2016 company powertrain strategy information - … engine report.final_.pdf2016 company powertrain...

2016 Company Powertrain Strategy Information

This document is designed to outline the major automotive manufacturers in the United States and their current engine lineup. It provides important information about the engine displacements, EPA MPG rating, engine type/vehicle model, North American engine production and future directions for each manufacturer.

Note: These engine volumes are NOT the number of engines a manufacturer sells but is the number of engines the manufacturer produces for the entire North American Market.

*Data is taken from Ward’s 2017 Light Vehicle Engines Report

*Note: Data for adjusted fuel economy, adjusted CO2 emissions, and footprint were taken from the EPA’s “Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 – 2016” report for the 2016 preliminary values.

FCA GROUP LLC Brands: FIAT, Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram

Adjusted Fuel

Economy (MPG) Adjusted CO2

Emissions (g/mile) Footprint (square feet)

Cars 24.9 356 47.4 Trucks 20.5 436 53.8 Total 22.2 402 51.1

Engine Type Percentage of Production Volume 4 Cylinder 25.46% 6 Cylinder 57.07%

8+ Cylinder 17.39% Hybrid/Electric 0.08%

Models North American Production* Engine

Volume (units) 4 Cylinder (Liters of

Displacement)

1.4 L Fiat 500

10,500

1.4 L Turbo Fiat 500 Abarth, Fiat 500L, Fiat 500X, Fiat 124 Spider, 124 Spider Abarth;

Jeep Renegade

24,500

2.0 L Jeep Compass, Patriot 140,000 2.4 L Ram ProMaster City

Dodge Journey; Jeep Compass, Patriot Chrysler 200; Jeep Cherokee, Renegade

15,000 130,000 340,000

6 Cylinder (Liters of Displacement)

2.9 L Twin Turbo Alfa Romeo Giulia 3,000 3.0 L Turbo Ram Promaster

Jeep Grand Cherokee; Ram Pickup 32,500

111,000 3.2 L Jeep Cherokee 45,500 3.6 L Chrysler 200, 300; Dodge Challenger,

Charger, Durango, Grand Caravan, Journey; Jeep Grand Cherokee,

Wrangler, Wrangler Unlimited; Ram Pickup, Ram Promaster

Chrysler Pacifica

1,012,000

136,000 6.7 L Turbo Ram HD Pickup 139,500


5.7 L

Chrysler 300; Dodge Challenger, Charger, Durango; Jeep Grand

Cherokee; Ram Pickup

289,000

Ram HD Pickup 110,400 6.2 L Supercharged Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, Charger

SRT Hellcat 9,800

6.4 L Ram HD Pickup, Ram Power Wagon Dodge Challenger R/T Scat Pack & SRT

392, Charger R/T Scat Pack, Daytona 392 & SRT 392; Jeep Grand Cherokee

SRT

28,000 13,000


8.4 L Dodge Viper 650 Hybrid/Electric

3.6 L plus 85 kW electric motor developing 84 hp amd 92 lb.-ft (125 Nm) of torque from a 16

Kw/h Li-ion battery pack

Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid 1,000

Electric motor plus 24 kWh Li-ion heated and cooled battery

pack

Fiat 500e

1,000

Notice: The large number of small displacement engines that are turbocharged in FCA’s lineup.

Future: With the merger of Chrysler and Fiat, we see the continual sharing of engine technologies. The trend will likely continue to be that Fiat’s small engine will be integrated into Chrysler vehicles, while the larger SUV based engines from Chrysler will be integrated into Fiat vehicles. FCA has started the global roll out of a new gasoline engine family. As the electrification market continues to be driven by regulatory requirements. FCA’s launch of the Pacifica, a PHEV minivan, offers a glimpse into how FCA will approach complying with ZEV requirements. Also, we expect several mild hybrid applications will come to the market shortly thereafter. The decrease in 4 cylinder engines as a percentage of total powertrain may make it more difficult for FCA to meet future regulatory goals.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY

Brands: Ford, Lincoln

Adjusted Fuel Economy (MPG)

Adjusted CO2 Emissions (g/mile)

