Digital Heritage EvangelismDEN -Digital Heritage Netherlands

Presentation to the Faculty of Visual Arts & Design, Bandung Institute of Technology

Den Haag | June 20th, 2014 | Monika Lechner | DEN.nl/english | monika.lechner@den.nl

What is DEN?

The Dutch digital heritage landscape

What is digital heritage?

Evolution of digitisation

Standardisation

User demand

Future technologies that will rock the world

Dissemination & monitoring sinds 1999

Good, best & better practise in digitisation

Digitisation = transformation !

What is DEN?

Use an open infrastructure!Work together !Use open standaards !Invest in sustainable services !Share your knowledge on digitisation ! Innovate (yourself) !

National policy

There are two sides to Dutch government policy regarding digitisation of cultural heritage:

Decentralised approach:• Strengthening local activities and innovation• Promoting creation of institutional ICT policies• Investing in staff training• Funding on national, provincial and local level

Strengthening the national infrastructure in EU-context:• “Digital Collection Netherlands”• Infrastructure for preservation and access• Legal framework / copyright• Quality assurance based on self regulation

National context of DEN

Creative industries Education Government Science

Heritage wide topics

Copyright / Legal issues Policy develop. / funding Business model innov. Digital preservation

Standards & infrastruct.

Quality assurance

Training / Man. develop.

User studies / social media

Sectors

Archaeo-logy

Archi-ves

AV-ar-chives

Libra-ries

Monu-ments

Mu-seums

Werkgroep AuteursrechtenFOBID/JC

Ministry OCW, Taalunie, Provincia governments

Kennisland, TNO, Erfgoed2.0Waterwolf, HU Utrecht

CCDD

Digitale CollectieNL, PortalsOpenCultuurData

RCE, ‘Meten is weten’, funds

GO, Reinwardt, UL/BDMS

SCP, Boekman, CBS

RCECAA-NL

BRAINACDDSTAPNA / RHC’sArchief2.0

B&GAVA-netNIMk

KBSIOBBibliotheek.nlFOBIDUKB Bijzcol

RCELEU

NMVSIMINMuseum-registerLCMQmus

HNICLICKService suppliers

KennisnetSURF

Forum StandaardisatieNOiVNationaal ArchiefNCDD

CATCH / CATCH+CLARIN / DARIAHDANSNCDD

6

Offline activitiesExpertmeetings (BASIS, Digital preservation, …) workshops, conferences www.dish.nl

Facilitator of Open Heritage Coffees

Participation in… workgroups (e.g. Copyright)… steering committees (e.g. CATCH+)… stakeholders meetings (Persistent Identifiers)… European (research projects) (e.g. ENUMERATE, Europeana Inside, MeSch)

November, 20th, 2012

– Standaards, guidelines, best practises– Projectbase with plans & evaluation– ICT-profiles of heritage institutions

Online activities: knowledgebase www.den.nl

“Thou shalt always use open standards.”

Basic requirements for findability of digital information (core set of 7 standards)

Basic requirements for the creation of digital data– Text– Image– AV-collections– Geospatial data

Basic requirements for digital preservation– Preservation policy– Responsibilities within the institutions– Participation in national repositories

Basic requirements for handling copyright (in the making)

DE BASIS / The Basics

What is digital heritage?

This is not digitisation!

This is digitisation!

Heritage =

ObjectsInformation

Three types of Digital Heritage

‘Born digital’ heritageDigital by origin (e.g. electronic art, electronic archives, digital photographs).

Digitised heritageCultural artefacts that (did) exist in the physical world and have been reproduced with digital technology (e.g. scans of paper objects, photographs of paintings,encoded audio or video, reconstructions of monuments).

Digital information about cultural heritage objectsE.g. structured object descriptions, collection leveldescriptions, x-rays of paintings, knowledge organisationsystems like thesauri and ontologies, etc.

All three types have their own needs for preservation and access

Enriched data

Full content

Digital reproductions

Thumbnails

Relations(hierarchic,

related)

Basicdescriptions

Heritage

National Collection (collection)

Collection registration / cataloguing in institutions (registration)

Traditional bibliographies and union catalogues (e.g. STCN) (disclosure)

Indexes of metadata with links to external objects (e.g. Europeana) (aggregation)

Information units with opportunities for search and display of objects(e.g. Memory of the Netherlands. (portal)

Information systems with search options for both metadata and full content (e.g. EDBO) (index / search engine)

Information systems that enable semantic searching for both metadata and full (structured) content (e.g. research data) (knowledge system)

ACT

PLAN

DO

CHECK

Project planning

User studiesHighlights (1995-)

Heavily usedCollections(2000- )

Mass Digitisation(2005- )

Evaluation

Information plans

Evolution of digitisation

Benchmarking

Business ModelInnovation

Museum collection: ± 44 million objects

Archival collections: ± 845 km (= ± 6 billion pages)

Academic libraries: ± 9 million items

Audio visual collections: 830.000 uur

Alles uit de kast: it takes 150.000 man-year to digitise the entire Dutch heritage collection kept by institutions

The Dutch Heritage Collection

How much has been digitised?

