2013 title 24 summary of changes
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Title 24: Where We’re Headed
with the 2013 Nonresidential
Standards
Martyn Dodd, EnergySoft, LLC
September 27, 2012 (9:00 A.M. to Noon)
Title 24: Where We’re Headed with
the 2013 Nonresidential Standards
Martyn Dodd, EnergySoft, LLC
September 27, 2012 (9:00 A.M. Noon)
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"PG&E" refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation. ©2012 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved.
Title 24: Where We’re Headed with the 2013 Nonresidential Standards Fall 2012 These links are provided as information only and are not in any way to be considered a comprehensive listing or as an endorsement by PG&E. All links were current at time of list creation. An electronic version of this list is available at www.pge.com/energyclasses/ Related Online Resources: California Energy Commission. 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards The CEC provides background information for the Building Energy Efficiency Standards creation. Marked Versions of the 2013 Standards, related documents, Workshop information and their documents are available here. http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/index.html California Energy Commission. Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards The CEC’s web site provides access to the new Title 24 Standards, Residential and Nonresidential Compliance Manuals, Alternative Calculation Manuals, and the 2008 Reference Appendices. Links are also provided for information about Computer Compliance Software and HERS regulations. http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/ California Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan This CPUC plan is a roadmap with goals and strategies for achieving maximum energy savings across all groups and sectors in California. The plan is for the years 2009 to 2020. The latest version of the plan can be downloaded from the California Public Utilities Commission site. http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Energy+Efficiency/eesp/ CALGreen The latest edition of the California Green Building Standards can be downloaded from this page. New Guides to the CALGreen Code and other related publications are also available. http://www.bsc.ca.gov/Home/CALGreen.aspx California Building Climate Zone Map A detailed map of California’s 16 climate zones can be downloaded here. A Google Earth™ version of the map and lists of climate zones by city or zip code are also available. http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/building_climate_zones.html BuildingGreen A great resource for information on environmentally friendly products and energy efficient building design practices. This site provides abstracts of all articles from Environmental Building News, plus full text of selected articles, product reviews, GreenSpec® product information service, case studies on high performance building projects, and a list of resources on green building topics. http://www.buildinggreen.com
Energy Efficiency Class Resources Page 2 of 6
California Commissioning Collaborative The California Commissioning Collaborative is a group of government, utility, and building service professionals organized to develop and promote commissioning practices in the California. The CCC site includes over 40 case studies, and a Library under its Resources heading that contains articles, white papers, guides, and sample commissioning documents. http://www.cacx.org Energy Design Resources (EDR) EDR contains a good collection of resources on the energy efficient operation, design, and construction of buildings. Topics include, design review, lighting systems, HVAC, building envelope, and daylighting. All of EDR’s publications, software, and training materials are organized by technology and building type. http://www.energydesignresources.com/ High-Performance Buildings for High-Tech Industries. LBNL This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory site is a portal to an abundance of research information, Best Practice Guidelines, benchmarking tools, an annotated bibliography, technical papers, articles, and performance standards for energy efficient equipment and practices for data centers, laboratories, and other high-tech facilities. http://hightech.lbl.gov/htindex.html LEED® Green Building Rating System Version 3 This newest version of LEED launched in April 2009. Information about this updated building rating system, LEED training, webcasts, and LEED credentials are available here. All LEED Reference Guides can be downloaded or ordered in hard copy from this USGBC site. Project Profiles and Case Studies can be found under the Resources navigation tab. http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=222 New Buildings Institute New Buildings Institute is a nonprofit corporation that promotes energy efficient building design and operations. This site includes several useful publications under their Technologies category. These include Lighting, HVAC, and other mechanical systems. A link to NBI’s Advanced Buildings suite of building design and operation resources is under the Advanced Design tab. http://www.newbuildings.org/ Lighting Advanced Lighting Guidelines The Advanced Lighting Guidelines are currently only available as a Web-based publication, by subscription. The Guidelines are a comprehensive guide to energy-efficient lighting technologies, products, and best practices. Topics include a Luminaire Directory, Light & Vision, Health & Performance, Lighting Controls, Luminaires and Distribution, Daylighting, and Design Considerations. http://www.algonline.org/ California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) The CLTC is a collaboration between the University of California, Davis and the California Energy Commission. This center focuses on emerging energy efficient lighting technologies and systems. Resources include descriptions of CLTC projects, profiles of lighting demonstrations, reports and presentations on current lighting topics, case studies, and information about educational opportunities. http://cltc.ucdavis.edu International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) The IDA seeks to advance awareness of and solutions for nighttime light pollution. Resources include outdoor lighting design information; a guide to approved fixtures; and the Model Lighting Ordinance, and a list of lighting ordinances for states throughout the U.S. and Europe. http://www.darksky.org/
Energy Efficiency Class Resources Page 3 of 6
Lighting Research Center The Lighting Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s School of Architecture provides unbiased technical and design information about lighting, lighting products, and lighting applications. Some of the topics covered include outdoor lighting, controls, daylighting, environmental issues, street lighting, light and health, solid-state lighting, and lighting efficiency. Many of the LRC’s research program reports and articles are available for download. http://www.lrc.rpi.edu National Lighting Product Information Program NLPIP researches and tests new lighting products. It provides unbiased information about energy-efficient lighting products and technologies. A glossary, NLPIP product reports, application guides, and searchable publication database are among the sites many resources. NLPIP’s Lighting Diagnostics papers document solutions to actual lighting problems. http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/NLPIP/index.asp HVAC ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides ASHRAE developed design guides for six building types; schools, retail, healthcare, offices, hospitality, and warehouses. The goal of these guides is to provide users with the tools to achieve building energy savings that are 30% above the savings of buildings that meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 1999. http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1604 Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). Commercial HVAC Installation Guidelines Both the Guidelines for Energy-Efficient Commercial Unitary HVAC Systems and the accompanying White Paper can be downloaded from CEE’s site. The Guidelines provide best practices, selection criteria, and details of components and systems. HVAC commissioning is also outlined and discussed. http://www.cee1.org/com/hecac/hecac-spec.php3 DDC Online. Iowa Energy Center The Iowa Energy Center provides unbiased information on Direct Digital Controls. This site includes a guide to controls manufacturers and their products, an introduction to Direct Digital Controls, and an Input/Output Tutorial. http://www.ddc-online.org National Building Controls Information Program (NBCIP) NBCIP was established by the Iowa Energy Center and provides unbiased information on building control system products and strategies, including reports that describe the actual performance of products tested by the program. All publications on the site can be downloaded free of charge. http://www.iowaenergycenter.org/energy-efficiency/projects-partnerships/national-building-controls-information-program/ Whole Building Design Guide. High-Performance HVAC This recently updated section of the WBDG presents a comprehensive overview of high performance HVAC equipment and systems. It also describes practices for reducing HVAC energy use, emissions, and costs. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/hvac.php?r=minimize_consumption Building Envelope Building Science Corporation (BSC) BSC promotes the design and construction of sustainable, high performance homes and buildings. This site contains numerous BSC publications on a variety of building and design topics, including wall assemblies and insulation. Publications can be searched by document type or topic. Conference and seminar presentations made by BSC staff are available for download. http://www.buildingscience.com/index_html
Energy Efficiency Class Resources Page 4 of 6
