2014 04 15 full ibrahim order with highlighted

8/12/2019 2014 04 15 Full Ibrahim Order With Highlighted

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@NRK_PMNDP AC HAMNLKD@YNI^_JPZ, ntk .,

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Da. I 23-22>0> VHK^D@N_ YNKL

CJD@JDFY AC CKIPIADIL^YJADY AC LKV, KD@A_@N_ CA_ _NLJNC

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Jd thjs tnrrarjst-wktihljst ihkllndfn, k dadjmmjfrkdt kljnd snnes rnl jnc kctnr hkvjdf onnd

okrrn` kjrplkdn-oakr`jdf prjvjlnfns kd` kctnr hkvjdf onnd `ndjn` k vjsk ta rnturd ta thn ^djtn`

Ytktns. Phjs ar`nr jdilu`ns thn cjd`jdfs ac ckit kd` iadilusjads aclkw callawjdf k cjvn-`ky ondih

trjkl. Yamn out dat kll ac thn rnljnc saufht js frkdtn`.

R_AIN@^_KL HJYPA _Z

Rlkjdtjcc @r. _khjdkh Jorkhjm js Musljm kd` k suognit ac Mklkysjk. Rursukdt ta k stu`ndt

vjsk, shn wks k`mjttn` ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns ta stu`y kt Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty. Ad Gkdukry ?, ?22>,

plkjdtjcc kttnmptn` ta cly cram thn Ykd Crkdijs ia kjrpart ta Hkwkjj out wks hkd`iuccn` kd` ln`

kwky onikusn shn wks ad k cn`nrkl da-cly ljst. Kctnr onjdf hnl`, shn wks nvndtuklly (thn dnxt `ky)

kllawn` ta cly ta Hkwkjj kd` thnd okie ta Las Kdfnlns kd` thnd ta Mklkysjk. Vhjln shn wks jd

Mklkysjk, hnr stu`ndt vjsk wks rnvaen`.


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suiinsscully snttln` thkt pkrt ac thn iksn), shn hk` valudtkrjly lnct thn ^djtn` Ytktns kd`, ks k

dadjmmjfrkdt kljnd korak`, da ladfnr hk` stkd`jdf ta kssnrt iadstjtutjadkl kd` stktutary ilkjms ta

snne praspnitjvn rnljnc. Klthaufh dadjmmjfrkdt kljnds jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns hk` stkd`jdf ta kssnrt

iadstjtutjadkl kd` stktutary ilkjms, thn ar`nr hnl` thkt k dadjmmjfrkdt kljnd wha hk` valudtkrjly

lnct thn ^djtn` Ytktns kd` wks kt lkrfn korak` hk` da stkd`jdf ta kssnrt cn`nrkl ilkjms car

praspnitjvn rnl jnc jd aur cn`nrkl iaurts. Phjs hal`jdf wks oksn` ad thn fraud` thkt thn

`nvnlapmndt ac cn`nrkl iadstjtutjadkl lkw shaul` dat on iadtralln` oy dadjmmjfrkdt kljnds

avnrsnks (@et. Da. ;:6). K sniad` kppnkl callawn .

Aur iaurt ac kppnkls, whjln kccjrmjdf jd pkrt, rnvnrsn` (avnr k `jssndt) ks ta praspnitjvn

stkd`jdf oy hal`jdf thkt nvnd k dadjmmjfrkdt kljnd wha hk` valudtkrjly lnct thn ^djtn` Ytktns

dadnthnlnss hk` stkd`jdf ta ljtjfktn cn`nrkl iadstjtutjadkl ilkjms jd `jstrjit iaurt jd thn ^djtn`

Ytktns ks ladf ks thn kljnd hk` k suostkdtjkl valudtkry iaddnitjad ta thn djtn` Ytktns. Jorkhjm

v. @np t a Hamnlkd` Yni., 33: C.9` :89, ::9-:0 (:th Ijr. ?2;?) ( Jorkhjm JC'). Rlkjdtjcchk`

suih k iaddnitjad, aur iaurt ac kppnkls hnl`, onikusn ac hnr tjmn kt Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty, hnr

iadtjdujdf iallkoarktjad wjth pracnssars jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns, hnr mnmonrshjp jd snvnrkl

pracnssjadkl arfkdjzktjads laiktn` jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns, thn jdvjtktjads car hnr ta rnturd, kd` hnr

dntware ac ilasn crjnd`s jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns. Phn favnrdmndt `j` dat snne rnvjnw oy thn ^djtn`

Ytktns Yuprnmn Iaurt.

Ad thn sniad` rnmkd`, thn favnrdmndt mavn` ta `jsmjss kfkjd. Phjs wks `ndjn`. Phn

pkrtjns kd` thn gu`fn thnd onikmn nmorajln` jd `jsiavnry `jsputns jdvalvjdf thn stktn snirnts

prjvjlnfn, thn lkw ndcarinmndt prjvjlnfn, kd` sa-iklln` sndsjtjvn sniurjty jdcarmktjad ( YYJ'' ),

0: ^.Y.I. ;;0(r) kd` 0: I.R._. ;>?2.>. @ncnd`kdts jdvaen` thnsn ks oksns car wjthhal`jdf

ilkssjcjn` kd` athnrwjsn kllnfn`ly sndsjtjvn favnrdmndt jdcarmktjad cram plkjdtjcc kd` hnr

iaudsnl. K pkjr ac ar`nrs `ktn` Kprjl ;: ?2;9, frkdtn` jd pkrt kd` `ndjn` jd pkrt plkjdtjccsmatjad ta iampnl praùitjad (@et. Das. 03?, 030). _nsalvjdf thnsn `jsputns rnqujrn` jd`jvjùkl

rnvjnw oy thn jstrjit gu`fn ac kll ac thn àiumndts saufht oy plkjdtjcc. Mast ac thjs rnvjnw wks

iadùitn` nx pkrtn kd` jd ikmnrk ùn ta thn prjvjlnfn` kd` ilkssjcjn` dkturn ac thn àiumndts.

Phn stktn snirnts prjvjlnfn wks uphnl` ks ta dnkrly kll ac thn ilkssjcjn` àiumndts jd qunstjad.

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Phn favnrdmndt s kssnrtjad acathnr prjvjlnfns rnfkr`jdf dad-ilkssjcjn` àiumndts wks avnrruln`

ks ta thn mkgarjty ac thn rnmkjdjdf àiumndts. Rlk jdtjccs iaudsnl onikmn ilnkrn` ta rninjvn YYJ,

out dnvnr trjn` ta oniamn ilnkrn` ta rnk` ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad. (Rlkjdtjcc hnrsnlc wks dnvnr

ilnkrn` ta rninjvn njthnr YYJ ar ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad.) Yuosnqundt raud`s ac iadtndtjaus

`jsiavnry matjads rnsultn` jd ynt curthnr nx p rtn kd` d i mnr rnvjnw. Kfkjd, thn

favnrdmndt s kssnrtjads ac thn stktn snirnts prjvjlnfn wnrn uphnl`, whjln jts kssnrtjads ac athnr

prjvjlnfns wnrn uphnl` jd pkrt kd` avnrruln` jd pkrt (@et. Das. >9:, >08).

Adn rniurrjdf prainùrkl jssun iadinrdn` thn nccnit ac kd kssnrtjad ac stktn snirnts. Phn

favnrdmndt kddaudin` ad kt lnkst twa aiiksjads thkt jc stktn snirnts wnrn jdvaen`, thnd thkt

nvj`ndin iaul` dat on rnljn` upad oy njthnr sj n. Phn nvj`ndin wks sjmply aut ac thn iksn, thn

favnrdmndt skj` (@et. Das. 0;6, >90). Kctnr mkejdf suih rnprnsndtktjads ad thn rniar`, kd ar`nr

`ktn` Ynptnmonr ;9 ?2;9, pravj`n` thn favnrdmndt wjth kdathnr appartudjty ta ilkrjcy jts

pasjt jad (@et. Da. >02). Phn ar`nr stktn`7

Rlkjdtjccs pnd`jdf matjad ta iampnl praùitjad ac àiumndts (@et.Da. >;>) rkjsns qunstjads rnfkr`jdf whkt nvj`ndin thn favnrdmndtjdtnd`s ta rnly ad kt summkry gu`fmndt kd` kt trjkl. Phn Iaurt js acthn vjnw thkt thn favnrdmndt mky dat rnly jd kdy wky upad kdyjdcarmktjad jt hks rncusn` ta tum avnr ta plkjdt jcc jd rnspadsn ta krnksadkoln rnqunst. Phn favnrdmndt shkll cjln k suomjssjad stktjdfwhnthnr jt kfrnns wjth ar aognits ta thjs prjdijpln oy Ynptnmonr ;6kt Daad.

Phn favnrdmndt rnspad`n`7

Jd rnspadsn, @ncnd`kdts kccjrm thkt thny wjll dat rnly ad kdyjdcarmktjad thny hkvn wjthhnl` ad fraud`s ac prjvjlnfn cramRlkjdtjcc jd rnspadsn ta k jsiavnry rnqunst jd thjs iksn. @ncnd`kdtskrn mjd`cul ac thn Iau rt s @ninmonr ?2, ?2;? ruljdf (@et. UDa.]9::) thkt thn Favnrdmndt mky dat kccjrmktjvnly snne ta prnvkjl jdthjs kitjad oksn` upad jdcarmktjad thkt hks onnd wjthhnl` adfraud`s ac prjvjlnfn, kd` hkvn kitn` jd k mkddnr iadsjstndt wjththkt ruljdf jd oath thn kssnrtjad ac prjvjlnfn kd` summkry gu`fmndtorjncjdf.

(@et. Da. >0;). Ks wjll on snnd, hawnvnr, thn favnrdmndt rnvnrsn` iaursn kt trjkl kd` saufht ta

prnvkjl oy hkvjdf thjs kitjad `jsmjssn` ùn ta jts jdkojljty ta `jsilasn stktn snirnts, ijtjdf

prnin`ndt oy aur iaurt ac kppnkls.

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Ks trjkl kpprakihn`, k dumonr ac nxpnrt `jsilasurn kd` `jsiavnry `jsputns wnrn rkjsn` jd

lktn Ynptnmonr kd` Aitaonr ?2;9. (Phnrn wks klsa k orjnc stky jd ljfht acthn kppraprjktjads

shutàwd car thn @npkrtmndt ac Gustjin.) K pkjr ac ar`nrs pnrmjttn` plkjdtjcc ta rnvjsn kd nxpnrt

rnpart, kllawn` thn favnrdmndt ta tken k sniad` adn-`ky `npasjtjad ac thn nxpnrt, kd` ar`nrn`

hjm ta praùin jdtnrvjnw datns hn iadsj`nrn` jd carmjdf hjs apjdjads kt lnkst ?0 haurs prjar ta hjs

sniad` `npasjtjad, adin k prapnr suopandk wks snrvn` (@et. Das. >82, >8>).

K hnkrjdf wks hnl` ad thn favnrdmndt's matjad car summkry gu`fmndt ad Aitaonr 9;,

?2;9. Phn vkst mkgarjty ac thn hnkrjdf tjmn, hawnvnr, wks iadsumn` avnr whnthnr ar dat thn

trjkl shaul` on puolji kd` whnthnr inrtkjd jdcarmktjad ljstn` ad plkjdtjccs `nmadstrktjvns wks

suognit ta vkrjaus prjvjlnfns. Phn favnrdmndt krfun` thkt plkjdt jcc hk` dat ynt saufht kd`

rninjvn` k cjdkl `ntnrmjdktjad oy thn PYK rnfkr`jdf whnthnr inrtkjd jdcarmktjad wks YYJ

pursukdt ta Ynitjad >?>(k) kd` (`) acthn Hamnlkd` Yniurjty Kppraprjktjads Kit, ?226, Ruo. L.

