2015 criminal law syllabus with annotations

7/21/2019 2015 Criminal Law Syllabus with annotations

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*b Ychpgc vs. 9cbhsk, 9.T. 1h. ;I:; Fkbukr ;I, 77/, k dkttcrc` &h$kb fks dccb `c#jbc` ks k &h$kb &fh js rcpcktc`gsud0cetc` th kb #hrec#ug pfsjekg hr psefhgh+jekg dcfkvjhr d k $kb jb hr`cr th ehcrec fcr th `h sh$ctfjb+ fc &kbts fcr th

`h &jtfhut ehbecrb #hr fcr rj+fts. Dkttcrc` &h$cb jbegu`c &jvcs hr &h$cb jb kb #hr$ h# jbtj$ktc rcgktjhbsfjp &jtf $cb.

?urtfcr$hrc, jb hr`cr th dc egkssj#jc` ks k dkttcrc` &h$kb, tfc ehupgc $ust +h tfrhu+f tfc dkttcrjb+ eegc kt gckst t&jec. Kb

&h$kb $k #jb` fcrscg# jb kb kdusjvc rcgktjhbsfjp &jtf k $kb hbec. *# jt heeurs k scehb` tj$c, kb` sfc rc$kjbs jb tfcsjtuktjhb, sfc js `c#jbc` ks k dkttcrc` &h$kb.

*b hr`cr th dc egkssj#jc` ks k dkttcrc` &h$kb, tfc ehupgc $ust +h tfrhu+f tfc dkttcrjb+ eegc kt gckst t&jec. 3fc usukg trkjts h#

k dkttcrc` &h$kb krc gh& scg#-cstcc$, trk`jtjhbkg dcgjc#s kdhut tfc fh$c, tfc #k$jg kb` tfc #c$kgc scx rhgc= c$htjhbkg`cpcb`cbec uphb tfc `h$jbkbt $kgc= tfc tcb`cbe th keecpt rcsphbsjdjgjt #hr tfc dkttcrcr@s ketjhbs= kb` #kgsc fhpcs tfkt tfcrcgktjhbsfjp &jgg j$prhvc. )pcej#jekgg, tfc dkttcrc` &h$kb sb`rh$c js efkrketcrj<c` d tfc eegc h# vjhgcbec, &fjef fks

tfrcc pfkscs4 (;! tfc tcbsjhb-dujg`jb+ pfksc= (! tfc keutc dkttcrjb+ jbej`cbt= kb` (! tfc trkbujg, ghvjb+ (hr, kt gckst,

bhbvjhgcbt! pfksc.

TK : &cbt #urtfcr d prhvj`jb+ tfkt DL) js k 0ustj#jb+ ejreu$stkbec bht&jtfstkb`jb+ tfkt kb h# tfc cgc$cbts h# scg#-

`c#cbsc js gkemjb+. 3fc c$pfksjs hb bht&jtfstkb`jb+ tfkt kb h# tfc cgc$cbts h# scg#-`c#cbsc js gkemjb+ &ks k``c` prcejscg

th kvhj` jts ehb#usjhb &jtf tfc rugc hb scg#-`c#cbsc ub`cr tfc pcbkg gk&s. 2b`cr TK :, DL) js bht $crcg k $jtj+ktjb+

ejreu$stkbec ub`cr Krtjegc ; h# tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c tfkt fks tfc c##cet h# rc`uejb+ tfc pcbkgt d hbc hr t&h `c+rccs

gh&cr. DL) js k 0ustj#jb+ ejreu$stkbec tfkt kdshgvcs tfc dkttcrc` &h$kb #rh$ erj$jbkg kb` ejvjg gjkdjgjt. Tcp. Ket 1h. :,

J (77/!

d! xc$ptjb+ ejreu$stkbecs

(j! Fuvcbjgc Fustjec kb` Lcg#krc Ket h# 77 (T.K. 1h. ://!= kgsh rc#cr th Efjg` kb` Ahutf Lcg#krc Eh`c (Y.". 7, ks

k$cb`c`! ' tfjs gk& sfkgg ehvcr tfc `j##crcbt stk+cs jbvhgvjb+ efjg`rcb kt rjsm kb` efjg`rcb jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& #rh$

prcvcbtjhb th rcfkdjgjtktjhb kb` rcjbtc+rktjhb.

UCE. ,. Gjdcrkg Ehbstruetjhb hl tfjs Ket. - *b eksc h# `hudt, tfc jbtcrprctktjhb h# kb h# tfc prhvjsjhbs h# tfjs Ket, jbegu`jb+

jts j$pgc$cbtjb+ rugcs kb` rc+ugktjhbs (*TTs!, sfkgg dc ehbstruc` gjdcrkgg jb #kvhr h# tfc efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk&.

(k! "c#jbjtjhb h# efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk&

2b`cr )ce. /(c!, MEfjg` jb Ehb#gjet &jtf tfc %k&M rc#crs th k efjg` &fh js kggc+c` ks, keeusc` h#, hr k`0u`+c` ks, fkvjb+

eh$$jttc` kb h##cbsc ub`cr Yfjgjppjbc gk&s.

(d! jbj$u$ k+c h# erj$jbkg rcsphbsjdjgjt

UCE. /. Ojbjouo Knc hl Erjojbkg Tcsphbsjdjgjty. - K efjg` #j#tccb (;I! ckrs h# k+c hr ub`cr kt tfc tj$c h# tfc eh$$jssjhb

h# tfc h##cbsc sfkgg dc cxc$pt #rh$ erj$jbkg gjkdjgjt. 5h&cvcr, tfc efjg` sfkgg dc sud0cetc` th kb jbtcrvcbtjhb prh+rk$

pursukbt th )cetjhb 7 h# tfjs Ket.



K efjg` kdhvc #j#tccb (;I! ckrs dut dcgh& cj+ftccb (;! ckrs h# k+c sfkgg gjmc&jsc dc cxc$pt #rh$ erj$jbkg gjkdjgjt kb` dc

sud0cetc` th kb jbtcrvcbtjhb prh+rk$, ubgcss fc6sfc fks ketc` &jtf `jsecrb$cbt, jb &fjef eksc, suef efjg` sfkgg dc sud0cetc` th

tfc kpprhprjktc prhecc`jb+s jb keehr`kbec &jtf tfjs Ket.

