2015 ibc essentials - iccsafe.orgmedia.iccsafe.org/annual/2016/2015ibc-essentials-highlights.pdf ·...

2015 IBC Essentials 2016 ICC Annual Conference Education ProgramsKansas City, MO

Copyright 2015 International Code Council 1

2015 IBC Essentials2015 IBC Essentials

Based on the Building Code Essentials, Based on the 2015 International Building Code® (IBC®)

Presenter InstructionsPresenter Instructions

Many slides contain animation

Review of this presentation should be done in the “presentation mode” so that you are aware of the timing and appearance of graphics on the slides

On slides containing animation, you will see one or more dots at the bottom left corner of the slide. For example, there are 6 dots at the bottom of this slide

Each dot represents a “click” which is needed for animation on the slide before the next slide will appear

As an animation occurs, a dot will disappear

When all the dots are gone, the next click will take you to the next slide

2015 IBC Essentials 2



OverviewOverview Instructor Introduction

Exits

Breaks and Schedule

Cell Phones

Student Introductions


DescriptionDescription This seminar focuses on the basic concepts of

the 2015 International Building Code® (IBC®).

Concepts provide a basis for the correct utilization of the code.

A clear understanding of the identified requirements allows the code user to apply the IBC in specific situations and helps to build an understanding of the intent of the code when asked to make a judgment on code compliance.




GoalGoal This seminar is intended to familiarize

participants with construction requirements which are common for most commercial buildings and to provide a basic understanding of the 2015 International Building Code® (IBC®)


ObjectivesObjectives Upon completion, participants will

be better able to: Explain the fundamental provisions

of the 2015 IBC

Identify the intent of the building code

Describe common provisions applicable to the design of commercial buildings




ObjectivesObjectives Upon completion, participants will

be better able to: Comprehend the use of passive and

active fire protection

Identify how life safety and egress issues are addressed in design and construction

Identify how the health and safety of occupants is safeguarded with weather protection and interior environment controls


Code Administration and Enforcement Code Administration and Enforcement

Part I

82015 IBC Essentials



Purpose of Building CodesPurpose of Building Codes Building codes are sets of regulations adopted

by governmental agencies to ensure that buildings are built in a safe manner

People have expectations that when they enter a building they will be safe from inherent dangers caused by natural or man-made disasters

2015 IBC Essentials 9Workbook Page 3

History of Building CodesHistory of Building Codes

In 1994, BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI agreed to develop one model code

Together they formed the International Code Council

The first International Building Code developed by the ICC was published in 2000

10Workbook Page 32015 IBC Essentials



Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards

“Codes” are documents that are adopted by the legal authority in your jurisdiction and: Establish minimum performance requirements

to achieve life safety and property protection Are written in “mandatory” language indicating

what must be done

“Standards” are documents referenced in the codes and indicate how to achieve what must be done

11Workbook Page 16-172015 IBC Essentials

IBC –International Building Code

IBC –International Building Code

Applies to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, removal and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures

Provides safety to life and property from fire and other hazards in the built environment

Provides safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations

References other I-Codes

2015 IBC Essentials 12Workbook



IMC –International Mechanical Code

IMC –International Mechanical Code Applies to the design, installation,

maintenance, alteration and inspection of permanent mechanical systems that are installed within buildings

Covers: Heating

Ventilation

Air-conditioning systems


IGFC –International Fuel Gas Code

IGFC –International Fuel Gas Code Regulates the design, installation,

maintenance, alteration and inspection of appliances that utilize natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gaseous hydrogen systems, and related accessories




IPC –International Plumbing Code

IPC –International Plumbing Code Provides regulations for the design,

installation, alteration and maintenance of plumbing systems

Governs materials, sizing and installation of potable water supply and distribution plumbing fixtures, drain-waste-vent piping(DWV) and storm drainage systems


IECC –International Energy Conservation Code

IECC –International Energy Conservation Code

Regulates energy use in buildings

Provides requirements for insulation R-values and door and window insulation requirements, as well as air infiltration limitations

Applies to all buildings that are either heated or cooled




IFC –International Fire Code

IFC –International Fire Code Provides a reasonable level of life

safety and property protection from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings and structures

Provides regulations for the safety of fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations


IPMC –International Property Maintenance Code

IPMC –International Property Maintenance Code

Provides for the maintenance of existing buildings and properties

Provides minimum requirements for premises, structures, equipment, and facilities

Addresses lighting, ventilation, space, heating, sanitation, life safety, and safety from fire and other hazards and for safe and sanitary maintenance




IEBC –International Existing Building Code

IEBC –International Existing Building Code

Covers the alteration, addition, repair, relocation or change of use of an existing building

3 methods that an owner can choose to show compliance with the codes.

Address work done to historic buildings and how the codes are applied to these buildings without affecting the historical significance and character of the building.


IRC –International Residential Code

IRC –International Residential Code

20

Regulates construction of 1- and 2-family dwellings and townhouse structures

Designed to be a completely stand-alone code for residential construction

Combines all of the regulations for the building, energy, mechanical, fuel gas, plumbing and electrical into one document

Workbook Page 82015 IBC Essentials



IgCC –International Green Construction Code

IgCC –International Green Construction Code

Intended to safeguard the environment, public health, safety and general welfare

Establishes requirements to reduce negative potential impacts on the natural environment

Works to conserve natural resources, materials and energy


ISPSC –International Swimming Pool & Spa Code

ISPSC –International Swimming Pool & Spa Code

Comprehensive swimming pool code

Developed with the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (APSP)

Coordinated with requirements in: International Codes

APSP standards

Establishes minimum regulations for public and residential pools, spas, and hot tubs