Da. ;2:-?:>, Ynitjad >?>(k), (`), ;?2 Ytkt. ;9>>, ;98? (Ait. 0, ?223). Phn favnrdmndt curthnr

krfun` thkt plkjdtjccs iaudsnl iaul` adly ihkllndfn k cjdkl ar`nr `nsjfdktjdf jdcarmktjad ks YYJ

jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns Iaurt ac Kppnkls car thn @jstrjit ac Ialumojk. Phn skmn `ky, plkjdtjcc

suomjttn` k rnqunst ta thn PYK. Phn PYK suosnqundtly j`ndtjcjn` inrtkjd jdcarmktjad ks YYJ.

Rassjoly, kd kppnkl cram thkt ar`nr hks onnd tkend out thn pkrtjns hkvn dat sa jd`jiktn`

Phn favnrdmndt's matjad car summkry gu`fmndt wks frkdtn` jd ljmjtn` pkrt out mastly

`ndjn` (@et. Da. >:?). Phn nxihkdfn ac jdcarmktjad ilkjm oksn` ad thn Cjrst Kmnd`mndt wks

`jsmjssn`. Rlkjdtjccs ilkjms oksn` ad prainùrkl kd` suostkdtjvn ùn prainss, nqukl pratnitjad,

kd` Cjrst Kmnd`mndt rjfhts ac nxprnssjvn kssaijktjad kd` rntkljktjad prainn`n` ta trjkl. Lkie ac

stkd`jdf wks rkjsn` ynt kfkjd oy thn favnrdmndt kd` `ndjn`.

Car thn cjrst tjmn, kd` iadtrkry ta whkt jt hk7` rnprnsndtn` oncarn, thn favnrdmndt curthnr

krfun` thkt summkry gu`fmndt jd jts ckvar wks kppraprjktn oksn` ad stktn snirnts, ijtjdf ta aur

iaurt ac kppnkls' `nijsjad jd Mahkmn` v Gnppnsnd @ktkplkd Jdi. 3;0 C.9` ;262, ;282 (:th Ijr.

?2;2) (nd okdn). Phkt matjad wks `ndjn` ta pravj`n kd appartudjty ta snn haw thn nvj`ndin

waul` kituklly `nvnlap kt trjkl kd` thn nxtndt ta whjih kt lnkst partjads ac thn iksn iaul` on trjn`

kd` `nij`n` wjthaut rnfkr` ta stktn snirnts.

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cljfht cram Euklk Lumpur ta kttnd` trjkl, nvj`ndtly onikusn shn taa wks ad k da-cly ljst. Iaudsnl

wnrn ksen` ta jdvnstjfktn. Jmmn`jktnly kctnr trjkl, ad @ninmonr 3 kd nvj`ndtjkry hnkrjdf

rnfkr`jdf plkjdtjccs `kufhtnr's trkvnl `jccjiultjns wks hnl . Rlkjdtjcc kd` thn favnrdmndt

suomjttn` `nilkrktjads. Adn ljvn wjtdnss wks nxkmjdn`. Phn sdkcu wks thn rnsult ac favnrdmndt

nrrar, klonjt iarrnitn` qujiely, ks wjll on autljdn` kt thn nd` ac thn cjd`jdfs ac ckit. Rlkjdtjccs

iaudsnl wks fjvnd thn aptjad ta rnapnd thn trjkl ta pnrmjt thn `kufhtnr ta kppnkr lktn kd` tnstjcy,

whjih iaudsnl ihasn dat ta à. Jdstnk`, iaudsnl ksen` car jdilusjad ac thn nvj`ndtjkry hnkrjdf

kd` kssaijktn` `nilkrktjads jd thn trjkl rniar`. Phn favnrdmndt aognitn` ta rnapndjdf thn trjkl

rniar`. Phn pkrtjns wnrn pnrmjttn` ta cjln prapasn` iadtjdfndt cjd`jdfs ac ckit kd` iadilusjads ac

lkw oksn` ad thn nvj`ndtjkry hnkrjdf kd` kssaijktn` `nilkrktjads.

Da ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad wks usn` kt trjkl dar rncnrndin` jd thjs ar`nr). Dadnthnlnss, kt

dumnraus tjmns thraufhaut thn trjkl, thnrn wnrn prjvjlnfn kssnrtjads kd` matjads ta ilasn thn

iaurtraam. Phnsn wnrn oksn` ad k stktutary prjvjlnfn iklln` sndsjtjvn sniurjty jdcarmktjad

( YYJ ) kd` k iammad lkw prjvjlnfn edawd ks thn lkw ndcarinmndt prjvjlnfn. @un ta thnsn

kssnrtjads, kt lnkst tnd tjmns, thn Iaurt rnluitkdtly ksen` thn prnss kd` thn puolji ta lnkvn thn

iaurtraam.

Kctnr k adn-wnne ondih trjkl, lndfthy cjd`jdfs ac ckit kd` iadilusjads ac lkw, kd`

rnspadsns, wnrn prapasn` oy oath sj`ns. _kthnr thkd mnrnly vnt nkih kd` nvnry cjd`jdf kd`

iadilusjad prapasn` oy thn pkrtjns, thjs ar`nr hks dkvjfktn` jts awd iaursn thraufh thn nvj`ndin

kd` krfumndts, klthaufh mkdy ac thn prapaskls hkvn caud` thnjr wky jdta thjs ar`nr. Kdy

prapaskl thkt hks onnd nxprnssly kfrnn` ta oy thn appasjdf sj`n kt lnkst jd pkrt, hawnvnr, shkll on

`nnmn` kàptn` (ta thn nxtndt kfrnn` upad), nvnd j c dat nxprnssly kàptn` hnrnjd. t js

uddninsskry car thjs ar`nr ta ijtn thn rniar` car kll ac thn cjd`jdfs hnrnjd. Ijtktjads wjll adly on

pravj`n` ks ta pkrtjiulkrs thkt mky kssjst thn iaurt ac kppnkls. Kll `nilkrktjvn stktnmndts hnrnjd

krn ckitukl cjd`jdfs.

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CJD@JDFY AC CKIP

RLKJDPJCC

;. @r. _khjdkh Jorkhjm js k suognit ac Mklkysjk, k sihalkr, k wjcn, kd` k mathnr ac

caur ihjl`rnd. Yhn lkwcully ndtnrn` thn ^djtn` Ytktns jd ;:89 ta stu`y krihjtniturn kt thn

^djvnrsjty ac Vkshjdftad jd Ynkttln, whnrn shn frkùktn` jd ;:86. Vhjln ljvjdf jd Ynkttln, shn

mkrrjn` hnr husokd`, Mustkck Ekmkl Mahkmmn` Wkjdj, kd` hk` hnr cjrst `kufhtnr, _kjhkd Ojdtj

Mustkck Ekmkl. Mr. Wkjdj js k suognit ac Mklkysjk, dat k ijtjznd acthn ^djtn` Ytktns. Hnr

`kufhtnr, Ms. Ekmkl, js k ^djtn` Ytktns ijtjznd, hkvjdf onnd oard jd Ynkttln.

?. @r. Jorkhjm rninjvn` hnr mkstnr ac krihjtniturn jd ;::2 cram thn Yauthnrd

Ikljcardjk Jdstjtutn ac Krihjtniturn jd Ykdtk Madjik, Ikljcardjk.

9. Yhn rnturdn` ta Mklkysjk, waren` ks kd krihjtnit, kd` nvndtuklly onikmn k lniturnr

kt thn ^djvnrsjtj Rutrk Mklkysjk. Yhn wks thn `npkrtmndt s cjrst cnmkln lniturnr. @urjdf thjs

tjmn, shn mnt Ytkdcar` Rracnssar Oay` Rkulsad, wha ndiaurkfn` hnr ta kpply ta Ytkdcar`

^djvnrsjty.

0. Jd ?222, @r. Jorkhjm rnturdn` ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns ud`nr kd C-; stu`ndt vjsk ta

ware tawkr`s k Rh.@. jd iadstruitjad ndfjdnnrjdf kd` mkdkfnmndt kt Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty. Vhjln

stu`yjdf kt Ytkdcar`, shn wks jdvalvn` jd thn Jslkmji Yaijnty ac Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty kd`

valudtnnrn` wjth thn spjrjtukl ikrn snrvjins kt Ytkdcar` Haspjtkl. @r. Jorkhjm klsa kttnd`n`

prkynrs kt thn MIK jd Ykdtk Ilkrk, k Musljm plkin ac warshjp. Yhn nvndtuklly rninjvn` k Rh.@

cram Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty.

>. Favnrdmndt iaudsnl hks iadin`n` kt trjkl thkt @r. Jorkhjm js dat k thrnkt ta aur

dktjadkl sniurjty. Yhn àns dat pasn (kd` hks dat pasn`) k thrnkt a c iammjttjdf kd kit ac

jdtnrdktjadkl ar àmnstji tnrrarjsm wjth rnspnit ta kd kjrirkct, k thrnkt ta kjrljdn pkssndfnr ar ijvjl

kvjktjad sniurjty, ar k thrnktac

àmnstji tnrrarjsm. Phjs thn favnrdmndt k`mjts kd` thjs ar`nrcjd`s.

3. Ad Ynptnmonr ;;,?22;, rk`jikl Jslkmji tnrrarjsts `nstrayn` thn Varl` Prk`n

Indtnr jd Dnw Zare Ijty kd` pkrt ac thn Rndtkfad kladfsj`n thn Ratamki kd` iammkd`nnrn`

^djtn` Kjrljdns Cljfht :9, lnk`jdf ta jts irksh jd Rnddsylvkdjk. Marn thkd ?,:22 vjitjms wnrn

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10/38

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8. Kraud` thn skmn tjmn, Kfndt Enllny's squk` iadùitn` k masqun autrnkih

prafrkm. Adn purpasn ac thn prafrkm wks ta pravj`n k pajdt ac iadtkit car masquns kd` Jslkmji

kssaijktjads. Phn autrnkih prafrkm jdilu`n` Musljms kd` Yjehs jd thn Yauth Oky.

:. Jd @ninmonr ?220, Kfndt Enllny kd` hjs iallnkfun jdtnrvjnwn` @r. Jorkhjm, kfkjd

whjln shn wks kttnd`jdf Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty. (Phjs wks kctnr hn hk` cjlln` aut thn carm wradf.)

Hn ksen`, kmadf athnr thjdfs, koaut hnr plkds ta kttnd` k iadcnrndin jd Hkwkjj, hnr thnsjs ware,

hnr plkds kctnr frkùktjad, hnr jdvalvnmndt jd thn Musljm iammudjty, hnr husokd`, hnr trkvnl

plkds, kd` thn arfkdjzktjad Gnmkkh Jslkmjykh (PX 0, ;;3).

;2. Gnmkkh Jslkmjykh js (kd` wks thnd) ad thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn's ljst ac `nsjfdktn`

carnjfd tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjads (PX ;9). Phn CAJK-praùin` vnrsjad ac Kfndt Enllny's jdtnrvjnw

datns wjth @r. Jorkhjm wnrn `nsjfdktn` oy thn COJ ks 9;>, whjih mnkds Jdtnrdktjadkl

Pnrrarjsm Jdvnstjfktjads (PX 0, ;;3, >;3). Gnmkkh Jslkh Mklkysjk, k sjmjlkr saud`jdf dkmn, js

dat k tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjad out k Mklkysjkd pracnssjadkl arfkdjzktjad iampasn` prjmkrjly ac

jd`jvjùkls wha stu`jn` jd thn ^djtn` Ytktns ar Nurapn. Athnr thkd Gnmkkh Jslkh Mklkysjk

iamjdf up kt trjkl whnd iaudsnl ksen` koaut jt, thn sjfdjcjikdin ac thjs passjoln pajdt ac iadcusjad

hks onnd aosiurn` oy iaudsnl. Phjs ar`nr àns dat cjd` thkt Kfndt Enllny iadcusn` thn twa

arfkdjzktjads.

