OklahomaEnergyAssurancePlan

June2016

ThismaterialisbaseduponworksupportedbytheDepartmentofEnergyunderAwardNumberDE-EE-0006219.

Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United StatesGovernment.NeithertheUnitedStatesGovernmentnoranyagencythereof,noranyoftheiremployees,makesanywarranty,expressorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would notinfringeprivatelyownedrights.Referencehereintoanyspecificcommercialproduct,process,orservicebytradename, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation,orfavoringbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyagencythereof.TheviewsandopinionsofauthorsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilystateorreflectthoseoftheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyagencythereof.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................................3

PERIODICREVIEWANDCHECK-OFF.............................................................................................................6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................7

EXECUTIVESUMMARY.................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................10

PURPOSEOFTHEPLAN.........................................................................................................................10

CONTENTSOFTHEPLAN.......................................................................................................................11

OVERVIEWOFENERGYASSURANCEPLANNING........................................................................................13

IDENTIFYINGANDCATEGORIZINGENERGYEMERGENCIES..................................................................13

TypesandPotentialCausesofEnergyEmergencies..........................................................................13

LevelsofEnergyShortage..................................................................................................................14

ENERGYASSURANCEANDTHEPHASESOFEMERGENCYMANAGEMENT............................................15

MONITORINGENERGYSUPPLYANDDEMAND.....................................................................................17

GeneralInformation..........................................................................................................................17

MonitoringElectricity........................................................................................................................18

MonitoringNaturalGas.....................................................................................................................19

MonitoringPetroleum.......................................................................................................................19

LEGALAUTHORITY.................................................................................................................................20

StateAuthority..................................................................................................................................20

FederalAuthority...............................................................................................................................21

LocalAuthority...................................................................................................................................22

ENERGYPROFILEFOROKLAHOMA............................................................................................................23

BACKGROUNDANDOVERVIEW............................................................................................................23

ELECTRICITYPROFILE.............................................................................................................................25

ElectricityProvidersinOklahoma......................................................................................................27

EnergyEfficiencyforElectricity.........................................................................................................37

RenewableEnergyforElectricity.......................................................................................................39

PETROLEUMPROFILE............................................................................................................................41

CrudeOilProducersinOklahoma......................................................................................................41

CrudeOil/PetroleumIndustryOversight...........................................................................................44

IndustryStakeholders........................................................................................................................45

NATURALGASPROFILE..........................................................................................................................45

NaturalGasProvidersinOklahoma...................................................................................................48

Inter-andIntrastateTransportationofNaturalGas.........................................................................50

TradeAssociations.............................................................................................................................53

EnergyEfficiencyforNaturalGas......................................................................................................53

CompressedNaturalGasforTransportation.....................................................................................53

COALPROFILE........................................................................................................................................54

PROPANEPROFILE.................................................................................................................................55

ENERGYVULNERABILITYASSESSMENTS....................................................................................................57

HistoricalAnalysisofEnergyEmergenciesinOklahoma.......................................................................57

InfrastructureVulnerabilitiesbyEnergySource....................................................................................61

ElectricInfrastructureVulnerabilities................................................................................................61

NaturalGasInfrastructureVulnerabilities.........................................................................................62

CrudeOilandPetroleumProductsInfrastructureVulnerabilities.....................................................63

CybersecurityPlanning..........................................................................................................................64

CybersecurityMeasuresintheElectricSector..................................................................................66

CybersecurityMeasuresintheNaturalGasSector...........................................................................68

CybersecurityMeasuresintheTelecommunicationsSector.............................................................70

ResponseandCommunicationafterCyberEvents............................................................................71

RegionalTransmissionOrganizations................................................................................................71

SectorInterdependencies.....................................................................................................................72

ENERGYEMERGENCYRESPONSIBILITIES...................................................................................................75

PUBLICSECTORSTAKEHOLDERS............................................................................................................75

StateAgencies...................................................................................................................................75