3fc cxc$ptjhb #rh$ erj$jbkg gjkdjgjt fcrcjb cstkdgjsfc` `hcs bht jbegu`c cxc$ptjhb #rh$ ejvjg gjkdjgjt, &fjef sfkgg dc

cb#hrec` jb keehr`kbec &jtf cxjstjb+ gk&s.

(e! "ctcr$jbktjhb h# k+c

UCE. . @ctcrojbktjhb hlKnc. - 3fc efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& sfkgg cb0h tfc prcsu$ptjhb h# $jbhrjt. 5c6)fc sfkgg cb0h

kgg tfc rj+fts h# k efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& ubtjg fc6sfc js prhvcb th dc cj+ftccb (;! ckrs hg` hr hg`cr. 3fc k+c h# k efjg`

$k dc `ctcr$jbc` #rh$ tfc efjg`Gs djrtf ecrtj#jektc, dkptjs$kg ecrtj#jektc hr kb htfcr pcrtjbcbt `heu$cbts. *b tfc kdscbec h#

tfcsc `heu$cbts, k+c $k dc dksc` hb jb#hr$ktjhb #rh$ tfc efjg` fj$scg#6fcrscg#, tcstj$hbjcs h# htfcr pcrshbs, tfc pfsjekg

kppckrkbec h# tfc efjg` kb` htfcr rcgcvkbt cvj`cbec. *b eksc h# `hudt ks th tfc k+c h# tfc efjg`, jt sfkgg dc rcshgvc` jb fjs6fcr

#kvhr.

Kb pcrshb ehbtcstjb+ tfc k+c h# tfc efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& prjhr th tfc #jgjb+ h# tfc jb#hr$ktjhb jb kb kpprhprjktc

ehurt $k #jgc k eksc jb k su$$kr prhecc`jb+ #hr tfc `ctcr$jbktjhb h# k+c dc#hrc tfc ?k$jg Ehurt &fjef sfkgg `cej`c tfc

eksc &jtfjb t&cbt-#hur (/! fhurs #rh$ rcecjpt h# tfc kpprhprjktc pgck`jb+s h# kgg jbtcrcstc` pkrtjcs.

*# k eksc fks dccb #jjc` k+kjbst tfc efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& kb` js pcb`jb+ jb tfc kpprhprjktc ehurt, tfc pcrshb sfkgg #jgc k

$htjhb th `ctcr$jbc tfc k+c h# tfc efjg` jb tfc sk$c ehurt &fcrc tfc eksc js pcb`jb+. Ycb`jb+ fckrjb+ hb tfc skj` $htjhb,

prhecc`jb+s hb tfc $kjb eksc sfkgg dc suspcb`c`.

*b kgg prhecc`jb+s, gk& cb#hrec$cbt h##jecrs, prhsceuthrs, 0u`+cs kb` htfcr +hvcrb$cbt h##jejkgs ehbecrbc` sfkgg cxcrt kgg

c##hrts kt `ctcr$jbjb+ tfc k+c h# tfc efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk&.

(`! xc$ptjhb #rh$ erj$jbkg gjkdjgjt

(c! 3rckt$cbt h# efjg` dcgh& k+c h# rcsphbsjdjgjt

UCE. 49. Efjg`rcb Dcghw tfc Knc hl Erjojbkg Tcsphbsjdjgjty. - *# jt fks dccb `ctcr$jbc` tfkt tfc efjg` tkmcb jbth eusth` js

#j#tccb (;I! ckrs hg` hr dcgh&, tfc kutfhrjt &fjef &jgg fkvc kb jbjtjkg ehbtket &jtf tfc efjg` fks tfc ùt th j$$c`jktcg

rcgcksc tfc efjg` th tfc eusth` h# fjs6fcr pkrcbts hr +ukr`jkb, hr jb tfc kdscbec tfcrch#, tfc efjg`Gs bckrcst rcgktjvc. )kj`

kutfhrjt sfkgg +jvc bhtjec th tfc ghekg shejkg &cg#krc kb` `cvcghp$cbt h##jecr &fh &jgg `ctcr$jbc tfc kpprhprjktc prh+rk$s jb

ehbsugtktjhb &jtf tfc efjg` kb` th tfc pcrshb fkvjb+ eusth` hvcr tfc efjg`. *# tfc pkrcbts, +ukr`jkbs hr bckrcst rcgktjvcs ekbbht

dc ghektc`, hr j# tfc rc#usc th tkmc eusth`, tfc efjg` $k dc rcgcksc` th kb h# tfc #hggh&jb+4 k ùg rc+jstcrc`

bhb+hvcrb$cbtkg hr rcgj+jhus hr+kbj<ktjhb= k dkrkb+k h##jejkg hr k $c$dcr h# tfc Dkrkb+k Ehubejg #hr tfc Yrhtcetjhb h#

Efjg`rcb (DEYE!= k ghekg shejkg &cg#krc kb` `cvcghp$cbt h##jecr= hr &fcb kb` &fcrc kpprhprjktc, tfc ")L". *# tfc efjg`

rc#crrc` th fcrcjb fks dccb #hub` d tfc %hekg )hejkg Lcg#krc kb` "cvcghp$cbt C##jec th dc kdkb`hbc`, bc+gcetc` hr kdusc`

d fjs pkrcbts, hr jb tfc cvcbt tfkt tfc pkrcbts &jgg bht eh$pg &jtf tfc prcvcbtjhb prh+rk$, tfc prhpcr pctjtjhb #hr jbvhgubtkr

eh$$jt$cbt sfkgg dc #jgc` d tfc ")L" hr tfc %hekg )hejkg Lcg#krc kb` "cvcghp$cbt C##jec pursukbt th Yrcsj`cbtjkg "cercc

1h. 7, htfcr&jsc ,mbh&b ks M3fc Efjg` kb` Ahutf Lcg#krc Eh`cM.