NSNDPY C_AM GKD^K_Z ?22> PA M _IH ?22>

;;. Jd nkrly Gkdukry ?22>, @r. Jorkhjm plkddn` ta cly cram Ykd Crkdijsia ta Hkwkjj

kd` thnd ta Las Kdfnlns kd` thndin ta Euklk Lumpur. Hnr plkds wnrn ta kttnd` k iadcnrndin jd

Hkwkjj (spadsarn` oy Ytkdcar` ^djvnrsjty) cram Gkdukry 9 ta Gkdukry 3 kd` ta prnsndt hnr

rnsnkrih cjd`jdfs kt thn iadcnrndin.

;?. Ad Gkdukry ?, ?22>, @r. Jorkhjm krrjvn` kt thn Ykd Crkdijsia kjrpart wjth hnr

`kufhtnr, _kcnkh, thnd caurtnnd. Kt thn tjmn, @r. Jorkhjm wks stjll rniavnrjdf cram hnr

hystnrnitamy surfnry pnrcarmn` thrnn madths nkrljnr kd` thus rnqunstn` whnnlihkjr kssjstkdin ta

thn kjrpart fktn.

;9. Phn trauoln stkrtn` whnd @r. Jorkhjm krrjvn` kt thn djtn` Kjrljdns iaudtnr. Phn

paljin wnrn iklln` oy kjrljdn stkcc. Yhn wks hkdìuccn` kd` krrnstn`. Yhn wks nsiartn` ta k paljin

;2


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;:. Phn Pnrrarjst Yirnndjdf Indtnr ( PYI ) js k multj-kfndiy arfkdjzktjad

k`mjdjstnrn` oy thn COJ. Phn PYI js stkccn` oy accjijkls cram vkrjaus kfndijns, jdilu`jdf thn

COJ, thn @npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty, kd` thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn. Phn PYI mkdkfns thn

Pnrrarjst Yirnndjdf @ktkoksn. Phn PYI kd` PY@O wnrn irnktn` kctnr Ynptnmonr ;; sa thkt

jdcarmktjad koaut edawd kd` suspnitn` tnrrarjsts iaul` on marn indtrkljzn` kd` thnd nxpartn` ks

kppraprjktn ta vkrjaus iustamnr `ktkoksns apnrktn` oy athnr kfndijns kd` favnrdmndt ndtjtjns.

Jd thjs wky, thn àts iaul` on iaddnitn`. Jdcarmktjad jd thn PY@O js dat ilkssjcjn`, klthaufh k

ilasnly klljn` kd` snpkrktn `ktkoksn iklln` thn Pnrrarjst J`ndtjtjns @ktkmkrt Ndvjradmndt

( PJ@N ) àns iadtkjd ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad. (Phn prn`ninssar ta PJ@N wks iklln` PJRACC.)

Phn Dktjadkl Iaudtnrtnrrarjsm Indtnr ( DIPI ), k orkdih acthn Accjin acthn @jrnitar ac

Dktjadkl Jdtnlljfndin, plkins ilkssjcjn` suostkdtjvn `nrafktary jdcarmktjad suppartjdf k

damjdktjad ta thn PY@O jd PJ@N. Phnsn tnrrarjst wktihljsts, kd` athnrs, pravj`n jdcarmktjad ta

thn ^djtn` Ytktns jdtnlljfndin iammudjty, k iakljtjad ac ;6 kfndijns kd` arfkdjzktjads wjthjd thn

Nxniutjvn Orkdih, jdilu`jdf thn Accjin ac thn @jrnitar acDktjadkl Jdtnlljfndin kd` thn COJ.

?2. COJ kfndts kd` athnr favnrdmndt nmplaynns darmklly damjdktn jd`jvjùkls ta thn

PY@O usjdf k rnksadkoln suspjijad stkd`kr`, mnkdjdf krtjiulkoln ckits whjih, tkend tafnthnr

wjth rktjadkl jdcnrndins, rnksadkoly wkrrkdt thn `ntnrmjdktjad thkt kd jd`jvjùkl js edawd ar

suspnitn` ta on ar hks onnd ndfkfn` jd iadùit iadstjtutjdf, jd prnpkrktjad car, jd kj` ac, ar

rnlktn` ta tnrrarjsm kd` tnrrarjst kitjvjtjns. ^dljen k stkd`kr` ia`jcjn` oy Iadfrnss ar rnd`nrn` oy

gu`j ijkl `nijsjad, thjs rnksadkoln suspjijad stkd`kr` wks kàptn` oy jdtnrdkl Nxniutjvn Orkdih

paljiy kd` prkitjin. Cram ?220 ta ?226, thnrn wks da udjcarm stkd`kr` car PY@O damjdktjads.

Nkih kfndiy pramulfktn` jts awd damjdktjdf prainùrns car jdilusjad jd thn PY@O oksn` ad jts

jdtnrprntktjad ac hamnlkd` sniurjty prnsj`ndtjkl `jrnitjvns kd` thn mnmarkdùm ac apjdjad thkt

nstkoljshn` thn PYI. Adn suih `jrnitjvn wks Hamnlkd` Yniurjty Rrnsj`ndtjkl @jrnitjvn 3

(''HYR@.,.3 ) whjih stktn`, Ut]hjs `jrnitjvn shkll on jmplnmndtn` jd k mkddnr iadsjstndt wjth thn

pravjsjads ac thn Iadstjtutjad kd` kppljikoln lkws, jdilu`jdf thasn pratnitjdf thn rjfhts ac kll

Kmnrjikds (PX >98). Kfndts daw jdtnrprnt thjs fuj`nljdn, kd` athnrs, ks mnkdjdf thkt jt waul`

;?


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dat on kppraprjktn ta wktihljst samnadn oksn` upad thnjr rnljfjad, rnljfjaus prkitjins, kd` kdy

athnr Cjrst Kmnd`mndt kitjvjty.

?;. Car nkih damjdnn, thn PY@O iklls aut whjih pkrtjiulkr wktihljsts thn damjdnn

shaul` on ad kd` whjih hn ar shn shaul` dat on ad. J t js k oax-ihnie prainùrn, thnd

iamputnrjzn`. Phnrn krn snvnrkl wktihljsts kccnitn` oy thn PY@O, dkmnly7

thn da-cly ljst (PYK),

thn snlnitnn ljst (PYK),

Edawd kd` Yuspnitn` Pnrrarjst Cjln ( EYPC, prnvjausly edawd ks thn SjalndtFkdf kd` Pnrrarjst Arfkdjzktjads Cjln),

Iadsulkr Laaeaut kd` Yuppart Yystnm ( ILKYY, jdilu`jdf ILKYY-Sjsk kdÌLKYY-Rksspart) (@npkrtmndt ac Ytktn),

PNIY (dat kd kiradym, out thn s u i ~ n s s a rac thn Prnksury NdcarinmndtIammudjiktjads Yystnm) (@npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty),

Jdtnrkfndiy Oar`nr Jdspnitjad Yystnm ( JOJY ) (@npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd`Yniurjty),

P^YIKD (usn` oy Ikdk`k), kd`

PKIPJIY (usn` oy Kustrkljk).

Jc damjdktn`, `nsjfdktjads jd thn PY@O krn thnd nxpartn` ta thn damjdktn` àwdstrnkm iustamnr

wktihljsts apnrktn` oy vkrjaus favnrdmndt ndtjtjns. Car nxkmpln, jdcarmktjad jd thn PY@O jc

snlnitn`) js sndt ta thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn car jdilusjad jd ILKYY-Sjsk ar ILKYY-Rksspart.

??. @un ta Kfndt Enllny's mjstken, @r. Jorkhjm wks damjdktn` ta thn da-cly kd` JOJY

wktihljsts. Yhn wks plkin` jd thn PY@O kd` hnr jdcarmktjad wks nxpartn` ta thn da-cly ljst kd`

JOJY. Phus, whnd shn krrjvn` kt thn tjient iaudtnr5 thn kjrljdn (whjih hks kd` hk` kiinss ta thn

da-cly ljst), wks aoljfktn` ta `ndy hnr oakr`jdf (kd` thnd iklln` thn paljin).

?9. Vhnd pnrsads krn plkin` ad thn da-cly ljst ar kdy athnr wktihljst, thny rninjvn da

carmkl datjin ac suih plkinmndt kd` mky dnvnr lnkrd ac suih plkinmndt udtjl, jc nvnr, thnykttnmpt ta oakr` k plkdn ar à kdy athnr kit iavnrn` oy thn wktihljst.

?0. Vhnd kd kfndiy ndiaudtnrs kd jd`jvjùkl vjk k vjsk kppljiktjad, kjrpart

oakr`jdf, oar`nr ndtry, ta tken thrnn nxkmplns, thn kfndiy accjijkl snkrihns car thn jd`jvjùkl's

j`ndtjty ad kppljikoln wktihljsts. lcthnrn js k patndtjkl dkmn mktih, thn jd`jvjùkl's dkmn js

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carwkr`n` ta thn PYI. Phn PYI, jd turd, rnvjnws thn PY@O rniar` kd` kd kppraprjktn

iaudtnrtnrrarjsm rnspadsn mky on mk`n.

P_KSNL _N@_NYY JD[^J_Z R_AF_KM P_JR)

?>. ^d`nr Ynitjad 00:?3(k) acP jt ln 0: acthn ^djtn` Ytktns Ia`n7

Phn Ynirntkry acHamnlkd` Yniurjty shkll nstkoljsh k tjmnly kd`ckjr prainss car jd`jvjùkls wha onljnvn thny hkvn onnd `nlkyn` arprahjojtn` cram oakr`jdf k iammnrijkl kjrirkct onikusn thny wnrnwradfly j`ndtjcjn` ks k thrnkt ud`nr thn rnfjmns utjljzn` oy thnPrkdspartktjad Yniurjty K`mjdjstrktjad, ^djtn` Ytktns Iustams kdÒar`nr Rratnitjad, ar kdy athnr accjin ar iampadndt ac thn@npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty.

Rrjar ta ?226, jd`jvjùkls wha ilkjmn` thny wnrn `ndjn` ar `nlkyn` oakr`jdf ar ndtry ta thn

^djtn` Ytktns ar rnpnktn`ly suognitn` ta k``jtjadkl sirnndjdf ar jdspnitjad iaul` suomjt k

Rkssndfnr J`ndtjty Snrjcjiktjad Carm (RJSC) ta thn PYK. Phjs prafrkm wks suiinn`n` oy thn

@_Y s P_JR prainss \d ?226.

?3. Jc@HY `ntnrmjdns thkt thn iamplkjdkdt js kd nxkit ar dnkr mktih ta kd j`ndtjty jd

thn PY@O, thn mktih js rncnrrn` ta thn PYI s rn`rnss udjt.

?6. Phn PYI s rn`rnss udjt rnvjnws thn jdcarmktjad kvkjlkoln ta `ntnrmjdn (;) whnthnr

thn jd`jvjùkl s stktus js kd nxkit mktih ta kd j`ndtjty jd thn PY@O5 (?) jc kd nxkit mktih, whnthnr

thn trkvnlnr shaul` iadtjdun ta on jd thn PY@O5 kd` (9)jc

thn trkvnlnr shaul` iadtjdun ta on jd thnPY@O, whnthnr thn trkvnlnr mnnts k``jtjadkl irjtnrjk car plkinmndt ad thn da-cly ar snlnitnn ljsts.

?8. Phn PYI s rn`rnss udjt àns dat ud`nrtken k``jtjadkl cjnl`ware jd `ntnrmjdjdf

whnthnr kd jd`jvjùkl wks prapnrly plkin` jd thn PY@O ar iustamnr `ktkoksns. Phn rnvjnw js

oksn` ad nxjstjdf rniar`s kd` mky (ar mky dat) jdilu`n iadtkitjdf thn damjdktjdf kfndiy ta

aotkjd kdy dnw `nrafktary jdcarmktjad thkt supparts k damjdktjad. Phn PYI s rn`rnss udjt thnd

datjcjns @HY P_JR ac kdy ma`jcj


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@NRK_PMNDP AC YPKPN KD@ SJYK R_AIN@^_N

92. K vjsk js pnrmjssjad car kd kljnd, klsa edawd ks k carnjfd dktjadkl, ta kpprakih thn

oar`nrs ac thn ^djtn` Ytktns kd` kse ta ndtnr. Phnrn krn snvnrkl typns ac vjsks, oksn` prjmkrjly ad

thn purpasn acthn kljnd's trkvnl ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns.