Permits –Section 105

Permits –Section 105 A permit is required to build a new building,

remodel a building, or build an addition onto an existing building

Exempt projects: Storage sheds less than 120 square feet

Fences not over 7 feet in height

Retaining walls not over 4 feet in height

Painting and wallpaper installation

Playground equipment accessory to 1- and 2-family dwellings

Other minor construction


Submittal Documents –Section 107

Submittal Documents –Section 107 Drawings Site plan

Floor plans

Elevations

Details

Specifications

Manufacturer installation instructions




Plan ReviewPlan Review

The building department reviews plans for compliance with the code and other applicable laws of the jurisdiction

If plans are found in compliance, a permit can be issued for the work

If plans have discrepancies, a plan review report is provided to the applicant

The applicant makes corrections to the plans and resubmits them to the building department for review

Permit is issued when plans are approved


Inspections –Final

Inspections –Final Final inspection is done when the building is

ready for occupancy

Inspectors confirm that all of the work covered by the building permit has been completed according to the plans and applicable code

When the final inspection is approved, the owner receives a Certificate of Occupancy, which allows him or her to use the building




Inspections –Special Inspections

Inspections –Special Inspections

Certain portions of a building require special inspections by a third-party inspection company that has expertise in particular materials and designs

The third-party inspector is hired by the building owner and is responsible for reporting his or her findings to the building department

Third-party inspections are required on materials such as:

Structural concrete

Structural steel

Masonry


Module I – Code Administration and EnforcementModule I – Code Administration and Enforcement

1. T F A building design can never stray from the requirements found in the building code.

2. T F All of the I-Codes work separately and independently of each other.


FalseThe design must meet the intent of the code; alternate

methods approved by the code official are allowed.

FalseThe I-Codes work as a set of codes, each

applying to a specific portion of the construction.



Code Administration and Enforcement PracticeCode Administration and Enforcement Practice

Any questions regarding the practice?


Building PlanningBuilding Planning

Part II




Occupancy ClassificationsOccupancy Classifications

Group A (assembly) – the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation.


OccupancyClassification

Description

A-1Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or motion pictures

A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption

A-3Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation, or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A

A-4Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activitieswith spectator seating

A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities.

Workbook Page 31


Group B (business)



Description

BThe use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for office, professional, or service-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts.

Workbook Page 31




Group E (educational)



Description

EThe use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by six or more persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade and child care facilities.

E Day CareThe use of buildings and structures or portions thereof occupied by more than five children older than 2½ years of age who receive educational, supervision or personal care services for fewer than 24 hours per day.

Workbook Page 31


Group F (factory) – the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that are not classified as a Group H hazardous or Group S storage occupancy



Description

F-1 Factory industrial uses which are not classified as Factory Industrial F-2 Low Hazard

F-2Factory industrial uses that involve the fabrication or manufacturing of noncombustible materials which during finishing, packing, or processing do not involve a significant fire hazard

Workbook Page 31




Group H (high hazard) – the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those allowed in control areas



Description

H-1 Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detonation hazard

H-2Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning

H-3Buildings and structures containing materials that readily support combustion or that pose a physical hazard

H-4 Buildings and structures which contain materials that are health hazards

H-5Semiconductor fabrication facilities and comparable research and development areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM) are used

Workbook Page 31

Workbook Page 328

Occupancy ClassificationsOccupancy Classifications Group I (institutional) – the use of a building or structure, or a

portion thereof, in which care or supervision is provided to persons who are or are not capable of self-preservation without physical assistance or in which persons are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted



Description

I-1Buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised environment and receive custodial care..

I-2Buildings and structures used for medical care on a 24-hour basis for more than five persons who are incapable of self-preservation.

I-3Buildings and structures that are inhabited by more than five persons who are underrestraint or security. An I-3 facility is occupied by persons who are generally incapableof self-preservation due to security measures not under the occupants’ control.

I-4

Buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial carefor less than 24 hours by individuals other than parents or guardians, relatives byblood, marriage, or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person caredfor.




Group M (mercantile)



Description

MBuildings and structures or a portion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public.

Workbook Page 32


Group R (residential) – the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an Institutional Group I or when not regulated by the IBC International Residential Code



Description

R-1Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature

R-2Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature

R-3Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as Group R-1, R-2, R-4, or I

R-4Buildings, structures or portions thereof for more than five but not more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised residential environment and receive custodial care.

Workbook Page 32




Group S (storage) – the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occupancy



Description

S-1 Buildings occupied for storage uses that are not classified as Group S-2

S-2

Buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials such as products on woodpallets or in paper cartons with or without single thickness divisions; or in paperwrappings. Such products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic trim,such as knobs, handles, or film wrapping.

Workbook Page 32


Group U (utility)



Description

U

Buildings and structures of an accessory character and miscellaneous structures notclassified in any specific occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and maintained toconform to the requirements of this code commensurate with the fire and life hazardincidental to their occupancy.