(#! )tktus h##cbscs ub`cr )ce. IO h# T.K. 1h. ://

UCE. 3>. tktus !llcbscs. - Kb ehbùet bht ehbsj`crc` kb h##cbsc hr bht pcbkgj<c` j# eh$$jttc` d kb kùgt sfkgg bht dc

ehbsj`crc` kb h##cbsc kb` sfkgg bht dc pubjsfc` j# eh$$jttc` d k efjg`.

(+! C##cbscs bht kppgjekdgc th efjg`rcb ub`cr )ce. I h# T.K. 1h. ://



UCE. 3". !llcbscs #ht Kppgjekdgc th Efjg`rcb. - Ycrshbs dcgh& cj+ftccb (;! ckrs h# k+c sfkgg dc cxc$pt #rh$ prhsceutjhb

#hr tfc erj$c h# vk+rkbe kb` prhstjtutjhb ub`cr )cetjhb 7 h# tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c, h# $cb`jekbe ub`cr Yrcsj`cbtjkg

"cercc 1h. ;I, kb` sbj##jb+ h# ru+d ub`cr Yrcsj`cbtjkg "cercc 1h. ;;:, suef prhsceutjhb dcjb+ jbehbsjstcbt &jtf tfc

2bjtc` 1ktjhbs Ehbvcbtjhb hb tfc Tj+fts h# tfc Efjg`4 'rh#j c` , 3fkt skj` pcrshbs sfkgg ub`cr+h kpprhprjktc ehubscgjb+ kb`

trckt$cbt prh+rk$.

UCE. 3$. %&coptjhb lrho tfc Kppgjektjhb hl @cktf 'cbkgty. - 3fc prhvjsjhbs h# tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c, ks k$cb`c`,

Tcpudgje Ket 1h. :;I, htfcr&jsc mbh&b ks tfc Eh$prcfcbsjvc "kb+crhus "ru+s Ket h# 77, kb` htfcr spcejkg gk&s

bht&jtfstkb jb+, bh `cktf pcbkgt sfkgg dc j$phsc` uphb efjg`rcb jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk&.

e! jtj+ktjb+ ejreu$stkbecs

<jstjbetjhbs $ctwccb hr jbkry ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbecs kb` prj#jgcnc` ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbecs

(; Ks th tfc bkturc hl tfc ejreuostkbecs

>r`jbkry ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbecs ekb $c hllsct $y knnrk#ktjbn ejreuostkbecs.

'rj#jgcnc ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbec ekb bc#cr $c hllsct $y kby knnrk#ktjbn ejreuostkbec.

( Ks th cllcet

>r`jbkry ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbecs, jl bht hllsct, wjgg hpcrktc th rcùec tfc pcbkgty th tfc ojbjouo pcrjh`, prh#j`c` tfc pcbkgty js k `j#jsj$gc hbc.

'rj#jgcnc ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbecs hpcrktc th rcùec tfc pcbkgty $y hbc hr twh `cnrccs, `cpcb`jbn uphb wfkt tfc

gkw prh#j`cs.

`! K++rkvktjb+ ejreu$stkbecs

(j! 9cbcrje - tfhsc tfkt ekb ncbcrkggy kppgy th kgg erjoc=

(jj! Nukgj#jb+ - wfcb jt js kb jbnrc`jcbt hl tfc erjoc. "fcrclhrc jt js jbegu`c` jb tfc prh#jsjhb hl gkw `cljbjbn tfc erjoc. l jt jsbht sh jbegu`c`, jt js bht *ukgjlyjbn.

js"jb$"jhbs -c"%ccb k++!kvk"jb+ kb` 'kgj*jb+ $j!$'s"kb$cs5

b knnrk#ktjbn ejreuostkbecs !

(; "fc ejreuostkbec ekb $c hllsct $y kb hr`jbkry ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbec=

( 4h bcc` th kggcnc tfjs ejreuostkbec jb tfc jblhroktjhb, ks ghbn ks jt js prh#cb ùrjbn trjkg. l jt js prh#c ùrjbn trjkg,

tfc ehurt whug` ehbsj`cr tfc skoc jb jophsjbn tfc pcbkgty=

(6 t js bht kb jbnrc jcbt hl k erjoc. t hbgy kllcets tfc pcbkgty th $c jophsc` $ut tfc erjoc rcokjbs tfc skoc.

b *ukgjlyjbn ejreuostkbec !

(; "fc ejreuostkbec kllcets tfc bkturc hl tfc erjoc jtscgl suef tfkt tfc hllcb`cr sfkgg $c gjk$gc lhr k ohrc scrjhus erjoc.

"fc ejreuostkbec js ketukggy kb jbnrc`jcbt hl tfc erjoc=

( cjbn kb jbnrc jcbt hl tfc erjoc, jt ekbbht $c hllsct $y kby ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbec=

(6 1ukgjlyjbn ejreuostkbecs th $c kpprcejktc` ks suef oust $c spcejljekggy kggcnc jb tfc ehopgkjbt hr jblhroktjhb. l

bht kggcnc` $ut prh#cb ùrjbn tfc trjkg, jt wjgg $c ehbsj`crc` hbgy ks ncbcrje knnrk#ktjbn ejreuostkbec. l tfjs

fkppcbs, tfcy krc susecptj$gc hl $cjbn hllsct $y k ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbec.



(k! "cercc Eh`j#jb+ tfc %k&s hb *ggc+kg62bgk&#ug Yhsscssjhb, kbu#keturc, "ckgjb+ jb, Keujsjtjhb hr "jsphsjtjhb, h#

?jrckr$s, K$$ubjtjhb hr xpghsjvcs (Y.". ;, ks k$cb`c` d T.K. 1h. :/! ks kb k++rkvktjb+ ejreu$stkbec

)ce. ; h# TK 1h. :/, M*# fh$jej`c hr $ur`cr js eh$$jttc` &jtf tfc usc h# kb ubgjecbsc` #jrckr$, suef usc h# kb ubgjecbsc`

#jrckr$ sfkgg dc ehbsj`crc` ks kb k++rkvktjb+ ejreu$stkbec.

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usc h# tfc k#hrc$cbtjhbc` cxpghsjvcs, `cthbktjhb k+cbts hr jbecb`jkr `cvjecs, &fjef rcsugts jb tfc `cktf h# kb pcrshb hr

pcrshbs, tfc usc h# suef cxpghsjvcs, `cthbktjhb k+cbts hr jbecb`jkr `cvjecs sfkgg dc ehbsj`crc` ks kb k++rkvktjb+

ejreu$stkbec.