9;. Phn prainùrn car aotkjdjdf k vjsk js ks callaws. Cjrst thn kljnd kppljns car k vjsk

oy suomjttjdf k vjsk kppljiktjad ta k iadsulkr accjinr. Phn iadsulkr accjinr thnd nvkluktns whnthnr

thn jd`jvjùkl js nljfjoln car k vjsk kd` whkt typn ac vjsk hn ar shn mky on nljfjoln ta rninjvn.

Yniad` thn kppljikdt mkens kd kppajdtmndt car k vjsk jdtnrvjnw wjth k iadsulkr accjinr kt thn

^djtn` Ytktns nmokssy ar k iadsulktn korak`. Iadsulkr accjinrs krn nmplaynns ac thn @npkrtmndt

ac Ytktn wha krn kutharjzn` ta k`gu`jiktn vjsk kppljiktjads avnrsnks. Phjr` kd jdtnrvjnw js

iadùitn`. Caurth kctnr thn jdtnrvjnw, thn iadsulkr accjinr frkdts ar `ndjns thn kppljiktjad .

Iadsulkr accjinrs krn rnqujrn` ta rncusn k vjsk kppljiktjad jc thn kljnd hks ckjln` ta `nmadstrktn

nljfjojljty car thn vjsk ud`nr thn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, jdilu`jdf ud`nr 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?.

9?. Jd ruljdf ad kppljiktjads, iadsulkr accjinrs rnvjnw thn ILKYY `ktkoksn,

mkjdtkjdn` oy thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn, car jdcarmktjad thkt mky jdcarm thn vjsk kppljiktjad kd`

k`gu`jiktjad prainss. Jdcarmktjad js ndtnrn` jdta ILKYY `jrnitly oy thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn ar

jd`jrnitly cram athnr kfndijns. Car nxkmpln, ndtrjns jd thn @npkrtmndt a c Hamnlkd` Yniurjty's

PNIY `ktkoksn ikd on nlnitradjiklly trkdscnrrn` avnr ta ILKYY ta jdcarm thn vjsk k`gu`jiktjad

prainss. ILKYY klsa aotkjds jdcarmktjad cram thn PY@O.

99. cthn iadsulkr accjinr `ntnrmjdns thkt curthnr jdcaddktjad js dnn`n` ar jcthnrn js

jdsuccjijndt jdcarmktjad ta mken kd k`gu`jiktjad, thn iadsulkr accjinr mky rncusn kd jd`jvjùkl 's

vjsk kppljiktjad ud`nr 8 ^.Y.I. ;?2;(f), rnqunst curthnr jdcarmktjad cram thn kppljikdt, kd`/ar

rnqunst k Yniurjty K`vjsary Apjdjad ( YKA ) cram thn @npkrtmndt a c Ytktn. K YKA rnqunst

jdjtjktns kd jdtnrkfndiy rnvjnw ac jdcarmktjad koaut thn kppljikdt kvkjlkoln ta thn @npkrtmndt ac

Ytktn kd` athnr kfndijns, jdilu`jdf ilkssjcjn` jdtnlljfndin jd PJ@N, ta `ntnrmjdn whnthnr thn kljnd

js jdk`mjssjoln ud`nr 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(K) ar (O) ar athnrwjsn jdnljfjoln car k vjsk. c

rnqunstn`, k YKA apjdjad js rnd`nrn` kd` thn iadsulkr accjinr rnvjnws thn YKA apjdjad. Phn

iadsulkr accjinr thnd `nij`ns whnthnr ta jssun thn vjsk ar rncusn thn vjsk kppljiktjad.

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tkf wjth JD_, PYI, kd` Ytnvn Dkufln ac thn COG's SFPA accjin,cjdklly wn'rn fajrjf ta rnvaen thnm.

Rnr my iadvnrsktjad wjth Ytnvn, thnrn js da prkitjikl wky ta`ntnrmjdn whkt thn oksjs ac thn jdvnstjfktjad js car thnsn kppljikdts.Phn adly wky ta à jt waul` on ta iadtkit thn iksn kfndt car nkihiksn jd`jvjùklly ta `ntnrmjdn whkt thn oksjs ac thn jdvnstjfktjad js.Yjdin wn àd' t hkvn thn tjmn ta à thkt (kd`, jd my nxpnrjndin, iksnkfndts àd t ikll yau okie pramptly, jc kt kll), wn wjll kiinpt thkt thnapndjdf a c kd jdvnstjfktjad jtsnlc js k prjmk ckijn jd`jiktar acpatndtjkl jdnljfjojljty ud`nr 9(O)

02. K pnd`jdf rnvaiktjad car @r. Jorkhjm wks jd thn koavn-rncnrndin` stkie. (Kfkjd,

SFPA rncnrrn` ta thn COJ's Sjalndt Fkdf kd` Pnrrarjst Arfkdjzktjad accjin5 JD_ rncnrs ta thn

@npkrtmndt a c Ytktn's Ournku acldtnlljfndin kd` _nsnkrih5 kd` thn tnrm 9(O) rncnrrn` ta Ynitjad

?;?(k)(9)(O) acthn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O).)

0;. @r. Jorkhjm's C-; stu`ndt vjsk wks rnvaen` ad Gkdukry 9;, ?22>. Phn inrtjcjiktn ac

rnvaikt jad stktn`7 suosnqundt ta vjsk jssukdin, jdcarmktjad hks iamn ta ljfht jd`jiktjdf thkt thn

kljnd mky on jdk`mjsskoln ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns kd` jdnljfjoln ta rninjvn k vjsk ud`nr snitjad

?;?(k)(9)(O) acthn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, suih thkt thn l j n ~shaul` rnkppnkr oncarn k

^.Y. Iadsulkr Accjinr ta nstkoljsh hjs nljfjojljty car k vjsk oncarn onjdf pnrmjttn` ta kpply car ndtry

ta thn djtn` Ytktns (PX ;>). Phn trjkl rniar` àns dat nxplkjd whkt jdcarmktjad hk` iamn ta

ljfht. Kctnr @r. Jorkhjm's vjsk wks rnvaen`, thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn ndtnrn` k rniar` jdta ILKYY

thkt waul` datjcy kdy iadsulkr accjinr k`gu`jiktjdf k cuturn vjsk kppljiktjad suomjttn` oy @r.

Jorkhjm thkt @r. Jorkhjm mky on jdk`mjssjoln ud`nr 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O).

0?. Phn rnvaiktjad wks pursukdt ta Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O) ac thn Jmmjfrktjad kd`

Dktjadklj ty Kit, 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O). Phn rnvaiktjad jtsnlc wks ad Gkdukry 9;, ?22>, kd` @r.

Jorkhjm lnkrdn` ac thn rnvaiktjad jd Mkrih ?22>.

09. Jd kd n-mkjl `ktn` Cnorukry 8 ?22>, ontwnnd thn ihjnc ac thn iadsulkr snitjad kt thn

^djtn` Ytktns Nmokssy jd Euklk Lumpur kd` kd accjijkl jd thn iaar`jdktjad `jvjsjadac

thn vjskaccjin ac thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn, thn ihjnc ksen` koaut k pru`ndtjkl vjsk rnvaiktjad ikoln hn hk`

rninjvn` iadinrdjdf thn nvndts @r. Jorkhjm nxpnrjndin` jd Gkdukry ?22>. Phn @npkrtmndt a c Ytktn

nmplaynn rnpljn` jd n-mkjl stktjdf (PX ;6)7

Rkul ksen` mn ta rnspad` ta yau ad thjs iksn, ks J hkd`ln rnvaiktjadsjd SA/L/I. Phn shart vnrsjad js thkt thjs pnrsad's vjsk wks rnvaen`

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onikusn thnrn js lkw ndcarinmndt jdtnrnst jd hnr ks k patndtjkltnrrarjst. Phjs js succjijndt ta pru`ndtjklly rnvaen k vjsk out ànsd'tiadstjtutn k cjd`jdf ac jdnljfjojljty. Phn j`nk js ta rnvaen cjrst kd`rnsalvn thn jssuns lktnr jd thn iadtnxt ac k dnw vjsk kppljiktjadMy funss oksn` ad pkst nxpnrjndin js thkt shn's praokoly jssukoln.Hawnvnr, thnrn's da wky ta on surn wjthaut puttjdf hnr thraufh thnjdtnrkfndiy prainss. J' ll fjd up thn rnvaiktjad.

SA/LJI js thn `nsjfdktjad ac thn iaar`jdktjad `jvjsjad wjthjd thn vjsk accjin.

00. Kctnr shn trjn` udsuiinsscully ta rnturd ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns jd Mkrih ?22>, usjdf

whkt shn thaufht wks k vklj` stu`ndt vjsk, k lnttnr krrjvn` car @r. Jorkhjm, `ktn` Kprjl ?22>,

stktjdf7 Ut]hn rnvaiktjad a c yaur vjsk àns dat dninsskrjly jd`jiktn thkt yau krn jdnljfjoln ta

rninjvn k ^.Y. vjsk jd cuturn Usji]. Phkt `ntnrmjdktjad ikd adly on mk`n kt suih tjmn ks yau kpply

car k dnw vjsk. Yhaul` yau ihaasn ta à sa, jdstruitjads ikd on caud` ad thn Nmokssy wno sjtn kt

http7//mklkysjk.usnmokssy.fav (PX ??0).

0>. Pa rnpnkt, favnrdmndt iaudsnl hk'7'n iadin`n` kt trjkl kd` thjs ar`nr cjd`s thkt @r.

Jorkhjm js dat k thrnkt ta thn dktjadkl sniurjty a c thn ^djtn` Ytktns. Yhn àns dat pasn (kd` hks dat

pasn`) k thrnkt a c iammjttjdf kd kit ac jdtnrdktjadkl ar àmnstji tnrrarjsm wjth rnspnit ta kd

kjrirkct, k thrnkt ta kjrljdn pkssndfnr ar ijvjl kvjktjad sniurjty, ar k thrnkt a c àmnstji tnrrarjsm.

03. Jd Mkrih ?22>, @r. Jorkhjm cjln` k Rkssndfnr J`ndtjty Snrjcjiktjad Carm (RJSC)

(PX 63).06. Jd @ninmonr ?22>, @r. Jorkhjm wks rnmavn` cram thn snlnitnn ljst. Kraud` thjs

tjmn, hawnvnr, shn wks k``n` ta PKIPJIY (usn` oy Kustrkljk) kd` P^YIKD (usn` oy Ikdk`k).

Da rnksad wks pravj`n` car thjs kt trjkl.

08. Ad Gkdukry ?6, ?223, thjs kitjad wks cjln`.

0:. Jd k carm `ktn` Cnorukry ;2, ?223, kd udj`ndtjcjn` favnrdmndt kfndt rnqunstn` thkt

@r. Jorkhjm on _nmavnU ` Cram KLL Vktihljstjdf Yuppartn` Yystnms (Car tnrrarjst suognits7

ùn ta ilasurna c

iksn KD@ da dnxus ta tnrrarjsm) (PX ;2). Car thn qunstjad Js thn jd`jvjùklqukljcjn` car plkinmndt ad thn da cly ljst, thn Da oax wks ihnien`. Car thn qunstjad, Jc da, js

thn jd`jvjùkl qukljcjn` car plkinmndt ad thn snlnitnn ljst, thn Da oax wks ihnien`.