Footprint (square feet)


Engine Type Percentage of Production Volume 4 Cylinder 38.13% 5 Cylinder 1.59% 6 Cylinder 37.80%


Models North American Production* Engine Volume (units)


1.0 L Turbo Fiesta Focus

5,000 25,000

1.5 L Turbo Fusion 49,500 1.6 L Fiesta 63,400

1.6 L Turbo Escape Fiesta ST

89,000 1,600

2.0 L Focus 132,700 2.0 L Turbo Escape, Focus ST, Fusion,

Taurus, Taurus PPV Sedan; Lincoln MKC

Edge; Lincoln MKZ

268,700

150,200 2.3 L Turbo Explorer

Mustang; Lincoln MKC Focus RS

55,000 34,600 1,400

2.5 L Escape, Transit Connect 326,000 5 Cylinder (Liters of

Displacement)

3.2 L Turbo Transit 50,000 6 Cylinder (Liters of

Displacement)

2.7 L Twin Turbo F-150 Edge Sport, Fusion Sport; Lincoln Continental, MKX

87,000 70,500

3.0 L Turbo Lincoln Continental, MKZ 11,000 3.5 L Taurus PPV Sedan 10,000

F-150, Taurus Edge, Explorer, Flex

235,400 223,500

3.5 L Twin Turbo

Transit Expedition, Explorer, Explorer

Sport, Flex, Taurus, Taurus PPV Sedan, Taurus SHO; Lincoln

MKT, Navigator F-150

35,400 156,000

186,500 3.5 L HO Twin Turbo F-150 Raptor 2,500

3.5 L HO GT Twin Turbo Ford GT 100 3.7 L Mustang, Taurus PPV

Sedan/Utility, Transit; Lincoln Continental, MKT, MKX

173,800


5.0 L F-150 Mustang

215,000 77,800

5.2 L Mustang Shelby GT350/GT350R

2,400

5.4 L E-Series Cutaway, Chassis 16,000 6.2 L F-Super Duty 93,500

6.7 L Turbo F-Super Duty, E-Series Cutaway/Commercial Chassis

172,000


6.8 L E-Series Cutaway, Commercial Chassis

91,200

Hybrid/Electric 2.0 L plus perm. magnet electric

motor developing 118 hp and 129 lb.ft. (240 Nm) of torque

from a Li-ion battery pack

Fusion Hybrid, Fusion Energi Hybrid; Lincoln MKZ Hybrid

18,500

2.0 L plus perm. magnet electric motor developing 47 hp and 117 lb.ft. (159 Nm) of torque from a

Li-ion battery pack

C-Max Hybrid, C-Max Energi Hybrid

19,400

Electric motor plus 240 volt Li-ion liquid-cooled/heated battery

pack

Focus EV 2,800

Notice: The large number of small displacement engines that are turbocharged in Ford’s lineup.

Future: Ford’s current plan is to offer an EcoBoosted engine in every model. Engines with EcoBoost technology are designed to deliver the power and torque of larger engines while achieving better fuel efficiency. This is achieved through a combination of engine technologies such as turbocharging and direct injection on small displacement engines. Ford’s alternative powertrain strategy seems focused on developing low volume hybrids and EVs using an adapted vehicle design that takes advantage of current designs rather than completely new designs.

GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION

Brands: Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac

Adjusted Fuel Economy (MPG)




Engine Type Percentage of Production Volume 3 Cylinder 0.28% 4 Cylinder 38.59% 6 Cylinder 24.84% 8 Cylinder 35.11%

Hybrid/Electric 1.18%



1.0 L Chevrolet Spark 10,000 4 Cylinder (Liters of

Displacement)

