2016 aguasan workshop report

AGUASANCommunity of Practice

Implementing the Water Goal -SDG in Practice

Results from the 32nd AGUASAN Workshop

June 26th to July 1st 2016, Spiez, Switzerland

Bern, September 14th 2016

32nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal

Means of Implementation

Country cases

Results

Annex


Background: the AGUASAN Community

• AGUASAN is an interdisciplinary

Swiss Community of Practice (CoP)

that brings together a broad range of

specialists to promote a deeper

understanding of water and sanitation

issues in developing and transition

countries.

• Since 1984, the CoP provides an

exemplary exchange platform and constitutes an essential link to the

innovation and knowledge management strategy of the Swiss Agency for

Development and Cooperation (SDC).

• Besides convening quarterly knowledge sharing events, members of the

AGUASAN CoP organise annual international AGUASAN workshops to

collectively reflect and exchange experiences on cutting-edge topics of the

water sector.

• These workshops build on the broad knowledge of the present participants

to create outputs of practical use for development work and sector

interventions at local, national and global level.

Img. 1: Participants of the 2016 AGUASAN Workshop


Background

About the workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex


About the Workshop and its Participants

• The 32nd AGUASAN workshop was jointly organised by seecon gmbh and

the AGUASAN steering committeeI and addressed the topic “Implementing

the Sustainable Development Goal on Water and Sanitation”.

• The event was joined by 55 participants from 27 countries (1/3 women); 20

of which contributed input presentations on key topics, country cases or

practice examples.

• Most participants represented NGOs, followed by Swiss Development

Cooperation (SDC) Offices and private companies. Government and

Academia had fewer representatives (see Img. 2).


Background

About the workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

Img. 2: Segmentation of participants by target group

NGO

Govt. Org.

Private company

SDC Cooperation Office

Academia

Other (SDC Global Programme Water, SDC-funded

project, INGO)

http://www.seecon.ch/en


Objectives and Expected Outputs

• The overall objective of the workshop was to exchange and

generate knowledge that better prepares water and sanitation

practitioners and policy makers for the implementation of the

Sustainable Development Goal on Water and Sanitation (SDG#6).

• Specifically, the workshop aimed to:

build a common understanding of SDG#6 and its targets, their

interdependencies and their interaction with the Water & Nutrient Cycle

share experiences and build an inventory of possible Means of

Implementation (MoI) for SDG#6 (as proposed by UN Water) including

technical and non-technical approaches

generate recommendations on SDG#6 implementation relevant to the

participants’ scope of action


Background

About the workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

http://www.unwater.org/fileadmin/user_upload/unwater_new/docs/UN-Water MOI compilation_15 July 2015.pdf


Methodology

• Step 1: Clarifying the desired future state on SDG#6 at the international level

Input presentation on water in the 2030 agenda (Kate Medlicott, World Health

Organisation)

Group work: exploring the interdependencies between SDG#6 targets, other goals

and the Water & Nutrient Cycle

• Step 2: Obtaining an overview of different current states on SDG#6 at national

levels

Presentation of country cases (Tanzania, Haiti, Macedonia), serving as mirror to

reflect on possible Means of Implementation for SDG#6

Group work: analysing the different current states and identifying existing

challenges and opportunities

• Step 3: Defining the desired future state at national level and developing draft

country strategies for SDG#6 implementation

Introductory presentation on Means of Implementation (MoI) (Janek Hermann-

Friede, cewas)

Presentation of practical examples of MoI relating to policy & the institutional

framework, finance, technology and multi-stakeholder partnerships

Field trip to Lake Baldegg

Group work: defining the desired future states at national level and outlining

practical strategies for implementation for the country cases


Background

About the workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex


The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda1

• Unlike the Millennium Declaration, the

2030 agenda universally targets all

countries and stakeholders and pledges

that «no one shall be left behind».

• Attention is now focused on practical

implementation, for even the most well-

defined goal will not lead to its desired

impact unless taken up on the policy level

and operationalised on the programme

and project level.

• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was defined in a

historically inclusive process to succeed the Millennium Declaration.

• It encompasses a set of 17 concrete development goals (SDGs) as well as

169 corresponding targets that embrace a wide range of inter-connected

development challenges.

• Formally adopted by the UN in September 2015, the ambitious agenda

sets the development priorities between 2015 and 2030.

Img. 3: Overview of the Sustainable

Development Goals (© Global Envision)


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex

http://www.globalenvision.org/2015/07/27/achieving-sustainable-development-goals-through-partnerships-business


SDG#6: Clean Water and Sanitation2

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and

sanitation for all

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end

open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable

situations

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing

release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and

substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable

withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the

number of people suffering from water scarcity

6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through

transboundary cooperation as appropriate

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands

rivers, aquifers and lakes

6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing

countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting,

desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies

6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communicates in improving water and

sanitation management


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex


Water in the 2030 Agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)

Water and sanitation lie at the heart of the development agenda

• Owing to the influential work of key stakeholdersII, water and

sanitation were placed at the core of the agenda

Dedicated water goal (SDG #6)

Explicit interdependencies with other goals and targets reflecting

• direct implications (e.g. with human health and well-being, ecosystem

resilience)

• conflicting use (e.g. for food, energy, industry)

• interdependent risks (e.g. climate change, migration, famine, epidemics, etc.)

Img.4: Interlinkages of SDGs (© K. Medlicott)

• Due to its cross-cutting nature,

achieving SDG#6 will be essential for

the achievement of many other

SDGs


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex

« Back to methodology »

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/16_Medlicott K. Water and Sanitation in the 2030 Agenda.pdf



SDG#6 – a new paradigm

• From water supply to water management - SDG#6 addresses the entire

water cycle

• Reflects environmental, social and economic aspects

• Promotes an integrated approach

• Seeks to overcome sectoral and regional fragmentation

• Gives equal importance to availability, accessibility and quality

• Moves beyond «improved» towards «safely managed» solutions

• Combines outcome targets (targets 6.1 to 6.3) and targets relating to how

outcomes can be achieved (targets 6.4 to 6.6)

• Will be monitored based on national sector data on 11+1 indicators that will

underpin advocacy, stimulate political commitment / policy dialogue and

inform decision-making on all levels


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex



Box 1: key topics and questions raised during the discussion

• Is country-driven data collection and analysis really feasible given the lack of willingness to

share data, insufficient government engagement and lack of baseline data? Pilot

projects in Jordan, Peru, Senegal, Uganda, Bangladesh and the Netherlands showed

promising results

• Transparency and accountability as well as adequate capacity building at national level

must underpin policy dialogue, data collection and analysis

• Positive message must be sent to the private sector to effectively engage with

governments


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex


DRR & the Water Cycle (Marc-André Bünzli, SHA)III

• Groundwater constitutes 70% of all available water resources

always consider surface and subsurface water stocks in technical

interventions

• All interferences with the Water & Nutrient Cycle (W&N Cycle) have

consequences on the water balance (e.g. artificial storage increase in

evaporation; shortcutting of deep and shallow aquifers unwanted

chemical reactions, etc.)

adequately consider the entire W&N Cycle when engineering solutions

• Soil plays a central role for food security and water cycle balancing

(purification, flood regulation etc.)

put soil management at the centre of all

water-related interventions

• Despite their omnipresence, administrative

boundaries are artificial and bear little

importance for water management issues

use watersheds as basic management

unit Img. 5: Ecosystem functions in watersheds for

flood control (taken from MA Bünzli)


The water goal

Introduction

Water in the 2030

agenda

The water cycle


Country cases

Results

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/18a_Linking IWRM and DRR_Marc Andre Buenzli.pdf


Introduction to MoI (Janek Hermann-Friede, cewas)

Summary: What Means of Implementation

(MoI) does SDG#6 require?