High Performance Commercial Building Façades Produced by Building Technologies Program staff at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, this 133-page document examines the performance of advanced building facades. The report includes technology overviews, a look at the design process, building performance, and case studies. It is available in both HTML and Acrobat® formats. http://gaia.lbl.gov/hpbf or http://gaia.lbl.gov/hpbf/documents/LBNL50502.pdf Journal of Building Enclosure Design Issues of this journal from the Building Enclosure Technology and Environment Council can be downloaded from the Whole Building Design Guide site. http://www.wbdg.org/references/jbed.php Whole Building Design Guide. Building Envelope Design Guide This comprehensive design guide was developed by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Topics include below grade systems, wall systems (including exterior insulation and finish system), fenestration, roofing, and atria systems. http://www.wbdg.org/design/envelope.php Whole Building Design Guide. Daylighting This comprehensive overview by Gregg Ander discusses the benefits of daylighting, basic concepts, design recommendations, materials, and tools for analysis and design. The overview concludes with an annotated list of daylighting related publications. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php Roofs Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) The CRRC provides unbiased ratings for roof products. The Product Listing Directory lists the solar reflectance and thermal emittance of each product. http://www.coolroofs.org Energy Design Resources. Cool Roofs This EDR Design Brief describes how cool roofing works and the benefits of its application to commercial buildings. Estimating energy savings, design considerations, and long-term performance are also discussed. http://www.energydesignresources.com/resources/publications/design-briefs/design-brief-cool-roofs.aspx Energy Star®: Reflective Roof Products Energy Star qualified roof products and manufacturers, plus articles and case studies are provided on this site. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=roof_prods.pr_roof_products Windows and Skylighting Efficient Windows Collaborative The Efficient Windows Collaborative provides impartial information on the benefits of energy efficient windows, plus details on glazes, window types, how they work, a window selection tool, fact sheets, tool kits, and incentive information. http://www.efficientwindows.org Energy Design Resources. SkyCalc™ The SkyCalc software tool for calculating optimum skylighting strategies can be downloaded at no charge from the EDR site. They also provide a brief description of the tool, a User’s Guide and SkyCalc weather files. http://www.energydesignresources.com/resources/software-tools/skycalc.aspx
Energy Efficiency Class Resources Page 5 of 6
National Fenestration Rating Council The NFRC provides an energy performance rating system for window products. This site includes descriptions of window products, information about their site-built certification program, access to NFRC publications, links to software tools, detailed information about their rating system, and a product directory. http://www.nfrc.org Whole Building Design Guide: Windows and Glazing This comprehensive overview by Gregg Ander describes issues and features of window systems and glazing. Terminology and recommendations for specifying windows and glazing are discussed. A case study is included along with resources for additional information. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/windows.php Window Systems for High Performance Buildings This site, from the Center for Sustainable Building Research at the University of Minnesota, provides technical information, performance data, and tools useful in the design of window systems for high performance buildings. Contents include a Façade Design Tool, Case Studies, and resources for additional information. http://www.commercialwindows.org/ PG&E Resources: Business Tools PG&E Business Tools include Energy Usage, Billing History and Rate Comparison Tools. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/myaccount/analysis/ Demand Response Incentives Information on the various Demand Response incentives offered by PG&E can be found here. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/demandresponse/ Energy Analyzer and Audits Here are quick on-line tools for identifying and analyzing business energy use. Tools include an Online Energy Analyzer. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/analyzer/ Money-Back Solutions for your Business by Industry Here you will find information about cash rebates and incentives for replacing existing equipment with new energy efficient technologies or purchasing new equipment. Design assistance for a new facility and system process is also available. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/incentivesbyindustry/ Money-Back Tool Use the Money-Back Tool to instantly get a list of rebates that fit your needs—and see how much you could be saving each year. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/moneybacksolutions/moneybacktool/index.html PG&E PowerPathway™ PowerPathway offers a Portfolio of programs aimed at building capacity within the state of California to produce the skilled workers needed by PG&E and the energy and utility industry. The PowerPathway Portfolio includes four separate but interconnected efforts: Career preparation, Industry workforce challenges, Education, and Green communities. http://www.pge.com/about/careers/powerpathway/ Partners and Trade Professionals PG&E program partners, local contractors and trade professionals offer special assistance in implementing energy efficiency measures for your business. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/partnersandtradepros/
Energy Efficiency Class Resources Page 6 of 6
Self-Generation Incentive Program at Pacific Gas and Electric Financial incentive information, description of eligible technologies, forms, resources, and program contact information can all be accessed here. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/selfgenerationincentive/ Solar Energy PG&E provides information on how a photovoltaic system works; steps to take before installing solar in your home or business; solar schools; and requirements and applications for the California Solar Initiative Program. http://www.pge.com/solar/ Tariff Book This site contains all current gas and electric rate schedules. http://www.pge.com/tariffs/ Third Party Incentive Programs and Fact Sheets PG&E has partnered with energy efficiency specialists in order to extend the reach and effectiveness of energy efficiency, demand response, renewable energy, and self-generation programs. A fact sheet describing all of the specialists and their energy efficiency programs can be downloaded here. Use the search function to find information about all of the programs that are related to your market segment. http://www.pge.com/thirdparty/ Understanding Your Bill Sample business class bills with explanations for each bill item. http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/myaccount/explanationofbill/smallbiz/index.shtml Print Resources Available in the PEC’s Resource Center:
ASHRAE Greenguide. ASHRAE, 2003 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. ASHRAE, 2009 Double-Skin Facades: Integrated Planning. Oesterle, Eberhard. Prestel Verlag, 2001 Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 90.1-
2007 Engineering Weather Data. Michael Kjelgaard. McGraw-Hill, 2001 Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Design Methods for Architects. Norbert Lechner. John Wiley & Sons, 2000 IES Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application, 10th edition. Illuminating Engineering Society, 2011 Intelligent Skins. Michael Wigginton and Jude Harris. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, 11th edition. Walter Grondzik, et al. Wiley, 2009 Residential Windows: A Guide to New Technologies and Energy Performance, 3rd ed. John Carmody,
Stephen Selkowitz, Lisa Heschong. Norton, 2007 Standard for the Design of High Performance Green Buildings. ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard
189.1-2009. Window Systems for High-Performance Buildings. John Carmody, et al. W.W. Norton & Co., 2004
Title 24: Where
We're Headed with
the 2013 Standards
Featuring:
Martyn C. Dodd
EnergySoft, LLC
www.energysoft.com
2
The Pacific Energy Center is a Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be
reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of
Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content
that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing
in any material or product. Questions related to specific
materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.
Welcome
3
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
� Understand the major areas of change in the 2013
Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards including:
� Overall changes in scope and application
� Envelope Requirements
� Mechanical Requirements
� Indoor Lighting Requirements
� Outdoor Lighting Requirements
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and ApplicationOverall Changes in Scope and Application
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
● When and Why?
● Additional Scope of Coverage
● New Registration Procedures
● Performance Modeling
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Update ScheduleUpdate Schedule
� May 31, 2012 Business Meeting – Language Adoption
� Jan 1, 2014 Implementation Date
Any projects that apply for permit on or after Jan 1, 2014 will be
subject to the 2013 Standards.
� Information and Documents available at:
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/
5
Scope & Application
2013 Update Policy Drivers2013 Update Policy Drivers
� By 2020:
� All California new residential
construction zero net energy
� Low-income homes energy efficient
� By 2030:
� All California new commercial
construction zero net energy
� Reshape HVAC industry to ensure
optimal equipment performance
Big, bold strategies for energy savings
6
Scope & Application
Revised StandardsRevised Standards
� All Standards subchapters are now
renumbered
� Using a decimal system
� Section 150 becomes 150.0
� Section 151 becomes 150.1
� All other conventions stay the same.