Museum

Other type of institution:

Library

Archive / records office

Total

100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

19%

13%

40%

42%

30%

24%

22%

12%

11%

17%

57%

65%

48%

47%

52%

Still needs to be digitally reproduced Already digitally reproduced No need to digitise

PhotographsArchival records

Drawings

Postcards

Engravings/Prints

Rare books

Paintings

Manuscripts

Maps

Posters

Newspapers

Other books3D works of art

Audio (music, recorded sound)

Video recordings

3D man-made objects

Serials

Film

Microforms/Microfilms

Other 2D objects

Sheet music

Other 3D objects (natural sciences)

Monuments and sites

0

50

100

ARCHAVMONLIBMUS

Digital Collection / Digitisation strategy

Archive / records office

Museum

Library

Other type of institution:

Total

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

91%

86%

86%

85%

87%

37%

35%

35%

39%

36%

Written digitisation strategy Digital collection

Issues with general use:

The offer is growing, but there is not much coherence (not even within the digital offer of a single institution)

Digitisation of primarily a push-activity, not demand-driven

Issues for institutions:

Disclosure of collections is not optional. This slows down innovation.

Specialist knowledge is required for digitisation, which is often not available.

Digital preservation is often not secured, neither for data nor for services.

Issues for the heritage domain as a whole:

Cross domain cooperation is challenged by differences in professional traditions.

A big portion of the digital collections are not available for general use.

Digital heritage if not easily findable in general search services like Google.

Some lessons learned

www.europeana.eu

Europeana contents:

Total: 30,006,395 items

17,760,167 images - paintings, drawings, maps, photos and pictures

11,546,679 texts - books, newspapers, letters, diaries and archival papers

485,813 sounds - music and spoken word from cylinders, tapes, discs and radio

198,990 videos - films, newsreels and TV broadcasts

14,746 3D objects - three-dimensional digital models

Source: Tim Berners Lee / 5stardata.info

(Linked) Open data

Flickr, started in 2004

www.ceciliaprize.com/

User demand

by Aeioux on FLICKR

Tweet Mike Ellis

Josh

Gre

enberg

@D

ISH

20

09

What does the user want?

Link: http://youtu.be/aXV-yaFmQNk

Users change…

Where do users go?

Busi

ness

Model In

novati

e C

ult

ure

el Erf

goed,

Kennis

land/D

EN

, 2

00

9

Reality check 1

Bron: Culture24 Action Research Report 2011: “How to measure success online?”

http://weareculture24.org.uk/projects/action-research/how-to-evaluate-success-online/

Reality check 2

EUROPEANA - ONLINE VISITOR SURVEY- 2011

Trustworthiness of content

Usefulness of content

General look and feel of site

Presentation of results

Ease of access to content

Navigation around the site

Search functions

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Chart 6 - Europeana - Rating against main competitor

BetterSimilarWorse

Source: IMLS

Oldies but Goldies…

What’s next?Future technologies that will rock the world(A selection)

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What’s next?Social MediaMobile MediaTablet ComputingCrowd Sourcing

so 2012!

© 2012 Léo Caillard. Tous droits réservés.

New collections, new artefacts: born digital

• “The Art of Video Games” – Smithsonian American Art Museum

- http://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/archive/2012/games/artists/ http://video.pbs.org/video/2219318375

Project ALMA Museum Boijmans:Hotspots in pictures

© 2012 Nynke van der Wal. Museum Boijmans van Beuningen

© 2012 ECLAP - European Collected Library of Artistic Performance | http://www.eclap.eu/

Video annotation ECLAP MyStoryPlayer

New search technologies

Search by:• Melodies / songs (WITCHCRAFT CatchPlus)• Visual search

- Colour- Form- Example:

OrGoogle : Search by Image

http://www.armandomuseum.nl/

• Semantic Web becoming mainstream: Linked Open DataGoogle Knowledge Graph Demo: http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/search/knowledge.html

• +Geo data

• Open data

• Open content

• Datavisualisation

• Mash ups

See: Erfgoed en LocatieGoogle World WondersOpen Cultuurdata.nl

Search in time & space: Europeana 4D

Reingest enriched data

Use and Reuse. Not perfect yet? No problem.

http://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18340897/

“We can't show you any images of this object at the moment. This may be because we have not yet digitized this object or, if we do

have a digitized image, we don't hold the rights to show it publicly. We apologize for any inconvenience.”

Object

Mixed media, mixed reality

© 2012 Léo caillard. Tous droits réservés.

Analogue + digital = smart object

Do it yourself!

3D printed object+

sensor / chip

http://www.picnicnetwork.org/rijksmuseumamsterdam-fablab

+http://www.arduino.cc/

=Bron: Beeld en Geluid

Foto’s © 2012 PICNIC Festival; Arduino.cc, Beeld en Geluid

Context aware smart object

&

adaptivecontent

“I think the future of museums will be a lot more personalised than the current one fits all visitor

experience, with technology allowing people with different interests to each have a tailored

experience.”

– Jim Richardson, Founder of Museum Next and Sumo Design

Source: ARUP report: Museums in the Digital Age. http://publications.arup.com/Publications/M/Museums_in_the_digital_age.aspx

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZdLYFkL0rQ

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For some awesome protoypes have a look at:www.mesch-project.eu

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KineticTangibleInteractiveContext awareOmnipresent

Conclusion: Cross media madness!Digital content seamlessly integrated in tangible experience.

Archives

Museums

Libraries

Archaeology

Monuments

Audiovisual archives

Information processesCollection descriptionsDigital preservationComplex objectsCreative front-ends

Exploitation / re-useLegal issuesEducational tools

Object metadataIT-backoffice / RetrievalDigital preservationInternational standards

IT-scalabilityBusiness modelsMultimedia / AVExploitation

Geographic systemsConcepts vs. ObjectsVisualisation

Geographic systemsLocal target groupsMobile media

Different expertises:

www.den.nl @stichtingdenMonika.Lechner@den.nl

Share your knowledge on digitisation!

Thank you!