(d! 3fc Eh$prcfcbsjvc "kb+crhus "ru+s Ket h# 77 (T.K. 1h. :;I!

(j! Ks k ukgj#jb+ k++rkvktjb+ ejreu$stkbec

Uc$"jhb 43. 1ukgjlyjbn Knnrk#ktjbn jreuostkbecs jb tfc hoojssjhb hl k rjoc $y kb >llcb`cr Sb`cr tfc blgucbec hl

<kbncrhus <runs. ' 1ht&jtfstkb`jb+ tfc prhvjsjhbs h# kb gk& th tfc ehbtrkr, k phsjtjvc #jb`jb+ #hr tfc usc h# `kb+crhus`ru+s sfkgg dc k ukgj#jb+ k++rkvktjb+ ejreu$stkbec jb tfc eh$$jssjhb h# k erj$c d kb h##cb`cr, kb` tfc kppgjektjhb h# tfc

pcbkgt prhvj`c` #hr jb tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c sfkgg dc kppgjekdgc.

(jj! *$$ubjt#rh$prhsceutjhbkb`pubjsf$cbt, ehvcrk+c

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Dcbc#jt Ket h# ;::;, kb pcrshb &fh fks vjhgktc` )cetjhbs O, ;;, ;, ;/, ;I, kb` ;:, Krtjegc ** h# tfjs Ket, &fh vhgubtkrjg

+jvcs jb#hr$ktjhb kdhut kb vjhgktjhb h# )cetjhbs /, I, , , ;7, ;, kb` ;, Krtjegc ** h# tfjs Ket ks &cgg ks kb vjhgktjhb h# tfc

h##cbscs $cbtjhbc` j# eh$$jttc` d k `ru+ sb`jektc, hr kb jb#hr$ktjhb gck`jb+ th tfc &fcrckdhuts, j`cbtjtjcs kb` krrcst h# kgg hr kb h# tfc $c$dcrs tfcrch#= kb` &fh &jggjb+g tcstj#jcs k+kjbst suef pcrshbs ks `cserjdc` kdhvc, sfkgg dc cxc$ptc` #rh$

prhsceutjhb hr pubjsf$cbt #hr tfc h##cbsc &jtf rc#crcbec th &fjef fjs6fcr jb#hr$ktjhb h# tcstj$hb &crc +jvcb, kb` $k pgck`

hr prhvc tfc +jvjb+ h# suef jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb jb dkr h# suef prhsceutjhb4 'rh#j c`, 3fkt tfc #hggh&jb+ ehb`jtjhbs

ehbeur4

(;! 3fc jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb krc bcecsskr #hr tfc ehbvjetjhb h# tfc pcrshbs `cserjdc` kdhvc=

(! )uef jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb krc bht ct jb tfc phsscssjhb h# tfc )tktc=

(! )uef jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb ekb dc ehrrhdhrktc` hb jts $ktcrjkg phjbts=

(/! tfc jb#hr$kbt hr &jtbcss fks bht dccb prcvjhusg ehbvjetc` h# k erj$c jbvhgvjb+ $hrkg turpjtu`c, cxecpt &fcb tfcrc js bh

htfcr `jrcet cvj`cbec kvkjgkdgc #hr tfc )tktc htfcr tfkb tfc jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb h# skj` jb#hr$kbt hr &jtbcss= kb`

(I! 3fc jb#hr$kbt hr &jtbcss sfkgg strjetg kb` #kjtf#ugg eh$pg &jtfhut `cgk, kb ehb`jtjhb hr ub`crtkmjb+, rc`uec` jbth

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tfc h##cbsc &jtf rc#crcbec th &fjef fjs6fcr jb#hr$ktjhb hr tcstj$hb &crc +jvcb4 'rh#j c`, ljbkggy, 3fkt tfcrc js bh `jrcet

cvj`cbec kvkjgkdgc #hr tfc )tktc cxecpt #hr tfc jb#hr$ktjhb kb` tcstj$hb h# tfc skj` jb#hr$kbt hr &jtbcss.



(jjj! jbhr h##cb`crs

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h# k suspcb`c` scbtcbec, sud0cet th tfc #hggh&jb+ ehb`jtjhbs4

(k! 5c6sfc fks bht dccb prcvjhusg ehbvjetc` h# vjhgktjb+ kb prhvjsjhb h# tfjs Ket, hr h# tfc "kb+crhus "ru+s Ket h# ;:O, ks

k$cb`c`= hr h# tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c= hr h# kb spcejkg pcbkg gk&s=

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3fc $kxj$u$ js tfc pcbkgt j$phsc` ks prhvj`c` d gk&, `cpcb`jb+ uphb tfc kttcb`jb+ ejreu$stkbecs. 3fc $jbj$u$ js hbc

`c+rcc bcxt gh&cr th tfc pcbkgt prcserjdc #hr tfc h##cbsc. 3fc gkttcr js `ctcr$jbc` &jtfhut ehbsj crjb+ tfc kttcb`jb+

ejreu$stkbecs th tfc pcbkgt prcserjdc`, kb` js gc#t th tfc `jserctjhb h# tfc ehurt. (Ychpgc v. Aeh, I/I, Fug O, ;:I/!

xk$pgc4 Ehojej`c wjtf hbc ojtjnktjbn ejreuostkbec. 3fc $kxj$u$ pcbkgt prcserjdc` d gk& js Tcegusjhb tc$phrkg.

)jbec tfcrc js hbc $jtj+ktjb+ kb` bh k++rkvktjb+ jt &jgg dc jb tfc $jbj$u$ hr rcegusjhb tc$phrkg $jbj$u$ pcrjh`. Cb tfc

htfcr fkb`, tfc $jbj$u$ js hbc `c+rcc bcxt gh&cr th rcegusjhb tc$phrkg &jtfhut ehbsj`crjb+ tfc $jtj+ktjb+ ejreu$stkbec kb`

tfkt &jgg dc prjsjhb $khr. 3fc rkb+c h# prjsjhb $khr &jgg `cpcb` uphb tfc `jserctjhb h# tfc ehurt. 3fcrc#hrc, tfcjb`ctcr$jbktc pcbkgt js k $jbj$u$ h# prjsjhb $khr (&jtfjb tfc rkb+c #jxc` d tfc ehurt! th k $kxj$u$ h# rcegusjhb

tc$phrkg $jbj$u$ pcrjh`.