7
Computer RoomsComputer Rooms
Section 140.9(a)
Prescriptive Requirements for Computer Rooms
� Integrated economizers required for each cooling fan
system, to meet 100% of expected load at OA temperature
of 55F
� Exception under 5 ton units
� Controls that prevent reheating, recooling or simultaneous
heating and cooling
� Non-adiabatic humidification (steam, infrared) is prohibited
8
Scope & Application
Computer RoomsComputer Rooms
Section 140.9(a) (cont)
� The total fan power at design conditions of each fan system
shall not exceed 27 W/kBtuh of net sensible cooling capacity
� Two-speed or variable speed control on fans with motor
demand limitations
� Air barriers for containment –to prevent discharge air from
recirculating
9
Scope & Application
Commercial KitchensCommercial Kitchens
Section 140.9(b)
Prescriptive Requirements for Commercial Kitchens
� Reduce short-circuiting of kitchen exhaust hoods –
replacement air limited to 10% of hood exhaust airflow
rate
� Maximum exhaust flow rate requirements –TABLE
140.9–A
� Limitations on heated or cooled makeup air for spaces
with exhaust hoods
10
Scope & Application
Commercial KitchensCommercial Kitchens
Section 140.9(b) (cont)
� For kitchens with Type I + Type II exhaust hoods >
5,000 cfm
� At least 50% of replacement air is transfer air
� Demand ventilation controls on >= 75% of exhaust
air system
� Energy recovery devices with recovery effectiveness
>= 40% on at least 50% of total exhaust airflow
� 75% or more of makeup air volume is unheated or
uncooled
� Kitchen exhaust system acceptance testing
11
Scope & Application
LaboratoriesLaboratories
Section 140.9(c)
Prescriptive Requirements for Laboratory Exhaust Systems
� For laboratory circulation rates <= 10 air changes per hour
� Zone exhaust and makeup airflow rates shall be capable of
reducing to regulated minimum circulation rates or rate
necessary to maintain pressurization, whichever is larger
12
Scope & Application
Refrigerated WarehousesRefrigerated Warehouses
� Section 120.6(a)
� Some increases in insulation requirements
� Some changes to mechanical requirements
� Added Infiltration Barrier requirement
� Air Curtain
� Closing Door
13
Scope & Application
Commercial Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration
� Section 120.6(b)
� Retail food stores > 8,000 square feet of conditioned area
� Have refrigerated display cases
or
� Have walk-in coolers or freezers connected to remote
compressor units or condensing units
� Condenser requirements
� Compressor requirements
� Display case lighting control requirements
� Refrigeration heat recovery requirements
14
Scope & Application
Parking GaragesParking Garages
� Section 120.6(c)
� Mechanical ventilation systems for enclosed parking
garages where the total design exhaust rate for the garage
is > 10,000 cfm
� Automatically detect contaminant levels and stage fans
or modulate fan airflow rates to 50% or less of design
capacity provided acceptable contaminant levels are
maintained.
� Have controls and/or devices that will result in fan motor
demand of no more than 30 percent of design wattage at
50% of design airflow.
� One CO sensor per 5,000 sq ft.
15
Scope & Application
Parking GaragesParking Garages
� Parking Garage Controls (cont)
� CO concentration at all sensors is maintained ≤ 25 parts
per million (ppm) at all times.
� The ventilation rate shall be at least 0.15 cfm/sq ft when
the garage is scheduled to be occupied.
� The system shall maintain the garage at negative or
neutral pressure relative to other occupiable spaces
when the garage is scheduled to be occupied.
EXCEPTION to Section 120.6(c): Any garage, or portion
of a garage, where more than 20% of the vehicles
expected to be stored have non gasoline combustion
engines.
16
Scope & Application
Process BoilersProcess Boilers
Section 120.6(d)
� Boiler, or group of boilers served by a common exhaust stack
with a combined heat input capacity of > 2,500,000 Btu/h
� Equipped with a combustion air positive shut-off. (flue
damper or a vent damper)
� Boiler with combustion air fan motors rated at 10+ horsepower
� Variable speed drive or equivalent
� Boiler with input capacity > 5,000,000 Btu/h
� Maintain excess (stack-gas) oxygen concentrations <= 5%
� Boiler with input capacity > 10,000,000 Btu/h
� Maintain excess (stack gas) oxygen concentrations <= 3%
17
Scope & Application
Compressed AirCompressed Air
� New compressed air systems, and all additions or
alterations of compressed air systems where the total
combined compressor power is > 25 hp
� The compressed air system shall be equipped with an
appropriate sized trim compressor and primary storage to
provide acceptable performance across the range of a
system and to avoid control gaps.
� Compressed air systems with more than one
compressor, having a combined horsepower rating >
100 hp, must operate with an approved controller that is
able to choose the most energy efficient combination of
compressors within the system based on the current air
demand as measured by a sensor.
18
Scope & Application
Design ReviewDesign Review
� All nonresidential, hotel/motel &
highrise residential
� Requires a Design Review Kickoff
Certificate(s) of Compliance and
� Construction Document Design
Review Checklist Certificate(s) of
Compliance
� Completed and signed by a licensed
professional engineer (PE)
19
Scope & Application
Design ReviewDesign Review
� Buildings less than 10,000 sq ft may
be the engineer of record.
� Buildings greater than 10,000 sq ft but
less than 50,000 sq ft, shall be a
qualified in-house engineer with no
other project involvement or a third
party engineer
� Buildings greater than 50,000 sq ft
and all buildings with complex
mechanical systems, the licensed
professional engineer shall be a third
party.
20
Scope & Application
Design ReviewDesign Review
21
Scope & Application
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE and
DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLIST DESC-2C
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS (Page x of xx)Project Name/Address:
General Information
Climate Zone: Building Type: Conditioned Area (sf):
Reviewer's Name: Reviewer's Agency:
Note: Design Review for each system/subsystem must be submitted
Enforcement Agency: Permit Number:
Enforcement Agency Use: Checked by Enforcement Agency Use: Date
ENVELOPE
Code
Section
Measure Complies
Does Not
Comply
Consider
Better
Practice
Notes
FENESTRATION PRODUCTS AND EXTERIOR DOORS
116(a)2 A fenestration product’s U-factor shall be rated in
accordance with NFRC 100, or the applicable default
Ufactor set forth in TABLE 116-A. (Exception: Skylights). N/A
116(a)3
A fenestration product’s SHGC shall be rated in
accordance with NFRC 200 for site-built fenestration, or
use the applicable default SHGC set forth in TABLE 116-B.