• There is little need for NEW MoI It is all

about discussing existing approaches


The water goal


Introduction

Practice examples

Field trip

Country cases

Results

Annex

• Required: balanced mix of different MoI

• Finance: inadequate water and sanitation services

cause enormous economic losses (up to 10% of

GDP according to WHO estimations) urgent need

for innovative and pro-poor financing mechanisms as well as efforts to increase

willingness and ability to pay

• Policy and institutional framework: widespread “paper reforms“ need for

actual reforms towards adequate and transparent legal and political frameworks

• Multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs): MSPs allow to address shared risks and

interests but must go beyond bridging CSOs and the private sector towards full

vertical and horizontal integration

• Technology and knowledge: level of technology development is promising, but

efforts are required to improve technology transfer

Img. 6: Input on Means of Implementation

of Janek Hermann-Friede


https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/15_Hermann-Friede J. Means of Implementation.pdf


Presented Practice Examples32nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal


Introduction

Practice examples

Field trip

Country cases

Results

Annex

Click on photos for

more information

Urban Water Projects Kyrgyzstan

(Tunzhurbek Kudabaev)

Building water institutions in

Bolivia (Pascal Blunier)

Multi-stakeholder processes

Japan (Binayak Das)

Sustainable O&M for WASH

Systems Uganda (Adam Harvey)

SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile

(Diana Rojas)

IWRM Bangladesh (Akramul

Haque)

Investments for watershed

services Peru (Jan Cassin)FINISH Program India (Kajetan

Hetzer)

Farmer’s Life Kenya

(Obadiah Ngigi)

Water compensation Morocco

(Jose-Luis Carrasco)

Pump for Life Tanzania

(Alphonsina Kanyeto)



Field Trip to Lake Baldegg

• Site-visits to different measures taken to tackle lake eutrophication in Lake

Baldegg following high phosphorus loads from livestock production

• Artificial lake aeration

• Organic farming

• Protecting the lake environment

• A regional development perspective: considering phosphorous as business

case

( more)


The water goal


Introduction

Practice examples

Field trip

Country cases

Results

Annex

Img. 7: AGUASAN workshop participants visiting

the aeration system of Lake Baldegg



Country Cases: Purpose

• Incentive for in-depth country analysis in preparation of the workshop

• Laboratory to compare SDG#6 implementation in different contexts

regarding

• Geographical location

• Level of institutionalization

• State of water and sanitation services

• Level of water stress

• Existing challenges

• Basis to develop draft SDG#6 country strategies that…

… illustrate different ways forward

… serve as basis for further discussions on national level

… aim to raise the importance of SDG#6 on the national development agendas


The water goal


Country cases

Purpose

Overview

Results

Annex

Img. 8: Country case groups working on developing an SDG#6 strategy


Country Cases: Overview

• Macedonia: Landlocked country with advanced

water and sanitation service provision but general

absence of wastewater treatment. Strong political

focus on implementation of EU directives in

aspiration of EU accession ( view

presentation).

• Tanzania: One of the fastest-growing economies

in Africa experiencing on-going sector reforms,

inequitable service distribution (between

geographical locations, along the urban-rural

divide and between social groups) and an

increase in open defecation (OD) in rural areas

( view presentation).

• Haiti: Extreme poverty and high political

instability, lack of financial and human capacities,

weak institutions and largely inexistent water and

sanitation services. Degraded watersheds and

high climatic variability further threaten food

security and livelihoods ( view presentation).Map credits: Ezilon.com


The water goal


Country cases

Purpose

Overview

Results

Annex


https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/14_Dodeva S. Country Case Macedonia.pdf

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/12_Bongertmann T, Schoebiz L. Country Case Tanzania.pdf

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/17_Perez Leon S. Country Case Haiti.pdf


Results


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Inventory of Means of

Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6

SDG#6 and the Water &

Nutrient cycle

Results from the country

cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Inventory of possible Means of Implementation

Extracted from practice examples Extracted from discussions

• Achieving sector reforms by combining

policy dialogue, corporate development of

utilities, stakeholder participation and

physical infrastructure investments (see

Urban Water Project Kyrgyzstan)

• Transitioning best practice projects

(technical or political interventions) into

actual institutions (see Building Water

Institutions in Bolivia)

• Harmonising policies into an incentive-

based regulatory system that promotes 4R-

compliant systems (see IWRM in

Bangladesh)

• Feeding project lessons directly into policy-

and decision-making (see IWRM in

Bangladesh)

• Building independent, inclusive, cross-sectoral

and inter-ministerial commissions, committees

councils or working groups

• Establishing cross-sectoral river basin councils

with consultative (not executive) authority in

IWRM.

• Strengthening local institutional capacities in

management and finance (corporate

development of service utilities)

• Enforcing tariff reforms to achieve cost-recovery

• Implementing demand-led approaches to total

sanitation

• Conducting large-scale public awareness-raising

campaigns

• Conducting evidence-based reviews of existing

policies (e.g. demonstrating the consequences of

“non-sanitation” to governments)

Policy and institutional framework


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex




• Implementing cyclic and face-to-face multi-

stakeholder processes when developing IWRM

plans (see MSPs Japan)

• Promoting sustainable O&M of WASH

infrastructure through Public-Private-Partnerships

(PPP) (see WHAVE Uganda)

• Establishing PPPs to implement the Water

Footprint Concept in large corporations (see

SuizAgua Colombia, Peru, Chile)

• Creating international multi-stakeholder

partnerships to finance safe sanitation systems

along the entire service and value chain (see

FINISH Program India)

• Building international PPPs to compensate for

imported water footprints (see Water

Compensation Morocco)

• Building strategic partnerships between

donors and other WASH stakeholders to

promote sector reforms

• Working through existing global

partnerships (e.g. GWP, SWA, WIN, etc.)

rather than creating new ones

Multi-stakeholder partnerships


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex




• Financing O&M activities through community- and performance-

based infrastructure maintenance systems (see WHAVE

Uganda)

• Redistributing water dues through Water and Sanitation

Committees (see WHAVE Uganda)

• Strengthening private-sector responsibility using the Water

Footprint Concept (see SuizAgua)

• Incentivising 4R-compliant approaches and technologies through

rewards and rebates (see IWRM Bangladesh)

• Financing watershed services through partnership agreements

between downstream funders and upstream implementers (see

Investment in Watershed Services Peru)

• Applying customised financial engineering (see FINISH Program

India)