LocalAgencies....................................................................................................................................80

FederalAgencies................................................................................................................................80

ENERGYEMERGENCYCOMMUNICATIONSPROCEDURES.........................................................................84

INTERNALCOMMUNICATIONS..............................................................................................................84

EXTERNALCOMMUNICATIONS.............................................................................................................86

StateInformationFlow......................................................................................................................87

AlternativeOutletsforInformationFlow..........................................................................................87

CommunicationsIntegration.............................................................................................................87

ConceptofOperations.......................................................................................................................87

ResourceRequirements.....................................................................................................................89

DirectionandControl........................................................................................................................89

MITIGATING,TRACKING,ANDRESPONDINGTOENERGYEMERGENCIES.................................................90

ELECTRICITY...........................................................................................................................................90

PreparationandPreventativeMeasures...........................................................................................90

MitigationMeasuresandRestorationofElectricPowerAfterInterruptions....................................92

CRUDEOILANDPETROLEUMPRODUCTS.............................................................................................95

PreparationandPreventativeMeasures...........................................................................................95

MitigationMeasuresafterSupplyInterruptions...............................................................................97

NATURALGAS........................................................................................................................................98

PreparationandPreventativeMeasures...........................................................................................98

MitigationMeasuresAfterSupplyInterruptions...............................................................................99

CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................103

AppendixA:SupplyDisruptionTracking..................................................................................................104

ElectricSectorSupplyTracking............................................................................................................104

NaturalGasSectorSupplyTracking....................................................................................................105

PetroleumSectorSupplyTracking......................................................................................................105

AppendixB:CooperativesServingOklahoma.........................................................................................106

AppendixC:PublicCompressedNaturalGasFuelingStationLocations.................................................107

ElectricityEmergencyResponseMenu...............................................................................................123

PetroleumEmergencyResponseMenu..............................................................................................131

NaturalGasEmergencyResponseMenu............................................................................................137

AppendixE:Sperry-PiltzIceAccumulationIndex....................................................................................141

AppendixF:ImplementationActions......................................................................................................142

IssuingWaiversfromFederalMotorCarrierSafetyRegulationsinanEnergyEmergency.................142

RequestingaFuelsWaiver..................................................................................................................147

Thispageleftintentionallyblank

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PERIODICREVIEWANDCHECK-OFFAnannualreviewofthisplanshouldbeconductedtoupdatecontactinformation,lawandrulechanges,andenergy-relateddata.

DATE SIGNATURE

_______________,2013 _________________________

_______________,2014 _________________________

_______________,2015 _________________________

_______________,2016 _________________________

_______________,2017 _________________________

Ateach5-yearanniversaryoftheplan’swriting,considerafullplanupdateandre-write.

_______________,2018 _________________________

_______________,2019 _________________________

_______________,2020 _________________________

_______________,2021 _________________________

_______________,2022 _________________________

Ateach5-yearanniversaryoftheplan’swriting,considerafullplanupdateandre-write.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTheOklahomaStateEnergyOfficewould liketothanktheOklahomaCorporationCommission’sPublicUtilityDivisionandtheUniversityofOklahoma’sNationalInstituteforRiskandResilienceandCenterforRiskandCrisisManagementfortheirassistanceindraftingthisPlan.Manyother stakeholdersalsogave their timeandexpertiseduring thedraftingprocess. Inparticular,thefollowinggroupswereinstrumentalinprovidinginformationfororfeedbackonthePlan:

AEP-PublicServiceCompanyofOklahoma

AssociationofCentralOklahomaGovernments

CenterPointEnergy

Geo-EnergyServices

GrandRiverDamAuthority

NationalAssociationofStateEnergyOfficials(NASEO)

OklahomaAssociationofElectricCooperatives

OklahomaCorporationCommission• OilandGasDivision• PetroleumStorageTankDivision• PipelineSafetyOffice

OklahomaGas&ElectricCompany

OklahomaNaturalGasCompany

WesternFarmersElectricCooperative

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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

ThestateofOklahomaisrichinenergyresources,fromnaturalgas,tocrudeoil,towindandgeothermalenergy.Theseresources,aswellasadditionalout-of-statesourcessuchascoal,provideenergyfor3.7millionOklahomaresidents1,over300,000companies,andover3.5millionvehicles.Withthisdemandfor energy comes a responsibility for energy assurance--planning for and ensuring a reliable energysupplyforthestate,andplanningforandrespondingwhenenergydisruptionsandemergenciesoccur.

