By

Julian Kalac, P.Eng.

PRE-START HEALTH SAFETY REVIEWS

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Julian Kalac, P.EngJune 11, 2014

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Printing press 42 year old operator with 20 years exp. Pinch point – 150psi Distance from pinch point to safety stop◦ 8 feet

No guards in place Operator goes to remove a paper jam……..

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Hospitalized for 1 week Rehabilitation for 4-6 months Severed tendons & nerves Laceration to bone Missing nerves & tendons Loss of sensation Loss of range or motion Finger tips permanently bent

*These are onlyThe physical problems

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Any machine part, function, or process

which may cause injury must be safeguarded

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Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.

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Rotating (including in-running nip points)

Reciprocating Transverse

Cutting Punching Pinching Shearing Bending

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Common rotating mechanisms◦ Collars◦ Couplings◦ Cams◦ Clutches◦ Flywheels◦ Shaft ends◦ Spindles◦ Horizontal/vertical shafting

Dangerous moving parts in these basic areas require safeguarding:

1. Point of operation

2. In running nip points

3. Pinch points

4. Power transmission

5. Other moving parts

Where Dangerous Mechanical Hazards Occur

Safeguarding can be accomplished by either machine

guards or machine devices.

Electrical

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

Mechanical potential energyGravitational potential energy –

Chemical energy

other

Helping Our Customers Be More Successful . . .

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Guards

◦ Fixed

◦ Interlocked

◦ Adjustable

◦ Self-adjusting

Devices Presence sensing

Photoelectrical (optical)

Radio frequency (capacitance)

Electromechanical

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Devices (cont’d)◦ Pullback◦ Restraint◦ Safety controls

Safety trip control

Pressure-sensitive body bar

Safety trip rod

Safety tripwire cable Two-hand control

Two-hand trip

◦ Gates Interlocked

Machines guards are there to protect from exposed hazards

Guarding MUST never be removed unless under supervision and locked out

If a Guard is missing notify your supervisor immediately

Never bi-pass the guarding!

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Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the

machine, preferable to all other types of guards.

Parts rotating in opposite direction

In-running nip point hazards

Rotating and tangentially moving parts

Rotating Parts

Point of contact between

a chain and a sprocket

Examples of 3 Types of Motion

Rotating and fixed parts

Transverse motion

Rotating and tangential motion

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Point of contact Blade not guarded

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Rotating pulley Rotating coupling

Burr

Rotating shaft

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Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to

facilitate a variety of production operations.

Bandsaw blade

adjustable guard

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Provides a barrier which moves according to

the size of the stock entering the danger area.

Circular table saw

self-adjusting guard

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Requires constant, concurrent pressure to activate the machine

The operator’s hands are required to be at a safe location (on control buttons) and at a safe distance from the danger area while the machine completes its closing cycle

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Movable barrier device which protects the operator at the point of operation before the machine cycle can be started

If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function

Gate Open Gate Closed

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When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place.

Guards the dangerous part before the

machine can be operated.

Keeps the guard closed until the dangerous

part is at rest.

Prevent operation of the machine if the

interlocking device fails

May use electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or

pneumatic power or any combination of these.

Should not prevent “inching” by remote

control, if required.

Replacing the guard should not automatically

restart the machine.

All moveable guards must be interlocked to

prevent hazards.

PRE-START HEALTH SAFETY REVIEW

Applicable provisions of Regulation 851 Circumstances

1. Subsections 22 (1), (2) and (4) Flammable liquids are located or dispensed in a building, room or area.

2. Sections 24, 25, 26, 28, 31

and 32

If any of the following are used as protective elements in connection with an apparatus:

1. Safeguarding devices that signal the apparatus to stop, including but not limited to

safety light curtains and screens, area scanning safeguarding systems, radio

frequency systems and capacitance safeguarding systems, safety mat systems, two-

hand control systems, two-hand tripping systems and single or multiple beam

systems.

2. The barrier guards use interlocking mechanical or electrical safeguarding devices.

3. Clause 45 (b) Material, articles or things are placed or stored on a structure that is a rack or stacking

structure.

4. Section 63 A process involves a risk of ignition or explosion that creates a condition of imminent hazard

to a person's health or safety.

5. Section 65 The use of a dust collector involves a risk of ignition or explosion that creates a condition of

imminent hazard to a person's health or safety.