. )pcejkg %k&

P)c $h'!" s)kgg scb"cb$c ")c k$$'sc` "h kb jb`c"c!jbk"c scb"cb$c: ")c OKVJO6O PCTO h* %)j$) s)kgg bh" c1$cc`

")c ok&jouo *j1c` - skj` gk% kb` ")c ojbjouo s)kgg bh" -c gcss ")kb ")c OJBJO6O PCTO #!cs$!j-c` - ")c

skc. (N;;, ;::/ Dkr!

xk$pgc4 'cbkgty js hbc yckr th - yckrs. *b`ctcr$jbktc scbtcbec $k dc hbc ckr th ckrs hr ckrs th I ckrs.



(d! Ehvcrk+c

P)js k$" s)kgg bh" k##g "h #c!shbs5

;. hb#jetc` hl hllcbscs pubjsfc` wjtf `cktf hr gjlc joprjshbocbt . (N;, ;::7 Dkr!

. "fhsc ehb#jetc` hl trckshb, ehbspjrkey hr prhphskg th ehoojt trckshb, ojsprjsjhb hl trckshb, rc$cggjhb, sc`jtjhb hr

cspjhbknc, hr pjrkey.

. "fhsc wfh krc fk$jtukg cgjb*ucbts.

Tcej`jvjsts krc cbtjtgc` th kb jb`ctcr$jbktc scbtcbec. (Ychpgc v. Fkrkbjggk, I/O, ?cd. , ;:O/!

/. "fhsc wfh sfkgg fk#c csekpc` lrho ehbljbcocbt hr c#k`c` scbtcbec.

K $jbhr &fh csekpc` #rh$ ehb#jbc$cbt jb tfc rc#hr$kthr js cbtjtgc` th tfc dcbc#jts h# tfc gk& dcekusc ehb#jbc$cbt js

bht ehbsj`crc` j$prjshb$cbt. (Ychpgc v. Ycrc<, // C9 /! (N, ;::; Dkr!

I. "fhsc wfh fk#jbn $ccb nrkbtc` ehb`jtjhbkg pkr`hb $y tfc 'rcsj`cbt sfkgg fk#c #jhgktc` tfc tcros tfcrchl.

. "fhsc wfhsc okxjouo pcrjh` hl joprjshbocbt hcs bht cxecc` hbc yckr. (N, ;::: Dkr!

3fc kppgjektjhb h# &fjef js dksc` uphb tfc pcbkgt ketukgg j$phsc` jb keehr`kbec &jtf gk&. (Ychpgc v. 5j`kg+h, /I,

Fkb. , ;:!

O. "fhsc kgrck`y scr#jbn ljbkg %u`nocbt uphb tfc kpprh#kg hl tfjs Ket (<ceco$cr -, ;:66.

. "fhsc scbtcbec` th tfc pcbkgty hl `cstjcrrh hr suspcbsjhb. (N;, ;::: Dkr!

(e! Ehb`jtjhbs h# pkrhgc

Lfcbcvcr kb prjshbcr &fh sfkgg fkvc scrvc` tfc $jbj$u$ pcbkgt j$phsc` hb fj$, skj` Dhkr` h# *b`ctcr$jbktc )cbtcbec

$k, jb jts `jserctjhb, kb` jb keehr`kbec &jtf tfc rugcs kb` rc+ugktjhbs k`hptc` tfcrcub`cr, kutfhrj<c tfc rcgcksc h# suef

prjshbcr hb pkrhgc.

*# urjb+ tfc pcrjh` h# survcjggkbec, suef pkrhgcc sfkgg sfh& fj$scg# th dc k gk&-kdj`jb+ ejtj<cb kb` sfkgg bht vjhgktc kb h#

tfc gk&s h# tfc Yfjgjppjbcs, tfc Dhkr` $k jssuc k #jbkg ecrtj#jektc h# rcgcksc jb fjs #kvhr. Lfcbcvcr kb prjshbcr rcgcksc hb

pkrhgc sfkgg, `urjb+ tfc pcrjh` h# survcjggkbec, vjhgktc kb h# tfc ehb`jtjhbs h# fjs pkrhgc, tfc Dhkr` $k jssuc kb hr`cr #hr

fjs rc-krrcst kb` sfkgg scrvc tfc rc$kjbjb+ ubcxpjrc` phrtjhb h# tfc $kxj$u$ scbtcbec.

3fc kppgjektjhb h# tfc *b`ctcr$jbktc )cbtcbec %k& js $kb`kthr j# tfc j$prjshb$cbt &hug` cxecc` hbc ckr. *t &hug` dc

#kvhrkdgc th tfc keeusc`. (Ychpgc v. Fu`+c 9cr$kb %cc, Fr., I:, )cpt. ;, ;:/!

(jj! 3frcc-#hg` rugc ' tfjs rugc stktc tfkt tfc $kxj$u$ `urktjhb h# tfc ehbvjet@s scbtcbec sfkgg bht dc $hrc tfkb tfrcc tj$cs tfc

gcb+tf h# tj$c ehrrcsphb`jb+ th tfc $hst scvcrc h# tfc pcbkgtjcs j$phsc` uphb fj$.