Each year, Oklahoma faces a variety of energy disruptions. Most of these disruptions are limited inscope, but at times energy disruptions extend over wider areas, impact large segments of thepopulation,orcan last for longperiodsof time, threateningthe life,health,andwelfareofOklahomaresidents and creating energy emergencies. These energy emergencies are highly complex, varying incause,form,duration,andseverity.Asof2016,Oklahomaisthethirdmost-disasterpronestateinthenation, asmeasured by the number of Disaster Declarations issued each year.2Given the number ofdisastersoccurring inOklahoma, theirpotential scopeandpublic risk,planning forand responding toenergy emergencies in the state ofOklahoma requires careful, coordinated action andmakes a stateEnergyAssurancePlancritical.

Governmentischargedwithensuringthesafetyandwell-beingofitscitizens,andinOklahoma,energyassurance responses are considered a subset of the overall state emergency response activities. Toaddress emergencies of all types, Oklahoma has an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) in place thatprovides, in cooperation with local and federal government and volunteer service organizations, asystem tomitigateagainst, prepare for, respond to, and recover from theeffectsofnational securityincidents and natural and technological hazards affecting the state. The EOP is maintained by theOklahomaDepartmentofEmergencyManagement(OEM).Thisplandefinestherolesoflocal,stateandfederal governmental entities in providing disaster relief and assistance; it also contains 15 Annexes,which assign responsibility to identified state agencies and volunteer service organizations duringspecifictypesofemergencies.EnergyemergencyresponsibilitiesareoutlinedintheEnergyAnnex,ESF-12.

The document below, the Oklahoma Energy Assurance Plan (EAP), is intended to complement thestate’sofficialEmergencyOperationsPlan’sEnergyAnnexbyprovidingdetailedbackgroundinformationabout Oklahoma’s energy landscape, a detailed description of how Oklahoma currently plans for,preventsandrespondstoenergyemergencies,andamenuofstrategiesforofficialsandstakeholderstoconsider as they prevent or manage these emergencies. The plan provides standard definitions for

1UnitedStatesCensusBureau,QuickFactsOklahoma,https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/40(June22,2016)2FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,DisasterDeclarationsbyState/TribalGovernment,http://www.fema.gov/disasters/grid/state-tribal-government(June1,2016).

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categorizingenergyemergencies,both in typeandseverity,andprovidesa framework fordelineatingphasesofenergyemergencyresponse;italsoprovidesreferenceinformationthatwillassistofficialsinclosely monitoring the conditions affecting energy supply and demand statewide and nationwide. Inaddition, theplanoutlines the legal authoritiesgranted to thevarious levelsof government—federal,stateandlocal—thatareresponsibleforallfourphasesofenergyassurance.

After providing an overall framework, the Energy Assurance Plan profiles each of Oklahoma’s majorenergy sectors—electricity, natural gas, and crude oil and petroleum—through the presentation ofinformation on energy consumption as well as provider production capacities, infrastructure undermanagement,andprogramsadministered.

Next,theplanassessesthestate’senergyvulnerabilitiesbyanalyzinghistoricaleventsinOklahomathathavecausedenergydisruptions. It thendiscussespotential infrastructurevulnerabilities in thevariousenergysectors,andoutlinesexamplesofsectorinterdependenciesbetweenenergysourcesthatshouldbe considered in energy planning activities, as these may affect recovery efforts during emergencysituations.

