2015-8-261 demography of the united states. 2015-8-262 s

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Demography of the United States

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s

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Introduction

• The United States is an urbanized nation, with 80.8 percent of its population of 305,178,872 residing in cities and suburbs as of mid-year 2005.

• The mean population center of the United States has consistently shifted westward and southward, with California and Texas currently the most populous states.

• U.S. population growth is among the highest in the developed countries, although its annual rate of 0.88% is below the world average annual rate of 1.16%.

• The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2008 is 2.1.

• Children (people under age 18) made up one-fourth of the US population (24.6%), and people over age 65 one-eighth (12.4%) in 2006.

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Historical population risesHistorical populations

Census Pop. %±1790 3,929,214 —1800 5,236,631 33.3%1810 7,239,881 38.3%1820 9,638,453 33.1%1830 12,866,020 33.5%1840 17,069,453 32.7%1850 23,191,876 35.9%1860 31,443,321 35.6%1870 38,558,371 22.6%1880 49,371,340 28%1890 62,979,766 27.6%1900 76,212,168 21%1910 92,228,496 21%1920 106,021,537 15%1930 123,202,624 16.2%1940 132,164,569 7.3%1950 151,325,798 14.5%1960 179,323,175 18.5%1970 203,211,926 13.3%1980 226,545,805 11.5%1990 248,709,873 9.8%2000 281,421,906 13.2%June 28, 2008 304,455,000

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Historical population rises

• 304,455,000 June 28, 2008• 100 million: around 1915;• 200 million: in 1967• 300 million: in 2006• 1.3 percent a year — from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in

2000.• Germany, Russia, Italy and Greece, whose fertility rates are below

replacement.• Population growth is fastest among minorities (2005), 45% of

American children under the age of 5 are minorities. • In 2007, the nation’s minority population reached 102.5 million. A

year before, the minority population totaled 100.7 million.• Hispanic and Latino Americans accounted for almost half (1.4

million) of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.

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Leading population centers

Rank Core city State Pop.1. New York City New York 8,250,5672. Los Angeles California 3,849,3783. Chicago Illinois 2,833,3214. Houston Texas 2,169,2485. Phoenix Arizona 1,512,9866. Philadelphia Pennsylvania1,448,3947. San Antonio Texas 1,296,6828. San Diego California 1,256,9519. Dallas Texas 1,232,94010. San Jose California 929,936

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New York City

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New York City

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New York City

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Los Angeles

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Los Angeles

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Los Angeles

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Chicago

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Chicago

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Population density

Rank Country/Region Population Area Density

World (land only) 6,655,452,799 148,940,000 44.69

1. Macau (SAR) 538,100 29.2 18,4282. Monaco 32,671 1.95 16,7543. Singapore 4,588,600 707.1 6,4894. Hong Kong (SAR) 7,040,885 1,099 6,4075. Gibraltar (UK) 27,921 6 4,654

75. PR. China 1,323,324,000 9,596,961 138

180. United States 301,140,000 9,629,091 33.28

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World Population Density

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Population density

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Population Density by state

Rank (2007) State Density (2007) (per km²)

District of Columbia 3,723.371. New Jersey 452.162. Rhode Island 390.783. Massachusetts 317.634. Connecticut 279.115. Maryland 221.946. Delaware 170.877. New York 157.818. Florida 130.679. Ohio 108.1210. Pennsylvania 107.11

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11. California 90.4912. Illinois 89.2813. Hawaii 77.1514. Virginia 75.2015. North Carolina 71.8216. Michigan 68.4617. Indiana 68.3118. Georgia 63.6419. Tennessee 57.6720. New Hampshire 56.65

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21. South Carolina 56.5222. Kentucky 41.2223. Wisconsin 39.8224. Louisiana 38.0525. Washington 37.5326. Texas 35.2527. Alabama 35.21

• U.S. Average 33.2828. Missouri 32.9529. West Virginia 29.0630. Vermont 25.93

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31. Minnesota 25.2132. Mississippi 24.0333. Arizona 21.5434. Arkansas 21.0235. Iowa 20.6536. Oklahoma 20.3437. Colorado 18.1038. Maine 16.4839. Oregon 15.0740. Kansas 13.10

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41. Utah 12.4342. Nevada 9.0243. Nebraska 8.9144. Idaho 7.0045. New Mexico 6.2746. South Dakota 4.0547. North Dakota 3.5848. Montana 2.5149. Wyoming 2.0850. Alaska 0.46

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Population movement

• In 2000 almost two-thirds of the U.S. population lived in states along the three major coasts—38% along the Atlantic Ocean, 16% along the Pacific Ocean, and 12% along the Gulf of Mexico.