(Exception: Skylights). N/A
143(a)5.A
Total and west-facing window area shall be no greater
than 40% of gross west facing exterior wall area or 6
times the west facing display perimeter, whichever is
greater N/A
143(a)5.B-CWindows shall have a U-factor and reflective solar heat
gain no greater than the applicable value in TABLE 143-A,
TABLE 143-B, or TABLE 143-C N/A
CommissioningCommissioning
22
Scope & Application � Section 120.8 (moved from Green Building Standard)
� All nonresidential buildings > 10,000 sq ft
� Owner’s or owner representative’s project requirements
� Basis of design
� Design phase design review
� Commissioning measures shown in the construction
documents
� Commissioning plan
� Functional performance testing
� Documentation and training
� Commissioning report
CommissioningCommissioning
23
Scope & Application Owner’s or Owner representative’s Project Requirements
(OPR)
� The energy-related expectations and requirements of the
building shall be documented before the design phase of the
project begins. This documentation shall include the
following:
� Energy efficiency goals
� Ventilation requirements
� Project program, including facility functions and hours of
operation, and need for after hours operation
� Equipment and systems expectations
CommissioningCommissioning
24
Scope & Application Basis of Design (BOD)
� A written explanation of how the design of the building
systems meets the OPR shall be completed at the design
phase of the building project, and updated as necessary
during the design and construction phases. The Basis of
Design document shall cover the following systems:
1. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems
and controls
2. Indoor lighting system and controls
3. Water heating system
4. Covered processes
CommissioningCommissioning
25
Scope & Application Design Phase Design Review
� During the schematic design phase of the building project,
the owner or owner’s representative, design team and
design reviewer must meet to discuss the project scope,
schedule and how the design reviewer will coordinate with
the project team. The building owner or owner's
representative shall include the Design Review Checklist
compliance form in the Certificate of Compliance
documentation
CommissioningCommissioning
26
Scope & Application Construction Documents Design Review
� The Construction Documents Design Review compliance
form lists the items that shall be checked by the design
reviewer during the construction document review. The
completed form shall be returned to the owner and design
team for review and sign-off. The building owner or owner's
representative shall include this Construction Documents
Design Review compliance form in the Certificate of
Compliance documentation
CommissioningCommissioning
Commissioning measures shown in the construction
documents
� Include commissioning measures or requirements in the
construction documents (plans and specifications)
� Commissioning measures or requirements should be clear,
detailed and complete to clarify the commissioning process.
These requirements should include the list of systems and
assemblies commissioned, testing scope, roles and
responsibilities of contractors, requirements for meetings,
management of issues, of the commissioning schedule, of
operations and maintenance manual development and of
training, of checklist and test form development, execution
and documentation.
� Include, for information only, roles of non-contractor parties.27
CommissioningCommissioning
28
Scope & Application Commissioning Plan
� Prior to permit issuance a commissioning plan shall be
completed to document how the project will be
commissioned and shall be started during the design phase
of the building project.
� The Commissioning Plan shall include the following:
� General project information;
� Commissioning goals;
� Systems to be commissioned.
CommissioningCommissioning
29
Scope & Application Commissioning Plan (cont)
� Plans to test systems and components shall include:
� An explanation of the original design intent
� Equipment and systems to be tested, including the extent
of tests
� Functions to be tested
� Conditions under which the test shall be performed
� Measurable criteria for acceptable performance
� Commissioning team information
� Commissioning process activities, schedules and
responsibilities. Plans for the completion.
CommissioningCommissioning
30
Scope & Application Functional performance testing
� Functional performance tests shall demonstrate the correct
installation and operation of each component, system and
system-to-system interface in accordance with the
Construction Documents.
� Functional performance testing reports shall contain
information addressing each of the building components
tested, the testing methods utilized, and include any
readings and adjustments made.
� All Acceptance Requirements for Code Compliance shall be
completed as part of this functional performance testing.
CommissioningCommissioning
31
Scope & Application Documentation and training
� A Systems Manual shall be completed.
� Documentation of the operational aspects of the building
shall be completed within the Systems Manual and delivered
to the building owner or representative and facilities
operator. The Systems Manual shall include the following:
� Site information, including facility description, history and
current requirements
� Site contact information
� Basic operations and maintenance, including general site
operating procedures, basic troubleshooting,
recommended maintenance requirements, site events
log
CommissioningCommissioning
32
Scope & Application Systems Manual (cont)
� Major systems
� Site equipment inventory and maintenance notes
� A copy of all special inspection verifications required by
the enforcing agency or this code
� Other resources and documentation.
CommissioningCommissioning
33
Scope & Application Documentation and training
� Systems operations training
� The training of the appropriate maintenance staff for
each equipment type and/or system shall be documented
in the commissioning report and shall include the following:
� System/equipment overview (what it is, what it does and
with what other systems and/or equipment it interfaces)
� Review and demonstration of operation, servicing and
preventive maintenance
� Review of the information in the Systems Manual
� Review of the record drawings on the system/equipment
CommissioningCommissioning
34
Scope & Application Commissioning report
� A complete report of commissioning process activities
undertaken through the design, construction and reporting
recommendations for post-construction phases of the
building project shall be completed and provided to the
owner or representative.
Electrical Power DistributionElectrical Power Distribution
Section 130.5(a)
� Minimum requirement for metering of electrical load
35
Scope & Application
Metering Requirements
Meter TypeServices <= 50kVA
50 kVA < Services
<= 250kVa
250 kVA < Services
<= 1000 kVa
Services
> 1000 kVa
Instantaneous (at the time) kW
demandReq Req Req Req
Historical peak demand (kW) Req Req
Resettable kWh Req Req Req Req
kWh per rate period Req
Electrical Power DistributionElectrical Power Distribution
Section 130.5(b)
� Minimum requirement for separation of electrical load
36
Scope & Application
Load TypeServices <=
50kVA
50 kVA < Services
<= 250kVa
250 kVA < Services
<= 1000 kVa
Services
> 1000 kVa
Lighting A D D
HVAC Systems A D D
Domestic Hot Water A A A
Plug Loads A A D
Elevators & Escalators A A A
Appliances 25 kVa or higher A D D
Load Centers 25 kVa or higher A D D
Renewable Power Source Each Group Each Group Each Group Each Group
Renewable Loads A A A
Charging Stations A A A A
A: Aggregated load D: All loads disaggregated (see standard for details)
Nonresidential Forms RegistrationNonresidential Forms Registration
� Will require registration of all nonresidential compliance
documents with a HERS provider (CalCERTS, etc)
� Similar to HERS registration process in place now
� Registered versions of the compliance forms will be issued
by the provider
� Registered versions of the compliance forms will be required
by the building department
� Implementation date: January 1, 2015 (1-year delay is to
allow time to prepare the infrastructure)
� Note that unlike residential, this will apply to all
nonresidential buildings
37
Scope & Application
RepositoryRepository
� An electronic storage mechanism to archive all residential
HERS and Nonresidential compliance documents
� HERS providers will place registered documents, and
probably data files describing the buildings into the
repository
� Will provide an archived “snapshot” of the building for the
CEC
38
Scope & Application
� Valuations for electricity, natural gas, and
propane
� (Energy units) x (applicable TDV multiplier)
� TDV multipliers vary by
� energy type
� climate zone
� building type (e.g. low-rise residential)
� date and hour
Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) EnergyTime Dependent Valuation (TDV) Energy
39
Scope & Application
TDV and Electricity Time-of-Day PeaksTDV and Electricity Time-of-Day Peaks
40
Source: Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) – Economics Methodology:
PG&E Code Change Proposal 2005 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Update