AfterprovidingadetailedviewofOklahoma’senergylandscape,theplanturnstoadetaileddescriptionoftheresponsibilitiesofthevariousgovernmentalagencies inrespondingtoanenergyemergency. Inparticular it discusses communication procedures between and across governmental agencies duringenergyemergencies,andexplainsthewayinwhichpublicinformationmustbedisseminatedtocitizensofOklahomaduringsuchevents.

The final section of the plan focuses on the specific response strategies for energy disruptions andemergencies:first,asetofpreventativestrategiesandmeasuresdesignedtomitigatetheimpactofanemergencypriortoitsoccurrence,andsecond,adetailedmenuofsupplyanddemandresponseoptionsthat officials may wish to consider should an energy emergency impact the state. This section alsodiscussescybersecurityplanning.

TheEnergyAssurancePlanis intendedforusebyallgovernmentalagencies,energysuppliers,andkeyservice providers who have responsibilities or essential capabilities for responding to energyemergencies.Theplanismeanttoserveasaguideratherthanalistof“one-size-fits-all”procedures.Inparticular, the latterportionof theplan,whichsuggestspotential responses toanenergyemergency,shouldbetreatedasa“menu”ofresponseoptionsfromwhichtoselectandimplement,ratherthanalistofstandardoperatingprocedures.WhilethisPlanattemptstoaddressthemostcommontypesofenergyemergenciesOklahomamayexperienceandoutlinesawidevarietyofmeasuresthatmightbeutilized to respond, the document does not claim to provide an exhaustive reviewof every potentialcauseofemergencynoreverypotentialremedy.

The Oklahoma State Energy Office, located within the Office of the Secretary of Energy andEnvironment,maintains coordination responsibility for Oklahoma’s Energy Assurance Plan. Questionsand comments about this plan can be directed at any time to Kylah McNabb at (405) 522-7226 orKylah.McNabb@ee.ok.gov.

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INTRODUCTION

PURPOSEOFTHEPLANDuringanygivenyear,thestateofOklahomafacesavarietyofenergydisruptions.Thevastmajorityofthese disruptions are limited in scope and quickly addressed by energy providers. As such, they arebarely newsworthy. Sometimes, however, energy disruptions extend over wider areas, impact largesegments of the population, or can last for lengthy periods of time, threatening the life, health, andwelfareofOklahomaresidents.Forinstance,inDecember2007Oklahomaexperiencedoneofthemostdisruptiveicestormsinthestate’shistory.Anestimated600,000homesandbusinessesacrossthestatewere without electricity for several days—many for a week, or more. The Oklahoma State MedicalExaminer’s Office reported 29 storm-related fatalities. Several of these fatalities were directlyattributabletothepoweroutages.

Eventsofthisnature,whichwerefertoasenergyemergencies,arehighlycomplexandcomeinmanyforms. Types of energy emergencies range from blackouts and pipeline explosions to petroleumshortages.Addingtothiscomplexity,therearemanydifferentcausesofenergyemergencies—includingspikes in demand during peak energy use, unanticipated power plant or refinery shutdowns,transmissionsystemcongestion,andnaturaldisasters.Giventhisexpansivescope,inherentcomplexity,and public risk, planning for and responding to energy emergencies in the state of Oklahoma oftenrequiresgovernmentaction.

Toaddressemergenciesofalltypes,theStateofOklahomahasanEmergencyOperationsPlan(EOP)3inplace which provides, in cooperation with local and federal government and volunteer serviceorganizations, a system tomitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects ofnational security incidents and natural and technological hazards affecting the state. The EOP ismaintainedbytheOklahomaDepartmentofEmergencyManagement(OEM).Thisplandefinestherolesof local, state and federal governmental entities in providing disaster relief and assistance; it alsocontains 15 Annexes, which are Emergency Support Functions (ESF’s) that assign responsibility toidentified state agencies/departments and volunteer service organizations during specific types ofemergencies—energyemergencyresponsibilitiesareoutlinedinESF-12.