• The smallest numbers lived in the area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, particularly in the central and northern Great Plains.

• Americans are highly mobile and move an average of 11 to 13 times in their lives.

• At the beginning of the 21st century the fastest-growing areas were in the Southeast, especially Georgia, the Carolinas, and Florida

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Three Coasts

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Fast growing states

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Population movement

• Since World War II, people have moved to the Southeast, Southwest, and West Coast (Sun Belt):

• Reasons:1) The economies of these areas were growing. The South and California, in particular, received a disproportionate share of military and government spending during the Cold War. These expenditures created many jobs. A relatively cheap, nonunion labor force in many parts of the South also attracted industry from other parts of the country.2) The increasingly widespread ownership of automobiles made moving to rural areas easier.3) Air conditioning made the South more attractive, as did low housing costs and improved public health conditions.

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Population movement

Sun Belt

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Population movement• The areas around the Great Lakes and in the Northeast, which had

been major manufacturing centers, lost jobs as industries moved overseas or to other parts of the country since the 1950s. This trend accelerated in the 1970s.

• The area around the Great Lakes became known as the Rust Belt because of its closed, deteriorating factories.

• Some of the region’s major 19th-century industrial towns—Detroit, Michigan; Gary, Indiana; Akron, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; Erie, Pennsylvania; and Buffalo, New York—lost significant population.

• The cities that suffered the greatest declines were the ones most dependent on manufacturing.

• Other cities in the Northeast and around the Great Lakes—New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, and Chicago—retained their importance as centers of finance, service, government, education, medicine, culture, and conventions, even though population growth slowed or stopped once the industrial base disappeared.

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Population movement

Rust Belt

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Population movement

• The older cities have a number of problems：• Roads built decades ago cannot easily accommodate today’s

commuter traffic and commercial trucking. • School systems designed to train the next generation for industrial

jobs, which are now disappearing, have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new technology-based occupations.

• Housing, commercial offices, and manufacturing facilities are outmoded, and

• the cost of land and building is relatively high.• In spite of these problems, about one-third of all Americans at the

beginning of the 21st century still lived around the Great Lakes and in Northeastern states, and the corridor stretching from Boston to Washington, D.C., remained the most densely settled part of the United States.

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Population movement

• During the latter part of the 20th century, the largest streams of migrants within the United States were

• from New York to Florida, New Jersey, and California;• from Texas to California;• from California to Washington State, Arizona, Texas, and Oregon;

and• from New Jersey to Florida and Pennsylvania.

• These streams were not one-way: • About 20 percent of these people later returned to their original

states, so that many states are losing some people and gaining others. In the 1990s a third of Americans lived in a different state than the one in which they were born, up from a quarter of the population in the late 19th century. Others moved within states.

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Races and ethnicity

• The United States is a diverse country racially and ethnically.

• White Americans are the racial majority and are spread throughout the country;

• racial minorities, composing one fourth of the population, are concentrated in coastal and metropolitan areas.

• Just because the United States is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, it has long been known as a “melting pot”.

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Races and ethnicity

• non-Hispanic White Americans (68%)• ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, North Africa,

and the Middle East• by way of other countries and regions (for example:

Australia, Latin America, South Africa)• Most White Americans are European American,

descendants of immigrants who arrived since the establishment of the first colonies.

• Non-Hispanic Whites, however, are the majority in forty-six states, with Hawaii, New Mexico, California, and Texas, as well as the District of Columbia, as the exceptions. The latter five have “minority majorities”, i.e. minority groups are a majority of their populations.

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Races and ethnicity

• Americans of Hispanic origin do not form a race but an ancestral group known as “Hispanic or Latino”,

• the largest ancestral minority in the country, composing 14.8% of the population in 2006 and.

• Mexican Americans made up 64% of this number, or 28 million, followed next by Puerto Rican Americans with 4 million.

• Hispanic and Latino Americans may be of any race. Their racial breakdown in 2006 was as follows:

52.3% White; 41.2% “Some other race”; 3.9% Two or more races; 1.4% Black or African American; 0.75% American Indian or Alaska Native; 0.35% Asian; and 0.09% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

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Races and ethnicity

• About 12.4% of the American people are Black or African American, most of whom are primarily descendants of Africans who lived through the Slavery era in the U.S. between 1619 and the 1860s and emancipated during the American Civil War.