With TDV value, a kWh saved at a high-cost peak hour is valued
more highly than a kWh saved during an off-peak hour
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Energy Value
High-value energy (mid day, early afternoon)
Lower-value energy(early morning, late night)
TDV energy value
Flat energy value
Scope & Application
TDV and Time-of-Year PeaksTDV and Time-of-Year Peaks
41
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan 1
Feb 1
Mar 1
Apr 1
May 1
Jun 1
Jul 1
Aug 1
Sep 1
Oct 1
Nov 1
Dec 1
kBtu/kWh
Annual Residential Electricity — Climate Zone 12
Scope & Application
Time Dependent ValuationTime Dependent Valuation
� Values for TDV energy will increase
� Significant increases in Electricity and Propane
42
Scope & Application
Average TDV Multipliers
Year Natural Gas Propane Electricity
2008 1.48 1.90 4.09
2013 1.60 4.11 6.23
Increase 8% 116% 52%
Source: Ken Nittler, Nov 2011 CABEC conference
Updated WeatherUpdated Weather
� New weather data used in performance
� Uses NREL dataset from 2009
� Data based upon historical average
� New “reference cities”
� Zone 6 - Torrance
� Zone 8 – Fullerton
� Zone 14 – Palmdale
� Zone 15 – Palm Springs
� Zone 16 – Blue Canyon
� Climate zone boundaries remain the
same43
Scope & Application
Low-rise Residential Performance ModelingLow-rise Residential Performance Modeling
� ACM Manual and rules still under development
� Modeling will use new simulation engine CSE (California
Simulation Engine)
� Simulation will go from once per hour to 30 times per hour
for more accurate mass simulations
� Run times will be slower
� Credit for Photovoltaic systems in certain climate zones
� CEC will maintain new Compliance Manager software that
will provide Standard/Proposed building rules modeling
� All software vendors will use the same Compliance Manager
plug-in for Title 24 results
44
Scope & Application
Nonresidential Performance ModelingNonresidential Performance Modeling
� New performance modeling guidelines under development
� Will encompass additional building types
� Will include additional “standard” system types for
comparison
45
Scope & Application
Low-rise Residential EnvelopeLow-rise Residential Envelope
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
● Mandatory Measures
● Fenestration & Insulation
● Radiant Barriers
● Additions and Alterations
● Solar Zones
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Mandatory MeasuresMandatory Measures
� Frame wall insulation minimum = R-13
� Ceiling/Roof insulation minimum = R-30
� Exception: Addition/Alteration = R-19
� Raised floor insulation minimum = R-19
� Vapor barrier on walls in Zones 14 & 16
� All zones, unvented crawlspace vapor barrier
� Maximum fenestration U-factor = 0.58
� Can average across entire home
� Exception: up to 10 sqft (or 0.5% times floor area) of
fenestration
47
Low-rise Residential Envelope
FenestrationFenestration
� Windows:
� Prescriptive U-factor = 0.32 in all
climate zones
� Prescriptive SHGC = 0.25 (except
zones 1,3, & 5)
� Prescriptive maximum west area of
5% (except zones 1,3,5 & 6)
� Can use NA-6 formulas for center of
glass when using site-built
fenestration
48
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Cool RoofsCool Roofs
� Prescriptive Requirement
� Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13, 15)
� Reflectance > 0.63
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 75
� Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)
� Reflectance > 0.20
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 1649
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Calculator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
2008standards/sri_calculator/
InsulationInsulation
� Prescriptive ceiling insulation increases
to R-38 (zones 1, 11-16)
� R-30 in zones 2-10
50
Low-rise Residential Envelope
InsulationInsulation
� Prescriptive Wall Insulation
� U-Factor = 0.065
� R-15 in 2x4 wall cavity
� Additional R-4 rigid over framing
members
or;
� R-13 in 2x4 wall cavity
� Additional R-5 rigid over framing
members
51
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Radiant BarriersRadiant Barriers
� Prescriptive requirement in climate
zones 2-15
52
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Additions and AlterationsAdditions and Alterations
� Clarifies that all IAQ requirements apply to
additions less than 1,000 sqft except the
whole house ventilation
� Glazing replacements need to meet the
prescriptive criteria from previous slide
Exception applies if all met
� Area <= 75 sqft
� U-factor <= 0.40
� SHGC <= 0.35 (zones 2, 4, 6-16)
� Two performance paths for analysis
� Standard approach gives less credit
� Third party verification allows full credit
53
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Roof ReplacementsRoof Replacements
� Low-slope < 2/12 (zones 13,15)
� Reflectance > 0.65
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 75
� Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 10-15)
� Reflectance > 0.20
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 16
54
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Calculator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
2008standards/sri_calculator/
Single Family Solar ZonesSingle Family Solar Zones
� Single family residences located in
subdivisions with ten or more single
residences
� Application for subdivision map after
Dec 31, 2013
� Minimum roof area of 250 square feet
� 3+ stories and <= 2000 sqft, roof area
required is 150 sqft
55
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Multi-Family Solar ZonesMulti-Family Solar Zones
� Multi-Family buildings
� Minimum 15% of roof area
Exceptions are given in Section 110.10 for locating solar zone
elsewhere
56
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Nonresidential EnvelopeNonresidential Envelope
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
● Fenestration & Insulation
● Cool Roofs
● Air Barriers
● Daylighting
● Solar Zones
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
FenestrationFenestration
� Window Prescriptive Requirements
� Area Weighted Performance Ratings
RSHGC: Relative Solar Heat Gain Coefficient,
which takes into account overhang benefits
VT: Visible Transmittance rating for overall daylight
transmittance of product including frame,
OR
Use NA-6-3 formula to account for the frame
VT = VTf X VTc
VTc = Center of Glass VT
VTf = from Appendix NA-6
Nonresidential Envelope
58
Windows (40% Max Area)
Type Max U-Factor Max RSHGC Min VT
Fixed 0.36 0.25 0.42
Operable 0.46 0.22 0.32
Curtainwall 0.41 0.26 0.46
Doors 0.45 0.23 0.17
FenestrationFenestration
� Skylight Prescriptive Requirement
� Area Weighted Performance Ratings
Nonresidential Envelope
Skylights (5% Max Area)
Type Max U-Factor Max SHGC Min VT
Glass, Curb 0.58 0.25 0.49
Glass, No Curb 0.46 0.22 0.49
Plastic 0.88 None 0.64
59
Mandatory InsulationMandatory Insulation
� Maximum U-Factors
� Roofs
� Metal buildings: 0.098 (R-11)
� Wood framed & Other: 0.075 (R-19 wood framing)
� Walls
� Metal building: 0.113 (R-13)
� Metal framed: 0.105 (R-8 Rigid over framing)
� Light Mass wall: 0.44
� Heavy Mass wall: 0.69
� Wood framed: 0.110 (R-11)
� Spandrel Panels: 0.2860
Nonresidential Envelope
Mandatory InsulationMandatory Insulation
� Maximum U-Factors (cont)
� Raised Floors
� Mass Floors: 0.269 or 3” lightweight concrete
� Lightweight: 0.071 (R-11)
61
Nonresidential Envelope
Refrigerated Warehouse InsulationRefrigerated Warehouse Insulation
62
Nonresidential Envelope Refrigerated Warehouses (Mandatory Levels)
Space SurfaceMinimum R-Value
(°F×hr×sf/Btu)
Frozen
Storage
Roof/Ceiling R-40
Wall R-36
Floor R-35
Floor w/heat from
refrigerationR-20
Cold Storage Roof/Ceiling R-28
Wall R-28
Nonresidential Prescriptive Cool RoofsNonresidential Prescriptive Cool Roofs
� Low-slope < 2/12 (all zones)
� Reflectance > 0.63
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 75
� Steep-slope > 2/12 (all zones)
� Reflectance > 0.20
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 16
63
Nonresidential Envelope
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Calculator
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
2008standards/sri_calculator/
High-Rise Res & Hotel/MotelPrescriptive Cool RoofsHigh-Rise Res & Hotel/MotelPrescriptive Cool Roofs
� Low-slope < 2/12 (zones
10,11,13,14,15)
� Reflectance > 0.55
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 64
� Steep-slope > 2/12 (zones 2-15)
� Reflectance > 0.20
� Emittance > 0.75
OR
� SRI > 16
64
Nonresidential Envelope
Cool Roof Trade-off TableCool Roof Trade-off Table
65
Nonresidential Envelope
Nonresidential
Aged Solar Reflectance
MetalBuilding
Wood Framed and Other
All Zones Zones 1 & 5Zones 1-4, 9-
16Zone 6 Zones 7 & 8
0.62-0.60 0.061 0.045 0.036 0.065 0.059
0.59-0.55 0.054 0.041 0.034 0.058 0.053
0.54-0.50 0.049 0.038 0.032 0.052 0.048
0.49-0.45 0.047 0.035 0.030 0.047 0.044
0.44-0.40 0.043 0.033 0.028 0.043 0.040
0.39-0.35 0.039 0.031 0.027 0.039 0.037
0.34-0.30 0.035 0.029 0.025 0.037 0.035
0.29-0.25 0.033 0.027 0.024 0.034 0.032
Cool roof requirements also apply to roof replacements
Air BarriersAir Barriers
� Prescriptive requirement in climate
zones 10 – 16 (except High-Rise
Residential and Relocatable
Classrooms)
� Use materials that have an air
permeance not exceeding 0.004 cfm/ft2
at 0.3 in. w.g.