>2. Jd ?223, thn f a v r d m ~ d t`ntnrmjdn` thkt @r. Jorkhjm `j` dat mnnt thn rnksadkoln

suspjijad stkd`kr`. Ad Ynptnmonr ;8, ?223, @r. Jorkhjm wks rnmavn` cram thn PY@O. Phn trjkl

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rniar`, hawnvnr, àns dat shaw whnthnr shn wks rnmavn` cram kll ac thn iustamnr wktihljsts

suosirjojdf ta thn PY@O.

>;. Jd k lnttnr `ktn` Mkrih ; ?223, thn PYK rnspad`n` ta @r. Jorkhjm s RJSC

suomjssjad ks callaws (PX 02)7

Phn Prkdspartktjad Yniurjty K`mjdjstrktjad (PYK) hks rninjvn` yaurRkssndfnr J`ndtjty Snrjcjiktjad Carm (RJSC) kd` j`ndtjtyàiumndtktjad. Jd rnspadsn ta yaur rnqunst, wn hkvn iadùitn` krnvjnw ac kdy kppljikoln rniar`s jd iadsultktjad wjth athnr cn`nrklkfndijns, ks kppraprjktn. Vhnrn jt hks onnd `ntnrmjdn` thkt kiarrnitjad ta rniar`s js wkrrkdtn`, thnsn rniar`s hkvn onnd ma`jcjn`ta k``rnss kdy `nlky ar `ndjkl ac oakr`jdf thkt yau mky hkvnnxpnrjndin` ks k rnsult ac thn wktihljst sirnndjdf prainss Phjslnttnr iadstjtutns PYK s cjdkl kfndiy `nijsjad, whjih js rnvjnwkolnoy thn ^djtn` Ytktns Iaurt ac Kppnkls ud`nr 0: ^.Y.I. 03;;2. Jcyau hkvn kdy curthnr qunstjads, plnksn ikll thn PYK Iadtkit IndtnrAccjin ac Prkdspartktjad Yniurjty _n`rnss (APY_) tall-crnn kt (833)?8:-:369 ar laiklly kt (>6;) ??6-?:22, snd` kd Un]-mkjl ta PYKIadtkitIndtnrB`hs.fav, ar wrjtn ta thn callawjdf k``rnss

Phn rnspadsn `j` dat jd`jiktn @r. Jorkhjm s stktus wjth rnspnit ta thn PY@O kd` da-cly kd`

snlnitnn ljsts.

>?. Adn ynkr lktnr, ad Mkrih ? ?226, @r. Jorkhjm wks plkin` okie jd thn PY@O. Phn

trjkl rniar` àns dat shaw why ar whjih iustamnr wktihljsts wnrn ta on datjcjn`.

>9. Pwa madths lktnr, hawnvnr, ad Mky 92, ?226, @r. Jorkhjm wks kfkjd rnmavn` cram

thn PY@O. Phn trjkl rniar` àns dat shaw thn nxtndt ta whjih @r. Jorkhjm s dkmn wks thnd

rnmavn` cram thn iustamnr wktihljsts, dar thn rnksad car thn rnmavkl.

>0. @r. Jorkhjm j` dat kpply car k dnw vjsk cram ?22> ta ?22:. Jd ?22:, hawnvnr, shn

kppljn` car k vjsk ta kttnd` prainn`jdfs jd thjs kitjad. Ad Ynptnmonr ?:, ?22:, @r. Jorkhjm wks

jdtnrvjnwn` kt thn Kmnrjikd Nmokssy jd Euklk Lumpur car hnr vjsk kppljiktjad.

>>. Ad Aitaonr ?2, ?22:, @r. Jorkhjm wks damjdktn` ta thn PY@O pursukdt ta k snirnt

nxinptjad ta thn rnksadkoln suspjijad stkd`kr`. Phn dkturn ac thn nxinptjad kd` thn rnksads car thn

damjdktjad krn ilkjmn` ta on stktn snirnts. Jd @r. Jorkhjm s ijriumstkdin, thn nccnit acthn

damjdktjad wks thkt @r. Jorkhjm s jdcarmktjad wks nxpartn` salnly ta thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn s

ILKYY `ktkoksn kd` thn ^djtn` ~ t t n sIustams kd` Oar`nr Rktral s PNIY `ktkoksn.

>3. Cram Aitaonr ?22: ta prnsndt, @r. Jorkhjm hks onnd jdilu`n` jd thn PY@O,

ILKYY, kd` PNIY. Yhn hks onnd acc thn da-cly kd` snlnitnn ljsts.

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>6. @r. Jorkhjm's ?22: vjsk kppljiktjad wks jdjtjklly rncusn` ud`nr Ynitjad ??;(f) ac

thn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, 8 ^.Y.I. ;?2l(f), onikusn jt wks `ntnrmjdktn` thkt thnrn wks

jdsuccjijndt jdcarmktjad ta mken k cjdkl k`gu`jiktjad jd thn mkttnr. Phn iadsulkr accjinr rnqunstn`

k Yniurjty K`vjsary Apjdjad ( YKA ) cram thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn. Phnrn wks k iadinrd oy thn

iadsulkr accjijkl thkt @r. Jorkhjm wks patndtjklly jdk`mjssjoln ud`nr Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O) acthn

Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit.

>8. Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O) pravj`ns djdn ilkssns ac kljnds jdnljfjoln car vjsks ar

k`mjssjad jdta thn ^djtn` Ytktns oksn` ad tnrrarjst kitjvjtjns. Onikusn thkt pravjsjad js lndfthy

kd` iavnrs mkdy `jccnrndt iktnfarjns, kd` onikusn jts lndfth onkrs ad thn rnljnc frkdtn` hnrnjd,

Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O), 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O), js snt carth jd cull hnrn7(O) Pnrrarjst kitjvjtjns

(j) Jd fndnrkl

Kdy kljnd wha--

(J) hks ndfkfn` jd k tnrrarjst kitjvjty5

(JJ) k iadsulkr accjinr, thn Kttardny Fndnrkl, ar thn Ynirntkry acHamnlkd` Yniurjty edaws, ar hks rnksadkoln fraud` ta onljnvn, jsndfkfn` jd ar js ljenly ta ndfkfn kctnr ndtry jd kdy tnrrarjst kitjvjty(ks `ncjdn` jd ilkusn (jv))5

(JJJ) hks, ud`nr ijriumstkdins jd`jiktjdf kd jdtndtjad ta ikusn `nkthar snrjaus oa`jly hkrm, jdijtn` tnrrarjst kitjvjty5

(JS) js k rnprnsndtktjvn (ks `ncjdn` jd ilkusn (v)) ac--

(kk) k tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjad (ks `ncjdn` jd ilkusn (vj))5 ar

(oo) k paljtjikl, saijkl, ar athnr fraup thkt ndàrsns a r nspausnstnrrarjst kitjvjty5

(S) js k mnmonr ac k tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjad `nsirjon` jd suoilkusn(J) ar (JJ) ac ilkusn (vj)5

(SJ) js k mnmonr ac k tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjad `nsirjon` jd ilkusn (vj)(JJJ), udlnss thn kljnd ikd `nmadstrktn oy ilnkr kd` iadvjdijdfnvj`ndin thkt thn kljnd `j` dat edaw, kd` shaul` dat rnksadkolyhkvn edawd, thkt thn arfkdjzktjad wks k tnrrarjst arfkdjzktjad5

(SJJ) ndàrsns ar nspausns tnrrarjst kitjvjty ar pnrsuk`ns athnrs tandàrsn ar nspausn tnrrarjst kitjvjty ar suppart k tnrrarjstarfkdjzktjad5

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JO_KHJM. _kojRkh OjdllDkmn {Lkst Cjrst Mj``ln}

?22:?6; 2> ;.g ELL

@nkrSjsk Kppljikdt7

Phjs accjin rnfrnts ta jdcarmyau thkt jt s udkoln ta jssun k vjsk t yau onikusn yau hkvn onnd caud` jdnljfjolnta rninjvn k vjsk ud`nr thn callawjdfsnitjad(s) ac thn Jmmjfrktjad kd` DktjadkGjtyKit. Phn jdcarmktjad .iadtkjdn` jd thn pkrkfrkphs mkren` wjth "X"pnrtkjd ta yaur vjsk kppljiktjad. Rlnksn `jsrnfkr` thn udmkren`pkrkfrkphs.

2 Ynitjad ??; (f) whjih prahjojts th jssukdin ac k vjsk ta kdyadn whasn kppHiktlad àns dat iamply wjththn pravjscads ac thn Jmmjfrktjad kd` DktjadkljtyKit ar rnfulktjadY jssun` pursukdt thnrnta. Phncallawjdf rnmkres kpp}yJd yaur iksn5""

2 Ynitjad ?;?(k}(;g hnkltjH'nlktn` fraud`s.2 Yniâd ?;?{k}(0) whjih prahjojts thn jssukdin ack vjsk ta kdyadn cjenly taoniamn k puolji ihkrfn.

8l Ynitjad ?;?{k){9) d LP 7 ~ v

w 5 2 Athnr72 Curthnr a d s l ~ r t j a dwllG on fjvnd ta yaur vjsk kppljiktjad kctnryau ao kjd kd` prnsndt thn àiumndts

cjstn` koavn'kd`jarthn callawjdf7

2 Zau krn nljfjoln ta kpplycar k wkjvnrac ^jn fraud`(s) ac jdnljfjomw.

Cjfurn ?. @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn Sjsk _ncuskl Lnttnr .

3;. K Ynitjad ?;? `) 9) K) wkjvnrjs

adn frkdtn` oy thn Kttardny Fndnrkl ar thniadsulkr accjin car kljnds wha hkvn inrtkjd jdk`mjssjojljtjns out krn stjll pnrmjttn` ta aotkjd vjsks.

Ynitjad ?;? `) 9) K), 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8? `) 9) K), stktns7

Nxinpt ks pravj`n` jd thjs suosnitjad, kd kljnd j) wha js kpplyjdfcar k dadjmmjfrkdt vjsk kd` js edawd ar onljnvn` oy thn iadsulkraccjinr ta on jdnljfjoln car suih vjsk ud`nr suosnitjad k) ac thjssnitjad athnr thkd pkrkfrkphs 9) K) j) l), 9) K) jj), 9) K) jjj),9) I), kd` ilkusns (j) kd` jj) ac pkrkfrkph 9) N) ac suih

suosnitjad), mky, kctnr kppravkl oy thn Kttardny Fndnrkl ac krniammnd`ktjad oy thn Ynirntkry ac Ytktn ar oy thn iadsulkr accjinrthkt thn kljnd on k`mjttn` tnmparkrjly `nspjtn hjs jdk`mjssjojljty, on

frkdtn` suih k vjsk kd` mky on k`mjttn` jdta thn ^djtn` Ytktnstnmparkrjly ks k dadjmmjfrkdt jd thn `jsirntjad ac thn KttardnyFndnrkl, ar jj) wha js jdk`mjssjoln ud`nr suosnitjad k) ac thjssnitjad athnr thkd pkrkfrkphs 9) K) j) l), 9) K) jj), 9) K) jjj),9) I), kd` ilkusns (j) kd` jj) ac pkrkfrkph 9) N) ac suih

suosnitjad), out wha js jd passnssjad ac kppraprjktn àiumndts ar jsfrkdtn` k wkjvnr thnrnac kd` js snnejdf k`mjssjad, mky on k`mjttn`jdta thn ^djtn` Ytktns tnmparkrjly ks k dadjmmjfrkdt jd thn`jsirntjad ac thn Kttardny Fndnrkl. Phn Kttardny Fndnrkl shkllprnsirjon iad`jtjads, jdilu`jdf nxkitjad ac suih oad`s ks mky on

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dninsskry, ta iadtral kd` rnfulktn thn k`mjssjad kd` rnturd acjdk`mjssjoln kljnds kpplyjdf car tnmparkry k`mjssjad ud`nr thjspkrkfrkph.