(jjj! )udsj`jkr j$prjshb$cbt ' BTY2D%*E KE3 1C. ;7;I:H K1 KE3 K1"*19 KT3*E% : C? KE3 1C. ;I, K)

K1"", C35TL*) 1CL1 K) 35 T>*)" Y1K% EC"

5">4 ;. Krtjegc 6: hl Ket 4h. 68;-, ks kocb`c`, js fcrc$y lurtfcr kocb`c` th rck` ks lhgghwsI



Krt. :. )udsj`jkr Ycbkgt. ' *# tfc ehbvjet fks bh prhpcrt &jtf &fjef th $cct tfc #jbc $cbtjhbc` jb pkrk+rkpf h# tfc bcxt

prcec`jb+ krtjegc, fc sfkgg dc sud0cet th k sudsj`jkr pcrshbkg gjkdjgjt kt tfc rktc h# hbc `k #hr ckef k$hubt cujvkgcbt th tfc

fj+fcst $jbj$u$ &k+c rktc prcvkjgjb+ jb tfc Yfjgjppjbcs kt tfc tj$c h# tfc rcb`jtjhb h# 0u`+$cbt h# ehbvjetjhb d tfc trjkg

ehurt, sud0cet th tfc #hggh&jb+ rugcs4

;. *# tfc prjbejpkg pcbkgt j$phsc` dc prjsjhb ehrrcetjhbkg hr krrcsth kb` #jbc, fc sfkgg rc$kjb ub`cr ehb#jbc$cbt ubtjg fjs #jbc

rc#crrc` jb tfc prcec`jb+ pkrk+rkpf js sktjs#jc`, dut fjs sudsj`jkr j$prjshb$cbt sfkgg bht cxecc` hbc-tfjr` h# tfc tcr$ h# tfc

scbtcbec, kb` jb bh eksc sfkgg jt ehbtjbuc #hr $hrc tfkb hbc ckr, kb` bh #rketjhb hr pkrt h# k `k sfkgg dc ehubtc` k+kjbst tfc

prjshbcr.

. Lfcb tfc prjbejpkg pcbkgt j$phsc` dc hbg k #jbc, tfc sudsj`jkr j$prjshb$cbt sfkgg bht cxecc` sjx $hbtfs, j# tfc eugprjt

sfkgg fkvc dccb prhsceutc` #hr k +rkvc hr gcss +rkvc #cghb, kb` sfkgg bht cxecc` #j#tccb `ks, j# #hr k #j+ft #cghb.

. Lfcb tfc prjbejpkg pcbkgt j$phsc` js fj+fcr tfkb prjsjhb ehrrcetjhbkg, bh sudsj`jkr j$prjshb$cbt sfkgg dc j$phsc` uphb

tfc eugprjt.

/. *# tfc prjbejpkg pcbkgt j$phsc` js bht th dc cxceutc` d ehb#jbc$cbt jb k pcbkg jbstjtutjhb, dut suef pcbkgt js h# #jxc`

ùrktjhb, tfc ehbvjet, ùrjb+ tfc pcrjh` h# tj$c cstkdgjsfc` jb tfc prcec`jb+ rugcs, sfkgg ehbtjbuc th su##cr tfc sk$c

`cprjvktjhbs ks tfhsc h# &fjef tfc prjbejpkg pcbkgt ehbsjsts.

I. 3fc sudsj`jkr pcrshbkg gjkdjgjt &fjef tfc ehbvjet $k fkvc su##crc` d rckshb h# fjs jbshgvcbe sfkgg bht rcgjcvc fj$

#rh$ tfc #jbc jb eksc fjs #jbkbejkg ejreu$stkbecs sfhug` j$prhvc. (Ks k$cb`c` d Tcpudgje Ket 1h. I/I, &fjef gkpsc` jbth

gk& hb Kprjg ;, ;::.!

Lfcb ekb sudsj`jkr pcbkgt dc j$phsc` k+kjbst tfc keeusc`

;. Lfcb tfcrc js k prjbejpkg pcbkgt h# j$prjshb$cbt hr kb htfcr prjbejpkg pcbkgt kb` jt ekrrjcs &jtf jt k #jbc= hr

. Lfcb pcbkgt js hbg k #jbc.

#! xceutjhb kb` scrvjec

(j! Yrhdktjhb %k& (Y.". :, ks k$cb`c`! ' js k `jsphsjtjhb, ub`cr &fjef k `c#cb`kbt k#tcr ehbvjetjhb kb` scbtcbec, js rcgcksc`

sud0cet th tfc ehb`jtjhbs j$phsc` d tfc Ehurt kb` th tfc supcrvjsjhb h# k prhdktjhb h##jecr.

Kb kppgjektjhb #hr prhdktjhb sfkgg dc #jgc` &jtf tfc trjkg ehurt. 3fc #jgjb+ h# tfc kppgjektjhb sfkgg dc `cc$c` k &kjvcr h# tfc

rj+ft th kppckg. Kb hr`cr +rkbtjb+ hr `cbjb+ prhdktjhb sfkgg bht dc kppckgkdgc. 5h&cvcr, kb hutrj+ft `cbjkg d tfc ehurt js kbuggjt ehrrcetjdgc d ecrtjhrkrj. ("c %ubk v. 5hb. c`jbk, EK O C9 I::! Kb keeusc` $ust #kgg &jtfjb kb hbc h# tfc

`jsukgj#jektjhb jb hr`cr th dc `cbjc` prhdktjhb. (Dkggctk v. %cvjstc, : )ETK O;:! (N;, ;::; Dkr!

(k! "c#jbjtjhb h# tcr$s

(d! Yurphsc

P)c #'!#hsc h* ")c gk% k!c5

;. Yrh$htc tfc ehrrcetjhb kb` rcfk$jgjtktjhb d prhvj`jb+ tfc h##cb`cr &jtf jb`jvjùkgj<c` trckt$cbt.

. Yrhvj`c kb hpphrtubjt #hr tfc rclhroktjhb h# kb h##cb`cr &fjef $j+ft dc gcss prhdkdgc j# fc &crc th scrvc k prjshb

scbtcbec.



. Yrcvcbt tfc eh$$jssjhb h# h##cbscs.

(e! 9rkbt h# prhdktjhb, $kbbcr kb` ehb`jtjhbs

Uc$"jhb <. @rkbt hl 'rh$ktjhb. )ud0cet th tfc prhvjsjhbs h# tfjs "cercc, tfc ehurt $k, k#tcr jt sfkgg fkvc ehbvjetc` kb`

scbtcbec` k `c#cb`kbt kb` uphb kppgjektjhb kt kb tj$c h# skj` `c#cb`kbt, suspcb` tfc cxceutjhb h# skj` scbtcbec kb` pgkec tfc

`c#cb`kbt hb prhdktjhb #hr suef pcrjh` kb` uphb suef tcr$s kb` ehb`jtjhbs ks jt $k `cc$ dcst.

