electromagnetic field are measured in percent of the primary field. The transmitter and receiver

are connected by a reference cable of 100 m in length. The specifications of these instruments are

listed in Appendix D and the survey parameters are summarized in Table 3.



Horizontal Loop Electromagnetics Apex MaxMin I-10

Station Spacing 25 m

Measured Frequencies 220*, 440, 880, 3520, 14080 Hz

220 Hz was only used on part of line 7

Measured Property In-Phase Component – % of Primary Field

Quadrature Component – % of Primary Field

GPS Garmin GPSMAP 62S

Average Accuracy 5 m

Projection / Datum UTM Projection, NAD83 Zone 9

Table 3: Survey parameters

5. GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

5.1 MaxMin – Horizontal Loop EM Survey Method

A wide variety of electromagnetic techniques are used to map conductivity variations within

the earth. Electromagnetic techniques operate in either the frequency or time domains. In either

instance, a time varying electromagnetic field is established by passing an electrical current

through a coil or very long wire. This primary field will generate eddy currents in a conductive

medium. These eddy currents will in turn generate a secondary EM field which is diagnostic of

the electrical characteristics of the conductive medium excited by the primary field. A wide range

of frequencies and coil configurations are available, each with advantages and disadvantages

with respect to the geometry and attitude of the conductors.

The MaxMin is a frequency domain EM system where the primary field is established by

sending an alternating current through a coil of wire. The receiver measures both the in-phase

and quadrature (out-of-phase) components of the resultant field. A cable connecting the

transmitter and receiver communicates the phase and amplitude of the primary field output from

the transmitter. The primary field, for a specific cable length, is then used as a normalization and

reduction factor for the measured field to yield an amplitude of the secondary field, which is



expressed as a percentage of the primary field. The in-phase component of the primary field is

very sensitive to coil separation and slope. In the horizontal coplanar configuration, the

transmitter and receiver coils are held normal to the ground (in the plane of the slope) at a fixed

distance apart (again in the slope). Corrections can be made after collecting the data if proper

distances and slopes are collected. If there is no response on the lowest in-phase frequency a

correction can be made by subtracting the results of the lowest frequency from the higher in-

phase frequencies.

Characteristics of the MaxMin profiles are determined by two main factors: the geometry and

attitude of the conductive source and the geometry of the receiver and transmitter coils. In the

horizontal coplanar configuration, a conductive response to a vertically oriented plate-like body

typically appears as a negative peak, flanked by two lower amplitude positive shoulders

approximately 1.3 times the coil separation.

6. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND DATA PROCESSING

6.1. Locations

Good quality survey location data is crucial to successful analysis and interpretation of the

collected geophysical data. The quality of the location data for this survey was fair to good.

Although the grid was heavily vegetated, the trees were not excessively thick, so good satellite

coverage was available in most spots. However, in steep ravines and near cliff faces, GPS

multipath effects degraded the satellite signal. As a result, the positional accuracy of some of the

GPS points is questionable. In these areas, the GPS points were removed and the clinometer

measurements combined with an idealized ground distance and azimuth were used to interpolate

locations.

6.2. MaxMin Data

The MaxMin data was dumped to a commercial program called MaxMin Utilities, where

topographic corrections are applied to the data. The corrected data was exported to a spreadsheet,

where suspect or poor quality points are flagged and removed. The lowest in-phase frequency

can then be subtracted from the higher in-phase frequencies as a method of correcting for



topographic error as long as there is no conductive response at the lowest in-phase frequency.

The in-phase and quadrature components are mapped as stacked profiles in plan view for each

frequency for ease of viewing.

7. DATA PRESENTATION

All data was imported into GRASS, an open source GIS package, where stacked profile maps

were generated for each measured frequency. This data was also converted into shape files for

use in a program called QGIS, another open source GIS package, which aided in the creation of

the figures used in the interpretation.