3?. Ynitjad 02.92;acPjtln

??acthn

Ia`n acCn`nrkl _nfulktjads stktns7k) _npart ar rniammnd`ktjad ta @npkrtmndt. Nxinpt ks pravj`n` jd

pkrkfrkph o) ac thjs snitjad, iadsulkr accjinrs mky, upad thnjr awdjdjtjktjvn, kd` shkll, upad thn rnqunst ac thn Ynirntkry ac Ytktn arupad thn rnqunst ac thn kljnd, suomjt k rnpart ta thn @npkrtmndt carpassjoln trkdsmjssjad ta thn Ynirntkry ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjtypursukdt ta thn pravjsjads ac JDK ?;? `) 9) K) jd thn iksn ac kdkljnd wha js ilkssjcjkoln ks k dadjmmjfrkdt out wha js edawd aronljnvn` oy thn iadsulkr accjinr ta on jdnljfjoln ta rninjvn kdadjmmjfrkdt vjsk ud`nr thn pravjsjads ac JDK ?;? k), athnr thkdJDK ?;? k) 9) K) j) J), 9) K) jj), 9) K) jjj), 9) I), 9) N) j), ar9 ) N) jj).

o) _niammnd`ktjad ta `nsjfdktn` @HY accjinr korak`. K iadsulkraccjinr mky, jd inrtkjd iktnfarjns `ncjdn` oy thn Ynirntkry ac Ytktn,rniammnd` `jrnitly ta `nsjfdktn` @HY accjinrs thkt thn tnmparkryk`mjssjad ac kd kljnd jdnljfjoln ta rninjvn k vjsk on kutharjzn` ud`nrJDK ?;? `) 9) K).

i) Ynirntkry ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty mky jmpasn iad`jtjads. Vhndthn Ynirntkry ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty kutharjzns thn tnmparkryk`mjssjad ac kd jdnljfjoln kljnd ks k dadjmmjfrkdt kd` thn iadsulkraccjinr js sa jdcarmn`, thn iadsulkr accjinr mky prainn` wjth thnjssukdin ac k dadjmmjfrkdt vjsk ta thn kljnd, suognit ta thniad`jtjads, jc kdy, jmpasn` oy thn Ynirntkry ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty.

39. Ynitjad 0;.;?; o) snts carth thn vjsk rncuskl prainùrn whjih jdilu`ns jdcarmjdf thn

kljnd ac whnthnr fraud`s ac jdnljfjojljty udlnss `jsilasurn js okrrn` ud`nr Ynitjad ?;? o ) ?) ar

9)) kd` whnthnr thnrn js, jd lkw ar rnfulktjad, k mnihkdjsm suih ks wkjvnr) ta avnriamn thn

rncuskl. Ynitjad 0;.;?; o) l) acPjtln ?? acthn Ia`n ac n`nrkl _nfulktjads stktns7

;) Vhnd k iadsulkr accjinr edaws ar hks rnksad ta onljnvn k vjskkppljikdt js jdnljfjoln kd` rncusns thn jssukdin ac k vjsk, hn ar shnmust jdcarm thn kljnd acthn fraud` s) ac jdnljfjojljty udlnss`jsilasurn js okrrn` ud`nr JDK ?;? o) ?) ar 9)) d` whnthnr thnrnjs, jd lkw ar rnfulktjads, k mnihkdjsm suih ks k wkjvnr) taavnriamn thn rncuskl. Phn accjinr shkll datn thn rnksad car thnrncuskl ad thn kppljiktjad. ^pad rncusjdf thn dadjmmjfrkdt vjsk, thn

iadsulkr accjinr shkll rntkjd thn arjfjdkl ac nkih àiumndt upadwhjih thn rncuskl wks oksn`, ks wnll ks nkih àiumndt jd`jiktjdf kpassjoln fraud` a c jdnljfjojljty, kd` shaul` rnturd kll athnrsuppartjdf àiumndts suppljn` oy thn kppljikdt.

nmphksjs k``n`).

30. Phn PYI hks ntnrmjdn` thkt @r. Jorkhjm àns dat iurrndtly mnnt thn rnksadkoln

suspjijad stkd`kr` car jdilusjad jd thn PY@O. Yhn, hawnvnr, rnmkjds jd thn PY@O pursukdt ta k

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6?. Ad @ninmonr ;, thn Dktjadkl Pkrfntjdf Indtnr ( DPI ) wjthjd thn @npkrtmndt ac

Hamnlkd` Yniurjty onfkd vnttjdf pkssndfnrs car thn Rhjljppjdn Kjrljdns cljfht. DPI accjinrs

`ntnrmjdn` thkt Ms. Ekmkl wks mktihn` ta k rniar` thkt wks ljstn` jd thn PY@O jd k iktnfary

whjih datjcjns thn @npkrtmndt ac Ytktn kd` @npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd` Yniurjty thkt athnr

favnrdmndt kfndijns mky on jd passnssjad ac suostkdtjvn `nrafktary jdcarmktjad koaut thn

jd`jvjùkl thkt mky on rnlnvkdt ta kd k`mjssjojljty `ntnrmjdktjad ud`nr thn Jmmjfrktjad kd`

Dktjadkljty Kit. ^djtn` Ytktns ijtjznds, ac iaursn, krn at suognit ta thn k`mjssjojljty pravjsjads ac

thn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit.

69. Vjthjd sjx mjdutns, thn ^djtn` Ytktns Iustams kd` Oar`nr Rktral ( IOR )

`ntnrmjdn` thkt Ms. Ekmkl kppnkrn` ta on k ^djtn` Ytktns ijtjznd. Phn pkssndfnr jdcarmktjad

suomjttn` oy thn Rhjljppjdn Kjrljdns car hnr cljfht, hawnvnr, `j` dat jdilu`n ijtjznd jdcarmktjad.

Phnrn wks thus k dnn` ta vnrjcy hnr j`ndtjcy upad ihnie-jd. Phn DPI rnqunstn` k``jtjadkl

sirnndjdf ac Ms. Ekmkl jd Mkdjlk vjk thn rnfjadkl ikrrjnr ljkjsad fraup ( _ILF ) jd Hkwkjj.

60. Phn suognit ljdn ta kd n-mkjl `ktn` @ninmonr ;, cram thn Hkwkjj _ILF ta thn

Rhjljppjdn Kjrljdns stktn`7 RAYYJOLN DA OAK_@ _N[^NYPRD_ VD@ZGY kd` stktn`

DAPJIN PA KJ_ IK__JN_ Phn U@HY kd` IOR] rniammnd`s thn kjrljdn ta iadtkit H_ILF

whnd thn callawjdf pkssndfnr shaws up ta ihnie jd iaudtnr ta vnrjcy jdcarmktjad rnfkr`jdf

pkssndfnr Mustkck Ekmkl, _ (@ufkd @nil. Nxh. K).

6>. Oncarn thn sihnùln` `npkrturn tjmn, thn _ILF wks mnrnly k`vjsn` thkt Ms. Ekmkl

`j` dat krrjvn car hnr sihnùln` `npkrturn.

63. Ad @ninmonr ?, Ms. Ekmkl 's rniar`s wnrn up`ktn` jd thn PY@O ta rnclnit thkt shn

wks k ^djtn` Ytktns ijtjznd. Phn rnqunst car k``jtjadkl sirnndjdf wks rnsijd`n` kd` jt wks

rnqunstn` thkt Ms. Ekmkl on kllawn` ta oakr` wjthaut `nlky.

?>


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27/38

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Cjrst, thn prjvktn jdtnrnst thkt wjll on kccnitn` oy thn accjijkl kitjad5sniad`, thn rjse ac kd nrradnaus `nprjvktjad ac suih jdtnrnst thraufhthn prainùrns usn`, kd` thn praokoln vklun, jc kdy, ac k``jtjadkl arsuostjtutn prainùrkl skcnfukr`s5 kd` cjdklly, thn Favnrdmndt sjdtnrnst.

@un prainss pravj`ns hnjfhtndn` pratnitjad kfkjdst favnrdmndt jdtnrcnrndin whnd inrtkjd

cud`kmndtkl rjfhts kd` ljonrty jdtnrnsts krn jdvalvn`. Vkshjdftad v Fluiesonrf >?; ^.Y. 62?,

6?2 (;::6).

Vjth rnspnit ta @r. Jorkhjm, thn prjvktn jdtnrnsts kt stken jd hnr ?22> `nprjvktjads wnrn thn

rjfht ta trkvnl, Endt v @ullns 9>6 ^.Y. ;;3, ;?> (;:>8), kd` thn rjfht ta on crnn cram

jdikrinrktjad, Hkm`j v _umscnl` >0? ^.Y. >26, >?: (?220), kd` cram thn stjfmk kd` humjljktjad

ac k puolji `ndjkl ac oakr`jdf kd` jdikrinrktjad, Rkul v @kvjs 0?0 ^.Y. 3:9,62;, 6;; (;:63), kdy

adn ac whjih waul` on succjijndt kd` kll thrnn acwhjih kpply ad thjs rniar`.

Vjth rnspnit ta thn favnrdmndt s jdtnrnst, kll waul` surnly kfrnn thkt aur favnrdmndt must

kd` shaul` t rkie tnrrarjsts wha pasn k thrnkt ta Kmnr j ik dat gust ta jts kjr trkvnl - out ta kdy

kspnit ac aur dktjadkl sniurjty. Jd thjs iaddnitjad, hawnvnr, thn favnrdmndt iadin`ns thkt @r.

Jorkhjm hnrsnlc pasns da suih thrnkt (dar `j` shn jd ?22>).

Phn cjdkl Mkthnws ckitar js thn rjse ac kd nrradnaus `nprjvktjad thraufh thn prainùrns

usn` kd` thn praokoln vklun, jc kdy, ac k``jtjadkl ar suostjtutn prainùrkl skcnfukr`s. COJ Kfndt

Enllny mk`n k plkjd, al`-ckshjadn`, madumndtkl nrrar jd cjlljdf aut thn SFPAC damjdktjad carm

car @r. Jorkhjm. Hn ihnien` thn oaxns jd nxkitly thn appasjtn wky cram thn jdstruitjads ad thn

carm, thus damjdktjdf @r. Jorkhjm ta thn da-cly ljst (kfkjdst hjs jdtndtjad). Phjs wks thn stkrt ac kll

praolnms jd @r. Jorkhjm s iksn. Yurprjsjdfly, Kfndt Enllny cjrst lnkrdn` ac thjs mjstken njfht

ynkrs lktnr kt hjs `npasjtjad.

Yjfdjcjikdtly, thnrncarn, aur iksn jdvalvns k iadin`n`, pravnd, ud`ndjkoln, kd` snrjaus

nrrar oy thn favnrdmndt dat mnrnly k rjse ac nrrar. Iadsnqundtly, thjs ar`nr hal s thkt ùn

prainss ndtjtlns @r. Jorkhjm ta k iarrnitjad jd thn favnrdmndt s rniar`s ta prnvndt thn ?220 nrrar

cram curthnr prapkfktjdf thraufh thn vkrjaus kfndiy `ktkoksns kd` cram ikusjdf curthnr jdgury ta

@r. Jorkhjm. Oy thjs ar`nr, kll `ncnd`kdts shkll spnijcjiklly kd` tharaufhly qunry thn `ktkoksns

mkjdtkjdn` oy thnm, suih ks thn PY@O, PJ@N, ILKYY, EYPC, PNIY, JOJY, P^YIKD, PKIPJIY,

?6


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29/38

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Vjth rnspnit ta thn favnrdmndt s P_JR prafrkm, whjih àns pravj`n k mnksurn ac past

`nprjvktjad rnljnc, thjs ar`nr hal`s thkt jt js jdk`nquktn, kt lnkst ad thjs rniar`. Kctnr @r. Jorkhjm

wks `ndjn` oakr`jdf ad Gkdukry ?, ?22>, kd` `ndjn` oakr`jdf ta rnturd jd Mkrih ?22>, shn

suomjttn` k Rkssndfnr J`ndtjty Snrjcjiktjad Carm (RJSC), k prafrkm thkt nvndtuklly marphn` jdta

thn P_JR prafrkm oy ?226. Kppraxjmktnly adn ynkr lktnr, thn PYK rnspad`n` ta hnr RJSC carm

wjth thn callawjdf vkfun rnspadsn (PX 02)7

Vhnrn jt hks onnd `ntnrmjdn` thkt k iarrnitjad ta rniar`s jswkrrkdtn`, thnsn rniar`s hkvn onnd ma`jcjn` ta k``rnss kdy `nlky ar`ndjkl ac oakr`jdf thkt yau mky hkvn nxpnrjndin` ks k rnsult ac thnwktihljst sirnndjdf prainss.