Yrhdktjhb $k dc +rkbtc` &fctfcr tfc scbtcbec j$phscs k tcr$ h# j$prjshb$cbt hr k #jbc hbg. Kb kppgjektjhb #hr prhdktjhb

sfkgg dc #jgc` &jtf tfc trjkg ehurt, &jtf bhtjec th tfc kppcggktc ehurt j# kb kppckg fks dccb tkmcb #rh$ tfc scbtcbec h# ehbvjetjhb.

3fc #jgjb+ h# tfc kppgjektjhb sfkgg dc `cc$c` k &kjvcr h# tfc rj+ft th kppckg, hr tfc kuth$ktje &jtf`rk&kg h# k pcb`jb+ kppckg.

Kb hr`cr +rkbtjb+ hr `cbjb+ prhdktjhb sfkgg bht dc kppckgkdgc.

1h kppgjektjhb #hr prhdktjhb sfkgg dc cbtcrtkjbc` hr +rkbtc` j# tfc `c#cb`kbt fks pcr#cetc` kb kppckg #rh$ tfc 0u`+$cbt h#

ehbvjetjhb. (Y" ;::7! *b htfcr &hr`s, tfc #jgjb+ h# tfc kppgjektjhb #hr prhdktjhb js ehbsj`crc` ks k &kjvcr h# tfc rj+ft h# tfc

keeusc` th kppckg. (N:, ;:: Dkr!

(`! Erjtcrjk h# pgkejb+ kb h##cb`cr hb prhdktjhb

Uc$"jhb 0. rjtcrjk lhr 'gkejbn kb >llcb`cr hb 'rh$ktjhb. *b `ctcr$jbjb+ &fctfcr kb h##cb`cr $k dc pgkec` hb prhdktjhb, tfc

ehurt sfkgg ehbsj`cr kgg jb#hr$ktjhb rcgktjvc, th tfc efkrketcr, kbtcec`cbts, cbvjrhb$cbt, $cbtkg kb` pfsjekg ehb`jtjhb h# tfc

h##cb`cr, kb` kvkjgkdgc jbstjtutjhbkg kb` eh$$ubjt rcshurecs. Yrhdktjhb sfkgg dc cbjc` j# tfc ehurt #jb`s tfkt4

(k! tfc h##cb`cr js jb bcc` h# ehrrcetjhbkg trckt$cbt tfkt ekb dc prhvj`c` $hst c##cetjvcg d fjs eh$$jt$cbt th kb

jbstjtutjhb= hr

(d! tfcrc js ubùc rjsm tfkt ùrjb+ tfc pcrjh` h# prhdktjhb tfc h##cb`cr &jgg eh$$jt kbhtfcr erj$c= hr

(e! prhdktjhb &jgg cprcejktc tfc scrjhusbcss h# tfc h##cbsc eh$$jttc`.

(c! "jsukgj#jc` h##cb`crs

P)c `js'kgj*jc` h**cb`c!s k!c5

;. 5cbtcbec` th scr#c k okxjouo tcro hl joprjshbocbt hl ohrc tfkb + yckrs.

K pcbkgt h# sjx ckrs kb` hbc `k js bht cbtjtgc` th tfc dcbc#jts h# tfc gk&. (N, ;::I Dkr= N;, ;::7 Dkr! *b ?rkbejseh

v. EK, / )ETK /, tfc )uprc$c Ehurt fcg` tfkt jb eksc h# hbc `cejsjhb j$phsjb+ $ugtjpgc prjshb tcr$s, tfc thtkgjt h#

tfc prjshb tcr$s sfhug` bht dc tkmcb jbth keehubt #hr tfc purphscs h# `ctcr$jbjb+ tfc cgj+jdjgjt h# tfc keeusc` #hr tfc

prhdktjhb. 3fc gk& uscs tfc &hr` $kxj$u$ tcr$, kb` bht thtkg tcr$. *t js cbhu+f tfkt ckef h# tfc prjshb tcr$ `hcs

bht cxecc` ckrs. 3fc bu$dcr h# h##cbscs js j$$ktcrjkg #hr ks ghb+ ks tfc pcbkgtjcs j$phsc`, &fcb tkmcb jb`jvjùkgg

kb` scpkrktcg, krc &jtfjb tfc prhdktjhbkdgc pcrjh`. (N:, ;::O Dkr!

. hb#jetc` hl kby erjoc knkjbst tfc bktjhbkg sceurjty (trckshb, cspjhbknc, pjrkey, cte. hr tfc pu$gje hr`cr (rc$cggjhb,

sc`jtjhb, `jrcet ksskugt, rcsjstkbec, cte..

. Cfh fk#c $ccb prc#jhusgy ehb#jetc` $y ljbkg %u`nocbt hl kb hllcbsc pubjsfc` $y joprjshbocbt hl bht gcss tfkb hbc

ohbtf kb` hbc `ky kb`3hr k ljbc hl bht gcss tfkb ' )). (N, ;:: Dkr!



/. Cfh fk#c $ccb hbec hb prh$ktjhb.

I. Cfh krc kgrck`y scr#jbn scbtcbec kt tfc tjoc hl tfc cllcetj#jty hl tfc <cercc.

xecpt #hr tfc rckshbs spcej#jc` d tfc gk&, k trjkg ehurt sfhug` bht `cb k pctjtjhb #hr prhdktjhb, cspcejkgg &fcb tfc

prhdktjhb h##jecr fks #kvhrkdg rceh$$cb`c` tfc +rkbt h# prhdktjhb.

(#! Ycrjh` h# prhdktjhb

Uc$"jhb ;<. 'crjh` hl 'rh$ktjhb.

(k! 3fc pcrjh` h# prhdktjhb h# k `c#cb`kbt scbtcbec` th k tcr$ h# j$prjshb$cbt h# bht $hrc tfkb hbc ckr sfkgg bht

cxecc` t&h ckrs, kb` jb kgg htfcr ekscs, skj` pcrjh` sfkgg bht cxecc` sjx ckrs.