• Black Americans are the largest racial minority as opposed to Hispanics and Latinos, who are the largest “ethnic” minority.

• The historical national origin of the majority of Black Americans is untraceable.• Starting in the 1970s, the black population has been bolstered by immigration from

the Caribbean, especially Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, as well as from South America, primarily from Guyana, Brazil, and Colombia. More recently, starting in the 1990s, there has been an influx of African immigrants to the United States, due to the instability in political and economic opportunities in various nations in Africa.

• Historically, most African Americans lived in the Southeast and South Central states of Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas.

• Since World War I there occurred the Great Migration of rural black Americans to the industrial Northeast, urban Midwest and, in a smaller wave, to the West Coast that lasted until 1960.

• Today, most African Americans (56%) live in the Southern US and in urban areas, but are increasingly moving to the suburbs.

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Races and ethnicity

• A third significant minority is the Asian American population, • comprising 13.1 million in 2006, or 4.4% of the U.S. population. • California is home to 4.5 million Asian Americans, whereas 512,000

live in Hawaii, where they compose the plurality at 40% of the islands’ people.

• Asian Americans live across the country, and are also found in large numbers in New York City, Chicago, Boston, Houston, and other urban centers.

• It is by no means a monolithic group. The largest groups are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from the Philippines, China, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, South Korea and Japan.

• While the Asian American population is generally a fairly recent addition to the nation’s ethnic mix, relatively large waves of Chinese, Filipino and Japanese immigration happened in the mid to late 1800s.

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Races and ethnicity

• Multiracial Americans numbered 6.1 million in 2006, or 2.0% of the population.

• They can be any combination of races (White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, “Some other race”) and ethnicities.

• The U.S. has a growing multiracial identity movement. Miscegenation or interracial marriage, most notably between whites and blacks, was deemed immoral and illegal in most states in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. California and the western US had similar laws to prohibit White-Asian American marriages until the 1950s.

• As society and laws change to accept inter-racial marriage, these marriages and their mixed-race children are possibly changing the demographic fabric of America.

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Races and ethnicity

A picture of 1899

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Races and ethnicity

• Indigenous peoples of the Americas, such as American Indians and Inuit, made up 0.8% of the population in 2006, numbering 2.4 million.

• An additional 1.9 million declared part-Native American or American Indian ancestry.

• Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders numbered 426,194 in 2006, or 0.14% of the population.

• Additionally, nearly as many report partial Native Hawaiian ancestry, for a total of 813,474 people of full or part Native Hawaiian ancestry.

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Races and ethnicity

By country of birth

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Races and ethnicity

By ancestry

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Races and ethnicity

• 2008

• Non-Hispanic whites 68%

• Hispanic 15 %

• African Americans 12%

• Asian American 5%

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Languages of the United States

2000 census1. English 215million 82.10%2. Spanish 28million 10.71%3. Chinese 2.0million 0.61%4. French 1.6million 0.61%5. German 1.4million 0.52%6. Tagalog 1.2million 0.46%7. Vietnamese 1.01million 0.38%8. Italian 1.01million 0.38%9. Korean 890,000 0.34%10. Russian 710,000 0.26%

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No official language at the national levelEnglish: de facto official language

English: official language

Two or more official languages

No official languageEnglish: de facto OL

No official language

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State Language MeaningAlabama Indian “thicket-clearers” or "vegetation-gatherers"Alaska Aleutian "great land“or "that which the seas breaks against"Arizona Indian "hule spring"Arkansas Indian "a breeze near the ground"California French “Califerne” (an imagined place of an 11th-century epicColorado Spanish “ruddy” or "red"Connecticut Indian "beside the long tidal river"Delaware English In honor of Sir Thomas West, Lord De La WarrFlorida Spanish "feast flowers (Easter)"Georgia English In honor of George II of England.Hawaii Hawaiian In honor of Hawaii Loa, the discovererIdaho Indian "gem of the mountains“ or "Good morning"Ilinois Indian "tribe of superior men"Indiana Indian "land of Indians"Iowa Indian "the beautiful land“ or "the sleepy ones"Kansas Indian "people of the south wind"Kentucky Indian "land of tomorrow“ or "the dark or fertile ground"Louisiana French In honor of Louis XIV of FranceMaine English In honor of Queen of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of EnglandMaryland English In honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of EnglandMassachusetts Indian “great mountain place"Michigan Indian "great lake“ or "big water"Minnesota Indian "sky-tinted water"Mississippi Indian "father of waters"Missouri Indian "town of the Large canoes"

