2013 nuts & bolts seminar coralville · 2 delinquency • person under age 18 • commits a...
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LITIGATION TRACKJuvenile Law 101
1:30 pm.-2:30 p.m.
Presented byEllen Ramsey-Kacena
Attorney at Law4403 First Avenue SE, Suite 300
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402Phone: 319-393-4683
Email: [email protected]
2013 Nuts & Bolts SeminarCoralville
2013 Nuts & Bolts SeminarCoralville
Wednesday, October 30, 2013Wednesday, October 30, 2013
JUVENILE LAW 101
“Nuts & Bolts” SeminarIowa State Bar Association
Jerry Foxhoven, Drake Legal Clinic
JUVENILE COURT PROCEEDINGS
• Child in Need of Assistance
• Delinquency• Termination of
Parental Rights• Mental/Substance
Abuse Commitments• Adoption
Child in Need of Assistance
• Person under 18 years of age
• Not married prior to case commencing
• Meets statutory definition of CINA
See Iowa Code Section 232.2(6)
Delinquency• Person under age 18• Commits a criminal offense• Adjudication vs. Conviction• Rehabilitation vs. Punishment• Exceptions to Juvenile Court
Jurisdictiona. Simple misdemeanor
traffic, etc.b. Forcible felonies –
ages 16 & 17
Delinquency Proceedings• Informal Adjustment • Consent Decree• Adjudication• Disposition – least
restrictivea. Probationb. Day/evening
treatmentc. Foster Care –
family or groupd. State Training
School
Termination of Parental Rights
• Chapter 232 –Follows CINA Case
• Chapter 600A –Private Termination
Adoption
• Chapter 600 –permanent parent-child relationship established following termination of parental rights of biological parents.
Commitment Proceeding
• Seriously Mentally Impaireda. Mental illnessb. Likely to injure self or others
• Chronic Substance Abusera. Habitual loss of self control – drugsb. Likely to injure self or others
Participants• Child• Child’s Parent,
Guardian or Custodian
• Child’s Guardian ad Litem
• County Attorney• Parents’ Attorney• Foster Parent/
Preadoptive Parent
Juvenile Hearings
• Open to the Public• Exceptions:
a. Harm to child > Public interest
b. Commitment hearings
Child Abuse Assessments
• Confirmed by a preponderance
• Placed on state registry unless:
a. Minor,b. Isolated, andc. Unlikely to reoccur
Emergency Actions• Remove Physical/Sexual
Abuser from Home• No contact order against
perpetrator• Temporary Removal of
Childa. Imminent risk of
harmb. Contrary to
welfare to remainc. Reasonable
efforts made to prevent
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEIowa Code Section 232.2(6)(a) – (q)
• Abandoned or deserted• Physically abused or neglected• Voluntary release of newborn infant• Harmful effects –
a. Mental Injuryb. Lack of Supervision
• Sexual Abuse• Not provided medical, mental or subst.
treatment
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEContinued
• Not provided food, clothing or shelter & refuse help
• Without parent, guardian or custodian• Parent/Child seeks removal for good cause• Parent not provide adequate care due to:
a. Mental capacity or conditionb. Imprisonmentc. Drug or alcohol abuse
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEContinued
• Drug affected child• Manufacture meth in
child’s presence • Safe Haven:
Voluntary release of Newborn
• Knowingly exposingto pornography
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
• Prior to placement, reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for the removal.
• After removal, reasonable efforts to make it possible to return the child to the home.
Adoption and Safe Families Act(ASFA)
• Court has Option to Waive “Reasonable Efforts” Requirement if Parent:
• Has already lost parental rights to that child’s sibling
• Has committed specific types of felonies, including murder or voluntary manslaughter of the child’s sibling.
• Has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances such as abandonment, torture, chronic abuse, and sexual abuse.
CINA DISPOSITIONS
• Custodial Parents• Non-custodial parent• Relative or other suitable adult• Family Foster Care• Treatment family foster care• Community day-evening treatment• Foster group care• Psychiatric Medical Institute for Children• Iowa Juvenile Home at Toledo (?)
Permanency
• Aggravated Circumstances • Periodic six month review• Permanency hearing within 12 months
a. Return child homeb. Continue disposition 6 monthsc. Direct termination petition be filedd. Enter permanency order
Permanency Order
• Transfer custody to other parent
• Guardianship– May Docket in
Probate.