• Promoting a circular economy approach (see FINISH Program

India)

• Providing eco-loans with decreasing interest rates at increasing

credit limits for watershed services of smallholder farmers (see

Farmer’s Life)

• Combining credit provision & technical advice (see Farmer’s Life)

• Compensating water footprints through Water Benefit Certificates

that are reinvested in local IWRM solutions (see Water

Compensation Morocco)

• Providing subscription-based waterpoint maintenance services

(see Pump for Life)

• ECO-WASH loans that incentivise

IWRM and WASH measures

• Strengthening results-/performance-

based approaches

• Applying basket-funding for results-

based approaches

• Facilitating private sector involvement

through hand-holding between private

investors and SMEs

• Creating community savings

associations

• Implementing the user/polluter-pays-

principle

• Communicating the cost-effectiveness

of green infrastructure

• Using the Water Footprint Concept as

communication tool to engage public

institutions

• Applying context-specific insurance

systems on household basis

Finance


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex




• Implementing hygiene-grading in schools and

communities to generate peer-competition

(see WHAVE Uganda)

• Promoting green infrastructure (e.g. traditional

infiltration ditches, sustainable grazing

management) to complement grey

infrastructure and to valorise traditional

knowledge (see Investment in Watershed

Services)

• Implementing data- and ICT-driven monitoring

of service reliability, customer satisfaction,

and life-cycle costs (see Pump for Life)

• Using mobile-phone payment systems to

enhance payback rates and to reduce the

misuse of (project) funds (see Pump for Life)

• Combining knowledge and technology

(software and hardware) (e.g.

complementing introduction of new

technologies with on-the-job capacity-

building interventions)

• Converging IWRM and WASH: Applying

shitflow diagrams in the IWRM context and

watershed flow diagrams in WASH

• Applying shitflow diagrams on the national

level as a tool of communication

• Integrating the Water & Nutrient Cycle in

school curricula

• Mapping available water resources

• Conducting public multi-stakeholder debates

(on mass media /radio, TV, newspapers etc.

in local language) to explain and justify

SDG#6 strategies

Technology and knowledge


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


How to communicate SDG#6 to policy and decision-makers? Results of a brainstorming session

• “Thirsty voters won’t support you…“

• “No trees no water – If you’re thirsty, plant a tree!“

• “Water for all or violence for all?“

• “With water we can save the future!“

• “Helping nature is helping us!“

• “Lead it up! Water for all“

• “Field to stomach, stomach to field“

• “Water is everybody’s business“

• “No war on renewable resources!“

• “Make water part of yourself“

• “Close the water cycle and you’ll never be thirsty“

• “No business on a dead planet“

• “Let’s be proud to be humans“

• “Thirsty minds take poor decisions“

• “Safe the blue to stay green“

• “Better now, better tomorrow“

• “Water, we can do better“

• “End water poverty“

• “Water is key for richness“

• “Water is life“

• “Vote for water“

• “Make water great again“

Img.9: One of the slogans developed in the ad-hoc

brainstorming session

Slogans for advocating SDG#632nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


SDG#6 and the Water & Nutrient Cycle

Elements of the Water & Nutrient Cycle The Water Cycle The Water & Nutrient Cycle

SDG#6 targets and the W&N Cycle Interdependencies of SDG targets Challenges in the SDG#6 W&N Cycle

MoI in the SDG#6 W&N Cycle


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

Click on thumbnails

to enlarge



SDG#6 and the Water & Nutrient Cycle

Box 2: Issues and questions raised during the «Fish Bowl» on the

W&N Cycle

• The Water & Nutrient Cycle must reflect surface and groundwater.

• When is water purification really needed: for all surface water or only

for domestic use?

• Let’s stop associating recharge and reuse with agriculture only – it has

great potential for industrial and domestic use too.

• The Water & Nutrient Cycle focuses on the technical system the

societal and environmental system must equally be considered.

• Agriculture plays a vital role for the Water & Nutrient Cycle why are

sector responsibles often not part of the discussions on SDG#6?

Box 3: Top 4 conclusions from the Water & Nutrient Cycle group

• Alone the participatory building of the cycle and it’s interactions

with the SDGs is a learning experience.

• There is no «one correct solution» for the Water & Nutrient Cycle.

Different perspectives exist and they are not necessarily congruent.

• Despite its narrow focus on water and sanitation, SDG#6 goes

beyond the W&N Cycle: it affects issues of climate change,

food security, education, health and gender.

• Whenever the social system comes into play, the consequences

on the W&N Cycle must be looked at.

Img.11: the cross-country Water &

Nutrient Cycle group in action

Img.10: Participants following

the discussions during the

«Fish Bowl» on the Water &

Nutrient Cycle


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Macedonia Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Current

state and

existing

challenges

and

opportuni-

ties

Water supply

coverage: rural:

60-80%, urban:

95-100%

High level of

NRW

Aging infra.

Poor O&M

Non-cost

recovering

tariffs

Challenge:

reaching the

remaining 10%

Good starting

point

Abundance of

freshwater

resources

Sanitation

coverage (est.):

rural: 20-60%,

urban: 90%

Aging or

altogether

lacking

infrastructure

Poor O&M

Groundwater

infiltration

Substantial

resources

required for

reaching the

remaining 10%

Good starting

point on

Wastewater

treatment

coverage: 15%

of total

population

Lack of

resources and

political will

Lack of

capacities.

Available $

from the EC

Growing public

awareness

Planning/

construction of

wastewater

treatment

plants

Non-revenue

water: 30-70% for

drinking water

Low water use

efficiency

Lack of

monitoring of

industrial and

agricultural

water use

Reduction of

water losses in a

few urban

centres and

application of

drip irrigation of

apples, grape

and maize

IWRM

implementation

(est.): 20%

Lack of

resources

Inefficient

institutional

setting

Lack of trans-

boundary

cooperation

Institutional

framework in

place / IWRM

plans

developed

Lack of

baseline

data

Lack of

financial

resources

Existing

legal and

institutiona

l

framework

Current

situation

and

concrete

measures

known

Desired

outcome

100% access in

urban and 95% in

rural areas (total

98%)

100% access in

urban and 70%

in rural areas

(total 88%)

70% access to

wastewater

treatment in

urban and rural

areas

Significant

increase in water-

use efficiency for

all uses

100%

implementation

of IWRM plans;

effective treaties

with neighbours

Existing

ecosystems

are restored

and

protected

Strategic

focus

Maintaining the

current level

through

investments in

infrastructure

rehabilitation and

O&M

Capitalising on

synergies with

improvements

for wastewater

treatment

Improving

wastewater

treatment,

building civil

society pressure

Strengthening

management and

monitoring

capacities,

achieving full cost-

recovery, imple-

menting water-

saving

technologies

Financing

implementation

of IWRM plans,

advocacy and

lobbying to

increase

political will for

IWRM

Restoration

of rivers and

wetlands


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/21 Macedonia Draft SDG6 Strategy.pdf


Macedonia Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Means of

Implemen-

tation

Water sector reform at the local level

Improvement of the political and institutional framework

Public utility reform (corporate development,

concentration on core activities)

