20140912170940l1 intro to biomechanics ong 9 sept 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Benderi Darsril PhD
Kuan Boon, Ong Assoc Professor
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Course OutlineCourse Outline
This course studies the biomechanical factors involved in movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.
Required Readings:
•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.
• end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)
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Course OutlineCourse Outline
LECTURES & Tutorials:
• Approximately 14 individual lectures & tutorials
LABORATORIES:
10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)
ASSESSMENT:
Course Work 60%
•Final Exam (40%)
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Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.
• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D and 3 – D movements.
• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.
• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.
• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.
• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running gait.
• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.
• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective
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Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.
• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and laboratories.
• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class.
• The first option is to attend another lab time but please
• A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).
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Scinece examine the internal and external forcwes acting on the human and the effects produce by those forces
Cricket HM&ES.avi
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What is the scope of What is the scope of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied anatomy ....
Sport• Technique development• Injury reduction
Clinical• Rehabilitation• Disease identification and progression
Occupational• Ergonomics• Kinanthropometry (Growth)
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Technique Development
Injury Reduction
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Rehabilitation
Disease Identification & Progression
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Ergonomics
Kinanthropometry (growth)
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Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill?
Tactical
Technical
Physical
Mental
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Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
1.1. Past experiences as a Past experiences as a coach or playercoach or player
e.g. grip on the racquet
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Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends
e.g. two handed backhand
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Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
3.3. Consider individual Consider individual FLAIRFLAIR of athleteof athlete
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Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
Must use the previous three Must use the previous three ++ an understanding of an understanding of the the
mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement
e.g. time on strings (5 ms)
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What is the structure of What is the structure of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)
Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen
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Describing position or movementDescribing position or movementCartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)
X
Y
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Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal• right & left
Coronal (Frontal)• front & back
Transverse• Top &
Bottom
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Planes of motionPlanes of motion
Sagittal• Front Knee
Angle
Coronal (Frontal)• Trunk Angle
Transverse• Shoulder
Alignment
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History of BiomechanicsHistory of Biomechanics
1.1. Ancient Period - 300 B.CAncient Period - 300 B.C
AristotleAristotle (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician) (384 – 322 B.C)(his father is a physician)
- Father of Kinesiology- Father of Kinesiology
- First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement - First to explain C.G of movement (C.G of movement ofof
female 53% and male 57% at the anatomical positionfemale 53% and male 57% at the anatomical position
Archimedes Archimedes (287 – 212 BC)(287 – 212 BC)
- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)- develop the law of levers (by Aristotle)
- principle of buoyancy- principle of buoyancy
- moving a ship by himself - pulleys- moving a ship by himself - pulleys
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Continue: History of BiomechanicsContinue: History of Biomechanics
2.2. Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)Early Christian Era (Middle Ages – 200 A.D)
- negative emphasis - in physical development - negative emphasis - in physical development
Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)Claudians Galen (131-201 A.D)
-!st team of physician-!st team of physician
- bring anatomy to room- bring anatomy to room
- legal to open up human body- legal to open up human body
-1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the -1230 A.D. King Fredick II – legally allow the dissection of study of human bodydissection of study of human body
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Continue - History of Continue - History of BiomechanicsBiomechanics3. 3. Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.Renaissance Period(1400 -1500 A.D.• Leonardo da vinciLeonardo da vinci – 1 – 1stst modern dissector of the human body modern dissector of the human body
( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human ( referred to as a grave digger because of his work with human dissection)dissection)
4. Post Renaissance (164. Post Renaissance (16thth-17-17thth century) century)• Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder – Wrote the Fabric of the Human Body. Founder
of Modern Anatomy.of Modern Anatomy. - 1- 1stst scientific textbook in Anatomy. scientific textbook in Anatomy.• Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope Galileo (1564-1624) – famous matematician- founder of telescope
and microscopeand microscope• Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3 Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)- Prof Mathematics (U. Cambridge)- 3
laws of motionslaws of motions• Giovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern BiomechanicsGiovanni Borelli - The Father of Modern Biomechanics5. Modern Era:5. Modern Era:• Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the Edward Muybridge – Studied motion of animals especially the
horse.horse.• Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can Archimedes – Law of levels ( Give me a place to stand and I can
move the earthmove the earth
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Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical
and occupational settings and give an example of each.
• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed and those that should be left alone?
• What is the Cartesian measurement system?
• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:
• Sagittal plane
• Transverse plane
• Frontal plane
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Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures
• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints
• Planes of motion
• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)
• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8 & 9 (10&11)
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Hip Flexors•psoas major•iliacus •rectus femoris
Hip Extenders•gluteus maximus•adductor magnus (inferior)•hamstrings
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Knee Flexors (hamstrings)•semitendinosus•semimembranosus•biceps femoris (2 heads)Hip Extenders (quadriceps)•rectus femoris •vastus lateralis, medialis & intermedialis
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Ankle Dorsi-Flexion
Ankle Plantar-Flexion
?
?
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
?
?
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Internal Rotation
ShoulderExternal Rotation
?
?
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
?
?
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Journal review: Journal review:
1.1. Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and Tittle: How Can Biomechanics help you to teach and coach? coach?
2.2. Author : Ross SandersAuthor : Ross Sanders
3.3. Year : 1993Year : 1993
4.4. Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and Source: New Zealand Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 26(1)Recreation, Vol. 26(1)
5.5. MethodsMethods
6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions 6. Describe “How”, “What”; and “Why” questions (each in one paragraph)(each in one paragraph)
(1 page A4 size only) (1 page A4 size only)
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Assignment:Please complete questiion 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Submit during your laboratory session
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