OR
� Use assemblies of materials and
components that have an average air
leakage not to exceed 0.04 cfm/ft2 at
0.3 in. w.g.
OR
� Materials on Next Slide66
Nonresidential Envelope
Air BarriersAir Barriers
67
Nonresidential Envelope
• 3/8” Plywood
• 3/8” Oriented strand board
• ½” Extruded polystyrene insulation board
• ½” Foil-back polyisocyanurate insulation board
• 1½” Closed cell spray foam with a minimum density 2.0 pcf
• 5½” Open cell spray foam with a minimum density 0.4 to1.5 pcf
• ½” Exterior or interior gypsum board
• ½” Cement board
• Built up roofing membrane
• Modified bituminous roof membrane
• Fully adhered single-ply roof membrane
• A Portland cement/sand parge, or 5/8” gypsum plaster
• Cast-in-place and precast concrete
• Fully grouted concrete block masonry
• Sheet steel or aluminum
DaylightingDaylighting
68
Nonresidential Envelope
Section 143(c)
� Applies to Prescriptive compliance for buildings 3 stories or less
� Climate zones 2 through 15
AND
� Enclosed spaces > 5,000 sq. ft. directly under a roof
AND
� Ceiling heights > 15 ft.
� Unconditioned spaces and buildings must also comply
� Used in the baseline under the Performance Approach
Exception 1: Auditoriums, churches, movie theaters, museums, and
refrigerated warehouses
Exception 2: Future spaces, unfinished interiors, etc.
Exception 3: Lighting Power Density (LPD) < 0.5 watts/sq. ft.
� At least 75% of the floor area
located:
� Within one head height
from windows
OR
� Within 0.7 times average
ceiling height from the edge
of skylights
� Skylights shall be diffusing
(90% haze rating)
� Haze rating is from
manufacturer
� General lighting in daylit zones
shall be controlled
DaylightingDaylighting
69
Nonresidential Envelope
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Solar ZonesSolar Zones
� Nonresidential Buildings 3 stories or less
� High-rise Res & Hotel/Motel buildings 10 stories or less
� Minimum 15% of roof area
Exceptions are given in Section 110.10 for locating solar zone
elsewhere
70
Nonresidential Envelope
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Solar Zone
� Roof oriented between 110 degrees and 270 degrees or flat roof
� No roof obstructions
� Designed for weight of solar panels
� The area may be divided into 80 sqft or more sections, no
dimension < 5 feet
Low-rise Residential MechanicalLow-rise Residential Mechanical
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
● HVAC
● Return Ducts
● Domestic Hot Water
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
HVACHVAC
� Mandatory HERS testing for ducted
systems unless ducts are in
conditioned space
� HVAC bypass ducts not allowed
� Minimum duct R-value = 6
� Prescriptive duct R-Value = 8 (zones
11, 14-16)
72
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
HVACHVAC
� Condensing units must be at least 5’
from dryer vent outlet
� Whole house IAQ fans require HERS
testing and verification
� Continuous operation of HVAC fan not
allowed as IAQ approach
� Prescriptive whole house fan required
zones 8-14
� Listed in CEC appliance directory
� Provides a minimum of 2 cfm/sqft
of floor area
73
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Return DuctsReturn Ducts
� Mandatory return duct(s) sized per tables; or
� Have HERS test for 350 cfm/ton & 0.58 w/cfm
74
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Single Duct
Cooling Capacity
Minimum Duct
Diameter
Minimum Grill Area
1.5 tons 16” 500 in²
2 tons 18” 600 in²
2.5 tons 20” 800 in²
Multiple Duct
Cooling Capacity
Minimum Duct-1
Diameter
Minimum Duct-2
Diameter
Minimum Grill Area
1.5 tons 12” 10” 500 in²
2 tons 14” 12” 600 in²
2.5 tons 14” 14” 800 in²
3 tons 16” 14” 900 in²
3.5 tons 16” 16” 1000 in²
4 tons 18” 18” 1200 in²
5 tons 20” 20” 1500 in²
Domestic Hot WaterDomestic Hot Water
� Gas or Propane water heaters serving
individual units
� 120 v outlet within 3 feet
� Category III or IV (or B) straight pipe
vent
� Condensate drain
� Gas supply sized to deliver at least
200,000 Btuh
� All hot water pipes ¾” or larger insulated
75
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Domestic Hot WaterDomestic Hot Water
� Prescriptive Multi-family
� Demand control on recirculation
loops
� 8+ Dwelling units require a minimum
of two recirculation loops
� Solar System
● 20% Net Solar Fraction (NSF) in
zones 1-9
● 35% NSF in zones 10-16
� Cannot install electric DHW unless
● No natural gas available
AND
● Provide 50% NSF solar system76
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential MechanicalNonresidential Mechanical
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
● Equipment
● Economizers
● Fans
● Controls
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
HVACHVAC
� New efficiencies for DX equipment
� Implementation on Jan 1, 2015
� Equipment < 65,000 Btuh 14 SEER
� Equipment >= 65,000 Btuh < 240,000
Btuh 11.7 EER
78
Nonresidential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
ChillersChillers
� Prescriptive requires compliance with full load efficiency and
IPLV maximums under Path B
79
Nonresidential Mechanical
ChillersChillers
� Chilled water plants shall not have
more than 300 tons provided by air
cooled chillers
� Slight modification to original rule
� Prescriptive limitation
80
Nonresidential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Cooling TowersCooling Towers
� Evaporative or Open Cooling Towers require:
� Conductivity or Flow-based Controls. Towers shall
include installation of controls that maximize cycles of
concentration based on local water quality conditions.
Controls shall automate system bleed and chemical feed
based on conductivity, and/or in proportion to metered
makeup volume, metered bleed volume, or bleed time.
� Documentation of Maximum Cycles of Concentration.
Building owner shall document the maximum cycles of
concentration based on local water quality conditions,
using the Energy Commission-provided calculator. The
calculator is intended to determine maximum cycles
based on a Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) of 2.5 or
less. Building owner shall document maximum cycles of
concentration on Compliance Form MECH 5C.
81
Nonresidential Mechanical
Cooling TowersCooling Towers
� Evaporative or Open Cooling Towers (cont)
� Flow Meter. Towers shall include installation of a flow
meter on the makeup water line.