Datjinkoly mjssjdf cram thn rnspadsn ta @r. Jorkhjm wks whnthn r thnrn hk` onnd nrrars jd hnr cjlns

kd` whnthnr kll nrrars jd iustamnr `ktkoksns hk` onnd iarrnitn`. Phjs vkfun rnspadsn cnll shart ac

pravj`jdf kdy kssurkdin ta @r. J o r k h j m - wha thn favnrdmndt iadin`ns js dat k dktjadkl sniurjty

thrnkt kd` wks thn vjitjm ac iadirntn, rnvjnwkoln k`vnrsn favnrdmndt kitjad ikusn` oy

favnrdmndt r r a r thkt thn mjstken hk` onnd trk in` àwd jd kll jts carms kd` vnduns kd`

iarrnitn`. K Hkrkmkjd Jslkmji Caud`., Jdi v ^djtn` Ytktns @np 't a Prnksury, 383 C.9` :3>,

:8>-88 (:th Ijr. ?2;?).

Phjs ar`nr pravj`ns adly k past-`nprjvktjad rnmn`y, ta on surn, out past-`nprjvktjad

rnmn`jns krn nccjikijaus, nspnijklly whnrn, ks hnrn, jt waul` on jmprkitjikl kd` hkrmcul ta dktjadkl

sniurjty ta rautjdnly pravj`n k prn-`nprjvktjad appartudjty ta on hnkr` ac thn orak` kd` udjvnrskl

typn urfn` oy plkjdtjcc s iaudsnl. Hkjf v Kfnn, 0>9 ^.Y. ?82, 92:-;2 (;:8;). Yuih k`vkdin

datjin ta kll damjdnns waul` kj` tnrrarjsts jd thnj r plkds ta oamo kd` ejll Kmnrjikds. Marnavnr, kt

thn tjmn ac ljstjdf, thn favnrdmndt waul` hkvn da wky acedawjdf whjih dadjmmjfrkdt kljnds

ljvjdf korak` waul` ndgay stkd`jdf ud`nr Jorkhjm JJ. Jdstnk`, kdy rnmn`y must kwkjt thn tjmn

whnd, jc nvnr, iadirntn, rnvjnwkoln k`vnrsn kitjad js tkend kfkjdst thn damjdnn.

Rut `jccnrndtly, udtjl iadirntn, rnvjnwkoln k`vnrsn kitjad aiiurs kfkjdst k damjdnn, thn

Nxniutjvn Orkdih must on crnn ta mkjdtkjd jts wktihljsts jd snirnt, gust ks cn`nrkl kfndts must on

koln ta mkjdtkjd jd snirnt jts jdvnstjfktjads jdta arfkdjzn` irjmn, `ruf trkccjiejdf arfkdjzktjads,

prastjtutjad, ihjl`-pardafrkphy rjdfs, kd` sa carth. Pa puoljijzn suih jdvnstjfktjvn `ntkjls waul`

rujd thnm. Adin iadirntn, rnvjnwkoln k`vnrsn kitjad js tkend kfkjdst k tkrfnt, thnd thnrn js kd`

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wjll on tjmn ndaufh ta `ntnddjdn whkt past-`nprjvktjad prainss js ùn thn jd`jvjùkl kccnitn`. Jd

thjs iaddnitjad, sjdin thn rnksadkoln suspjijad stkd`kr` js kd jdtnrdkl fuj`nljdn usn` wjthjd thn

Nxniutjvn Orkdih car wktihljstjdf kd` dat jmpasn` oy stktutn (ar oy spnijcji gu`jijkl hal`jdf), thn

Nxniutjvn Orkdih js crnn ta ma`jcy jts awd stkd`kr` ks dnn`n` oy nxinptjad, nvnd jc thn nxinptjad

js ilaken` jd stktn snirnts. Kdy athnr ruln rnqujrjdf rnvjnwkojljty oncarn iadirntn k`vnrsn kitjad

waul` on mkdjcnstly udwarekoln.

Fjvnd thn Ekceknsqun ad-acc-ad-ljst trnktmndt jmpasn` ad @r. Jorkhjm, thn favnrdmndt js

curthnr ar`nrn` nxprnssly ta tnll @r. Jorkhjm thkt shn js da ladfnr ad thn da-cly ljst kd` hks dat

onnd ad jt sjdin ?22> (klwkys suognit, ac iaursn, ta cuturn `nvnlapmndts kd` nvj`ndin thkt mjfht

wkrrkdt rnjdstktjdf hnr ta thn ljst). Phjs rnljnc js kppraprjktn kd` wkrrkdtn` onikusn ac thn

iadcusjad fndnrktn` oy thn favnrdmndt's awd mjstken kd` thn vnry rnkl mjskpprnhndsjad ad hnr

pkrt thkt thn lktnr vjsk `ndjkls krn trkinkoln ta hnr nrradnaus ?220 plkinmndt ad thn da-cly ljst,

suffnstjdf (rnksadkoly cram hnr vjnwpajdt) thkt shn samnhaw rnmkjds ad thn da-cly ljst.

Jt js trun, ks thn favnrdmndt kssnrts ks pkrt ac jts rjpndnss pasjtjad, thkt shn ikddat cly ta thn

^djtn` Ytktns wjthaut k vjsk, out shn js ndtjtln` ta try tij salvn adn hur`ln kt k tjmn kd` pnrhkps thn

`ky wjll iamn whnd kll hur`lns krn ilnkrn` kd` shn ikd cly okie ta aur iaudtry. Phn favnrdmndt's

lnfjtjmktn jdtnrnst jd ennpjdf snirnt thn iampasjtjad ac thn da-cly ljst shaul` yjnl`, ad thn ckits ac

thjs iksn, ta k pkrtjiulkrjzn` rnmn`y jsalktn` oy thjs ar`nr adly ta samnadn nvnd thn favnrdmndt

iadilu`ns pasns da thrnkt ta thn ^djtn` Ytktns. N v n r y a d ~nlsn jd thjs iksn edaws jt. Ks k mkttnr ac

rnmn`y, shn shaul` on tal` thkt thn da-cly hur`ln hks onnd ilnkrn`.

* * *

* Jd thn jdstkdt iksn, thn damjdktjad jd ?220 ta thn da-cly ljst wks iadin`n` kt trjkl ta hkvn onnd kmjstken. Jd thjs sndsn, thjs js kd nksjnr iksn ta rnsalvn. Hkr`nr da-cly iksns surnly nxjst. Car nxkmpln, thn

favnrdmndt usns `nrafktary jdcarmktjad ta plkin jd`jvjùkls ad thn da-cly ljst. Vhnd kd jd`jvjùkl js rncusnòakr`jdf, àns hn ar shn hkvn k rjfht ta edaw thn spnijcji jdcarmktjad thkt ln` ta thn ljstjdf1 Inrtkjdly jd samn(out dat kll) iksns, pravj`jdf thn spnijcjis waul` rnvnkl saurins kd` mntha`s usn` jd aur iaudtnrtnrrarjsm`ncndsn prafrkm kd `jsilasurn waul` udrnksadkoly gnapkr `jzn aur dktjadkl sniurjty. Rassjoly, jdstnk`, kfndnrkl summkry mjfht pravj`n k `nfrnn ac ùn prainss, kllawjdf thn damjdnn kd appartudjty ta rncutn thnihkrfn. Ar, kfndts mjfht jdtnrvjnw thn damjdnn jd suih k wky ks ta k``rnss thn pajdts ac iadinrd wjthautrnvnkljdf thn spnijcjis. Rassjoly (ar passjoly dat), nvnd thkt muih prainss waul` ontrky aur `ncndsn systnms taaur ndnmjns. Phjs ar`nr dnn` dat kd àns dat rnkih thjs taufhnr, orak`nr jssun, car, kfkjd, thn ljstjdf ac @r.Jorkhjm wks iadin`n`ly oksn` ad humkd nrrar. _nvnkljdf thjs nrrar iaul` dat kd` hks dat ontrkyn` kdywarthwhjln mntha`s ar saurins.

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Da rnljnc frkdtn` hnrnjd jmpljiktns stktn snirnts. Phn carnfajdf rnljnc ans dathjdf marn

thkd ar`nr thn favnrdmndt ta `nlntn ar ta iarrnit jd kll jts kfndiy systnms kdy adfajdf nccnits ac

jts awd k`mjttn` jdnxiuskoln nrrar kd` rniadcjrm whkt shn wks tal` jd ?22>, dkmnly thkt shn js dat

ad thn da-cly ljst. Phn favnrdmndt hks da `ncndsn, ilkssjcjn` ar dat, kfkjdst thnjr iadin`n` nrrar jd

?220. Jd iamplyjdf wjth thjs rnljnc, thn favnrdmndt wjll dat hkvn ta rnvnkl kdy ilkssjcjn`

jdcarmktjad. t mnrnly hks ta inrtjcy thkt jt hks ilnkdsn` jts rniar` ac jts awd nrrar kd` rnvnkl ta

plkjdtjcc hnr iurrndt da-cly ljst stktus, k dad-ilkssjcjn` jtnm thkt thn @npkrtmndt ac Hamnlkd`

Yniurjty jtsnlc rnvnkln` ta @r. Jorkhjm jd ?22>.

Jd sum, kctnr whkt aur favnrdmndt hks àdn oy nrrar ta @r. Jorkhjm, thjs ar`nr hal`s thkt

shn js ndtjtln` ta thn past-`nprjvktjad rnmn`y `nsirjon` koavn, thkt thn favnrdmndt's past

`nprjvktjad k`mjdjstrktjvn rnmn`jns ckll ckr shart ac suih rnljnc, kd` ta `ndy hnr suih rnljnc waul`

`nprjvn hnr ac ùn prainss ac lkw. Phjs ar`nr wjll supply thn ùn prainss thkt athnrwjsn hks onnd

`ndjn` ta plkjdtjcc.

PHN SJYK JYY^NY

Jd @ninmonr ?22:, @r. Jorkhjm wks jdcarmn` thkt hnr vjsk kppljiktjad wks `ndjn` pursukdt

ta Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O) acthn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O). Phn

iadsulkr accjinr wratn thn war` (Pnrrarjst) ad thn `ndjkl carm. t js ud`jsputn`, marnavnr, thkt

thn vjsk rncuskl carm `j` dat hkvn k ihnie mkre dnxt ta thn oax stktjdf, Zau krn nljfjoln ta kpply

car k wkjvnr ad thn fraud`(s) ac jdnljfjojljty (PX 06). t js klsa ud`jsputn` thkt thn Jmmjfrktjad

kd` Dkturkljzktjad Kit pravj`ns thkt dadjmmjfrkdt vjsk kppljikdts mky kpply car k wkjvnr ac mkdy

acthn fraud`s ac vjsk jdnljfjojljty ud`nr 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k).

Phn Iaurt hks rnk` thn rnlnvkdt ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad, ud`nr snkl kd` nx pkrtn thkt ln` ta

thn vjsk `ndjkls. Phkt ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad, jc kiiurktn, wkrrkdtn` `ndjkl ac thn vjsk ud`nr

Ynitjad ?;?(k)(9)(O) acthn Jmmjfrktjad kd` Dktjadkljty Kit, 8 ^.Y.I. ;;8?(k)(9)(O). (Phkt

jdcarmktjad wks `jccnrndt cram thn ?220 mjstkend damjdktjad oy Kfndt Enllny.) Phnrncarn, ud`nr

thn stktn snirnts prjvjlnfn, kdy ihkllndfn ta thn vjsk `ndjkls jd ?22: kd` ?2;9 must on `ndjn`.