1.4 L Chevrolet Spark 18,000 1.4 L Turbo Chevrolet Sonic, Trax

Chevrolet Cruze 185,000 257,000

1.5 L Chevrolet Cruze Chevrolet Malibu

5,800 78,000

1.6 L Buick Cascada 10,000 1.8 L Turbo Chevrolet Sonic 58,000 2.0 L Turbo Buick Verano

Buick Regal; Cadillac ATS, CTS, CT6; Chevrolet Camaro,

Malibu Buick Envision

7,000 99,000

3,800 2.4 L Buick Regal, Verano; Chevrolet

Equinox; GMC Terrain 367,000

2.5 L Buick Envision; Chevrolet Impala

Chevrolet Colorado; GMC Acadia, Canyon

43,000

229,800

2.8 L Turbo Chevrolet Colorado, Express; GMC Canyon, Savana

34,500


3.0 L Cadillac CT6 60,500

3.6 L Cadillac ATS, CTS, CT6, XTS, Chevrolet Camaro

Cadillac XTS; Chevrolet Caprice PPV, Equinox, Impala;

GMC Terrain Chevrolet Camaro

Buick Lacrosse Chevrolet Colorado; GMC

Canyon Cadillac XT5

Cadillac ATS, CTS, CT6, XTS, Chevrolet Camaro

Buick Enclave; Chevrolet Traverse; GMC Acadia

22,500

109,000

56,500 19,000 50,500

60,000 56,000

310,000

3.6 L Twin Turbo Cadillac ATS-V, CTS, XTS 26,000

4.3 L Chevrolet Silverado; GMC Sierra

128,500


4.8 L Chevrolet Express; GMC Savana

51,700

5.3 L Chevrolet Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe; GMC Sierra, Yukon,

Yukon XL

757,500

6.0 L Chevrolet Caprice PPV Chevrolet Express, Silverado HD; GMC Savana, Sierra HD

1,100 160,000

6.2 L Chevrolet Camaro, Corvette Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV; Chevrolet Silverado;

GMC Sierra, Yukon, Yukon XL Chevrolet SS sedan

Cadillac CTS-V; Chevrolet Camaro ZL1, Corvette Z06

61,000 120,600

3,000 1,500

6.6 L Turbo Chevrolet Silverado HD; GMC Sierra HD

113,600

Hybrid/Electric 1.5 L plus two 111 kW AC

electric motors developing 149 hp and 294 lb.-ft (399 Nm) of torque from 18.4-kW/h Li-ion

battery pack

Chevrolet Volt 32,300

5.3 L plus a 9.7 kW AC electric motor developing 13 hp and 44 lb.-ft. (60 Nm) of torque from a

0.45 kW Li-ion battery pack

Chevrolet Silverado eAssist 4,500

Electric motor plus 60 kWh Li-ion battery pack

Chevrolet Bolt 3,000

Electric motor plus 400-volt 19 kWh Li-ion battery pack

Chevrolet Spark EV 2,800

Notice: The large number of 4 cylinder engines that are turbocharged in GM’s lineup and the large amount of 8 cylinder engines.

Future: GM Ecotec engines now are in their 2nd and 3rd generation. There will also be a push to integrate more mild hybridization in vehicles. Also, GM has confirmed its plants to jointly develop commercially viable fuel cell technologies with Honda in the 2020 timeframe. The introduction of the Chevrolet Bolt EV is major development in an all-electric subcompact vehicle with a 150 kW permanent magnet motor/generator with a range of over 200 miles per charge. GM uses a New Electric Platform (NEP) and New Electric Design (NED) for the Bolt that may distinguish it from all other vehicles on the road, while also allowing them to take advantage of new interior space. As a global company, GM expects to produce 150K alternative powertrain vehicles by 2020 and 500K by 2025. Meeting this goal will require significant increases in powertrain production.

HONDA MOTOR COMPANY Ltd. Brands: Honda, Acura

Adjusted Fuel








1.5 L Fit 54,000 1.5 L Turbo Civic 403,500

1.8 L HR-V 80,000 2.4 L Accord, CR-V

Acura ILX, TLX 642,000 43,500


3.5 L Accord; Acura RDX Pilot, Ridgeline; Acura MDX,

TLX Odyssey, Acura TLX

Acura RLX

145,300 167,000

200,000

3,000 Hybrid/Electric

2.0 plus a front-mounted 35-kW perm.-magnet electric drive

motor developing 181 hp and 314 Nm of torque, 1.3 kWh from a Li-ion battery pack

Accord Hybrid 5,500

3.5 L plus single front-mounted perm.-magnet electric motor

developing 35 hp and 109 lb.-ft. (148 Nm) of torque and two rear

perm.-magnet electric motors each developing 36 hp and 54 lb.-ft (73 Nm) torque from a