(d! Lfcb tfc scbtcbec j$phscs k #jbc hbg kb` tfc h##cb`cr js $k`c th scrvc sudsj`jkr j$prjshb$cbt jb eksc h#

jbshgvcbe, tfc pcrjh` h# prhdktjhb sfkgg bht dc gcss tfkb bhr th dc $hrc tfkb t&jec tfc thtkg bu$dcr h# `ks h# sudsj`jkr

j$prjshb$cbt ks eh$putc` kt tfc rktc cstkdgjsfc`, jb Krtjegc tfjrt-bjbc h# tfc Tcvjsc` Ycbkg Eh`c, ks k$cb`c`.

(+! Krrcst h# prhdktjhbcr

Uc$"jhb ;3. Krrcst hl 'rh$ktjhbcr= 5u$sc*ucbt <jsphsjtjhb. Kt kb tj$c `urjb+ prhdktjhb, tfc ehurt $k jssuc k &krrkbt #hr tfc

krrcst h# k prhdktjhbcr #hr vjhgktjhb h# kb h# tfc ehb`jtjhbs h# prhdktjhb. 3fc prhdktjhbcr, hbec krrcstc` kb` `ctkjbc`, sfkgg

j$$c`jktcg dc drhu+ft dc#hrc tfc ehurt #hr k fckrjb+, &fjef $k dc jb#hr$kg kb` su$$kr, h# tfc vjhgktjhb efkr+c`. 3fc

`c#cb`kbt $k dc k`$jttc` th dkjg pcb`jb+ suef fckrjb+. *b suef k eksc, tfc prhvjsjhbs rc+kr`jb+ rcgcksc hb dkjg h# pcrshbs

efkr+c` &jtf k erj$c sfkgg dc kppgjekdgc th prhdktjhbcrs krrcstc` ub`cr tfjs prhvjsjhb. *# tfc vjhgktjhb js cstkdgjsfc`, tfc ehurt

$k rcvhmc hr ehbtjbuc fjs prhdktjhb kb` $h`j# tfc ehb`jtjhbs tfcrch#. *# rcvhmc`, tfc ehurt sfkgg hr`cr tfc prhdktjhbcr th

scrvc tfc scbtcbec hrj+jbkgg j$phsc`. Kb hr`cr rcvhmjb+ tfc +rkbt h# prhdktjhb hr $h`j#jb+ tfc tcr$s kb` ehb`jtjhbs tfcrch#

sfkgg bht dc kppckgkdgc.

(f! 3cr$jbktjhb h# prhdktjhb= cxecptjhb

Uc$"jhb ;/. "crojbktjhb hl 'rh$ktjhb. K#tcr tfc pcrjh` h# prhdktjhb kb` uphb ehbsj`crktjhb h# tfc rcphrt kb` rceh$$cb`ktjhb

h# tfc prhdktjhb h##jecr, tfc ehurt $k hr`cr tfc #jbkg `jsefkr+c h# tfc prhdktjhbcr uphb #jb`jb+ tfkt fc fks #ug#jggc` tfc tcr$s

kb` ehb`jtjhbs h# fjs prhdktjhb kb` tfcrcuphb tfc eksc js `cc$c` tcr$jbktc`.

3fc #jbkg `jsefkr+c h# tfc prhdktjhbcr sfkgg hpcrktc th rcsthrc th fj$ kgg ejvjg rj+fts ghst hr suspcb` ks k rcsugt h# fjs ehbvjetjhb

kb` th #ugg `jsefkr+c fjs gjkdjgjt #hr kb #jbc j$phsc` ks th tfc h##cbsc #hr &fjef prhdktjhb &ks +rkbtc`.

3fc prhdktjhbcr kb` tfc prhdktjhb h##jecr sfkgg ckef dc #urbjsfc` &jtf k ehp h# suef hr`cr.

(j! 3fc Eh$prcfcbsjvc "kb+crhus "ru+s Ket h# 77 (T.K. 1h. :;I!

(jj! Fuvcbjgc Fustjec kb` Lcg#krc Ket h# 77 (T.K. 1h. ://!= kgsh

rc#cr th Efjg` kb` Ahutf Lcg#krc Eh`c (Y.". 7, ks k$cb`c`!

(k! "c#jbjtjhb h# efjg` jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk& ' )ce / (c! h# TK 1h. ://, MEfjg` jb Ehb#gjet &jtf tfc %k&M rc#crs th k efjg`

&fh js kggc+c` ks, keeusc` h#, hr k`0u`+c` ks, fkvjb+ eh$$jttc` kb h##cbsc ub`cr Yfjgjppjbc gk&s.

(d! xc$ptjhb #rh$ erj$jbkg gjkdjgjt



(e! Fuvcbjgc 0ustjec kb` &cg#krc sstc$ ' )ce. / ($! h# TK 1h. ://, MFuvcbjgc Fustjec kb` Lcg#krc )stc$M rc#crs th k sstc$

`ckgjb+ &jtf efjg`rcb kt rjsm kb` efjg`rcb jb ehb#gjet &jtf tfc gk&, &fjef prhvj`cs efjg`-kpprhprjktc prhecc`jb+s, jbegu`jb+

prh+rk$s kb` scrvjecs #hr prcvcbtjhb, `jvcrsjhb, rcfkdjgjtktjhb, rc-jbtc+rktjhb kb` k#tcrekrc th cbsurc tfcjr bhr$kg +rh&tf kb`

`cvcghp$cbt.

/. Oh`j*j$k"jhb kb` c1"jb$"jhb h* $!jjbkg gjk-jgj"

CVPJBEPJHB H& ETJOJBKG GJKDJGJP=

Kgwkys prh#j`c twh egkssjljektjhbs wfcb kbswcrjbn tfjs *ucstjhb.

rjojbkg gjk$jgjty js thtkggy cxtjbnujsfc` ks lhgghwsI

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scrvjb+ scbtcbec.

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+jvcb d suef pcrshb6s.

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+jvcb d suef pcrshb6s.

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d suef pcrshb6s.

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(;! Ketjb+ ks k prheurcr h# k efjg` prhstjtutc=

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(k! Yubjsfkdgc kets

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2015 criminal law syllabus with annotations

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