• Custodianship• Another Planned
Permanent Living Arrangement
TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
• Proof by Clear & Convincing Evidence
• One or more statutory ground(s)
Section 232.116(1)(a) – (o)
• Best Interest of Child
Adoption and Safe Families Act(ASFA)
• REQUIRES filing of a TPR Petition:1. If an infant has been abandoned.2. If the parent has committed any of the
felonies included in the previous provisions. OR
3. If the child has been in foster care for 15 of the last 22 months.
EXCEPTIONS TO TERMINATIONDiscretionary
• Relative has custody of child• Child age 10 or older objects• Detrimental to bond between child &
parent• Child institutionalized & not yet for
adoption• Parent absent due to hospitalization or
armed forces
STANDARDS OF EVIDENCEBURDENS OF PROOF
Iowa Juvenile Court Actions
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Waiver of Jurisdiction:– Delinquent Act:
• Probable Cause • Petitioner
– No Reasonable Prospect of Rehabilitation:• Clear & Convincing • Petitioner
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Detention/Shelter Care:– Placement into:
• Probable Cause• Petitioner/State
– Change of Circumstances:• Preponderance• Child
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Adjudication:–Beyond a Reasonable Doubt–Petitioner/State
• Disposition:–Clear & Convincing–Petitioner/State
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Modification (Less Restrictive):– No Clear & Convincing– Opponent
• Modification (More Restrictive):– Clear & Convincing– State
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Permanency Hearing:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Permanency Review Modification:– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances)– Moving Party
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Temporary Removal:–Substantial Evidence–Petitioner/State
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Adjudication:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Disposition:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Reasonable Efforts Review:– Clear & Convincing– State
• Concurrent Jurisdiction:– Preponderance– Moving Party
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Modification (More Restrictive):– Clear & Convincing– State
• Modification (Less Restrictive):– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Review – Return Home:–Preponderance–Parent/Child
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Permanency:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Permanency Review (Modify):– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances)– Moving Party
TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
• Chap. 232 TPR:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• TPR Review:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Chap. 600A TPR:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner
CONTACT POINTS:
Ellen Ramsey-KacenaAttorney at Law4403 First Avenue SE, Ste 300iversity Ave.,Cedar Rapids, IA [email protected](319) 393-4683
1
JUVENILE LAW 101
“Nuts & Bolts” SeminarIowa State Bar Association
Jerry Foxhoven, Drake Legal Clinic
JUVENILE COURT PROCEEDINGS
• Child in Need of Assistance
• Delinquency• Termination of
Parental Rights• Mental/Substance
Abuse Commitments• Adoption
Child in Need of Assistance
• Person under 18 years of age
• Not married prior to case commencing
• Meets statutory definition of CINA
See Iowa Code Section 232.2(6)
2
Delinquency• Person under age 18• Commits a criminal offense• Adjudication vs. Conviction• Rehabilitation vs. Punishment• Exceptions to Juvenile Court
Jurisdictiona. Simple misdemeanor
traffic, etc.b. Forcible felonies –
ages 16 & 17
Delinquency Proceedings• Informal Adjustment • Consent Decree• Adjudication• Disposition – least
restrictivea. Probationb. Day/evening
treatmentc. Foster Care –
family or groupd. State Training
School
Termination of Parental Rights
• Chapter 232 –Follows CINA Case
• Chapter 600A –Private Termination
3
Adoption
• Chapter 600 –permanent parent-child relationship established following termination of parental rights of biological parents.
Commitment Proceeding
• Seriously Mentally Impaireda. Mental illnessb. Likely to injure self
or others• Chronic Substance
Abusera. Habitual loss of self control – drugsb. Likely to injure self or others
Participants• Child• Child’s Parent,
Guardian or Custodian
• Child’s Guardian ad Litem
• County Attorney• Parents’ Attorney• Foster Parent/
Preadoptive Parent
4
Juvenile Hearings
• Open to the Public• Exceptions:
a. Harm to child > Public interest
b. Commitment hearings
Child Abuse Assessments
• Confirmed by a preponderance
• Placed on state registry unless:
a. Minor,b. Isolated, andc. Unlikely to reoccur
Emergency Actions• Remove Physical/Sexual
Abuser from Home• No contact order against
perpetrator• Temporary Removal of
Childa. Imminent risk of
harmb. Contrary to
welfare to remainc. Reasonable
efforts made to prevent
5
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEIowa Code Section 232.2(6)(a) – (q)
• Abandoned or deserted• Physically abused or neglected• Voluntary release of newborn infant• Harmful effects –
a. Mental Injuryb. Lack of Supervision
• Sexual Abuse• Not provided medical, mental or subst.