� Overflow Alarm. Towers shall include installation of an
overflow alarm to prevent overflow of the sump in case of
makeup water valve failure. Overflow alarm shall send an
audible signal or provide an alert via the Building
Management System to the tower operator in case of
sump overflow.
� Efficient Drift Eliminators. Towers shall be equipped with
efficient drift eliminators that achieve drift reduction to
0.002% of the circulated water volume for counterflow
towers and 0.005% for cross-flow towers.
EXCEPTION : Towers with rated capacity < 150 tons.
82
Nonresidential Mechanical
Pipe InsulationPipe Insulation
� Matches ASHRAE requirements (some thickness increases)
83
Nonresidential Mechanical
EconomizersEconomizers
� Mandatory Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD)
� All air-cooled unitary direct-expansion units with an
economizer and
� Mechanical cooling capacity >= 54,000 Btuh
� Must include a Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD)
system
� Includes
� Packaged DX rooftops
� Split-systems
� Heat pumps
� Variable refrigerant flow systems
84
Nonresidential Mechanical
EconomizersEconomizers
� Prescriptive threshold for
economizers lowered
� Moved from 75,000 Btuh
down to 54,000 Btuh (4.5
tons)
AND
� Greater then 1,800 cfm of
airflow
� Removed exemptions related to
computer equipment and
telecommunications
85
Nonresidential Mechanical
EconomizersEconomizers
� DX systems with economizers must be able to stage or
modulate cooling capacity as follows:
86
Nonresidential Mechanical
Cooling Capacity Staging or Modulation
Fan Type Stages Required Cooling Capacity Effective Date
Constant Volume 2 >= 75,000 Btuh Jan 1, 2014
Constant Volume 2 > =65,000 Btuh Jan 1, 2016
Variable Volume 3 or 4 > =65,000 Btuh Jan 1, 2014
FansFans
� Each system listed in Table 140.4-B
shall be designed to vary the airflow
rate as a function of actual load.
87
Nonresidential Mechanical
Variable Airflow Control of Fans
Cooling System Type Fan Motor Size Cooling Capacity Effective Date
Direct Expansion any >= 75,000 Btuh Jan 1, 2014
Direct Expansion any > =65,000 Btuh Jan 1, 2016
Chilled Water & Evap > 1 hp any Jan 1, 2014
Chilled Water & Evap > ¼ hp any Jan 1, 2016
FansFans
� Single zone systems shall have
controls and/or devices that will result
in fan motor demand of no more than
40 percent of design wattage at 66
percent of design fan speed
� Two-speed fan or variable speed
drive
� Multiple zone systems shall include
controls that limit the fan motor
demand to no more than 30 percent of
the total design wattage at 50 percent
of design air volume when static
pressure set point equals 1/3 of the
total design static pressure
� Variable speed drive88
Nonresidential Mechanical
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
ControlsControls
� Occupancy sensors allowed as a control
option for demand control ventilation
� May reduce the ventilation rate to zero
� One sensor per room
� Must do one hour pre-purge prior to
normal occupancy
� Requires fan cycle control sequence to
maintain the average outdoor air rate
over a 2 hr. period
� Must shut off outside air within 30
minutes of vacancy
� If single zone system, must also cycle off
the fan89
Nonresidential Mechanical
ControlsControls
� Mandatory Occupancy sensor based HVAC control in:
� Multipurpose rooms less than 1000 sqft
� Classrooms greater than 750 sqft
� Conference rooms greater than 750 sqft
� Must automatically setup the cooling set point by 2°F or
more and setback the heating temperature set point by 2˚F
or more
AND
� Automatically reset the minimum required ventilation rate to
zero or turn the supply fan off when the zone is unoccupied
90
Nonresidential Mechanical
Hotel/Motel Guest RoomsHotel/Motel Guest Rooms
� Hotel and motel guest rooms shall have
captive card key controls, occupancy
sensing controls, or automatic controls.
� Activated no longer than 30 minutes after
the guest room has been vacated
� Setpoints are:
� Set-up at least 5°F in cooling mode
� Set-down at least 5°F in heating mode
� Lighting is switched off also
91
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential LightingResidential Lighting
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
● Kitchens
● Bathrooms
● Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms
● Outdoor
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
BathroomsBathrooms
� A minimum of one high efficacy
luminaire shall be installed in each
bathroom
AND
� All other lighting installed in each
bathroom shall be high efficacy or
controlled by vacancy sensors
93
Residential Lighting
GU-24 CFL photo courtesy of
Conservation Law Foundation
Garages, Laundry Rooms & Utility RoomsGarages, Laundry Rooms & Utility Rooms
� All hard-wired lighting must be
high efficacy lighting
AND
� Must be controlled by a vacancy
sensor
94
Residential Lighting
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Multi-Family OutdoorMulti-Family Outdoor
� Low-rise multi-family residential buildings
with 4+ dwelling units
� Private patios
� Entrances
� Balconies
� Porches
� Parking Lots (less than 8 vehicles)
� Carports (less than 8 vehicles)
95
Residential Lighting
Must be high efficacy, or controlled by photocell and motion sensor
Or
Must comply with nonresidential outdoor LPD restrictions (section 140.7)
Image omitted. Rights owner did not grant permission to print
Multi-Family OutdoorMulti-Family Outdoor
� Low-rise four or more dwelling units
� Other areas not shown on previous slide
� Must comply with nonresidential outdoor
lighting
� Same rule for parking lots with eight or
more vehicles
96
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor LightingNonresidential Indoor Lighting
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
● Mandatory Measures
● Power Adjustment Factors
● Complete Building Method
● Area Category Method
● Tailored Method
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Mandatory MeasuresMandatory Measures
� Track lighting current limiters must be
certified (also labeling requirements)
� Line voltage over-current panels
recognized for track lighting
� Recessed fixtures with medium screw
base sockets counted as min. 50 watts
� Screw base adapters are not
recognized, even if permanent
� No field modification, even LED
conversion is recognized
� Linear LED conversions on fluorescent
not recognized
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
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Multi-level ControlsMulti-level Controls
� Multi-level controls required in areas >
0.5 w/sqft and >= 100 sqft
� Each luminaire shall be controlled by at
least of one of the following methods:
� Manual dimming
� Lumen maintenance
� Tuning
� Automatic daylighting controls
� Demand responsive lighting controls
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Lumen Maintenance will maintain constant light output as lamp ages.
Tuning is the ability to set maximum light levels at a lower level than full power.
Occupant SensorsOccupant Sensors
� Occupant sensors to reduce power by 50%
� Aisles and open areas in warehouses
� Must control that particular aisle
� 40% power reduction if LPD is less than
80% of Area Category allowance
� Library book stack aisles
� 10 feet or longer that are accessible from
only one end
� 20 feet or longer that are accessible from
both ends
� Lighting installed in corridors and stairwells
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Occupant SensorsOccupant Sensors
� Can use occupant sensors as a
substitute for the requirement for
automatic shutoff controls
� Stairwells and common area corridors
for high-rise residential & hotel/motel
� Parking garages, parking areas and
loading and unloading areas
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
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Skylit Zone DefinitionSkylit Zone Definition
� 0.7 times ceiling height in each direction from the edge of
the rough opening of the skylight
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Primary Sidelit Zone DefinitionPrimary Sidelit Zone Definition
� One window head height deep into
the area
� Includes window width plus 0.5 times
window head height wide on each
side of the rough opening of the
window
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Automatic Daylighting ControlsAutomatic Daylighting Controls
� Required in skylit zones
� Required in primary sidelit zones
� Zones documented on plans
� Luminaires in each type of zone
must be controlled separately
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Exceptions:
Less than 120 watts of lighting
Less than 24 sqft of glazing
Parking Garage DaylightingParking Garage Daylighting
� Automatic daylighting controls required
� Parking garage area with combined total
of 36 square feet or more of glazing or
opening
� Does not apply if sidelit zone has less
than 60 watts of lighting
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Demand Responsive Lighting ControlsDemand Responsive Lighting Controls
� In prior standard, only applied to
retail.