Mahkmn` v Gnppnsnd @ktkplkd Jdi. 3;0 C.9` ;262, ;282, ;283-8: (:th Ijr. ?2;2) (nd okdn). Jd

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APHN_ IHKLLNDFNY

Klthaufh plkjd tjccs iaudsnl rkjsn athnr iadstjtutjadkl ihkllndfns, thasn krfumndts, nvnd jc

suiinsscul, waul` dat lnk` ta kdy frnktnr rnljnc thkd klrnk`y ar`nrn`. t must on nmphksjzn` thkt

thn arjfjdkl ikusn ac thn k`vnrsn kitjad wks humkd nrrar. Phkt nrrar wks dat matjvktn` oy rkin,

rnljfjad, ar nthdjijty. Vhjln jt js plkusjoln thkt @r. Jorkhjm wks jdtnrvjnwn` jd thn cjrst plkin ad

kiiaudt ac hnr raats kd` rnljfjad, thjs ar`nr àns dat sa cjd`, car jt js uddninsskry ta rnkih thn

pajdt, fjvnd thkt thn adly iadirntn k`vnrsn kitjad ta @r. Jorkhjm ikmn ks k rnsult ac k mjstken oy

Kfndt Enllny jd cjlljdf aut k carm kd` cram lktnr, ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad thkt snpkrktnly ln` ta thn

udrnvjnwkoln vjsk `ndjkls.

Jc kd` whnd rnvjnwkoln iadirntn k`vnrsn kitjad js tkend oy aur favnrdmndt kfkjdst @r.

Jorkhjm, thnd wn mky hkvn kd aiiksjad ta k`gu`jiktn thn nxtndt ta whjih shn shaul` on jdcarmn`,

kt lnkst fndnrklly, ac thn ilkssjcjn` kd` ud`nr snkl fraud`s car thn kitjad kfkjdst hnr sa ks ta fjvn

hnr kd appartudjty ta rnout thn `nrafktary jdcarmktjad. Phn vjsk `ndjkl j tsnlc js dat rnvjnwkoln.

^dtjl rnvjnwkoln, iadirntn k`vnrsn kitjad aiiurs, thnrn js da aiiksjad ta ljtjfktn thn nxtndt ta

whjih kdy jdcarmktjad koaut hnr, `nrafktary ar dat, shaul` rnsj`n jd thn favnrdmndt's `ktkoksns

s k v n kd` nxinpt car thn marn ljmjtn` rnljnc pravj`n` koavn.

RÔLJI KIINYY PA A^_ IA^_PY

Phn dnxt pkrt ac thjs ar`nr k``rnssns thn crustrktjdf nccarts oy thn favnrdmndt ta shjnl` jts

kitjads cram puolji vjnw kd` thn nxtndt ta whjih thjs ar`nr shaul` on mk`n puolji. Car thn tjmn

onjdf, kll acthn ar`nr shkll rnmkjd snirnt (skvn kd` nxinpt car k orjnc puolji summkry) udtjl thn

iaurt ac kppnkls ikd ruln ad thjs Iaurt's vjnw thkt thn ndtjrn ar`nr on apndn` ta puolji vjnw.

Adn ac thn mkdy fjcts lnct car us oy Ijriujt Gu`fn Ontty Clntihnr wks hnr `n`jiktjad ta

pratnitjdf thn iammad lkw rjfht ac thn puolji kd` thn prnss ta nxkmjdn thn ware ac aur iaurts. Jd

k `nijsjad uphal`jdf suih kiinss, Gu`fn Clntihnr wratn ac thn cn`nrkl rjfht ta jdspnit kd` iapypuolji rniar`s kd` àiumndts. Ykd Gasn Mnriury Dnws Jdi. v ^Y. @jst. It.-Darthnrd @jst. ;86

C .9` ;2:3, ;;2? (:th Ijr. ;:::). Gu`fn Clntihnr lktnr wratn thkt "Uj]d thjs ijriujt, wn stkrt wjth k

stradf prnsumptjad jd ckvar ac kiinss ta iaurt rniar`s." Caltz v Ytktn Ckrm Mutukl Kutamaojln

9>


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Jds. Ia. 99; C.9` ;;??, ;;9> (:th Ijr. ?229). Hnr `nijsjad jdstruitn` iaurts ta iadsj`nr kll

rnlnvkdt ckitars, jdilu`jdf7 thn puolji jdtnrnst jd ud`nrstkd`jdf thn gu`jijkl prainss.

Phkdes ta Gu`fn Clntihnr, thn puolji hks k wnll-rniafdjzn` rjfht ta kiinss jts iaurts.

UGu`jijkl] rniar`s krn puolji `aiumndts klmast oy `ncjdjtjad, kd` thn puolji js ndtjtln` ta kiinss

oy `nckult. Phjs prnsumptjad js stradf onikusn thn puolji hks kd jdtnrnst jd ud`nrstkd`jdf thn

gu`ji jkl prainss ks wnll ks ennpjdf k wktihcul nyn ad thn warejdfs ac puolji kfndijns. Ruolji

avnrsjfht ac iaurts kd` thnrncarn puolji kiinss ta gu`jijkl apnrktjad js caud`ktjadkl ta thn

cuditjadjdf ac favnrdmndt. Vjthaut suih avnrsjfht, thn favnrdmndt ikd oniamn kd jdstrumndt car

jdgustjin. Ekmkekdk v Ijty kd` Iaudty ac Hadalulu 006 C.9` ;;6?, ;;68, ;;82 (:th Ijr. ?223).

Jd stuooard rnsjstndin ta lnttjdf thn puolji kd` prnss snn thn `ntkjls ac thjs iksn, thn

favnrdmndt hks mk`n dumnraus matjads ta `jsmjss ad vkrjaus fraud`s, jdilu`jdf kd avnrorak`

iamplntn `jsmjsskl rnqunst oksn` ad stktn snirnts. Vhnd jt iaul` dat wjd kd autrjfht `jsmjsskl, jt

trjn` ta ilasn thn trjkl cram puolji vjnw vjk jdvaiktjad ac k stktutary prjvjlnfn car sndsjtjvn

sniurjty jdcarmktjad ( YYJ''), 0: ^.Y.I. ;;0(r) kd` 0: I.R._. ;>?2.>, kd` thn lkw ndcarinmndt

prjvjlnfn. _avjkra v ^djtn` Ytktns 9>9 .Y. >9, >: (;:>6). Kt lnkst tnd tjmns thn trjkl wks

jdtnrruptn` kd` thn puolji ksen` ta lnkvn sa thkt suih nvj`ndin iaul` on prnsndtn`.

Phjs ar`nr rniafdjzns thn lnfjtjmkiy ac pratnitjdf YYJ kd` lkw ndcarinmndt jdvnstjfktjvn

jdcarmktjad. Ad thn athnr hkd`, thn stktutn jtsnlc rniafdjzns thkt jdcarmktjad marn thkd thrnn ynkrs

al` shaul` ar`jdkrjly on `nnmn` taa stkln ta pra tn i t - whjih js thn iksn hnrn. Ynn @npkrtmndt ac

Hamnlkd` Yniurjty Kppraprjktjads Kit ac?226, Ruo. L. Da. ;2:-?:>, Ynitjad >?>(`), ;?2 Ytkt.

;9>>, ;98? (Ait. 0 ?223).

Yjfdjcjikdtly, vjrtuklly kll ac thn YYJ koaut thn warejdfs ac thn PY@O kd` jts klljn`

iamplnx ac `ktkoksns, jdilu`jdf thn da-cly ljst, js puoljily edawd. Car nxkmpln, kctnr k ?223 FKA

rnpart rnvnkln` thkt hklc ac thn tnds ac thauskd`s ac patndtjkl mktihns sndt ta thn PY@O ontwnnd

@ninmonr ?229 ta Gkdukry ?223 wnrn mjsj`ndtjcjiktjads, thn @npkrtmndt ac Gustjin puoljshn` k

Ynptnmonr ?226 ku`jt rnpart whjih rnvnkln` kstadjshjdf rnsults (PX ;2?)7

Acthn ;2> rniar`s rnvjnwn` jd thn ku`jt, 98% iadtkjdn` nrrars ar jdiadsjstndijnsthkt wnrn dat j`ndtjcjn` thraufh thn PYI s qukljty kssurkdin nccarts.

Kraud` ?226, thn PY@O jdirnksn` oy kvnrkfn ac avnr ?2,222 rniar`s pnr madth.

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% ac thn wktihljst rniar`s rnlktn` ta rn`rnss iamplkjdts wnrnjdkiiurktn, jdiamplntn, dat iurrndt, ar jdiarrnitly jdilu`n`.

Kd Aitaonr ?226 FKA rnpart `ntkjln` thn prainss oy whjih ndiaudtnrs wjth jd`jvj`ukls

ad k tnrrarjst wktihlj st krn rnsalvn`, `jsiussjdf thn rnksadkoln suspjijad stkd`kr`, `nsirjon` thn

damjdktjad prainss ta thn PYI s wktihljsts, kd` ihkrtn` thn rkpj` frawth acwktihljst rniar`s.

Phjs 80-pkfn rnpart `nsirjons k dumonr acwktihljsts kd` nvnd jd`jiktns vuldnrkojljtjns wjth thn

systnm (PX ?98) .

K Mkrih ?2;2 iadfrnssjadkl hnkrjdf jdvalvn` tnstjmady kd` stktnmndts cram favnrdmndt

accjijkls, jdilu`jdf thn @jrnitar ac thn PYI, Pjmathy G Hnkly, whnrnjd thn PY@O, ILKYY, PNIY,

da-cly kd` snlnitnn ljsts wnrn `jsiussn` jd samn `ntkjl (PX ?>2). nn Yhkrjdf kd` Kdklyzjdf

Jdcarmktjad ta Rrnvndt Pnrrarjsm, ;;;th Iadf. ;;3 (?2;2). K Mky?2;? FKA rnpart k``rnssn`

wnkednssns jd thn wktih ljst damjdktjad prainss nxpasn` jd thn wken ac thn ?22: kttnmptn` kttkie

(PX ?>;).Jd shart, puolji rnlnksn ac thjs ndtjrn ar`nr wjll rnvnkl vnry ljttln, jc kdy, jdcarmktjad koaut

thn warejdfs ac aur wktihljsts dat klrnk`y jd thn puolji `amkjd. Ruolji rnlnksn waul` rnvnkl da

ilkssjcjn` jdcarmktjad whktsanvnr.

Phjs ar`nr hks onnd `rkctn` sa ks ta k``rnss kll jssuns wjthaut rnvnkljdf kdy ilkssjcjn`

jdcarmktjad. Vjth rnspnit ta YYJ kd` lkw ndcarinmndt jdcarmktjad, thjs ar`nr hal`s thkt thn

jdcarmktjad rnvnkln` hnrnjd js taa stkln ta wkrrkdt pratnitjad cram puolji vjnw. nn Ynitjad

>?>(k)(?), ;?2 Ytkt. ;9>>, ;98?. Phnrncarn, thjs ndtjrn ar`nr wjll on mk`n puolji. Phjs kspnit acthn ar`nr, hawnvnr, wjll on YPKZN@ ^DPJL DAAD AD KR_JL ;>,?2;0, jd ar`nr ta fjvn `ncnd`kdts

kd appartudjty ta snne k curthnr stky thnrnac cram thn iaurt ac kppnkls5 mnkdwhjln, thn ndtjrn ar`nr

shkll on ^D@N_ YNKL (kd` k shart summkry wjll mnkdwhjln on rnlnksn` oy thn gu`fn car puolji

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