Workbook Page 32



Comparison of Construction TypesComparison of Construction TypesType of

ConstructionSubgroup

CombustibleMaterials

Fire ResistantConstruction

Common Materials

IA No Yes

Steel, concrete, masonry

B No Yes

IIA No Yes

B No No

III

A Yes Yes Concrete & masonry exterior

wallsWood roof and floor systems

B Yes No

IV HT Yes YesLarge dimension

lumber

VA Yes Yes

WoodB Yes No


Building Height Building Height


If area below upper level is not enclosed8,750/30,000 = 0.30Upper level considered a mezzanine

If area below upper level is enclosed8,750/22.500 = 0.39Upper level considered a second story

Workbook Page 43



Multi-use Buildings –Separated Occupancies

Multi-use Buildings –Separated Occupancies Designer’s option

Separation based on Table 508.4

Ratio calculation to determine allowable area


RetailGroup M

RestaurantGroup A-2

OfficeGroup B Retail

Group M

RetailGroup M

StorageGroup S-1

SeparationRequired

No SeparationRequired

Workbook Page 52

Multi-use Buildings –Nonseparated Occupancies

Multi-use Buildings –Nonseparated Occupancies

Most restrictive requirement of each occupancy is applied to entire building Height

Area

Chapter 9 requirements


RetailGroup M

RestaurantGroup A-2

OfficeGroup B Retail

Group M

RetailGroup M

StorageGroup S-1

No Separation Required Between Any Occupancies

Workbook Page 54



Multi-use Buildings –Accessory Occupancies

Multi-use Buildings –Accessory Occupancies Subsidiary occupancy to main use of building

Accessory occupancy <10 percent of floor area/story

Accessory occupancy cannot exceed Table 503


WarehouseGroup S-1

OfficeGroup B

<10%

Workbook Page 55

Multi-use Buildings –Incidental Uses

Multi-use Buildings –Incidental Uses Uses and occupancies within a building which

are incidental to the main operation

Protection is required for incidental accessory occupancies identified in Table 509 Fire-rated construction; or

Fire sprinklers

When the fire sprinkler option is used, the room must be constructed to resist the passage of smoke




High-rise BuildingsHigh-rise Buildings

Smokeproof enclosure for stairways

Smoke detection in elevator lobbies

Standby/emergency power

Fire alarm

Sprinklers

Standpipes


If this dimension >75 feet, building is considered a high-

rise

10’ floor to floor

Lowest Level of Fire Department Vehicle Access

Workbook Page 56

AtriumsAtriums

Fire sprinklers required throughout building

Smoke-control system to provide a safe path of egress

Areas adjacent to the atrium are protected with a minimum of 1-HR fire-resistance-rated walls

2015 IBC Essentials 48Workbook Page 58-59



GaragesGarages

Private garages

Parking garages Enclosed parking garage

Mechanical ventilation

Fire sprinklers required

Open parking garage Natural ventilation

Type I, II or IV construction


Group U<3,000 ft2

Serving residential units

Group S-2Serving public or private

parking use

Repair GaragesRepair Garages

IFC defines a Repair Garage as: “A building, structure, or portion thereof used for

servicing or repairing motor vehicles.”

Mechanical ventilation

Solvents

Vehicle fluids

Type of fuel in vehicle Gasoline, diesel

LPG, natural gas

Hydrogen, electric2015 IBC Essentials 50Workbook Page 60



Live/Work UnitsLive/Work Units

Classified as R-2

Floor area < 3,000 square feet

Non-residential portion < 50 percent of floor area

Commercial portion on 1st floor

< 5 workers or employees


Healthcare OccupanciesHealthcare Occupancies

Classified as Group I occupancies

Code official needs to know Time that people are in the building receiving care.

Level of care that the person is receiving

Whether people are capable of responding to an emergency situation on their own




Ambulatory Health Care FacilitiesAmbulatory Health Care Facilities Facilities that provide medical, surgical,

psychiatric, nursing or similar care on less than a 24 hour basis to individuals who are not capable of self-preservation

Classified as B

Fire sprinklers required

Smoke-protected compartments when >10,000 square feet


Module II – Building PlanningModule II – Building Planning

5. A building with multiple occupancies can be designed using which of the following methods?

A. Accessory occupancies

B. Non-separated mixed use occupancies

C. Separated mixed use occupancies

D. A combination of all of the above


DIBC §508.1



Module II – Building PlanningModule II – Building Planning

6. T F Hazardous materials are only allowed in Group H occupancies?


FalseHazardous materials can be found in nearly

all occupancies, but the quantities are limited. When the quantity of hazardous

materials exceeds the Maximum Allowable Quantity per Control Area, then the occupancy is classified as Group H.

Building Planning PracticeBuilding Planning Practice





Fire SafetyFire Safety

Module III


Spread of Fire and SmokeSpread of Fire and Smoke


Passive Fire ProtectionActive Fire Protection

Fire and smoke spread within a building

Fire and smoke from an adjacent building

Hazards

Protection

Fire sprinklersStandpipesSmoke control systems

Stair enclosuresFire barriersSmoke partitionsFire-rated exterior wallsRoofing materials

Workbook Page 71



Determining Fire-resistanceDetermining Fire-resistance

Fire testing of assemblies and materials

Prescriptive design – Section 721

Fire-resistance rating can be calculated based on specific materials


Protection of the StructureProtection of the Structure Primary structural frame members include: Columns

Beams, girders and trusses directly attached to columns

Floor and roof construction connected directly to columns

Bracing members that are designed to support gravity loads

Secondary members are structural members: Not connected directly to columns

Floor and roof construction not connected to columns

Bracing members not supporting gravity loads




Protection of Structural FrameProtection of Structural Frame

Masonry and concrete walls encase the steel and provide protection

When required to provide a fire-resistance rating, exposed steel must be protected


Spray-applied fireproofing

Workbook Page 77

Fire WallsFire Walls

A fire wall allows for the structure on each side of the wall is considered a separate building

Extends from foundation to >30 inches above the roof (some exceptions)

Must have structural stability Structure on either side can collapse but the fire wall

must remain in place for duration of the fire rating




Fire BarriersFire Barriers

Examples of fire barrier use: Separated mixed-use occupancy

Incidental accessory occupancies

Control areas

Extend from the top of the floor/ceiling assembly to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing above

Construction and structure supporting a fire barrier must have a fire-resistance rating of equal to or better than the fire barrier


Fire PartitionsFire Partitions

Provide separation of: Dwelling units in apartments and condominiums

Guest rooms in hotels

Must extend from the floor assembly to either the floor or roof sheathing above, or a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly




ShaftsShafts

Fire-resistance rating for shafts 1-HR fire-resistance rated shaft

connecting 2 stories or more

2-HR fire-resistance rated shaft connecting more than 4 stories or more

13 exceptions to these requirements

Penetrations of shaft wall must be protected with fire dampers


Ductwork penetrating floor

Workbook Page 83

PenetrationsPenetrations

Pipes, tubing, conduit, and cables passing through fire assemblies are penetrations

Through penetrations Passes through entire assembly

Membrane penetrations Penetrates through one surface




Opening ProtectionOpening Protection

Doors and windows installed in fire-resistance-rated assemblies are required to have a fire protection rating

Fire door assemblies include the door, frame and all associated hardware


FireblockingFireblocking

Fireblocking is used to separate: Concealed openings within a wall

Openings between a wall and floor or attic spaces

Floor levels

The top floor and the attic

Required in wall spaces: Vertically at ceiling and floor

Horizontally at intervals <10 feet




Automatic Fire SprinklersAutomatic Fire Sprinklers

Sprinklers react to heat

Sprinklers apply water directly to the fire area

Sprinklers normally operate independently


Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Where Required

Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Where Required Required based on: Occupancy classification

Use or materials handled

Number of occupants

Size of fire areas

Floor level in the building

Section 903.2 will require sprinklers to be installed in one of the following: Fire area

Floor level, plus all floors to the level of exit discharge

Entire building2015 IBC Essentials 70Workbook Page 90-91



Fire AreasFire Areas

Any floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a building


Every building has at least 1 Fire Area

2 Fire Areas created by horizontal assembly

Horizontal Fire-rated Assembly

4 Fire Areas created by fire walls or fire barriers

Fire Walls orFire Barriers

Workbook Page 90

Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Floors without Openings

Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Floors without Openings




Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Modifications of Code Requirements

Automatic Fire Sprinklers –Modifications of Code Requirements

When fire sprinklers are installed in a building, the IBC gives credit, and allows modifications, for the added protection the system provides

Standards used in the design of sprinkler system NFPA 13

NFPA 13R

NFPA 13D


StandpipesStandpipes

Standpipe Classes Class I – 2½ inch connection for FD

Class II – 1½ inch connection with hose

Class III – combination of both I & II

Standpipe Types Wet standpipe

Dry standpipe

Standpipe system must comply with NFPA 14




Standpipes –Where Required

Standpipes –Where Required In buildings with a floor level: >30 feet above the LLFDVA

>30 feet below the HLFDVA

Covered malls

Stages


Fire Alarm SystemsFire Alarm Systems Alarm activation Manual

Automatic

Required based on Occupancy classification

Occupant load

Floor level

Operations conducted

Materials handled

Fire alarms must comply with NFPA 72




Fire Alarm SystemsFire Alarm Systems

Occupant notification Audible

15 dBA above ambient

Maximum 110 dBA

Visual Public and common areas

Emergency voice/alarm communication system Provide voice instructions


Smoke AlarmsSmoke Alarms

Smoke alarms include the detector, control equipment, and alarm-sounding device in a single unit

Multiple smoke alarms are interconnected so when one device senses smoke, all of the devices sound an alarm

Smoke alarms are required in: R-1 – sleeping areas, egress path and each floor

R-2, R-3, R-4, I-1 – sleeping rooms, common area outside of sleeping rooms and each floor




Smoke Control MethodsSmoke Control Methods

Smoke barriers Restrict the passage of smoke

1-HR fire-resistance rated

Smoke-protected assembly seating

Smoke control system Mall or atrium with 3 levels

Underground buildings

79

Cross corridor doors as part of smoke barrier held in

place with magnetic hold-open device released by

smoke detectors or fire alarm


Carbon Monoxide AlarmsCarbon Monoxide Alarms

Group E, I-1, I-2 and R occupancies must be provided with CO alarms when: The building contains a fuel-burning appliance

The building includes an attached garage

Listed in accordance with UL 2034 AND UL 217

CO alarms must be installed in the following locations: Outside of each separate dwelling-unit sleeping area in the

immediate vicinity of the bedrooms

On every level of a dwelling unit that can be occupied, including basements but excluding attics and crawl spaces




Module III – Fire SafetyModule III – Fire Safety

1. Fire sprinklers may be required based on which of the following criteria?

A. Occupancy classification

B. Use or materials handled

C. Number of occupants

D. Size of fire areas

E. Floor level in the building

F. Any of the above

G. None of the above812015 IBC Essentials

FIBC §903.2

Module III – Fire SafetyModule III – Fire Safety

2. T F A Group I-1 Assisted Living Facility with an attached garage must be equipped with both smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms?


TrueIBC §907.2.11.2 – smoke alarms

IBC §908.7 – CO alarms



Fire Protection Systems PracticeFire Protection Systems Practice



Life SafetyLife Safety

Module IV




Design of Exit SystemDesign of Exit System

Areas with fixed seating Occupant load is based on the number of fixed seats

installed

Benches/pews for sitting or viewing = 18 inches per person

Benches for dining = 24 inches per person

Areas with BOTH fixed seating and non-fixed seating


Number of ExitsNumber of Exits

Additional exits or exit access doorways may be required Occupant load is 501 to 1,000 requires a minimum of