8. INTERPRETATION

The stacked profile map of the 440 Hz signal, see Figure 4 below, shows that there is no

significant response in either the in-phase or the quadrature components that would normally be

seen in the presence of a strong near surface conductor. This would suggest that the variation in

the 440 Hz signal is primarily due to local noise and topographic variation. To correct for these

variations the in-phase component of the 440 Hz signal was subtracted from the in-phase

component of the higher frequencies. The corrected in-phase component of the higher

frequencies also lacks any significant response, which would suggest that there are no strong

near surface conductors. However, the quadrature component at each frequency does show a few

subtle responses.

Figure 5 below shows a stacked profile map of the 3520 Hz quadrature component. This

shows the presence of weak conductors represented as solid green lines. The most dominant

feature strikes north-north-west between lines 13N and 11N. This weak conductor is possibly a

linear feature that dips shallowly to the northeast. There is also another small feature in the west

on line 12N that could be a small stringer similar to the weak conductor to the east of it. These

two subtle features are also seen in the quadrature components of the 880 Hz and 14080 Hz

signals. It is also possible that these two weak conductors are part of a sheet-like feature that dips

shallowly to the northeast, as this type of feature would give a similar electromagnetic signature



to what is seen in the 880, 3520 and 14080 Hz signals. This feature is outlined by a dashed green

line, and the area within it seems to correlate well with mapped zones of mineralization. It should

be noted that there is not presently enough data to confirm or deny this hypothesis.

Figure 5 also shows the presence of an unknown feature at the western edge of lines 14N to

17N, which is represented by a dashed purple line. It is plausible that this feature could be

another weak conductor similar to the feature represented in solid green, however further

investigation is required.


Figure 4: Stacked profile of 440 Hz in-phase and quadrature components


Figure 6 shows the stacked profiles for the 14080 Hz quadrature component. The responses

seen in this figure verify the presence of the previously mentioned features, and also show

another feature of interest in the eastern side of the survey area. This feature is represented by a

black dashed line that cuts roughly north-north-west across lines 7N through 12N. This feature is

interpreted as a contact feature between lithological units. To the east of this contact is a much

more conductive unit that is continuous. It is also plausible that there are conductive clays sitting

on top of the same geological unit, which would give a similar response. Further investigation

would be required to fully map the electromagnetic signature of this structural feature.


Figure 5: Interpretation of 3520 Hz quadrature component



Figure 6: Interpretation of 14080 Hz quadrature component


9. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

The MaxMin HLEM survey carried out on the Ax project suggests that there are two weak

conductors striking north-north-west near the centre of the survey area between lines 11N and

12N along with a structural contact with a similar strike along the eastern side of the survey area.

There is also the presence of an unknown feature in the southwestern portion of the survey area

that has been poorly defined by the data presently collected.

The outline of a plausible shallowly dipping sheet-like feature correlates well with the two

east zones of mineralization that were previously mapped by geologist Chris Baldys. However,

the larger west mineralization zone does not seem to show any electromagnetic signature. Further

investigation is required to delineate the north-western extent of the weak conductors that have

been mapped in this survey.

To effectively map the interpreted features mentioned above it is highly recommended that

lines 9N and 10N are extended to the southwest. It is also recommended that lines 12N through

17N be extended to the northeast to gain further insight into the extent of the structural contact

along the eastern side of the survey area. Finally it is recommended that lines 14N through 17N

be extended to the southwest as far as possible so that the unknown feature can be better defined.

Due to the amount of overburden in the project area, it would also be beneficial to conduct a

ground magnetic survey over the entire MaxMin HLEM survey area and recommended

extensions.

Submitted by:

Chris Hermiston

Syd Visser



APPENDIX A: STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS – CHRIS HERMISTON

I, Chris Hermiston, of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, hereby certify that:

1. I graduated from the University of Victoria in 2010 with a Bachelor of Science in Earth

Science and Physics (Geophysics program).

2. I have worked in the mineral exploration industry since 2008.

3. I have no interest in Pacific Bay Minerals Ltd. Or in any property within the scope of

this report, nor do I expect to receive any.