Enforcement of water tariff reform

Development and implementation of policy on access to

services for vulnerable groups

Financing mechanisms

Performance-based payments and public utilities

contracts

Investment of 826 mio. Euro

Technology and capacity building

Introduction of storm water and wastewater separation

technologies

Dissemination of best practices, procedures and

templates for decentralised systems

Capacity building programs for newly introduced

technologies and systems

Water sector reform at the national level

Improvement of the political and institutional framework

Implementing a clear-cut distribution of responsibilities

between national level and local level

Achieving fiscal decentralisation and long-term budget

planning to direct revenues from water taxes and

charges towards long-term water sector investments

Developing a strategy on river and wetland ecosystems

protection and restoration

Establishing and running river basin councils

Implementing IWRM plans

Financing mechanisms

Facilitating private sector involvement (handholding

between investors and SMEs)

Establishing financing mechanisms for the

implementation of IWRM plans

Providing farmers with access to loans and investments

Technology and capacity building

Introducing water- and energy-saving technologies in

agriculture and large corporations

Flanking measures

Conducting large-scale public awareness-raising campaign to

o increase willingness to pay

o enhance water-use efficiency / rational use of water

Improving monitoring systems on

o Nature and environmental conditions

o Water uses (including industry and agriculture)

o Effectiveness of introduced means of implementation


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/21 Macedonia Draft SDG6 Strategy.pdf


Current

state and

existing

challenges

• MDGs for water supply and sanitation not reached

• Increased open defecation in rural areas

• Lower levels of access for certain groups (especially the poor), including the rural population

• Complex framework that is under on-going revision

• No coordinating body for rural areas

• Lacking or ad-hoc accountability mechanisms at sub-national level

• Inconsistencies and inaccuracies in monitoring and reporting mechanisms.

• Management of funds not always efficient, effective and equitable

• Low levels of domestic investments. However, financing for rural areas increased

• Need for strengthened pro-poor approaches

• By-laws are not consequently enforced

Desired

outcome

• Vision: Healthy lives and environments for future generations

• Target 6.1: Reliable access to sufficient and good quality drinking water, everyday, everywhere for

everyone

• Target 6.2: Access to basic sanitation that works every day, everywhere, for everyone

• Target 6.3: A regulatory framework that addresses polluted sources, treatment and recycling is in place

and enforced

• Target 6.4: Rainwater, groundwater and surface water are cost-effectively used

• Target 6.5: Water is available for everyone and for all purposes. This is achieved through sustainable

management and use of water resources in and between watersheds

Rural Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)32nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/20 Rural Tanzania Draft SDG 6 Strategy.pdf


Rural Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)

Means of

Implemen-

tation

Phase 1: Large-

scale pilots or

proof of concepts

carried out in a

robust manner

and in different

contexts

• A system approach for reliable and accountable service delivery with PPPs and the

inclusion of the consumer voice

• Incentives for good and penalties for bad practices

• A scaled private sector

• Functional multi-stakeholder platforms at national and local level

• Performance-based eco-loans for farmers

• Incentives for good practices; penalties for bad practices

• Integrating the water and nutrient cycle as well as water security in school curricula

• Promotion of drip irrigation and low water use sanitation technologies

Phase 2: Tackling

policy and

political support

• An increase in domestic investments

• Basked-funding used for results-based financing

• Policy dialogue between the government and other stakeholders (including the local

governments)

• Evidence-based reviews of policies

• Development of a joint planning, monitoring and evaluation system (including

government, civil society organisations, private sector, community-based

organisations, and research institutes)

• Capacity development and institutional strengthening at all levels

• Clear, consistent resolution to expand the private sector with an improved legal

framework for PPPs

Phase 3: National

roll-out

• Enforcing policies

• Providing higher rewards for local governments for positive results (performance

based/result-based funding).

• Decentralising function and functionaries in the government

• Strengthening local government, including allocation/provision of financial

resources

• Consistent monitoring

• Establishing and supporting consumer associations

• Expanding the role of the private sector


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/20 Rural Tanzania Draft SDG 6 Strategy.pdf


Urban Tanzania Draft SDG#6 Strategy

Containment Emptying and transport Treatment

Safe re-use of

wastewater/

faecal sludge

Current state

and existing

challenges and

opportunities

• OD-rates stagnated

at 2%. 36% of the

population use

unimproved

sanitation facilities

• There is a need for a

financial scheme to

make WASH more

affordable to

disadvantaged

groups

• Faecal sludge collected by

private emptying and

transport service providers

constitutes 50% from

household and 50% from

non-household sources.

Collected faecal sludge is

not always transported to

treatment facilities and

sometimes dumped into the

environment

• Faecal sludge management

is not regulated

• There is a need for a

financial scheme to make

WASH more affordable to

disadvantaged groups

• Access to wastewater

treatment stagnated

• Generally, poorer areas

are more prone to

unsafely managed

sanitation

• Access to

wastewater

treatment

stagnated

Desired

outcome

OD-free Dar es

Salaam by 2030.

100% of the

population use basic

sanitation facilities at

household level

City-wide coverage through

safe and improved collection

and transport

Safe treatment of

wastewater, in accordance

with the intended end-use

An increasing

amount of

wastewater and

faecal sludge are

safely reused

Means of

Implementation

• Utility reform

• Multi-stakeholder

partnerships

• Establishing

customised financing

instruments

• Promoting container-

based solutions

• Utility reform


partnerships

• Performance-based

loans/contracts for faecal

sludge collection

• Small-scale community-

based fee collection

• Use of ICT

• Utility reform


partnerships

• Public/private funds for

large scale faecal sludge

treatment infrastructure

• Treatment depending on

most profitable end-use

• Utility reform


partnerships

• Marketing

• Minimum

standards


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/19 Urban Tanzania Draft SDG 6 Strategy.pdf


Haiti Draft SDG#6 Strategy (I)

Current

state and

existing

challenges

• Environmental degradation

• Extreme poverty

• El Niño effect (drought & heavy rains)

• Fragile food security & livelihood

• Political instability

• Lack of capacity to steer sector/ country

• Weak institutions

• Weak WASH setup

• Degraded watersheds

• Very limited access to WASH services

• Allocation and management of funds

• Limited capacity at local level

• No integrated vision linking IWRM and WASH

Desired

outcomes

• Improved access to drinking water and sanitation

• Early victories! in improved drinking water quality

• Rehabilitated watersheds

• Strengthened role of private sector in providing sanitation services and good quality work

• Increased food security for subsistence farmers

Strategic

focus

• Targets 6.1 and 6.2: Achieve balance between water and sanitation at DINEPA

• Targets 6.2 and 6.5: Protect water sources

• Targets 6.3 and 6.4: Improve sustainability and productivity of agriculture

• Target 6.6: Restore ecosystem services

• Target 6.a: Strengthen the capacities of WASH and IWRM managers

• Target 6.b: Set-up coordination platforms

Principles • No WASH without IWRM!