260-volt, 1.3 kWh Li-ion battery pack

Acura RLX Hybrid

1,500

3.5 L Twin Turbo plus 2 perm.-magnet oil-cooled electric

NSX 400

motors driving front wheels, each developing 36 hp and 44 lb.-ft. (73Nm) of torque, plus

rear-mounted direct-drive water-cooled perm.-magnet electric

motor/generator developing 47 hp and 109 lb.-ft. (147 Nm) of torque from a Li-ion battery

pack Electric (fuel cell) Clarity Fuel Cell 800

Notice: The lack of 8 cylinder engines in Honda’s lineup. Also notice the lack of turbo charged engines.

Future: Honda introduced its first-ever turbocharged engine as an optional upgrade in the new 2016 Civic. It is expected that Honda continues to roll out the family of turbocharged four-cylinder engines. The new NSX is a hybrid sports car that is powered by a 3.5 L twin turbo V6 engine. Honda’s collaboration with GM on fuel cell vehicles is expected to continue through 2020, while continuing to sell its Clarity fuel sell vehicle. Honda continues to take advantage of a US market that is focused on light trucks as it decreases the number 4 cylinder engines and increases the number of 6 cylinder engines in its fleet. As a global company, Honda expects to electrify 65 percent of its global fleet by 2030.

HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY Brands: HYUNDAI/KIA

HYUNDAI Adjusted Fuel




KIA Adjusted Fuel Economy (MPG)








1.4 L Hyundai: Elantra Eco 31,500 1.6 L

Hyundai: Accent, Veloster

Kia: Rio, Soul 84,000 10,000

1.6 L Turbo Hyundai: Sonata Hyundai: Elantra Sport,

Veloster Turbo Kia: Optima

Kia: Forte5, Forte Koup, Soul

18,000 15,000

15,000 88,600

2.0 L Hyundai: Elantra Hyundai: Tucson

Kia: Forte Kia: Forte, Forte5, Soul

138,000 45,500 50,200 62,000

2.0 L Turbo Hyundai: Sonata Turbo, Santa Fe Sport Turbo

Kia: Optima, Sorrento, Sportage

72,000

10,000 2.4 L Hyundai: Santa Fe Sport, Sonata

Kia: Optima, Sorento, Sportage 118,000 194,000


3.3 L Hyundai: Azera, Santa Fe 132,500

Kia: Cadenza, Sedona, Sorento 201,000 3.3 L Twin Turbo Hyundai: Genesis G90 34,200

3.8 L Hyundai: Genesis G80 Kia: K900

21,600 1,100


5.0 L Hyundai: Equus Hyundai: Genesis G80, G90

Kia: K900

4,000 3,500 800

Hybrid/Electric 1.6 L plus 32 kW permanent-

magnet electric motor developing 43 hp and 125 lb.-ft. (000 Nm) of torque from a 240-volt, 1.56 kW/h Li-ion battery

pack

Hyundai: Iconic Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid

500

1.6 L plua 32 kW permanent-magnet AC synchronous electric motor developing 43 hp and 100

ft. (136 Nm) of torque from a 1.6 kW/h, 240-volt Li-ion-

polymer battery pack

Kia: Niro Hybrid 7,500

2.0 L plus 38 kW permanent-magnet synchronous electric

motor developing 51 hp and 151 lb.-ft. (205 Nm) of torque from a 270-volt 56 kW lithium polymer

battery pack

Hyundai: Sonata Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid

20,500


motor developing 50 hp and 151 lb.-ft. (205 Nm) of torque from a

1.6 kW/h, 270-volt lithium polymer battery pack

Kia: Optima Hybrid 3,600



9.8 kW/h, 360-volt Li-ion-polymer battery pack

Kia: Optima Plug-In Hybrid 3,600

Electric (fuel cell) plus hydrogen-fueled 100-kW

proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

Hyundai: Tucson FCV 200

Electric motor plus 360-volt, 28 kW/h Li-ion polymer battery

pack

Hyundai: Ionic EV 100

Electric motor plus 360-volt, 127 kWh Li-ion polymer battery

pack

Kia: Soul EV

500

Notice: The blend of all sorts of engines in Hyundai’s lineup. Most of the engines are used twice, once for a Hyundai branded vehicle and another time for a Kia branded vehicle.