treatment
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEContinued
• Not provided food, clothing or shelter & refuse help
• Without parent, guardian or custodian• Parent/Child seeks removal for good cause• Parent not provide adequate care due to:
a. Mental capacity or conditionb. Imprisonmentc. Drug or alcohol abuse
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCEContinued
• Drug affected child• Manufacture meth in
child’s presence • Safe Haven:
Voluntary release of Newborn
• Knowingly exposingto pornography
6
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
• Prior to placement, reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for the removal.
• After removal, reasonable efforts to make it possible to return the child to the home.
Adoption and Safe Families Act(ASFA)
• Court has Option to Waive “Reasonable Efforts” Requirement if Parent:
• Has already lost parental rights to that child’s sibling
• Has committed specific types of felonies, including murder or voluntary manslaughter of the child’s sibling.
• Has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances such as abandonment, torture, chronic abuse, and sexual abuse.
CINA DISPOSITIONS
• Custodial Parents• Non-custodial parent• Relative or other suitable adult• Family Foster Care• Treatment family foster care• Community day-evening treatment• Foster group care• Psychiatric Medical Institute for Children• Iowa Juvenile Home at Toledo (?)
7
Permanency
• Aggravated Circumstances • Periodic six month review• Permanency hearing within 12 months
a. Return child homeb. Continue disposition 6 monthsc. Direct termination petition be filedd. Enter permanency order
Permanency Order
• Transfer custody to other parent
• Guardianship– May Docket in
Probate.
• Custodianship• Another Planned
Permanent Living Arrangement
TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
• Proof by Clear & Convincing Evidence
• One or more statutory ground(s)
Section 232.116(1)(a) – (o)
• Best Interest of Child
8
Adoption and Safe Families Act(ASFA)
• REQUIRES filing of a TPR Petition:1. If an infant has been abandoned.2. If the parent has committed any of the
felonies included in the previous provisions. OR
3. If the child has been in foster care for 15 of the last 22 months.
EXCEPTIONS TO TERMINATIONDiscretionary
• Relative has custody of child• Child age 10 or older objects• Detrimental to bond between child &
parent• Child institutionalized & not yet for
adoption• Parent absent due to hospitalization or
armed forces
STANDARDS OF EVIDENCEBURDENS OF PROOF
Iowa Juvenile Court Actions
9
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Waiver of Jurisdiction:– Delinquent Act:
• Probable Cause • Petitioner
– No Reasonable Prospect of Rehabilitation:• Clear & Convincing • Petitioner
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Detention/Shelter Care:– Placement into:
• Probable Cause• Petitioner/State
– Change of Circumstances:• Preponderance• Child
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Adjudication:– Beyond a Reasonable Doubt– Petitioner/State
• Disposition:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
10
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Modification (Less Restrictive):– No Clear & Convincing– Opponent
• Modification (More Restrictive):– Clear & Convincing– State
DELINQUENCY CASES
• Permanency Hearing:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Permanency Review Modification:– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances)– Moving Party
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Temporary Removal:–Substantial Evidence–Petitioner/State
11
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Adjudication:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Disposition:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Reasonable Efforts Review:– Clear & Convincing– State
• Concurrent Jurisdiction:– Preponderance– Moving Party
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Modification (More Restrictive):– Clear & Convincing– State
• Modification (Less Restrictive):– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances
12
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Review – Return Home:– Preponderance– Parent/Child
CHILD IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
• Permanency:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Permanency Review (Modify):– Preponderance (Material Change in
Circumstances)– Moving Party
TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
• Chap. 232 TPR:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• TPR Review:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner/State
• Chap. 600A TPR:– Clear & Convincing– Petitioner
13
CONTACT POINTS:
Ellen Ramsey-KacenaAttorney at Law4403 First Avenue SE, Ste 300iversity Ave.,Cedar Rapids, IA [email protected](319) 393-4683