• Patience (step-by-step implementation)

• Long-term commitment

• Have a clear vision (instead of/ before indicators)

• Participation of all stakeholders, including citizens and private sector

• Will to take risks or the courage to fail


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/22 Haiti Draft SDG6 Strategy.pdf


Haiti Draft SDG#6 Strategy (II)32nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/22 Haiti Draft SDG6 Strategy.pdf


Conclusions from the Country Cases

• The SDG#6 framework applies to all contexts but calls for careful

contextualisation

• The level of institutionalization and availability of data in the countries

determined the level of detail of the country strategies

• Highly institutionalized conditions and specific data available (e.g. Macedonia)

Allows for specific SDG#6 strategy, mapping out concrete MoI

Results in low level of transferability to other contexts; provide limited room

for innovation

• Low level of institutionalization, failed-state-like conditions, no reliable data

available (e.g. Haiti)

Provides room for innovation in the mapping out of MoI

Requires generic SDG#6 strategy

• SDG#6 implementation presents a unique opportunity to resolve existing

challenges. However, the Tanzania case illustrates how overcoming

existing barriers (e.g. rural-urban divide, water-sanitation divide) depends

on the willingness of decision-makers


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Top 5 Recommendations for Policy-Makers

• National priority-setting on SDG#6 implementation presents a unique

opportunity to tackle existing challenges and capitalising on emerging

opportunities: valorise the preparation and implementation of national

SDG#6 plans by allocating domestic funds

• Shift your attention from policy-making to policy enforcement and focus

on providing an altogether enabling environment: target sector

investments towards capacity-building in local governance, incentivise

the private sector and activate civil society

• Tap into the promising range of available financing instruments

including private sector interventions - communities appreciate a

business perspective to service delivery!

• Recognise and actively articulate the conflictive and political nature of

water management and use

• Use watersheds as the basic management unit for all interventions


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Top 5 Recommendations for Implementers

• Good experiences and cross-sector expertise are already available

no need to reinvent the wheel

• Political will is critical to any intervention on SDG#6: be prepared to

engage in time-intensive lobbying and advocacy efforts and ally with

influential leaders and cross-sectoral partners through multi-

stakeholder partnerships

• Take up a dual perspective: consider upscaling and acceleration from

the start but at the same time exploit quick-wins and move step-by-step

• Tap into ICT’s potential to improve service delivery but always

contextualise technology and innovation and never neglect behavioural

change approaches

• WASH and IWRM are as inherently linked as the water and the nutrient

cycle: no WASH without IWRM, no IWRM without WASH


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Top 5 Recommendations for Financers

• Move from grants to loans and align financial contributions with

technical advice

• Be perseverant and engage in long-term-commitments towards SDG#6

• Understand that the financing gap can be closed but that «vulnerable

groups» must be more differentiated to match them with customised

financing mechanisms and to free ODA for the most vulnerable groups

• Apply results-based approaches wherever results are clearly defined

• Always ensure market conduciveness for any sector intervention, public

or private


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Conclusions

• The SDG-framework serves as a practical, analytical tool that applies to

all contexts

• The Water & Nutrient Cycle provides a powerful tool for donors, policy-

makers and implementers to enter discussions on SDG#6 by

highlighting interdependencies, challenges and opportunities and thus

creating a common understanding of the particular system

• SDG#6 advances the business case for water and sanitation but calls

for an ecosystem that is yet to be fully prepared

• The connectedness of goals and targets is challenging but also

auspicious: smart interventions have the potential to address multiple

issues at once


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


Concluding Remarks from SDC GPWI (Johan Gély)

• It is not the differences in geographies or cultural

heritage of the local population that determine

the different starting conditions for SDG#6 (see

South and North Korea and Haiti and the

Dominican Republic) good governance and

political leadership are the key determinants

• The SDGs are all about continua (from MDG to

SDG, from WASH to IWRM, from rural to urban,

from south to north, from local to global level

etc.) implementation requires holistic

approach

• The SDG network is a booster of innovation (use it in negotiations with governments and

development partners!) and new financing mechanisms

• “Tariffs, Taxes and Transfers” (TTT) and ODA are concepts of the past public

stakeholders must start to engage in new strategic coalitions and ensure that the

development agenda is not instrumentalised

• Adding to the complexity of the water-food-energy nexus, the SDGs bring in additional

links to health, education and trade that need to be addressed SDGs provide

synergies, let’s exploit them innovatively, pragmatically but also carefully

• No data = no action = no data. Parallel efforts are required

• The AGUASAN community comprises enormous political capital to address the

implementation challenge use the network to fully exploit it!

Img. 12: «SDGs are ambitious, but ambition creates

emotion and emotion triggers action and change»

(Johan Gély)


The water goal


Country cases

Results


Implementation

Slogans for SDG#6


Nutrient cycle


cases

Recommendations and

conclusions

Annex


References

1 UN Water (2015): Water in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development2 United Nations (2015): Sustainable Development Goals


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators

MoI Practice Examples

Field trip

http://www.unwater.org/sdgs/en/

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300


Notes

I AGUASAN Workshop steering committee: Agnès Montangero

(Helvetas Intercooperation), Roger Schmid (SKAT), Marc-André

Bünzli (SHA), Hanna Capeder (SDC), Christoph Lüthi (EAWAG).

Daya Moser (Helvetas Intercooperation) and Lars Schöbitz

(EAWAG) acted as substitute members of the steering committee

during the workshop.II JMP post-2015 working groups, UN-Water Technical Advice for a

comprehensive Water and Sanitation Goal 2014 and champion

member states (including, among others, Switzerland)III For more information, see the SDC Guidelien for sustainable

groundwater resource management here


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

mailto:[email protected]







https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/18b_Guideline GW Management_Marc Andre Buenzli.pdf


Acronyms

• CoP: Community of Practice

• CSO: Civil Society Organisation

• DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction

• EU: European Union

• GEMI: Global Expanded Water

Monitoring Initiative

• GI: Green Infrastructure

• GLAAS: UN-Water Global Analysis and

Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-

Water

• GDP: Gross Domestic Product

• GWP: Global Water Partnership

• ICT: Information and Communications

Technology

• IWRM: Integrated Water Resources

Management

• JMP: Joint Monitoring Programme for

Water Supply and Sanitation

• LGI: Local Government Institution

• MDG: Millennium Development Goal

• MoI: Means of Implementation

• MSP: Multi-Stakeholder Partnership

• NGO: Non-governmental organisation

• NRW: Non-revenue water

• OD: open defecation

• ODA: Official Development Assistance

• O&M: Operation and Maintenance

• PPP: Public-Private-Partnership

• SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and

Cooperation

• SDG: Sustainable Development Goal

• SME: Small and Medium-sized

Enterprises

• SWA: Sanitation and Water for All

• TTT: Tariffs, Transfers and Taxes

• UN: United Nations

• WASH: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

• WBC: Water Benefit Certificate

• WHO: World Health Organisation

• WIN: Water Integrity Network

• WSC: Water and Sanitation Committees

• W&N: Water & Nutrients

• WBC: Water Benefit Certificate

• WHO: World Health Organisation

• WIN: Water Integrity Network

• WSC: Water and Sanitation Committees

• W&N: Water & Nutrients

• 4R: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle, Restore


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


Agenda

Mon 27/06 Tue 28/06 Wed 29/06 Thu 30/06 Fri 01/07

8:30

–10:30

Welcome coffee as of 7:30

Welcome and introduction to

the AGUASAN Workshop

Clarification of expectations &

objectives

Conclusions from the WTD

Introduction to Water in the

2030 agenda (Kate Medlicott, WHO)