Future: Hyundai, like many other automakers, is embracing the idea of turbocharging, and direct injection for small displacement engines. Like Honda, Hyundai continues to take advantage of a US market that is focused on light trucks as it decreases the number 4 cylinder engines and increases the number of 6 cylinder engines in its fleet. They also have launched numerous hybrids and electric versions of their vehicles. Globally, they are launching 14 new eco models including 5 hybrids, 4 plug-in hybrids, and 1 fuel cell electric vehicle between now and 2020. Hyundai introduced the Ioniq hybrid which pairs a 1.6-liter four-cylinder petrol engine with an electric motor. It contains a 1.56 kWh lithium-ion polymer battery pack.

MAZDA MOTOR CORPORATION Brands: Mazda

Adjusted Fuel




Engine Type Percentage of Production Volume 4 Cylinder 100%



2.0 L CX-5, CX-3, Mazda3, MX5 Miata

80,000

2.5 L CX-5, Mazda3, Mazda6 201,000 2.5 L Turbo CX-9 17,000

Notice: The lack of 6 and 8 cylinder engines and lack of turbocharging in Mazda’s lineup. However, Mazda incorporates their household Skyactiv technology to the 2.0L and 2.5L engines. This raises engine efficiency by increasing the compression ratio and decreasing engine friction.

Future: Mazda continues to focus on maximizing the power and fuel economy of gasoline engines. Mazda plans to debut engines dubbed Skyactiv 2 that will boost fuel economy by 30% by pairing direct injection with higher compression ratio. It is scheduled to debut in the 2018 Mazda 3 with a fuel economy estimate of 70.5 mpg. Mazda aims to increase the engine’s compression ratio to 18:1, from the current level of 14:1. Mazda plans to finally debut the Skyactiv D I4 turbo-diesel engine in the US in the new 2018 CX5 that has been sold in Europe. Mazda is targeting 2019 for the launch of an electric vehicle, with plug-in electrics coming in 2022.

NISSAN MOTOR COMPANY LTD. Brands: Nissan, Infiniti

Adjusted Fuel








1.6 L Versa, Versa Note 297,300 1.6 L Turbo Juke, Sentra 23,400

1.8 L Sentra, Tida (Mexico), Versa (Mexico)

293,700

2.0 L NV200; Chevrolet City Express Rogue Sport

26,500 3,000

2.0 L Turbo Mercedes C300, Infiniti Q50, Q60, QX30

25,500

2.5 L Rogue Frontier, NP300 (Mexico)

Altima

216,500 126,000 298,500


3.0 L Turbo Q50, Q60 16,000 3.5 L Pathfinder

Altima, Murano, Quest; Infiniti QX60

Maxima

112,000 176,000

70,000

3.7 L 370Z; Infiniti Q70, QX50, QX70

78,000

3.8 L Turbo GT-R, GT-R NISMO 1,000 4.0 L Frontier, NV 114,500


5.0 L Titan XD 25,400 5.6 L NV

Armada, Titan; Infiniti QX80 Infiniti Q70

56,000 22,000 6,500

Hybrid/Electric 2.0 L plus permanent-magnet 30 kW electric motor developing 40 hp and 118 lb.-ft (160- Nm) of