Signed by

Chris Hermiston, B.Sc.

Field Geophysicist, SJ Geophysics Ltd.

November 2, 2012



APPENDIX B: STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS – SYD VISSER

I, Syd Visser, of 11762 – 94th Avenue, Delta, British Columbia, hereby certify that:

1. I am a graduate from the University of British Columbia, 1981, where I obtained a

B.Sc. (Hon.) degree in Geology and Geophysics.

2. I am a graduate from Haileybury School of Mines, 1971.

3. I have been engaged in mining exploration since 1968.

4. I am a professional Geoscientist registered in British Columbia.

Signed by

Syd Visser, B.Sc., P.Geo.

Senior Geophysicist, SJ Geophysics Ltd.

November 2, 2012



APPENDIX C: SURVEY DETAILS

Ax Grid

Line Series Type Start Station End Station Survey Length (m)

7 N MaxMin 950 2050 1100

8 N MaxMin 1000 2100 1100

9 N MaxMin 1350 2000 650

10 N MaxMin 1350 2000 650

11 N MaxMin 800 2000 1200

12 N MaxMin 800 1600 800

13 N MaxMin 800 1600 800

14 N MaxMin 900 1575 675

15 N MaxMin 1100 1450 350

16 N MaxMin 1100 1625 525

17 N MaxMin 1250 1550 300

Total Linear Metres = 8150

MaxMin = MaxMin Survey Line



APPENDIX D: INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS

Apex MaxMin I-10 Electromagnetic System

Frequencies (Hz): 110, 220, 440, 880, 1760, 3520, 7040, 14080, 28160, 56320

Coil Separations: SET NO.1: 12.5. 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400

metres (the standard set)

SET NO. 2: 10, 20, 40, 60, 80. 100, 120, 160. 200. 240 and 320

metres (selected with grid switch in receiver)

SET NO.3: 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and

1600 feet (selected with grid switch in receiver)

Transmitter dipole

moments:

110 Hz:

220 Hz:

440 Hz:

880 Hz:

1760 Hz:

200 Atm2

190 Atm2

170 Atm2

140 Atm2

110 Atm2

3520 Hz:

7040 Hz:

14080 Hz:

28160 Hz:

56320 Hz:

80 Atm2

40 Atm2

20 Atm2

10 Atm2

5 Atm2

Modes of operation: MAX 1: Horizontal loop or slingram – transmitter and receiver

coil planes horizontal and coplanar.

MAX 2: Vertical coplanar loop mode – transmitter and receiver

coil planes vertical and coplanar.

MIN 1: Perpendicular mode 1 – transmitter coil plane horizontal

and receiver coil plane vertical.

MIN 2: Perpendicular mode 2 – transmitter coil plane vertical and

receiver coil plane horizontal

Parameters measured: In-phase and quadrature components of the secondary magnetic

field, in % of primary field.

Readouts: Analog direct edgewise meter readouts for in-phase, quadrature

and tilt. Additional digital LCD readouts provided in the optional

MMC computer. Interfacing and controls are provided for ready

plug-in of the MMC



Range of readouts: Switch activated analog in-phase and quadrature scales:

0±4%,0±20% and 0±100%, and digital 0±99.9 % auto range with

optional MMC. Analog tilt 0±75% and 0±99% grade with MMC.

Resolution: Analog in-phase and quadrature 0.1 to 1% of primary field,

depending on scale used, digital 0.01% with auto ranging MMC;

tilt 1% of grade.

Repeatability: 0.01 to 1 % of primary field, typical, depending on frequency, coil

separation and conditions.

Signal filtering: Power line comb filter, continuous spheric noise clipping, auto-

adjusting time constant, and more.

Warning lights: Receiver signal and reference warning lights to indicate potential

error conditions.

Survey depth

penetration:

From surface down to 1.5 times coil separation for large horizontal

target and 0./5 times coil separation for large vertical target, values

typical.