Continuation: Translation of the

Water Goal to the reality of the

country cases (definition of

current and desired future states)

Recommendations from the

raporteur of day 1

Case study: defining the

strategic focus, target

groups/beneficiaries and

indicators


raporteur of day 2

Practical examples (focus on

finance):

- Whave Uganda

- SuizAgua Colombia

- IWRM Bangladesh


raporteur of day 3


finance continued):

- F3 Life Kenya

Group work: collecting MoI

Case study: adapting MoI to the country cases


raporteur of day 4

Case study: Consolidation of the SDG#6 strategies

Coffee break

11:00

–12:30

Group work: The Water Goal,

its targets and

interdependencies along the

water and nutrient cycle

Case study: identifying

challenges and opportunities

Introduction to means of

implementation (Janek

Hermann-Friede, cewas)

- Investments for Watersheds

Peru

- Finish Program Kenya/ India


technology):

- Agadir Water Compensation

Morocco

Final presentations

Cross-country conclusions

Lunch

13:30

–15:00

Introduction to the country

cases


policy & institutional framework

and MSP):

- Urban water projects

Kyrgyzstan

- IWRM Bolivia

Field trip Baldeggersee

SDG#6 and the water & nutrient

cycle (Marc-André Bünzli, SDC

HA)

- MSABI Tanzania


Case study: adapting MoI to the

country cases

Concluding remarks from

SDC GWPI (Johan Gély)

Final review of the water and

nutrient cycle

Coffee breakCoffee break

15:30

–17:15

Introduction and formation of

working groups

Case study: Translation of the

Water Goal to the reality of the

country cases (definition of

current and desired future

states)

- MSP Japan


Case study: adapting MoI to the

country cases

Case study: Consolidation of the SDG#6 strategies

Preparing the 2030 Talk Show

Certification, evaluation and

closing

as of 17:30 Restaurant dinner at Tropenhaus

WolhusenTalk Show & Networking Apéro


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


Methodological Approach32nd AGUASAN Workshop

The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


AGUASAN Workshop Participants

Aanyu Rehema Uganda Water and Sanitation

NGO Network (UWASNET)

Uganda [email protected],

[email protected]

Abdallah Panga Said UFUNDIKO Tanzania [email protected]

Achermann Sarah seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]

Akramul Haque Mohammad DASCOH Foundation Bangladesh [email protected]

Amatya Prakash

Chandra

GUTHI Nepal [email protected]

Ambühl Roman seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]

Arbab Shakar SECO Islamabad Pakistan Pakistan [email protected]

Barreto Dillon Leonellha seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]

Blunier Pascal HELVETAS Swiss

Intercooperation / CSD Engineers

Bolivia [email protected]

Bongertman Thea Simavi Tanzania [email protected]

Brogan John Terre des hommes Switzerland [email protected]

Bünzli Marc-André SDC/FDFA Switzerland [email protected]

Burri Georges SHA WES Expert, SDC Regional

Office Amman, Jordan

Jordan [email protected];

[email protected]

Capeder Hanna SDC - Global Programme Water

Initiatives

Switzerland [email protected]

Carrasco José Luis Aquasis Solutions Switzerland joseluis.carrasco@aquasis-

solutions.ch

Cassin Jan Forest Trends USA [email protected]

Das Binayak Water Integrity Network (WIN) Germany [email protected]

Dodeva Stanislava Embassy of Switzerland in the

Republic of Macedonia

Macedonia [email protected]

Erlmann Tandiwe seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip



Fernando

SumbaneFrancisco HELVETAS Swiss

Intercooperation

Mozambique [email protected]

Gély Johan SDC - Global Programme Water

Initiatives

Switzerland

Haag Justine SDC/ SKH Morocco [email protected]

Harvey Adam Whave Solutions Uganda [email protected]

Heeb Johannes seecon international gmbh Switzerland [email protected]

Hermann-Friede Janek cewas Germany [email protected]

Hetzer Kajetan Social Equity Fund The Netherlands [email protected]

Hoang Viet WWF Vietnam Vietnam [email protected]

Kanyeto Alphonsina

Paul

msabi Tanzania [email protected]

Kudabaev Tunzhurbek Swiss Embassy in Bishkek,

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Republic [email protected]

h

Lüthi Christoph Eawag/Sandec Switzerland [email protected]

Manandhar

Sherpa

Anjali 500B Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Nepal [email protected]

Matoro Jacqueline SDC Tanzania [email protected]

Medlicott Kate WHO Switzerland

Mirta Ylber Ministry of Environment and

Physical Planning

MACEDONIA [email protected]

Mondestin Samuel Diery SDC Haiti samuel-

[email protected]

Moser Daya HELVETAS Swiss

Intercooperation

Switzerland [email protected]


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip



Müller Kim Caritas Switzerland Switzerland [email protected]

Murinda Sharon SDC, Regional Office Southern

Africa

Zimbabwe [email protected]

Ngigi Obadiah F3 Life Kenya [email protected]

Niyorathan Pakkiyaretnam Terre des hommes, Lausanne Sri Lanka [email protected]

Normand Olivier International Secretariat for Water Uzbekistan [email protected]

Pandey Nilkantha HELVETAS Swiss

intercooperation Nepal

Nepal [email protected]

Pérez León Sergio SDC Switzerland [email protected]

Pililao Fernando Swiss Cooperation In

Mozambique

Mozambique [email protected];

[email protected]

Quintana Garcia

de Parades

Cesarina SDC, Global Programmes HUB

Lima (Perú)

Peru [email protected]

Rojas Orjuela Diana SDC - Global Programme Water

Initiatives

Colombia [email protected]

Schmid Roger Skat Consulting Ltd. Switzerland [email protected]

Schoebitz Lars Eawag/Sandec Switzerland [email protected]

Shrestha Bijesh Man Terre des hommes, Nepal Nepal [email protected]

Sorokovskyi Viacheslav DESPRO - Swiss-Ukrainian

Decentralisation Support project

Ukraine [email protected]

Syfric Eva Swiss Red Cross Switzerland [email protected]

Vyas Anil Dutt Manipal University Jaipur, India India [email protected]

Wiederkehr Frank SDC/SECO Macedonia [email protected]

Yeya Douma HSI Niger [email protected]

Yodgorov Bekhruz Oxfam GB office in Tajikistan Tajikistan [email protected]


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


Proposed SDG#6 Indicators

6.1.1 Safely managed drinking water services

6.2.1 Safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility

6.3.1 Safely treated wastewater

6.3.2 Ambient water quality in water bodies

6.4.1 Change in water use-efficiency over time

6.4.2 Level of water stress

6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resource management implementation

