Greek 1001 Elementary Greek

Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning GreekUnit 10: Greek Pronouns concluded

2013 editionWilfred E. Majorwmajor@lsu.edu 1Ancient Greek for EveryoneThis class AGE Unit 10: Pronouns concludedIn Unit 5, you learned a handful of pronouns that declined either like the definite article or like 3rd declension nouns. This unit completes the pronouns, covering those that mix the two types and/or have individual irregularities. These words may well seem familiar, as they have been glossed frequently in the readings up to this point.2Ancient Greek for EveryoneReview from Unit 5: Introduction to PronounsPronouns in Greek for the most part work very much as they do in English, in that they replace nouns. Since Greek nouns are distinguished by gender, number and case, it is logical that pronouns replace them by these same qualities. That is, a pronoun substitutes for a noun by replacing it in a form that is the same in gender, number and case. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koZFca8AkT0 - Schoolhouse Rock: Grammar Rock: Rufus Xavier Sarsaparilla (Pronouns)Posted in YouTube multiple times 3Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe 1st person pronoun (I/mine/me, we/ours/us): The unaccented singular forms of the genitive, dative and accusative pronouns are enclitic and less emphatic, but otherwise the two forms have the same meaning. singular, , , plural Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe 2nd person pronoun (you/yours): The unaccented singular forms of the genitive, dative and accusative pronouns are enclitic and less emphatic, but otherwise the two forms have the same meaning. singular, , , plural Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe nominative forms are often redundant (since normally the personal ending of the verb tells you the subject), so they appear for emphasis or are used shorthand for a complete statement: . ;I want to stay. And you? .Well, I want to keep marching. Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns In Unit 5, you learned the pronoun , which is the Greek equivalent of several English pronouns: he/his/him, she/hers/her, it/its and they/their/them. English combines the personal pronoun and the word self to form reflexive pronouns: You love yourself. We love ourselves. Greek forms reflexive pronouns in much the same way, using the personal pronoun and adding the corresponding form of .NOTE: Greek does NOT use this combination for emphasis, as English can, e.g., I will deliver it only to you yourself. 7Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe reflexive 1st person pronoun (myself, ourselves): Note: Most often Greek combines the singular forms into one word but does not combine them in the plural. singular(no nominative)/ / plural(no nominative) / / Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe reflexive 2nd person pronouns (yourself, yourselves): Note: Most often Greek combines the singular forms into one word but does not combine them in the plural. singular(no nominative)/ / plural(no nominative) / / Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe reflexive 3rd person pronouns (himself, herself, itself, themselves): Note: Greek uses the archaic 3rd person pronoun as the first unit here. singular(no nominative)/ / plural(no nominative) / / Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsThe reflexive 3rd person pronouns (himself, herself, itself, themselves): Note: Greek can contract this pronoun, with the result that only the rough breathing distinguishes it from the regular pronoun. singular(no nominative)/ / plural(no nominative) / / Ancient Greek for EveryonePronounsGreek has a distinct pronoun that corresponds to the phrase each other. It is called the reciprocal pronoun. Example: . The Greeks are fighting with each other. plural(no nominative) / /Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns In Unit 5, you learned the demonstrative pronouns (that/those) and (this/these). This Unit completes the set of demonstrative pronouns with the pronoun (this/these). The endings of this pronoun are familiar ones from the definite article (i.e., those of the 1st and 2nd declension), but pay close attention to the changes in the stem. This is an extremely common word, and in most forms, if you do not recognize it, you are unlikely to be able to look it up, since it appears in vocabulary lists only under the masculine nominative singular form .

13Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns this/these

Singular PluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 14Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns Notice that the English definitions for and are the same (this/these). While they can translate the same in English, generally speaking, points backwards points forwards For example: .I am telling you this (what I just said).

.I am telling you this (what I am about to say). 15Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns Like other demonstrative pronouns, can substitute for, or be added to, a noun (but it never appears in the attributive position).For example: .The rulers give hope to their children.

.These (men) give hope to these children. 16Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns Adding the prefix - makes refer to the quality of someone or something (this type, this kind or this sort).

Singular PluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 17Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns Adding the prefix - makes refer to the quantity of someone or something (this amount).

Singular PluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 18Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns The remaining pronouns share a pattern: They use 3rd declension endings in the masculine and neuter. In their feminine forms, however, they change their stem and use 1st declension endings. 19Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns These first two pronouns have the stem -, so, just as for nouns, when the endings involve adding a sigma to the stem (nom. sing. = -, dat. plu. = -), the final - disappears from the end of the stem. Since - cannot end a Greek word, in the neuter nominative/accusative singular, the - drops off. In the feminine, these pronouns always use the short - in the nominative and accusative singular.

20Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns all, every, whole

Singular PluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 21Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns As an adjective, translates differently depending on its position and article:

attributive: whole the whole country predicate: all all the countries no article (singular): every every country 22Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns There is also a strengthened form, , that means roughly all together, which declines and functions the same as the core forms. Singular PluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 23Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns The word for one can function as a pronoun or an adjective. It has the stem -, so the masculine nominative singular drops the - and lengthens the stem (compensatory lengthening). In the feminine, the word uses a totally different stem, -, with a short - in the nominative and accusative singular. For logical reasons, this word has only singular forms.

24Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns one

Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 25Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns An important compound of adds the prefixes and to mean no one or nothing. Plural forms are rare, but regular when they occur. Any time that Greek uses instead of for not, also replaces in this pronoun. There is no difference in meaning.

26Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns no one, nothing

Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 27Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns no one, nothing

Singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. 28Ancient Greek for EveryonePronouns concludedAll the pronouns from Unit 5 and Unit 10 are summarized together on a single sheet titled Greek Nouns Adjectives Pronouns master list of endings.

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