3 exits or exit access doorways

Occupant load exceeds 1,000 requires at least 4 exits or exit access doorways

Each room or space is evaluated

Each floor is evaluated

The building is evaluated




Exit DischargeExit Discharge

The portion of the egress system from the exit to a public way

Must be at grade or provide direct access to grade

Occupants must be able to directly access the public way without obstructions


Kitchen800 ft2

Occupant Load CalculationOccupant Load Calculation

Given: Restaurant with 5,000 square feet of area of tables

and chairs

8 booths 6 feet wide each

800 square feet kitchen

88

Kitchen: 800 ÷ 200 = 4

Dining Area: 5,000 ÷ 15 = 333

Booths: 6’ ÷ 24” = 3/bench3 x 16 = 48

4333

+ 48385




Making it Wide EnoughMaking it Wide Enough

The width of the means of egress doors, corridors, and other egress paths, other than stairways, is calculated by multiplying the occupant load by 0.2 inches

The width of stairs is based on 0.3 inches per occupant

The width must be arranged so that if one of the paths is lost, the total width is not reduced by more than 50 percent

These widths must then be maintained to the public way

Widths can be reduced to 0.2 inches for stairs and 0.15 inches for other locations if the building is equipped with an: Automatic fire sprinkler system

Emergency voice/alarm communication system


Egress Path IdentificationEgress Path Identification

Exit signs are required whenever 2 exits or exit access doors are required Additional floor-level exit signs in

R-1

Illuminated from either an internal or external light source

Egress path must be illuminated Emergency path lighting is

required in areas and buildings that are required to have 2 or more exits




Workbook Page 106

Common Path of Egress TravelCommon Path of Egress TravelWithout sprinkler system

(feet)

Occupancy Occupant load With sprinkler system a

(feet)OL ≤ 30 OL ≥ 30

A, E, M 75 75 75

B 100 75 100

I-1, I-2, I-4 NP NP 75

R-2 NP NP 125

Sb 100 75 75

91Choice of two directions

Common pathof travel

2015 IBC Essentials

NP = Not permitted.a. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in

accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. See Section 903 for occupancies where automatic sprinkler systems are permitted in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2.

b. The length of common path of egress travel distance in a Group S-2 open parking garage shall be not more than 100 feet.

DoorsDoors All doors in an egress system

must be side-swinging

Some exceptions

Doors must provide a minimum clear width of 32 inches measured at 90

Maximum width of a swinging door leaf is 48 inches

Doors serving an occupant load of 50 or more, must swing in the direction of travel

Floor or landing required

92

Door swing in direction of egress

32”min.

48”max.

44”min.

> Door width




Door HardwareDoor Hardware

Readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort

Operated without tight grasping, tight pinching, or twisting of the wrist in areas where people with physical disabilities may be present


Minimum 34”Maximum 48”

Panic HardwarePanic Hardware

Required on doors in: Group H

Group A – 50 or more occupants

Group E - 50 or more occupants




StairwaysStairways Minimum width

36 inches for <50 persons

44 inches for >50 to 146 persons

Number of people multiplied by 0.3 inches

If sprinklers and emergency voice/alarm communication system, minimum width is number of people multiplied by 0.2 inches

95

11”minimum

4” minimum7” maximum

Stair landing

Workbook Page 113-1142015 IBC Essentials

RampsRamps

Slopes are limited to a maximum of 1:12

Ramps not used as a part of the means of egress can slope at 1:8

Width is number of persons multiplied by 0.2inches


Guard

Handrail

Edge Protection

HandrailExtension



AccessibilityAccessibility

IBC has accessibility requirements for buildings

IBC requirements are similar to Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines and the Federal Fair Housing Act

Referenced standard ICC A117.1 – Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

Areas not required to be accessible: Construction sites

Detached 1- and 2-family dwellings

Spaces containing equipment


Accessible Path Into the BuildingAccessible Path Into the Building

Accessible path from points where people arrive to the business Public transportation stops

Accessible parking spaces

Accessible passenger loading zones

Public streets or sidewalks

60 percent of public entrances must be accessible




Accessible Path Through the BuildingAccessible Path Through the Building Accessible route to each portion of the building

from the accessible entrance

Accessible route to other floors Ramps

Maximum slope of 1:12

Elevators Cars must be large enough for a person in a wheelchair and

one additional person

Controls must be placed so that a person in a wheelchair can reach them to operate the elevator


Toilet FacilitiesToilet Facilities

Toilet rooms Must be accessible

Provide an accessible family-use or assisted-use toilet room in Groups A and M

Water closets At least 1 water closet must be

wheelchair accessible




Lavatories and SinksLavatories and Sinks

Minimum of 5 percent of the lavatories must be accessible At least 1 in each toilet

facility

Access must be provided to the lavatory


KitchensKitchens

Commercial kitchens must provide accessible route to approach, enter and exit the kitchen area

Kitchens in break room type areas must provide accessibility throughout

102

Pass-through Kitchens U-Shaped Kitchens




Accessible Means of EgressAccessible Means of Egress

Spaces or buildings requiring only one exit must have one accessible means of egress

Spaces or buildings requiring >2 exits must have 2 accessible means of egress

In buildings >4 stories, an elevator must serve as one of the required accessible means of egress

Accessible means of

103

1-HR Wall with ¾-HR OpeningsInside Building

Outside Building10’10’

48” clear

30” x 48”Wheelchair space(1 space for each

200 occupants)

egress must continue to public way or Area of Assisted Rescue


Areas of RefugeAreas of Refuge

One wheelchair space for every 200 occupants served by the area of refuge Not required in sprinklered buildings

Located in: Stairway enclosure

Elevator lobby

2-way communication required

104

Exit Path

30” x 48”Wheelchair

spaces

48”clearwidth




GuardsGuards

Guards are required along open-sided walking surfaces located more than 30 inches above the floor or grade below

105

Lowest pointwithin 36”

>30”

>42” GuardGuardHandrail

Openings <4”


Safety GlazingSafety Glazing

Laminated glass

Tempered glass

Safety glazing must be labeled

Required locations: Doors

Within 24 inches of doors

Along walking areas and meets size thresholds

106Workbook Page 136-136

16 ft2

9.3 ft2

18 ft2 20 ft2

34

”