6.5.2 Transboundary basin areas with an arrangement for water cooperation

6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

6.a Water and sanitation ODA as part of coordinated spending plans

6.b Participation of local communities in water and sanitation management

11.5.1 Number of deaths persons affected by disaster

(© K. Medlicott)


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

« Back »


Presented Practice Examples

Policy,

institutional

framework

Multi-stakeholder

partnerships

Financing

mechanismsTechnology

Urban water projects Kyrgystan

(Tunzhurbek Kudabaev, Swiss

Embassy Kyrgyzstan)

Building water institutions in Bolivia

(Pascal Blunier, Helvetas

Intercooperation)

Multi-Stakeholder Processes Japan

(Binayak Das, Water Integrity

Network)

WHAVE Uganda (Adam Harvey,

Whave Solutions)


(Diana Rojas, SDC)

IWRM in Bangladesh (Akramul

Haque, DASCOH Foundation)

Investmenting in Watershed Services

Peru (Jan Cassin, Forest Trends)

FINISH Program India (Kajetan

Hetzer, Socal Equity Fund)

Farmer’s Life (Obadiah Ngigi, F3 Life)

Agadir Water Compensation (José-

Luis Carrasco, Aquasis Solutions)

Pump for Life (Alphonsina Kanyeto,

MSABI)


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


Urban Water Project Kyrgyzstan

• Context: lack of financial and managerial capacities, lack of post-sovjet

investments, deteriorating infrastructure, challenging implementation of

decentralised water services under on-going sector reform

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: facilitating a coherent sector reform through

a combined approach of policy dialogue, corporate utility development,

stakeholder participation and physical infrastructure investments

• Achievements: creation of a state agency responsible for drinking

water, development of a national drinking water strategy, improved

managerial capacities in utilities resulting in reduced water losses and

implemented tariff reform

• Lessons learnt: the approach is meaningful to improve institution-

building and policy dialogue; stakeholder participation program is

effective to enhance ownership and accountability; political will remains

stumbling block

Presenter: Tunzhurbek Kudabaev, Swiss Embassy Kyrgyzstan

« Back »

Policy, institutional framework Multi-stakeholder partnerships Finance Technology

6.1. Drinking water 6.2. Sanitation 6.3. Wastewater 6.4. WU-efficiency 6.5. IWRM 6.6. Ecosystems


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/01_Kudabaev T. SECO Urban Water Project.pdf


Building Water Institutions in Bolivia

• Context: conflictual and fast-changing political framework («2000

guerra del agua» against tariff raise, privatisation and later de-

privatisation of inefficient/corrupt utility, commencing presidency of Evo

Morales)

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: transitioning successful projects into actual

local institutions in order to capitalise on project achievements for long-

term policy- and decision-making

• Achievements: technical/political intervention was successfully

transferred into two institutions that became technical referents for the

development of management plans and the water agenda. Horizontal

and vertical cooperation as well as social capital was successfully

increased

• Lessons learnt: conflictive and political nature of water management/

use must be recognised and articulated with stakeholders; long-term

commitment is required

Presenter: Pascal Blunier, Helvetas Intercooperation/CSD Engineers



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/02_Blunier P. Buiding water institutions in Cochabamba.pdf


Multi-Stakeholder Processes Japan

• Context Japan: recovering/modernising post-WWII Japan in times of

high demand for land and food

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: conducting repeated face-to-face

stakeholder consultations when developing basin plans in order to

enhance citizen engagement and local ownership for IWRM

• Achievements: effective formats for participation (e.g. working groups,

fora) created, awareness and citizen engagement enhanced, resilience

(e.g. drought conciliation, flood control) increased

• Lessons learnt: multi-stakeholder processes (MSPs) are time-

consuming and must respond to local sensitivities; success factors for

MSPs: open information sharing in local language and allying with

influential institutional leaders

Presenter: Binayak Das, Water Integrity Network (WIN e.V)



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/03_Das B. Multi-stakeholder processes.pdf


Sustainable O&M for WASH Systems Uganda

• Context: prolonged down-time and O&M failure of improved Ugandan

water sources leading to premature abandonment as well as to

groundwater and household drinking water contamination

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: incentivising O&M through performance-

based payments and contracts between service utilities, SMEs and

Water & Sanitation Committees

• Achievements: significant improvement of source reliability in 150

communities in 5 districts, enhanced willingness to pay, improved

income security of technicians, enhanced hygiene levels

• Lessons learnt: business perspective is appreciated by communities;

hygiene grading is useful to generate peer-competition and to reward

hygiene promoters

Presenter: Adam Harvey, Whave Solutions



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/04_Harvey A. Sustainable WASH Systems.pdf



• Context: economic growth/market globalisation, increase in water

demand and pollution

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: implementing the Water Footprint Concept in

large enterprises as means to improve water-use efficiency and

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

• Achievements: Chile: 4’000 m3/m saved; Colombia: 1’000 m3/month

groundwater saved and 73m3/month rainwater harvested; Peru: 2’170

m3/month saved and 8m3/month fog water retained + economic savings

• Lessons learnt: large companies are not always aware of their

environmental impact; Water Footprint Concept is a promising

approach to increase the responsibility of the private sector across

countries and sectors (especially if linked to ISO standard) but requires

integration of additional social/environmental criteria

Presenter: Diana Rojas, SDC



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/05_Rojas D. SuizAgua Columbia Chile Peru_.pdf


IWRM in Bangladesh

• Context: existing but fragmented regulatory framework on IWRM, lack of

institutional IWRM responsibility, evolving governance and fragile

decentralisation, lack of access for disadvantaged groups due to depleting

groundwater and arsenic contamination

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: developing a harmonised regulatory system that

incentivises 4R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Restore)-compliant systems

through rewards and rebates

• Achievements: enabling environment created; institutional coordination

improved; 4R-aligned water systems effectively promoted water-use

efficiency and aquifer recharge enhanced

• Lessons learnt: enabling environment is key for any implementation

measure; evidence- and data-based advocacy can rally stakeholders to

adopt nexus approach; participatory policy-making and field-testing is

conducive to acceptance and ownership

Presenter: Akramul Haque, DASCOH Foundation



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/06_Haque A. IWRM Bangladesh.pdf


Investment in Watershed Services Peru

• Context: increasing water stress, growing financing gap for water

infrastructure, lack of watershed protection

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: promoting green infrastructure (e.g. traditional

infiltration ditches) through bi- or multi-lateral agreements between

downstream funders and upstream implementers of watershed services

• Achievements: natural vegetation cover and soils restored through

watershed protection measures, down-stream water availability

increased, management capacities and social cohesion of communities

strengthened, traditional knowledge valorised

• Lessons learnt: green infrastructure can be a cost-effective

complementation of grey infrastructure (reduced treatment costs,

contribution to effectiveness of grey infrastructure) but uncertainties on

performance must be addressed; green infrastructure can contribute to

achievement of numerous SDGs culture-shift in ODA required

Presenter: Jan Cassin, Forest Trends



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/07_Cassin J. Investing in natural infrastructure.pdf