� Now applies to all buildings larger
than 10,000 sqft.
� Must automatically provide either:
� A 15% reduction in lighting power
via dimming; or
� A reduction in lighting by one level
below full ON in accordance with
Table 130.1-A via stepped
dimming or stepped switching
� Table 130.1-A shown on next slide
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
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Demand Responsive Lighting ControlsDemand Responsive Lighting Controls
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Power Adjustment FactorsPower Adjustment Factors
� Revised lighting control credits
� Daylighting controls (and others) no longer given credit in
prescriptive compliance
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Secondary Daylight ZonesSecondary Daylight Zones
� Prescriptive compliance
� Secondary daylight zone
� 120 watts or more of lighting in secondary area
� Automatic daylighting controls required
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Complete Building MethodComplete Building Method
� Reduction in LPDs for Offices and Parking Garages
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Area Category MethodArea Category Method
� Reduced LPDs for Offices, Grocery, Retail & Parking
� New category for Videoconferencing
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Area Category MethodArea Category Method
� New footnotes for additional allowances
� Applies to Tasks, Ornamental, etc
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Tailored MethodTailored Method
� Many functions removed
� Many functions have lower allowances
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Tailored MethodTailored Method
� Certain uses assigned lighting
based upon IES LUX level
� Exercise Center, Gymnasium
� Medical and Clinical Care
� Police or Fire Stations
� Public rest areas along state
and federal roadways
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
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Tailored MethodTailored Method
� Basic lighting allowance given in Table 140.6-G
� Table includes revised LPDs
� Uses the Lux value (from Table 140.6-D) as basis
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Tailored MethodTailored Method
� Higher mounting height allows for
wattage increases
� Multipliers reduced
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
AlterationsAlterations
� Lighting System Alterations shall include alterations where an
existing lighting system is modified, luminaires are replaced,
or luminaires are disconnected from the circuit, removed and
reinstalled, whether in the same location or installed
elsewhere.
� Subject to Table 141.0-E
� Exception: Alterations that qualify as a Luminaire
Modification-in-Place (definition to follow)
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
AlterationsAlterations
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
AlterationsAlterations
To qualify as a Luminaire Modification-in-Place, lighting systems
shall be modified in only one or more of the following methods:
� Replacing lamps and/or ballasts.
� Changing the number or type of light source in a luminaire
including socket renewal, removal or relocation of sockets.
� Changing the optical system of a luminaire.
� Installing lighting control systems devices.
� Replacement of whole luminaires one for one in which the
only electrical modification involves disconnecting the
existing luminaire and reconnecting the replacement
luminaire.
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
AlterationsAlterations
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Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor LightingNonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Welcome
Overall Changes in Scope and Application
Low-rise Residential Envelope
Nonresidential Envelope
Low-rise Residential Mechanical
Nonresidential Mechanical
Residential Lighting
Nonresidential Indoor Lighting
Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
● General
● Hardscape Lighting Power
● Specific Applications Lighting Power
● Ordinance Tables
● Signs
GeneralGeneral
� Cutoff luminaires required on lamps greater
than 150 watts
� Lighting used in or around swimming pools
and water features no longer exempted
� Must count these fixtures in lighting
tabulation
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Motion SensorsMotion Sensors
� All luminaires with mounting heights
less than 24’ above the ground
� Motion sensor required
� Reduce lighting power of each
luminaire by at least 40 percent but
not exceeding 80 percent
OR
� Provide continuous dimming
� Shall employ auto-on functionality
� Maximum of 1,500 watts of lighting
power shall be controlled together
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Motion SensorsMotion Sensors
� Exceptions to motion sensors
� Sales Frontage
� Sales Lots
� Sales Canopies
� Building Facades
� Ornamental Hardscape
� Dining
� Pole-mounted luminaires <= 75 watts
� Non-pole mounted luminaires <= 30 watts
� Linear lighting <= 4 watts per linear foot of luminaire
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Part Night DevicePart Night Device
� Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Control is a time or occupancy-
based lighting control device or system that reduces or turns
off the lighting power to an outdoor luminaire for a portion of
the night.
� Examples:
� Dim the lamp halfway through the night, and turn the
lamp back up to full output sometime before dawn if
needed to address morning commute requirements.
� Turn the lamp completely off half way through the night.
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Sales AreasSales Areas
� Sales Frontage
� Sales Lots
� Sales Canopies
� Requires an automatic lighting control that meets the
following requirements:
� A distributed part-night device
OR
� Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing
lighting power by at least 40% but not exceeding
80%, and which have auto-on functionality.
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Other AreasOther Areas
� Building Façade
� Ornamental Hardscape
� Dining
� Requires an automatic lighting control that meets one of the
following requirements:
� A distributed part-night device
� Motion sensors capable of automatically reducing lighting
power by at least 40% but not exceeding 80%, and which
have auto-on functionality.
� A centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of
automatically reducing lighting power by at least 50%
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Hardscape Lighting PowerHardscape Lighting Power
� Table 140.7-A
� Hardscape Allowances
� Reductions in Lighting Allowances
(shown in red)
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Type of Power AllowanceLightingZone 1
LightingZone 2
LightingZone 3
LightingZone 4
Area WattageAllowance
(AWA)0.035 W/ft² 0.045 W/ft² 0.090 W/ft² 0.115 W/ft²
Linear WattageAllowance
(LWA)0.25 W/lf 0.45 W/lf 0.60 W/lf 0.85 W/lf
Initial WattageAllowance
(IWA)340 W 510 W 770 W 1030 W
Specific Applications Lighting PowerSpecific Applications Lighting Power
� Reductions in Lighting Allowances (shown in red)
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Lighting Application Lighting Zone 1 Lighting Zone 2 Lighting Zone 3 Lighting Zone 4
Building Entrances or Exits.
Allowance per door. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be
within 20 ft of the door.
30 W 60 W 90 W 90 W
Vehicle Service Station Canopies
Allowance for the total area within the
drip line of the canopy. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be
located under the canopy.
0.514 W/ft² 1.005 W/ft² 1.300 W/ft² 2.200 W/ft²
Outdoor Dining. Allowance for the
total illuminated hardscape of outdoor
dining. Outdoor dining areas are
hardscape areas used to serve and
consume food and beverages.
Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2
mounting heights of the hardscape
area of outdoor dining.
0.014 W/ft² 0.135 W/ft² 0.240 W/ft² 0.400 W/ft²
Ordinance TablesOrdinance Tables
� Ordinance Tables removed from Standards
� Must comply with basic Hardscape Allowance.
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
SignsSigns
� All outdoor sign lighting shall be
controlled with a photocontrol and
astronomical time switch
� All outdoor signs that are on both day
and night shall be controlled with a
dimmer that provides the ability to
automatically reduce sign lighting
power by a minimum of 65% during
nighttime hours.
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Nonresidential Outdoor Lighting
Questions?Questions?
This concludes the Title 24 Standards Training.
Please be sure to complete your evaluation sheets so we can
plan future events.
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