6” 12” 24”

Safety glazing required

Not requiredBottom panel

>18” AFF

Not requiredTop of bottom

panel <36” AFFBottom of top

panel >18” AFF

2015 IBC Essentials



Workbook Page 135-136

Safety GlazingSafety Glazing

Required: Tub or shower enclosures

Within 60 inches of pool or spa

Guard or railing on stairway

Within 36 inches of stairway or landing

Within 60 inches of walking surface


Swimming PoolsSwimming Pools Public pool

Enclosed with barrier 48” in height

4” sphere cannot pass through

4” clearance between barrier and grade

Gates close and latch automatically

Suction outlets with entrapment avoidance

Residential pool Enclosed with barrier

48” in height

4” sphere cannot pass through

2” clearance between barrier and grade

Not climbable

Power safety cover in lieu of barrier

Gates Close and latch automatically

Latch >54” above bottom of gate or on pool side of gate and >3” below top of gate

Gates open outward

Suction outlets with entrapment avoidance




Module IV – Life SafetyModule IV – Life Safety

1. In a Group A-2 restaurant with tables and chairs, the occupant load is determined based on a factor of _____ per person.

2. In a Group A-2 restaurant, 2 exit doors are required when the occupant load is _____ or more.


50IBC Table 1015.1; Workbook Table 10-2

15 ft2 netIBC Table 1004.1.2; Workbook Table 10-1

Module IV – Life SafetyModule IV – Life Safety

3. In a non-sprinklered Group B office building with an occupant load of 95, the common path of egress travel is limited to _____ feet.

4. Exit access travel distance is limited to _____ feet in a Group M occupancy equipped with a fire sprinkler system.


250IBC Table 1016.2; Workbook Table 10-3

75IBC §1014.3



Life Safety PracticeLife Safety Practice



Health SafetyHealth Safety

Module V




Keeping the Water OutKeeping the Water Out

Weather-resistant exterior wall envelope Water-resistive barrier

Flashing

Vapor retarder Located between the water-resistive

barrier and the interior of the building

IECC-identified climate zones applied as specified in Class I, II or III vapor retarders

113

Drainage Plane

Flashing


SidingSiding

Many materials available

IBC Table 1405.2 specifies minimum thickness

Masonry Adhered

Anchored

Stucco

114

3 coat stucco

4” above grade or 2” above paving

Weep Screed




RoofingRoofing

Roof covering must meet Chapter 15 and manufacturer’s instructions When there is a conflict, the code requirements take

precedence

Minimum slope is dependent on roof covering chosen

The roof system must drain Roof drains and scuppers are required when the roof

design does not allow for water to drain off the edge of the roof


FlashingFlashing

Flashing must be installed at: Wall and roof intersections

Gutters

Change in roof slope or direction

Around roof openings

Parapets must be properly covered (coped) with noncombustible, weatherproof materials




Low-slope RoofsLow-slope Roofs

Slope can be as low as ¼:12

Roof covering systems Asphalt built-up roof covering

Coal tar pitch built-up roof covering

Modified bitumen

Thermoset single-ply roof covering (EPDM)

Thermoplastic single-ply roof covering (PVC, TPO, CSPE)


Light and VentilationLight and Ventilation

Lighting requirements include the use of natural and artificial light

Ventilation is provided by either natural or mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is designed and installed in accordance with the IMC

Ventilation of attics and crawl spaces is also required




Natural and Artificial LightingNatural and Artificial Lighting

Natural lighting is provided by openings and windows in exterior walls that allow sunshine into the building

Artificial lighting is the electrical-powered lighting provided in a building

If natural lighting is not adequate, artificial can be installed Artificial lighting must provide >10 foot-candles at a

height of 30 inches


Exhaust SystemsExhaust Systems

Exhaust moisture created inside the building Bathrooms that contain bathtubs, spas, and similar

bathing fixtures must be mechanically ventilated

Exhaust contaminants Contaminants in naturally ventilated spaces must be

removed

Flammable and combustible hazards must also be exhausted

In accordance with the IMC and IFC




TemperatureTemperature Interior space intended for

human occupancy must be provided with a space-heating system Can be an active or passive system

Must be capable of maintaining a minimum indoor temperature of 68°F at 3 feet above the floor

The design heating day is the outdoor temperature used to design the heating system Found in International Plumbing

Code (IPC) Appendix D

Location Design Temperature

Minneapolis, MN -12

Chicago, IL -4

Buffalo, NY 6

Kansas City, MO 6

Dallas, TX 22

San Diego, CA 44


Moisture Control in AtticsMoisture Control in Attics

The net free area of attic vents must be at least 1/150 of the area of the attic space Reduced to 1/300 when 40

percent – 50 percent of the ventilation openings are in top 3 feet of attic with the balance of the ventilation openings are provided by eave or cornice vents

Reduced to 1/300 with Class I or II vapor barrier

122

Minimum 1” air spacebetween insulationand sheathing

Minimum 1” air spacebetween insulationand sheathing

AirflowAirflow

Attic Insulation

Attic space = 5,000 ft2

5,000 ÷ 300 = 16.67 ft2 netfree ventilating area required




Under-floor VentilationUnder-floor Ventilation

Ventilation ratio of 1 square feet of opening for 150 square feet of under-floor space

Installation of a Class I vapor retarder reduces ventilation ratio to 1 square feet of opening for 1500 square feet of under-floor space

123

Airflow for cross ventilation

(typical)