Reference cables: Lightweight unshielded 4/2 conductor teflon cable for maximum

operating temperature range and for minimum pulling friction

Intercom: Voice communication link provided for operators via the reference

cable.

Temperature range: Minus 30 to plus 60 degrees Celsius, operating.

Receiver batteries: Four standard 9 V – 0.6 Ah alkaline batteries. Life 25 hours

continuous duty, less in cold weather. Optional 1.2 Ah extended

life lithium batteries available (recommended for very cold

weather).

Transmitter batteries: Standard rechargeable gel-type lead-acid 6 V -28 Ah batteries (4 x

6 V – 7.2 Ah) in nylon belt pack. Optionally rechargeable long life

6 V – 28 Ah nickel-cadmium batteries (20 x 1.2 V – 7 Ah) with



Ni-Cad chargers – best choice for cold climates.

Transmitter battery

chargers:

Lead acid battery charger: 7.3 V @ 2.8 A, Ni-cad battery charger:

2.8 A @ 8 V nominal output. Operation from 110-120 and 220-

240 VAC, 50-60 Hz, and 12.15 VDC supplies.

Receiver weight: 8 Kg carrying weight (including the two ferrite cored antenna

coils), 9 Kg with MMC computer.

Transmitter weight: 16 Kg carrying weight.

Shipping weight: 60 Kg plus weight of reference cables at 3 Kg per 100 metre, plus

optional items if any. Shipped in two aluminum lined field /

shipping cases.

Standard spares: Spare transmitter battery pack, spare transmitter battery charger,

two spare transmitter retractile connecting cords, spare set of

receiver batteries

Options and

accessories:

MMC, MaxMin Computer option

Data interpretation and presentation programs

Reference cables, lengths as required

Reference cable extension adaptor

Hand held inclinometer for rough terrain

Receiver extended life lithium batteries

Transmitter Ni-Cad battery & charger option

Minimal, regular or extended spare parts kit



APPENDIX E: REFERENCES

1. Betz, J. E. Test Program Report with Additional Comments on the MaxMin II

Electromagnetic System of Apex Parametrics Ltd., Toronto. Apex Parametrics Ltd., 1967.

2. Ketola, M. and Puranen, M. Type curves for interpretation of Slingram (horizontal loop)

anomalies over tabular bodies. Geological Survey of Finland, 1967.

3. Wallace, A. Assessment Report on the Geochemical work on the Ax Property.

Assessment Report #4781542, 2010.


16

Appendix II

Rock Sample Descriptions and Results

Sample # Sample Type Description Zone UTM Easting NAD83 Northing NAD83 Elev m

57351 sub-crop Extremely limonitic brown to dk brown weathered, quartz 9 470962 6598885 1394

dominated material, in part resembling fericreete. East 1

Zone trench-central part-50cm pit dug through trench rubble

21.3 ppm Ag, 756 ppm Cu, 0.55% Pb, 0.17% Zn

57352 sub-crop Quartz-clast fault breccia, supported by limonite-malachite 9 470962 6598885 1394

cement and crushed gougy material. East 1 Zone trench -

central part - 30cm pit dug through trench rubble

8.5 ppm Ag, 1.24% Cu, 1.19% Pb, 0.91% Zn

57353 float Silicified Sandstone w specs of malachite after dark grey- 9 470819 6598869 1376

black, tiny blebs, of oxidizing sulphide - chalcosite?

<0.5 ppm Ag, 640 ppm Cu, 109 ppm Pb, 151 ppm Zn

57354 outcrop 1.5m chip across Silicified Breccia in HW of East 1 Zone, 9 470999 6599003 1282

exposed on S bank of canyon. Some vuggy, porous sections

w crustiform fine clear qtz. Loc calcite cement. 60/40 silica

to calcite overall ratio. Mal <0.5%, plus peppered with

dendritic black min locally.

8.4 ppm Ag, 515 ppm Cu, 0.21% Pb, 5.7% Zn

57355 outcrop 0.8m chip across, crudely bedded part of HW with Ls 9 470997 6598998 1359

wedge/bed thrusted into the breccia zone. Section of qtz

min w minor mal, sph?

