2012 pancreas and salivary gland

8/10/2019 2012 Pancreas and Salivary Gland

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SALIVARY GLANDS AND PANCREASRoger J. Bick, PhD, MMEd

Reading: Gartner and Hiatt, pp 317-330; Gartner, Hiatt, Strum, pp 262-263

Learning Objectives:

Understand the histology and funtion of the sali!ary glands"

#dentify and $no% the differenes &et%een muous and serous aini and %here they are

loated"

'no% the types of duts of the ma(or sali!ary glands and %here they are found"

#dentify the &asi histology of the panreas and differentiate endorine and e)orine &oth

histologially and funtionally"

o Key !rds: *inar ell, aini, muous ell, serous ell, islet ell, interalated

dut, striated dut, parotid, su&mandi&ular and su&lingual glands

I" IN#ROD$C#ION

+he sali!ary glands are in!ol!ed in the seretion of enymes that aid in digestion as %ell

as the moistening of food" +he panreas seretes numerous enymes that aid in digestion"#t also plays the ma(or role in gluose regulation"

II" SALIVARY GLANDS

Sali!ary glands are lassified aording to their funtion and loation, as %ell as the

predominane of either serous or muous aini" +he ma(or sali!ary glands are the

parotid, su&mandi&ular su&ma)illary., and the su&lingual" +he minor sali!ary glands are

the &ual, palatine, la&ial, and lingual"

/"

*" arotid gland" Serous aini only; /" Su&lingual gland" GH late 1-1-2. i)ed, mostly muousaini %ith serous demilunes"


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%" +he gland struture onsists of a onneti!e tissue stroma %ith &lood !essels,

ner!es, lymphatis and duts" +he onneti!e tissue septae di!ide the glands into lo&ules"

+he aini ma$e up the parenhymal omponent"

C" +he dut system transports the sali!a from the gland to the oral a!ity andmodifies its onentrations of eletrolytes"

#t is omposed of different segments" +he first t%o segments, the interalated and thestriatedduts, are intralo&ular" +hey are seretory duts" +he interalated dut is the first

segment and is lined %ith s4uamous or lo% u&oidal epithelium" #t has an irregular layer

of myoepithelial ells" +he striated dut has a simple olumnar epithelial lining" #t has

harateristi striations on the &asal side aused &y mem&rane in!aginations and

numerous mitohondria" +his struture is in!ol!ed in the transport of %ater and

eletrolytes"

+he interlo&ularduts are loated in the onneti!e tissue of the septae" +hey are lined

initially &y pseudostratified olumnar epithelium along %ith sparse go&let ells" *s the

diameter enlarges, the epithelium &eomes stratified olumnar, and as the dut enters the

oral a!ity it is lined distally %ith non$eratinied stratified s4uamous epithelium"

D" +he ma(or sali!ary glands are paired strutures" +he parotidgland is of the

serous type" +he su&mandi&ular and su&lingual glands are of the mi)ed type" +he

su&mandi&ular gland has a predominane of the serous aini and the su&lingual gland has

a predominane of the muous aini" +he minor sali!ary glands are found sattered

throughout the oral a!ity and are muous glands ontri&uting 705 of the total muus insali!a"

E" yoepithelial ells &as$et ells. are flat and ha!e long ytoplasmi proesses

that aid in ontration" +hey lie &et%een the epithelial ells and the &asal lamina of the

aini"

&" Seretion of the sali!ary glands is stimulated &y the autonomi ner!ous system"

arasympatheti seretion in response to the taste or smell of food,

promotes !asodilatation and opious %atery seretion mouth %aters."