torque with 202-volt Li-ion battery pack

Rogue Hybrid 12,000

3.5 L plus permanent-magnet 50kW electric motor developing 67 hp and 214 lb.-ft (290- Nm) of torque with 346-volt Li-ion

battery pack

Infiniti Q50 Hybrid, Q70 Hybrid 2,300

Electric motor plus 24 kWh Li-ion battery pack

Leaf 16,400

Notice: The blend of a wide variety of engines in Nissan’s lineup

Future: 85 percent of the powertrains produced by the Nissan and Renault alliance is shared by the two partners. Like Honda and Hyundai, Nissan continues to take advantage of a US market that is focused on light trucks as it decreases the number 4 cylinder engines and increases the number of 6 cylinder engines in its fleet. Nissan has a sound investment in electric technology. The Nissan Leaf is the second largest selling EV in the US behind Tesla. In 2011, Nissan was the first automaker with a modern electric car for the mass market. The 100% electric Leaf motor is powered exclusively by an advanced lithium-ion battery. The 2018 Leaf is expected to have a range of about 200 miles. For EVs, Nissan plans to focus on mass market vehicles rather than premium vehicles. Though they will develop and sell hybrids, Nissan’s main focus will be on EVs.

TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY Brands: Toyota, Lexus, Scion

Adjusted Fuel








1.5 L Yaris 24,000 1.8 L Corolla

Corolla Eco 452,000 4,000

2.0 L Turbo Lexus GS 200t, IS 200t, RC 200t, NX 200t

29,500

2.5 L Camry, RAV4 598,000 2.7 L Highlander

Tacoma 22,300 69,000


3.5 L Avalon, Camry; Lexus ES 350 Sienna Tacoma

Highlander Lexus GS 350, RX 350

Lexus IS 300, IS 350, RC 300, RC 350

141,500 152,900 156,500 204,600 49,000 62,000

4.0 L 4Runner 115,000 8 Cylinder (Liters of

Displacement)

4.6 L Tundra; Lexus GX 460 Lexus LS 460

46,500 31,000

5.0 L Lexus GSF, RCF 200 5.7 L Land Cruiser; Lexus LX 570

Sequoia, Tundra 27,000

121,000 Hybrid/Electric

1.5 L plus a 45 kW permanent-magnet electric synchronous

Prius c 9,500

electric motor developing 60 hp and 125 lb.-ft. (169 Nm) of

torque from a 144-volt Ni-MH battery pack

1.8 L plus a 53 kW perm magnet electric synchronous electric


600-volt NiMH battery pack

Prius, Prius Prime 89,000

1.8 L plus a 60 kW perm. magnet electric synchronous

electric motor developing 80 hp and 153 lb.-ft. (207 Nm) of

torque from a 650-volt NiMH battery pack

Prius v; Lexus 200CT h 60,000

2.5 L plus a 105 kW perm. magnet AC synchronous electric

motor developing 141 hp and 199-lb.-ft. (270 Nm) from a

244.8-volt NiMH battery pack

Avalon Hybrid, Camry Hybrid; Lexus ES 300h

38,400

2.5 L plus front-wheel 105 kW permanent-magnet AC

synchronous electric motor developing 141 hp and rear-wheel (AWD only) 50 kW permanent-magnet electric

motor developing 67 hp from a 244.8-volt NiMH battery pack

Lexus NX 300h 4,800

2.5 L plus a front-wheel 105 kW permanent-magnet AC

synchronous electric motor developing 141 hp and a rear-

wheel 50 kW permanent-magnet AC synchronous electric motor developing 67 hp, from a 244.8-

volt NiMH battery pack

RAV4 Hybrid 12,300

3.5 L plus front-wheel 123 kW permanent-magnet electric

motor developing 167 hp and rear-wheel (AWD only), 50 kW

permanent-magnet electric motor developing 68 hp from a


Highlander Hybrid 4,200

3.5 L plus front-wheel 123 kW permanent-magnet AC electric motor developing 167 hp and

rear-wheel (AWD only) 50 kW permanent-magnet AC electric motor developing 68 hp from a


Lexus RX450h 8,500

3.5 L plus a water-cooled 147 kW permanent-magnet AC synchronous electric motor

developing 197 hp from a 288-volt NiMH battery pack

Lexus GS 450h 100

5.0 L plus a water-cooled 165 kW permanent-magnet DC

electric motor developing 221 hp from a 288-volt NiMH

battery pack

Lexus LS 600h 100

Electric (fuel cell) plus hydrogen-fueled 114-kW

proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

Mirai 800

Notice: The strong influence of hybridization and the lack of turbocharging in Toyota’s lineup.