7.8 ppm Ag, 783 ppm Cu, 393 ppm Pb, 0.92% Zn

57356 outcrop 4.4m chip across coarse quartz dominated zone (70%). Loc 9 470997 6598998 1359

w strongly limonitic, crumbly sections and silicified clasts

of Ls. Overall 1% malachite w scarce blebs of sphalerite.

17.2 ppm Ag, 0.37 %Cu, 0.14% Pb, 0.85% Zn

57357 float Quartz, grey, porous w late calcite veining loc brown 9 470709 6599118 1419

to intense limonitic

4.2 ppm Ag, 79 ppm Cu, 737 ppm Pb, 2.01% Zn

57358 outcrop 0.8m chip across true width of HW of West Zone, at W end 9 470897 6598901 1334

of Ls canyon. Loc pody galena, sphalerite and mal in qtz

dominated best min part of the exposure (2-5%).

116 ppm Ag, 0.78%Cu, >20% Pb, 204 ppm Zn

Sample # Sample Type Description Zone UTM Easting NAD83 Northing NAD83 Elevation

57359 outrop 4.7m chip, true width across exposed portion of central 9 470897 6598901 1334

part of W Zone. Quartz-silica dominated, loc breccia text.

with laminated Argillite? sliver in the mid part. Loc limonite

and yellow - jarusite?

1.6 ppm Ag, 0.12% Cu, 0.13% Pb, 330 ppm Zn

57360 float Sandstone, coarse, gritt-size, matrix supported, w partly 9 470961 6598447 1412

oxidized sph? or gal? in mtx, forming vuggs due to oxidation.

Original 2% sulph content depleted to <0.5% by weathering

2.2 ppm Ag, 118 ppm Cu, 0.51% Pb, 17 ppm Zn

57361 subcrop Alt Ls (or gouge) from leached-clayey fault zone forming 9 470901 6598462 1423

bright yellow-ochre to cinabar-red coloured talus at

base of fault scarp

0.5 ppm Ag, 7 ppm Cu, 28 ppm Pb, 23 ppm Zn

57362 float Quartzitic Sandstone w limonitic martix and limonitic 9 470901 6598608 1380

marigins of scarce qtz string's.Specs of oxidized black sulph.


57363 float Qtz-silica breccia min w minor cpy-sph and loc stong lim- 9 470767 6599445 1259

siderite sections.


57364 float Quartz-silica cemented breccia, min w minor cpy-sph. 9 470716 6599425 1284

Loc strong lim-siderite? weathered sections


57365 sub-crop Quartz-cemented Breccia, min loc with bleby sphalerite 9 470625 6599376 1349

and with occasional malachite stain


57366 float Comb text. qtz veins in Ls, unmin. Near top of Ls ridge. 9 470535 6599430 1395


Abbreviations: mal - malachite sed - sediment/..ary

alt - alteration/altered min - mineralized sph - sphalerite

cpy - chalcopyrite py - pyrite text - texture

dk - dark loc - locally w - with

fract - fracture Ls - limestone

lim - limonitic sil - silicified

17

Appendix III

Soil Sample Records

Sample # Easting NAD 83 Northing NAD 83 Horizon Colour Soil description Slope

AxN-1 470593 6599659 A black fine steep

AxN-2 470625 6599661 A black and lt brn fine steep

AxN-3 470649 6599662 B lt brown fine moderate

AxN-4 470677 6599656 B lt brown fine + talus chips moderate

AxN-5 470701 6599661 A dk brown fine gentle

AxN-6 470728 6599659 B lt grey - brown fine + talus chips gentle

AxN-7 470751 6599659 B lt brown fine + talus chips gentle

AxN-8 470774 6599664 B lt brown fine + talus chips gentle

AxN-9 470801 6599661 B dk brown fine + talus chips gentle

AxN-10 470826 6599658 A+B black fine flat

AxN-11 470852 6599659 B grey-greenish sandy flat

AxN-12 470876 6599656 B grey-greenish sandy flat

AxN-13 470901 6599663 B grey-greenish sandy, gravely clay flat

AxN-14 470926 6599658 B grey-greenish sandy, gravely clay flat

18

Appendix IV

Assay Certificates and Analytical Procedure

Revision 03.01 May 1, 2007

Geochemical Procedure

ME- ICP61

Trace Level Methods Using Conventional ICP- AES Analysis

Sample Decomposition:

HNO3-HClO4-HF-HCl digestion, HCl Leach (GEO-4ACID)

Analytical Method:

Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES)

A prepared sample (0.25 g) is digested with perchloric, nitric, hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids. The residue is topped up with dilute hydrochloric acid and the resulting solution is analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Results are corrected for spectral interelement interferences. NOTE: Four acid digestions are able to dissolve most minerals; however, although the term “near-total” is used, depending on the sample matrix, not all elements are quantitatively extracted.

Element Symbol Units Lower Limit

Upper Limit

Default Overlimit Method

Silver Ag ppm 0.5 100 Ag-OG62 Aluminum Al % 0.01 50 Arsenic As ppm 5 10000 Barium Ba ppm 10 10000 Beryllium Be ppm 0.5 1000 Bismuth Bi ppm 2 10000 Calcium Ca % 0.01 50 Cadmium Cd ppm 0.5 500 Cobalt Co ppm 1 10000 Co-OG62 Chromium Cr ppm 1 10000 Copper Cu ppm 1 10000 Cu-OG62 Iron Fe % 0.01 50 Gallium Ga ppm 10 10000




Upper Limit


Potassium K % 0.01 10 Lanthanum La ppm 10 10000 Magnesium Mg % 0.01 50 Manganese Mn ppm 5 100000 Molybdenum Mo ppm 1 10000 Mo-OG62 Sodium Na % 0.01 10 Nickel Ni ppm 1 10000 Ni-OG62 Phosphorus P ppm 10 10000 Lead Pb ppm 2 10000 Pb-OG62 Sulphur S % 0.01 10 Antimony Sb ppm 5 10000 Scandium Sc ppm 1 10000 Strontium Sr ppm 1 10000 Thorium Th ppm 20 10000 Titanium Ti % 0.01 10 Thallium Tl ppm 10 10000 Uranium U ppm 10 10000 Vanadium V ppm 1 10000 Tungsten W ppm 10 10000 Zinc Zn ppm 2 10000 Zn-OG62



Elements listed below are available upon request


Upper Limit


Lithium Li ppm 10 10000 Niobium Nb ppm 5 2000 Rubidium Rb ppm 10 10000 Selenium Se ppm 10 1000 Tin Sn ppm 10 10000 Tantalum Ta ppm 10 10000 Tellurium Te ppm 10 10000 Yttrium Y ppm 10 10000 Zirconium Zr ppm 5 500

Revision 04.00

Aug 17, 2005

Fire Assay Procedure

Au- AA23 & Au- AA24

Fire Assay Fusion, AAS Finish

Sample Decomposition:

Fire Assay Fusion (FA-FUS01 & FA-FUS02)

Analytical Method:

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) A prepared sample is fused with a mixture of lead oxide, sodium carbonate, borax, silica and other reagents as required, inquarted with 6 mg of gold-free silver and then cupelled to yield a precious metal bead. The bead is digested in 0.5 mL dilute nitric acid in the microwave oven, 0.5 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid is then added and the bead is further digested in the microwave at a lower power setting. The digested solution is cooled, diluted to a total volume of 4 mL with de-mineralized water, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy against matrix-matched standards.

Method Code

Element Symbol Units Sample Weight

(g)

Lower Limit

Upper Limit


Au-AA23

Gold Au ppm 30 0.005 10.0 Au-GRA21

Au-AA24

Gold Au ppm 50 0.005 10.0 Au-GRA22

2012 assessment report survey ax property

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