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State Language MeaningMontana Spanish ?Nebraska Indian "flat water"Nevada Spanish "snow-capped"New Hampshire English HampshireNew Jersey English the Channel Isle of JerseyNew Mexico Mexican “the country of Mexico”New York English "In honor of the English Duke of York"North Carolina English "In honor of Charles I of England".North Dakota Indian "allies“ or "leagued"Ohio Indian "great river"Oklahoma Indian "red people"Oregon English In honor of Robert Rogers, an English army officerPennsylvania English In honor of Sir William Penn (“Penn's Woodland”)Rhode Island Greek "the Greek Island of Rhodes".South Carolina English In honor of Charles I of EnglandSouth Dakota Indian "allies“ or "leagued"Tennessee Indian "the vines of the big bend"Texas Indian "friends"Utah Indian "people of the mountains"Vermont French “vert mont” ("green mountain“)Virginia English "In honor of Elizabeth I ， Virgin Queen of

England"Washington English In honor of George WashingtonWest Virginia English "In honor of Elizabeth I ， Virgin Queen of England" Wisconsin French ?Wyoming Indian "mountains and valleys alternating"

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South Carolina English In honor of Charles I of EnglandSouth Dakota Indian "allies“ or "leagued"Tennessee Indian "the vines of the big bend"Texas Indian "friends"Utah Indian "people of the mountains"Vermont French “vert mont” ("green mountain“)Virginia English "In honor of Elizabeth I ， Virgin Queen of England"Washington English In honor of George WashingtonWest Virginia English "In honor of Elizabeth I ， Virgin Queen of

England" Wisconsin French ?Wyoming Indian "mountains and valleys alternating"

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Religion and religious belief

Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2001

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Plurality religion by state, 2001

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2001• Total Christians 79.8%

Catholic 25.9%Baptist 17.2%Methodist 7.2%Other Christian 29.5%

• Total other religions 5.2%Jewish 1.4%Muslim 0.6%Buddhist 0.5%Hindu 0.4%

• No Religion 15.0%

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• The variety of religious beliefs in the United States surpasses the nation’s multitude of ethnicities, nationalities, and races, making religion another source of diversity rather than a unifying force.

• This is true even though the vast majority of Americans—83 percent—identify themselves as Christian. One-third of these self-identified Christians are unaffiliated with any church. Moreover, practicing Christians belong to a wide variety of churches that differ on theology, organization, programs, and policies.

• The largest number of Christians in the United States belong to one of the many Protestant denominations—groups that vary widely in their beliefs and practices.

• Roman Catholics constitute the next largest group of American Christians, followed by the Eastern Orthodox.

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• Most Christians in America are Protestant, but hundreds of Protestant denominations and independent congregations exist. Many of the major denominations, such as Baptists, Lutherans, and Methodists, are splintered into separate groups that have different ideas about theology or church organization. Some Protestant religious movements, including Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism, cut across many different Protestant organizations.

• Roman Catholics, the next largest religious group in the United States, are far more unified than Protestants. This is due in part to Roman Catholicism’s hierarchical structure and willingness to allow a degree of debate within its ranks, even while insisting on certain core beliefs.

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• The Eastern Orthodox Church, the third major group of Christian churches, is divided by national origin, with the Greek Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church being the largest of the branches in the United States.

• Judaism is the next largest religion in the United States, with about 2 percent of the population in 2001. It is also divided into branches, with the largest being Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative. Other religions practiced in America include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. Islam is among the fastest-growing religious groups; its members were just about 1 percent of the U.S. population in 2001.

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• Large numbers of Americans do not have a religious view of the world–some 8 percent are nonreligious, secular, or are atheists.

• Adding these to the nonpracticing Christian population means that slightly more than a quarter of the American population is unaffiliated with any church or denomination. This mixture of multiple religious and secular points of view existed from the beginning of European colonization.

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Social classes

Class Typical characteristics

The super-rich (0.9%) Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $350,000; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.

The Rich (5%) Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have

college degrees.Middle class (46%) College educated workers with incomes considerably

above-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.

Working class (40%-45%) Blue collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.

The poor (12%) Those living below the poverty line limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.