6. Sections 87.3, 87.4, 87.5 and 88,

subsections 90 (1), (2) and (3),

and sections 91, 92, 94, 95,

A factory produces aluminum or steel or is a foundry that melts material or handles molten

material.

7. Sections 51 and 53 The construction, addition, installation or modification that relates to a lifting device,

traveling crane or automobile hoist.

8. Sections 127 and 128 This process uses or produces a substance that may result in the exposure of a worker in

excess of any occupational exposure limits as set out in Regulation 831

Machine guarding5 Steps to…Turning Workplaces Into Safe Places

1. Safety Audit / Risk Assessment

2. PSR (Pre –Start Safety Review)

3. Design And Installation

4. PSR Sign-Off …

5. Training and Documentation

Regulation 851, s. 76 of the OHSA

Where the starting of a machine, transmission machinery, device or thing may endanger the safety of a worker,

(a) Control switches or other control mechanisms shall be locked out; and

(b) Other effective precautions necessary to prevent any starting shall be taken

Safety Equipment

Separating Non-Separating

Fixed Movable MovableLocalizedApproach/person detection

Fence, Barrier,

requires tool

Doors, interlocked

guards

Mechanical, Tactile

Electro Sensitive

Two-Hand Control

Emergency Off

Enabling Device

Safety Mat Safety Edge Safety Bumper

AOPDLight curtain

AOPDDRScanner

PIPDSLight beam

DEFINING TYPE OF GUARDING

Applicable provisions of Regulation 851 Circumstances

1. Subsections 22 (1), (2) and (4) Flammable liquids are located or dispensed in a building, room or area.

2. Sections 24, 25, 26, 28, 31

and 32

If any of the following are used as protective elements in connection with an apparatus:

1. Safeguarding devices that signal the apparatus to stop, including but not limited to

safety light curtains and screens, area scanning safeguarding systems, radio

frequency systems and capacitance safeguarding systems, safety mat systems, two-

hand control systems, two-hand tripping systems and single or multiple beam

systems.

2. The barrier guards use interlocking mechanical or electrical safeguarding devices.

3. Clause 45 (b) Material, articles or things are placed or stored on a structure that is a rack or stacking

structure.

4. Section 63 A process involves a risk of ignition or explosion that creates a condition of imminent hazard

to a person's health or safety.

5. Section 65 The use of a dust collector involves a risk of ignition or explosion that creates a condition of

imminent hazard to a person's health or safety.

6. Sections 87.3, 87.4, 87.5 and 88,

subsections 90 (1), (2) and (3),

and sections 91, 92, 94, 95,

A factory produces aluminum or steel or is a foundry that melts material or handles molten

material.

7. Sections 51 and 53 The construction, addition, installation or modification that relates to a lifting device,

traveling crane or automobile hoist.

8. Sections 127 and 128 This process uses or produces a substance that may result in the exposure of a worker in

excess of any occupational exposure limits as set out in Regulation 831

Step 2--PSR review Report

•A pre-start review is a written report

that details measures taken to ensure that

the construction, addition, modification and

or installation of a new apparatus,

protective element or process is compliant

with current standards before production

begins.

•Pre-Start Health & Safety Review is a report written by a PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER** that details the measures necessary for compliance with applicable sections.

•This is done at the design stage and the report will outline the steps needed for compliance. These steps or measures are to be completed by the employer before any production operation begins.

Safety Equipment

Separating Non-Separating

Fixed Movable MovableLocalizedApproach/person detection

Fence, Barrier, requires

tool

Doors, interlocked guards

Mechanical, Tactile

Electro Sensitive

Two-Hand Control

Emergency Off

Enabling Device

Safety Mat Safety Edge

Safety Bumper

AOPDLight curtain

AOPDDRScanner

PIPDSLight beam

DEFINING TYPE OF GUARDING

BLACK CLAWSON LAMINATOR SHUT DOWN BY MOL

Exposed rotating nip points,

Exposed rotating nip points to be

guarded,

Interlock system Mesh guarding with

light curtains

Secondary E-stop

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Management◦ ensure all machinery is properly guarded

Supervisors◦ train employees on specific guard rules in their areas◦ ensure machine guards remain in place and are

functional◦ immediately correct machine guard deficiencies

Employees◦ do not remove guards unless machine is locked and

tagged◦ report machine guard problems to supervisors

immediately◦ do not operate equipment unless guards are in place

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Why must machines be guarded? What are the machine hazards ? When can you remove a guard? What to do if a guard is missing or damaged?

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Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.

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