Under-floor space = 10,000 ft2

10,000 ÷ 150 = 66.67 ft2

net vent area required

With Class I Vapor Retarder -10,000 ÷ 1500 = 6.67 ft2

net vent area requiredWorkbook Page 1602015 IBC Essentials

Plumbing FacilitiesPlumbing Facilities The occupant load is divided in half to determine the number for

each sex

The number of plumbing facilities based on IBC Table 2902.1

Urinals may be substituted for water closets 67 percent for assembly and educational occupancies

50 percent for other occupancies

Separate facilities must be provided for each sex in most buildings Separate facilities are not required in

Dwelling units in apartment buildings

Sleeping units in hotels

Buildings or tenant spaces that have a total occupant load <15, including employees and customers

Mercantile occupancies that have an occupant load <100




Location of Toilet FacilitiesLocation of Toilet Facilities

Toilet facilities must be provided for: Employees

Public – if the building is generally open to the public

Access to the public toilet facilities Must also be accessible

Cannot pass through kitchens, storage rooms, or closets

Distance to toilet facilities <500 feet Longer distances allowed in factory and industrial

occupancies when approved by the building official


Toilet/Bathing Room FinishesToilet/Bathing Room Finishes

126

Minimum heightof 4’


Smooth, hard,non-absorbent finish

Extends up wall>4”

Privacy partitions



Module V – Health SafetyModule V – Health Safety

1. T F Buildings must be designed with a weather-resistant exterior wall envelope to keep water out of the structure.

2. Minimum roof slope must be _____ .


¼” in 12” (¼:12, 2%)IBC §1015.1

TrueIBC §1403.2

Module V – Health SafetyModule V – Health Safety

3. T F Either natural light or artificial light can be utilized to meet the minimum lighting requirements.

4. T F Attics and under-floor areas must be provided with ventilation at a ratio of 1 ft2 of vent area for every 500 ft2 of area.


False, 1:150 is required with some exceptionsIBC §1203.2 – attics

IBC §1203.3.1 – under-floor areas

TrueIBC §1205.1



Health Safety Health Safety



Structural SafetyStructural Safety

Module VI




Structural DesignStructural Design Buildings are designed according to American

Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standard 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

There are 4 levels of occupancy categories based on the use of the building Category I – agricultural and minor storage

Category II – most common classification

Category III – assemblies with occupant load >300 and hospitals without emergency treatment

Category IV - hospitals with emergency treatment


Basic LoadsBasic Loads

Gravity loads are those loads applied vertically to the structure

Lateral loads are applied in a horizontal manner to the building

Uniform loading means that the load is applied equally across the structural member

A concentrated load is applied in a single location of the member like a column bearing in the middle of a beam

132

Uniform Load

ConcentratedLoad




2015 IBC Essentials

Live LoadsLive Loads Live loads are loads created by the use and occupancy

of the building (Table 1607.1)

133

Occupancy or useUniform

(psf)Concentrated

(lbs.)

Dining Rooms and Restaurants 100 –

Offices 50 2,000

Residential 1- & 2-family dwellings – Sleeping roomsResidential 1- & 2-family dwellings – Other areas

3040

––

Retail – First floorRetail – Upper floors

10075

1,0001,000

Stairs – in 1- & 2-family dwellingsStairs – in all other occupancies

40100

Load on 4 in2 of stair treads is 300 lbs.

Storage warehouses – HeavyStorage warehouses – Light

250125

Roof surfaces subject to maintenance workersOrdinary flat, pitched, and curved roofsRoofs used for roof gardens or assembly purposes

20100

300

Workbook Page 152

Dead LoadsDead Loads Dead loads are the actual weight of the

materials used in construction of the building

They are considered permanent loads because they will always exist in a building

Table C3-1 of ASCE 7

Component Load (psf)

Double wood floor supported on wood joists 16” on center 7

Hardwood flooring, 7/7-in. 4

Linoleum tile 1

Wood stud walls with ½” gypsum board each side 85/8” gypsum board ceiling 9

Asphalt Shingles 2




Snow LoadsSnow Loads

Snow loads are vertical loads

IBC Figure 1608.2

Based on actual snow load data

‘CS’ = case study; the Building Official will determine the snow load

The effect of drifts must be taken into account

135Workbook Page 170 2015 IBC Essentials

Wind LoadsWind Loads

Are typically lateral loads

Create positive and negative pressures

Are based on wind speed

Can be affected by surface roughness and exposure

136

Wind Flow

Separation Bubble

Flat Roof

ELEVATION

Wind FlowLeeward Wall

Windward WallSeparation Bubble

Wall Deflection

Sidewall

PLAN VIEW




Earthquake LoadsEarthquake Loads

Seismic areas are based on the anticipated severity of the design earthquake ground motion at a site

Seismic design categories A , B, C, D, E, F

Seismic design according to ASCE 7

137

Low High


Flood LoadsFlood Loads

There are 2 methods to determine flood hazard areas Areas subject to a >1% chance

of flooding in any year (100 year flood plain)

Areas designated as a flood hazard area on a community’s flood hazard map

FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map




SoilsSoils

Condition and characteristics of soil must be considered

Building official can require a geotechnical investigation Conducted by drilling into the ground, taking samples

or digging test pits

Must evaluate soil strength, bearing capacity, effects of moisture, compressibility, liquefaction and expansiveness


ExcavationExcavation

Proximity to existing structures may require underpinning

Slope of the excavation is controlled so dirt does not fall into the hole Appendix J

1:2 (50 percent slope)




GradingGrading

Positive drainage away from the building 5 percent slope (1:20) to 10 feet from foundation

When 10 feet is not possible, drain to alternate location

141

Minimum 5% slope away (typical)

>10’ fromfoundation wall

2% swale to approved drainage point if <10’between building and property line


GradingGrading

Foundation must be 12 inches plus 2 percent above the street gutter

142

Street GutterElevation

20’