FINISH Program India

• Context: large financing gap for WASH-SMEs despite excellent Returns

on Investment; lack of valorisation of excreta and organic waste; poor

support for entrepreneurs

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: establishing international PPPs to apply

customised financial engineering for WASH systems along the entire

service and value chain

• Achievements: sanitation systems effectively built, enabling environment

for private sector created

• Lessons learnt: financing gap can be closed through innovative and

customised PPPs but «vulnerable groups» must be more differentiated to

match with adequate financing mechanisms; mix of financial instruments

and iterative capacity building/hand-holding required to ensure effective

exploitation of SME potential for the local economy; upscaling and

acceleration must be designed from the beginning and

stakeholders/financers must be integrated from the start

Presenter: Kajetan Hetzer, Social Equity Fund



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/08_Hetzer K. FINISH Program India.pdf


Farmer’s Life

• Context: lack of access to appropriate credits for farmers, reduced crop

yields due to neglected watershed management

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: providing farmers with access to eco-loans

with decreasing interest rates and increasing credit limits for enhanced

watershed protection

• Achievements: farmer motivation for watershed protection increased

overland run-off, soil loss and reservoir sedimentation reduced; yields,

water quality, climate change resilience and farmer’s income increased

• Lessons learnt: farmer’s demand for green credits exists (high payback

rate); green credits are strong incentive for behavioural change

(possibility for scale up to fishermen, pastoralist and forest-adjacent

communities)

Presenter: Obadiah Ngigi, F3 Life



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/09_Ngigi O. Farmers Life_.pdf


Water Compensation Morocco

• Context: extreme water stress and inefficient irrigation in producer region

of fruit-importing Swiss retailer, resulting in considerable business risk

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: establishing a PPP framework to facilitate the

compensation of the water footprint of imported fruits and vegetable

through Water Benefit Certificates (WBC) that are reinvested in local

source and watershed protection measures

• Achievements: - (project still ongoing)

• Lessons learnt: awareness for water-related business risks is growing

SDG#6 can be interesting business case but businesses need to be

supported where they can have a strong impact on SDG achievement;

MSPs are time-consuming and challenging but can mobilise and leverage

substantial funds

Presenter: José-Luis Carrasco, Aquasis Solutions



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/10_Carrasco JL. Agadir water compensation.pdf


Pump for Life Tanzania

• Context: widespread failure of water points, lack of access to safe

drinking water for rural population

• Proposed MoI for SDG#6: providing a subscription-based, proactive and

reactive waterpoint maintenance service based on a decentralised

network of O&M technicians and real-time, ICT-based monitoring of

service reliability, customer satisfaction and life-cycle costs

• Achievements: waterpoint functionality increased (99% as opposed to

60% for water points and 23% in schools), response time increased (24h

as opposed to 17,5 days), cost recovery achieved for spare parts and

mechanic labour – breakeven expected in 2020 through program scaling

and increase of premium

• Lessons learnt: demand exists potential for wider application; mobile-

phone-based payments can increase on-time and overall payment and

can reduce misuse of (project) funds

Presenter: Alphonsina Kanyeto, MSABI



« Back »


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Water/resources/RsEAU Library/11_Kanyato A. Pump for Life.pdf



Context 1975

• Intensive livestock production and overfertilisation in agriculture

• Compact, erosion-prone soils lead to direct run-off

• Lack of efficient wastewater treatment system

• Consequences for Lake Baldegg: high phosphorus loads and lake eutrophication

• decrease in water clarity

• growth of aquatic plants / algal bloom

• decrease in fish stocks

Measures taken in 1980‘s

• Connection of households to public

sewerage systems in urban areas

• Attempt to reduce of overfertilisation by

installing larger storage tanks for liquid

manure

• Artificial aeration of Lake Baldegg in

summer, artificial mixing of water layers in

winter to increase oxygen levels


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip

Img.13: Oxygen tank for artificial aeration (© Seetaler Bote)


http://www.seetalerbote.ch/news/seetal/2015-11-12/dem-baldeggersee-geht-die-luft-aus



Achievements

• Decrease in phosphorous concentration

• Increase in biodiversity levels

• Improvement of lake clarity

Remaining issues

• Decrease of phosphorous intake from households cancelled out by further

intensification of livestock production continuously high phosphorous intake from

tributaries (majority of soils remain phosphorous-saturated)

• Unsustainable solution: adequate oxygen concentration depends on artificial aeration

• Lack of political/ societal will to reduce cattle numbers (strong farmers’ lobby in the

catchment area)

• High costs of artificial aeration (700-800’000 CHF / year)

Need for further action

• Reduction of overfertilisation in order to terminate artificial aeration

• Structural restoration of rivers, riverbanks and lake shores

• Improvement of water cycle in the entire watershed (provision of adequate space,

more rainwater seepage)

• Continuous monitoring


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip



Possible solution I: Organic farming (Franz Stadelmann)

• For decades, intensive production was seen as the only way forward to meet the

growing demand after WWII

• Today, organic farming is again on the rise due to enhanced consumer awareness and

willingness of major retailers to push (profitable!) niche market

• Organic farming: no-till, prolonged planting cycles, renouncement to artificial fertilizer

and pesticides, (almost) closed nutrient cycle on farm level, reduced stock numbers,

etc. 75% less phosphorous emission compared to conventional agriculture

Conclusion: nutrient overload can be prevented by closing the water & nutrient cycle

on farm level

Img.14: Question and answers with organic farmer Franz Stadelmann


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip



Possible solution II: Protection of the lake environment (Marleen Schäfer)

• ProNatura (Swiss NGO for nature protection) bought Lake Baldegg in 1940 and

installed a protected area of 6-7 meters along the shoreline

• Further ideas:

• Implementation of fertiliser-trading-scheme (Nutrient Benefit Certificates)

• Incentivising alternative, non-livestock-based production systems (e.g. standard fruit trees)

Conclusion: the problem can only be solved by addressing the root cause. Lake

aeration is nothing but fighting symptoms

Possible solution III: A regional development perspective (Hans Peter Stutz)

• Swiss regional development seeks to improve economic development in rural areas

• It considers challenges like the one of Lake Baldegg as a business opportunity

• Project idea (rejected due to influence of farmers’ lobby):

• Phase 1: Water purification with cultivated cattail in retention basins

• Phase 2: extraction and sale of phosphorous from Lake Baldegg

• Phase 3: repositioning local agriculture (decentivising intensive livestock production)

Conclusion: every challenge can be an opportunity; sometimes quick-wins should be

sought without providing answers to all open questions to prevent projects to be

rejected from the start


The water goal


Country cases

Results

Annex

References

Notes

Acronyms

Agenda

Methodological

approach

Participants

Indicators


Field trip


Elements of the water & nutrient cycle (@ SSWM.info) « Back »


The water cycle as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »


The water & nutrient cycle, as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »


SDG#6 targets and the water & nutrient cycle, as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »


Interdependencies of SDG#6 targets, the water & nutrient cycle and other SDGs, as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »


Challenges in the SDG#6 water & nutrient cycle; as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »


Means of Implementation in the SDG#6 water & nutrient cycle; as elaborated during AGUASAN 2016 « Back »

2016 aguasan workshop report

Documents