Future: Simlar to other Asian brands, Toyota continues to take advantage of a US market that is focused on light trucks as it decreases the number 4 cylinder engines and increases the number of 6 and 8cylinder engines in its fleet. Toyota is betting heavily on hydrogen electric as being the primary fuel for the future for both cars and trucks, with mass hybridization as the stepping stone. Toyota introduced the Mirai which is a hydrogen powered vehicle. One of the largest constraints of owning a hydrogen-powered vehicle in the U.S is the lack of fueling infrastructure. Hydrogen fuel stations are relatively non-existent outside of California. As of now, the company has set up partnerships to create these stations in the northeastern U.S. Toyota is also pushing towards plug-in hybrids. The Prius Prime was introduced by Toyota as one of the most efficient plug-in hybrids on the market. As EVs gain a bigger share of the global market, a hybridization strategy may be questioned.

VOLKSWAGEN GROUP Brands: VOLKSWAGEN, AUDI, BENTLEY

*Note: Volkswagen does not contain data measuring adjusted fuel economy, adjusted CO2 emissions, and footprint due to an ongoing investigation. Based on the original compliance data, Volkswagen values for adjusted fuel economy is 27.3 mpg and 325 g/mi for adjusted CO2 emissions. Volkswagen’s footprint data for the purpose of this report is currently unavailable.





1.4 L Turbo Jetta 13,700 1.8 L Turbo Alltrack, Beetle, Golf, Jetta,

Passat 163,400

2.0 L Turbo Audi A3 A3, A4, A6

Audi Allroad, A5, Q3, Q5, TT Beetle R, CC, Golf GTi, Golf R,

Jetta Gll Tiguan Audio S3, TTS

20,000 38,000

120,000 155,000

7,800


3.0 L Audi Q5 Audi S5, SQ5, A8 Audi A6, A7, Q7

5,800 6,200

16,500 3.6 L Passat, Touareg 3,500


4.0 L Turbo Audi S6, S7, A8t Audi RS7

Audi RS7 Performance

2,200 1,500 1,100

4.0 L Twin Turbo Bentley Continental Flying Spur V8

Bentley Continental GT V8, GT v8 S

Bentley Bentayga

400

400

300 6.8 L Twin Turbo Bentley Mulsanne, Mulsane

Speed 200


5.2 L Audi R8 300


6.0 L Twin Turbo Bentley Continental GT Speed, SuperSports

Bentley Continental GT, Flying Spur

Bentley Bentayga

500

500

500 6.8 L Twin Turbo Bentley Mulsanne, Mulsane

Speed 200

Hybrid/Electric 1.4 L plus a 75 kW AC

synchronous electric motor developing 102 hp and 243 lb.-ft. (330 Nm) of torque from a

1.1 kW/h, 220-volt Li-ion battery pack

Audi A3 e-tron 1,600

Electric motor plus a 35.8 kW/h, 330-volt Li-ion battery pack

e-Golf 4,500

Notice: The large amount of small displacement engines that are turbocharged in VW’s lineup. Also, the broad range of powertrains.

Future: Since the diesel-emissions scandal, Volkswagen decided to embrace battery-electric technology. They are planning to spend over $2 billion to support EV infrastructure in the US. Its new BUDD-e concept includes better range for electrics. Due to the larger range, the battery size increased. Therefore, new models were produced rather than models based off of existing ones. By 2020, the portfolio in the growing SUV segment will initially be expanded by adding more than 20 models, with simultaneous development of electrified models. Development activities up to 2025 will focus on more than 30 new electric vehicles. Globally, they plan to sell 2-3 million EVs by 2025.

• Ward’s Production Data: 2017 Light Vehicle Engines North American Availability and Specifications

• EPA: "Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 - 2016." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Nov 10 2016. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf

2016 company powertrain strategy information - … engine report.final_.pdf2016 company powertrain...

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