Sympatheti stimulation produes small amount of !isous sali!a"

G'and Acini E(cret!ry d)ct

arotid serous Stenson8s dut

Su&mandi&ular mi)ed serous predominate. 9harton8s dut

Su&lingual mi)ed muous. empty into floor of

outh

III" PANCREAS

#n the adult the a!erage panreas is a&out 12-1 m in length and %eighs 60 to 1:0 g"

Histologially, the panreas has t%o separate omponents, e)orine and endorine glands"

+he e)orine portion ma$es up appro)imately 05 of the organ, and onsists ofnumerous aini aggregated into lo&ules that an &e seen grossly" +he endorine portionannot &e diserned grossly"

A" E(!crine Pancreas

+he panreas has a poorly defined apsule" #t is o!ered &y a thin areolar onneti!e

tissue apsule" +his apsule gi!es rise to the onneti!e tissue septae that di!ide the

panreas into lo&ules" /lood !essels, ner!es, lymphatis and duts tra!erse through the

septae" * prinipal small artery supplies eah lo&ule"
https://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/Intercalated_duct12.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/Intercalated_duct12.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/striated-duct.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/striated-duct.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/inter_vs_intra.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/inter_vs_intra.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/Parotid.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/Pancreas%20and%20Salivary%20Glands/pancreas-low-power.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/Pancreas%20and%20Salivary%20Glands/pancreas-serous-acini.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/Intercalated_duct12.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/striated-duct.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/inter_vs_intra.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/inter_vs_intra.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/New%20Images/Parotid.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/Pancreas%20and%20Salivary%20Glands/pancreas-low-power.htmlhttps://xfiles.uth.tmc.edu/Common/MS-OEP/Histology_Slides/Pancreas%20and%20Salivary%20Glands/pancreas-serous-acini.html


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*inar ells onstitute the ma(ority of the organ" +he ells form rounded or elongated

aini usually at the ends of the interalated duts"

o =" +he ells serete diretly into

ainar lumen though the apial surfae" " HG late 1-2-1." Serous aini only"


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@ong-hain fatty aids, gastri aid and some essential amino aids in the gut stimulate the

release of holeysto$inin" +his hormone promotes seretion of an enyme-rih &ut less

a&undant. fluid"

%" #+e End!crine Pancreas

+he endorine panreas onstitutes 1-25 of the adult panreas"

+he endorine ells form sattered aggregates that form the #slets of @angerhans" >ah

islet is a lightly stained, rounded group %hih is a multihormonal miro-organ" * small

amount of onneti!e tissue aompanies the large apillaries that run though eah islet"

*" /"*" #slet of @angerhans" =ounded group of endorine ells surrounded &y serous ells" /" #slet of

@angerhans"


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SALIVARY GLAND AND PANCREAS LA%ORA#ORY

GOALS AND O%0EC#IVES:

1" Understand the funtion and role played &y the ma(or and minor sali!ary glands"

2" #dentify muous and serous aini" #dentify a serous demilune"

3" 9hat ma(or sali!ary gland is of the serous typeE i)ed typeE

:" 9hat histologi findings ould help differentiate su&lingual from su&mandi&ular glandE" #dentify an interalated dut, striated dut, interlo&ular dut"

6" #dentify the endorine ells of the panreas"

7" #dentify aini and duts, and $no% the funtion of the e)orine panreas"

S'ide 1*2 and 32 and 43 5A0OR SALIVARY GLANDS

1" 9hih ma(or sali!ary gland is loated on eah of these slidesE Ho% do you tell

histologiallyE

2" +ry to loate an e)ample of eah of the ma(or dut types see a&o!e."

3" #dentify serous and muous aini" @oo$ for a serous demilune in s'ide 1*. and 32"

S'ide 144 6 5INOR SALIVARY GLAND

1" #n %hat organ is this gland loatedE2" Ho% do the minor sali!ary glands differ from the ma(or sali!ary glandsE

3" Searh for the glands in this slide in the onneti!e tissue &et%een the epithelium and

musle"

S'ide 1*3 7 PANCREAS8 5!n9ey

1" >)amine the entire slide on lo% po%er; o&ser!e the onneti!e tissue di!iding the

panreas into lo&ules"

2" #dentify the e)orine and endorine islet. ells"

3" +ry to loate and identify the ma(or dut types of the e)orine panreas"

2012 pancreas and salivary gland

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