Required Elevation12” + (20’ x 2%)

12” + 0.4’12” + 4.8” = 16.8”

above street gutter



Concrete DurabilityConcrete Durability

There are conditions and elements that affect concrete based on: Exposure to freezing and thawing in a moist condition or deicer

chemicals

Exposure to sulfates in water or soil

Exposure to water where the concrete is intended to have low permeability

Exposure to chlorides from deicing chemicals, salt, saltwater, brackish water, seawater when the concrete has steel reinforcement

The US has been divided into 3 different levels of exposure: negligible, moderate, and severe


FoundationsFoundations

Concrete foundations can be either prescriptively designed or engineered

Buildings located in Seismic Design Categories C, D, E and F must generally be designed by a design professional

The thickness of the concrete foundation wall and the amount of steel reinforcement required are based on this lateral soil load

Soils that have a very high lateral load require an engineered design




Steel ReinforcementSteel Reinforcement

The purpose of steel reinforcement in concrete is to resist any tension, or pulling apart, when a wall is subjected to a lateral load

Rebar is required to meet ACI Standard 318

Vertical and/or horizontal rebar may be required


Masonry ConstructionMasonry Construction

Foundations Thickness of the walls is

determined by the lateral soil load against the foundation

Steel reinforcement is required in masonry foundations

In some cases, the cells of the hollow or solid masonry units must be filled with grout




Masonry MaterialsMasonry Materials

Concrete, clay or shale, stone, and glass All of these materials are bonded together with mortar

Fine grout Comprised of cement, fine aggregate and water

Coarse grout Comprised of cement, pea gravel and water

Steel reinforcing must comply with the same requirements as it does for concrete structures


Quality ControlQuality Control

Special inspections required

Testing of masonry construction Unit strength

Prism test

1482015 IBC Essentials Workbook Page 186



Steel ConstructionSteel Construction

Structural steel is a member consisting of rolled steel structural shape

IBC requires steel construction be done in accordance with the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Standard 360, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings


Protection of SteelProtection of Steel

Steel must be protected with an approved coating to protect the steel from corrosion

If painted steel is scratched or chipped during erection an approved paint or primer should be applied If the steel is going to be protected with sprayed

applied fireproofing, it must be either bare steel or painted with an approved primer

Steel is often left unprimed to ensure a better adhesion of the fireproofing




ConnectionsConnections Two methods are used to connect structural steel

members Welding

Bolting

Both methods require special inspections

Slip-critical joints resist movement by friction on the contact surface of the connection

Pretension joints are high-strength bolts tightened to the specified minimum pretension


Wood ConstructionWood Construction

There are two types of wood construction Conventional light-

frame – primary structural elements are created by a system of repetitive wood framing members

Heavy timber construction – large-dimensioned lumber as structural elements




2015 IBC Essentials

Floor StructureFloor Structure

Sheathing used for the floor structure must also be designed to support the anticipated loads

Common sheathing used is wood structural panels

Thickness of the panel and the panel rating are used to determine its strength

A common panel used for floor sheathing is

¾” panel, 48/24 rated

153

Thicknessof Panel

Maximum span for roof sheathing with all of the

edges supported

Maximum span for floor sheathing with all of the

edges supported

Workbook Page 195

Wall FramingWall Framing

Openings in walls must be provided with headers to support the loads in bearing walls

A single piece of lumber can be substituted for the header if it has the equivalent dimensions




Engineered Wood ProductsEngineered Wood Products

Prefabricated I-joists

Structural Glued-Laminated Timber

Structural Composite Lumber Laminated Veneer

Lumber (LVL)

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)

155

Engineered Wood I-Joist

LVL Beam


TrussesTrusses

Trusses are floor and roof framing members comprised of light-frame materials (2 x 4 and 2 x 6) typically joined together with metal connector plates

The trusses must be installed in accordance with: Submitted truss drawings

Truss Plate Institute’s (TPI) National Design Standards for Metal-Plate-Connected Wood Truss Construction




Gypsum BoardGypsum Board

Gypsum board is a common material used in buildings Provides a smooth interior surface

Can provide passive fire protection

Easy to work with

Various types Type X

Type C

Water-resistant


PlasticsPlastics Foam plastic installed on the interior of a building must

be separated from the interior by a thermal barrier

A thermal barrier is a single layer of ½ inch gypsum wallboard or other equivalent thermal barrier

Thermal barrier must remain in place for 15 minutes based on the reference standard




Module VI – Structural SafetyModule VI – Structural Safety

1. The 1st floor in a Group M retail store must be designed to carry a uniform live load of _____ .

2. T F When designing a building, the snow loads and wind loads are specific to the area where the building will be constructed.


TrueIBC §1608.2 – snow loadsIBC §1609.2 – wind loads

100 pounds/square footIBC Table 1607.1; Workbook Table 15-1

Module VI – Structural SafetyModule VI – Structural Safety

3. The ground must have a minimum slope of _____ for a minimum of _____ perpendicularly away from a building.

4. The exterior foundation of a building must be elevated to a point at least 2% plus _____ above the point of discharge.


12”IBC §1808.7.4

1:20; 10’IBC §1804.3



Structural SafetyStructural Safety



Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers




Final ReflectionFinal Reflection

This slide will help the learner to reflect on the day and what they will take back to the job and apply.

What? What happened and what was observed in the training?

So what? What did you learn? What difference did this training make?

Now what? How will you do things differently back on the job as a result of this training?


164

International Code Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

2015 IBC Essentials



165

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© International Code Council 2015

2015 IBC Essentials

Thank you for participatingThank you for participating

To schedule a seminar, contact:

The ICC Training & Education Department

1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233) Ext. 33818

or

E-mail: [email protected]