Academic Class Models (Leonard Beeghley, 2004)

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Social classes

Education, income and social class

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Social classes

Education, income and social class

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Social classes

Robert Kennedy, Jr.

upper class

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Social classes

Engineers: the upper middle class

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Social classes

Many primary and secondary level teachers:

the middle class

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Social classes

Wait staff at restaurants:

the working class or working poor

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Social classes

The homeless: the poor

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Education in the United States

• 0

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Level/Grade Typical agePreschool Pre-Kindergarten 4-5

Kindergarten 5-61st Grade 6–72nd Grade 7–8

Elementary School 3rd Grade 8–94th Grade 9–105th Grade 10–116th Grade 11–12

Middle School 7th Grade 12–138th Grade 13–149th Grade (senior 1) (Freshman) 14-1510th Grade (senior 2) (Sophomore) 15-16

High school 11th Grade (senior 3) (Junior) 16-1712th Grade (senior 4) (Senior) 17–18Tertiary education (College or University)

Post-secondary education ages varyVocational education ages vary

Graduate educationAdult education

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Postdoctoral Study and Research

Doctor’s Degree Study 7654321

121110987654321K

PKGrade

Professional SchoolsMaster’s Degree Study

Undergraduate Programs

Nursery Schools

SeniorHigh Schools

Combined

Junior Senior

High Schools

Kindergartens

Junior / Community Colleges

Vocational Technical Institutions

4-YearHigh schools

JuniorHigh Schools

Elementary (Primary) Schools

Middle Schools

17161514131211109876543

AgeUS Educational Systems

Ph. D. or Advanced Professional Degree

Master’s Degree

Bachelor’s Degree

Or Certificate

High-School

Diploma

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• Education in the United States is provided mainly by government, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local.

• School attendance is mandatory and nearly universal at the elementary and high school levels.

• At these levels, school curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts.

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• There are no mandatory public pre-kindergarten programs in the United States.

• The federal government funds the preschool program for children of low-income families, but most families are on their own with regard to finding a preschool or childcare.

• In the large cities, there are sometimes upper-class preschools catering to the children of the wealthy who see these schools as the first step toward the Ivy League.

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• Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States,

• the age range for which school attendance is required varies from state to state.

• Some states allow students to leave school between 14-17 with parental permission, before finishing high school;

• other states require students to stay in school until age 18.

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• Most parents send their children to either a public or private institution.

• According to government data, one-tenth of students are enrolled in private schools.

• Approximately 85% of students enter the public schools, largely because they are “free”.

• Most students attend school for around six hours per day, and usually anywhere from 175 to 185 days per year.

• Most schools have a summer break period for about two and half months from June through August. This “summer vacation” allowed students to participate in the harvest period during the summer.

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• Elementary school, also known as grade school or grammar school, is a school of kindergarten through fifth grade (sometimes, the first eight grades or up to fourth grade or sixth grade),

• where basic subjects are taught. • Junior high school is any school intermediate between elementary

school and senior high school. It usually includes seventh and eighth grade, and sometimes sixth or ninth grade.

• In some locations, junior high school includes ninth grade only, allowing students to adjust to a high school environment.

• Middle school is often used instead of junior high school when demographic factors increase the number of younger students.

• Senior high school is a school attended after junior high school. High school is often used instead of senior high school and distinguished from junior high school.

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• Post-secondary education in the United States is known as college or university and commonly consists of four years of study at an institution of higher learning.

• Like high school, the four undergraduate grades are commonly called freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years (alternately called first year, second year, etc.).

• Students traditionally apply to receive admission into college, with varying difficulties of entrance. Schools differ in their competitiveness and reputation;

• generally, the most prestigious schools are private, rather than public. • Admissions criteria involve the rigor and grades earned in high school

courses taken, the students’ grade point average, class ranking, and standardized test scores.

• Most colleges also consider more subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and an interview.

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• Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study, which consists of satisfying university and class requirements to achieve a bachelor’s degree in a field of concentration known as a major.

• The most common method consists of four years of study leading to • a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), • a Bachelor of Science (B.S.), • or sometimes another bachelor’s degree such as Bachelor of Fine

Arts (B.F.A.), • Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.), • Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.,) or • Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) • Five-Year Professional Architecture programs offer the Bachelor of

Architecture Degree (B.Arch.)

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• Some students choose to attend a community college for two years prior to further study at another college or university.

• In most states, community colleges are operated either by a division of the state university or by local special districts subject to guidance from a state agency.

• Community colleges may award Associate of Arts (AA) or Associate of Science (AS) degree after two years.

• Those seeking to continue their education may transfer to a four-year college or university (after applying through a similar admissions process as those applying directly to the four-year institution, see articulation).

• Some community colleges have automatic enrollment agreements with a local four-year college, where the community college provides the first two years of study and the university provides the remaining years of study, sometimes all on one campus.

• The community college awards the associate’s degree, and the university awards the bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

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• Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree and sometimes after several years of professional work, leads to a more advanced degree such as a master’s degree, which could be a Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MS), Master of Business Administration (MBA), or other less common master’s degrees such as Master of Education (MEd), and Master of Fine Arts (MFA).

• After additional years of study and sometimes in conjunction with the completion of a master’s degree, students may earn a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or other doctoral degree, such as Doctor of Arts, Doctor of Education, Doctor of Theology, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Pharmacy, Doctor of Physical Therapy, or Doctor of Jurisprudence.

• Some programs, such as medicine, have formal apprenticeship procedures post-graduation like residency and internship which must be completed after graduation and before one is considered to be fully trained. Other professional programs like law and business have no formal apprenticeship requirements after graduation.

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• Entrance into graduate programs usually depends upon a student’s undergraduate academic performance or professional experience as well as their score on a standardized entrance exam like the Graduate Record Examination, the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), or the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).

• Many graduate and law schools do not require experience after earning a bachelor’s degree to enter their programs;

• however, business school candidates are usually required to gain a few years of professional work experience before applying.

• Only 8.9 percent of students ever receive postgraduate degrees, and most, after obtaining their bachelor’s degree, proceed directly into the workforce.

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• In the year 2000, there were • 76.6 million students enrolled in schools from

kindergarten through graduate schools. • Of these, 72 percent aged 12 to 17 were judged

academically “on track” for their age (enrolled in school at or above grade level).

• Of those enrolled in compulsory education, 5.2 million (10.4 percent) were attending private schools.

• Among the country’s adult population, over 85 percent have completed high school and 27 percent have received a bachelor’s degree or higher.

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• The country has a reading literacy rate at 98% of the population over age 15.

• In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in continuing education is high.

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Top 40 "National Universities" US News & World Report, 2008

Top 40 (US News and World Report, 2008)

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Rank University City State1 Princeton University Princeton New Jersey2 Harvard University Greater Boston Massachusetts3 Yale University New Haven Connecticut4 Stanford University San Francisco Bay Area California5 California Institute of Technology Greater Los Angeles California5 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania7 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Greater Boston Massachusetts8 Duke University Raleigh-Durham North Carolina9 University of Chicago Chicagoland Illinois9 Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire9 Columbia University New York City New York12 Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis Missouri12 Cornell University Ithaca New York14 Northwestern University Chicagoland Illinois14 Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland14 Brown University Providence Rhode Island17 Emory University Atlanta Georgia17 Rice University Houston Texas19 University of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana19 Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee

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Rank University City State21 University of California, Berkeley San Francisco Bay Area California21 Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania23 Georgetown University Washington District of Columbia23 University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia25 University of Michigan Ann Arbor Ann Arbor Michigan26 University of California, Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles California27 University of Southern California Greater Los Angeles California28 Tufts University Greater Boston Massachusetts28 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Raleigh-Durham North Carolina30 Wake Forest University Winston-Salem North Carolina31 Brandeis University Greater Boston Massachusetts31 Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania33 College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia34 New York University New York City New York35 Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia35 Boston College Greater Boston Massachusetts35 University of Rochester Rochester New York38 University of California, San Diego San Diego California38 University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison Wisconsin40 Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio

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National Collegiate Athletic Association

• The Ivy League became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954.

• The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nation's oldest schools.

• The term is most commonly used to refer to eight private institutions of higher education located in the Northeastern United States.

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Institution Location Athletic Nickname Year of foundation

Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Crimson 1636Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Bulldogs 1701University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Quakers 1740Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey Tigers 1746Columbia University New York, New York Lions 1754Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Bears 1764Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Big Green1769Cornell University Ithaca, New York Big Red 1865

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①New Hampshire

②New York

③Massachusetts

④Rhode Island

⑤Connecticut

⑥New Jersey

⑦Pennsylvania

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• All of the Ivy League's institutions place near the top in the U.S. News & World Report college and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment.

• Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865.

• Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution.

• The Ivies are all located in the Northeast geographic region of the United States.

• They are privately owned and controlled, although many of them receive funding in the form of research grants from federal and state governments.

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Homework

• One of US demographic features is diversity, please give some examples.

2015-8-261 demography of the united states. 2015-8-262 s

Documents

us population

world population density

national population

historical population

nations minority population

mean population center

introductionthe united

populous states