The document below, the Oklahoma Energy Assurance Plan (EAP), is intended to complement thestate’sofficialEmergencyOperationsPlan,EnergyAnnex(ESF-12)byprovidingbackgroundinformationaboutOklahoma’s energy landscape, a detailed description of howOklahoma currently prevents andrespondstoenergyemergencies,andamenuofstrategiesforofficialsandstakeholderstoconsideras

3AcompletecopyofOklahoma’sEOPcanbefoundathttp://www.ok.gov/OEM/Programs_&_Services/Planning/State_Emergency_Operations_Plan_-_EOP.html.

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they prevent and manage those emergencies. The Energy Assurance Plan is intended for use by allgovernmental agencies, energy suppliers, and key service providers who have responsibilities oressentialcapabilitiesforrespondingtoenergyemergencies.Theplanismeanttoserveasaguideratherthanalistof“one-size-fits-all”proceduresthatcanbegenericallyappliedwithoutregardfortheuniquecircumstancessurroundingeachemergency.Inparticular,thelatterportionoftheplan,whichsuggestspotentialresponsestoanenergyemergency,shouldbetreatedasa“menu”ofresponseoptionsfromwhichtoselectandimplement,ratherthanalistofstandardoperatingprocedures.

Oklahoma’s EnergyAssurancePlanwasdrafted in a collaborative effort betweenpublic agencies andprivate stakeholders.More information about those involved in thewriting of this document can befoundontheAcknowledgementspage.

Forthisplantobeaneffectivetool,closecommunicationamonggovernmentagenciesandbetweentheagencies and private sector stakeholders is critical. Many of these communications channels are inplace;thesearenotedintheappropriatesectionsofthePlan.Inothercases,communicationschannelsare less formalbutneverthelesscritical tomaintain inorder to facilitateaneffective responseshouldemergencies arise. Key governmental contacts for energyemergency responsearemaintainedby theOffice of EmergencyManagement (OEM), by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, the OklahomaState Energy Office, and through a password-protected website hosted by the U.S. Department ofEnergy.Detailedenergy industry contact listsare required tobeprovided to theStateannuallybyallregulated energy companies, and aremaintained by the Public Information Officer of the OklahomaCorporationCommission.

ToensurethePlanremainsuptodateandfunctionalasanemergencyplanningdocument,eachyearata minimum, the contact list and data portions of the plan will be reviewed and updated by theOklahomaStateEnergyOffice.Changeswillbenotedontheupdatelogonpage6.

The Oklahoma State Energy Office, located within the Office of the Secretary of Energy andEnvironment,maintains coordination responsibility for Oklahoma’s Energy Assurance Plan. Questionsand comments about this plan can be directed at any time to Kylah McNabb at (405) 522-7226 orKylah.McNabb@ee.ok.gov.

CONTENTSOFTHEPLANWiththepreviousdiscussioninmind,thefollowingsectionscomprisetheEnergyAssurancePlan(EAP)forthestateofOklahoma.

First,thePlansetsthestageforenergyassuranceplannersinOklahoma.Itprovidesstandarddefinitionsfor categorizing energy emergencies, both in type and severity, and provides a framework fordelineatingphasesofenergyemergencyresponse;italsoprovidesreferenceinformationthatwillassistofficialsincloselymonitoringtheconditionsaffectingenergysupplyanddemandstatewide,regionally,

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andnationwide. Inaddition, this sectionoutlines the legalauthoritiesgranted to thevarious levelsofgovernment—federal,stateandlocal—thatareresponsibleforallfourphasesofenergyassurance.

After providing the overall framework for energy assurance planning, the EAP profiles each ofOklahoma’smajor energy sectors—electricity, natural gas, and crudeoil andpetroleum—through thepresentation of information on energy consumption as well as provider production capacities,infrastructureundermanagement,andprogramsadministered.

Next, the Plan provides an assessment of Oklahoma’s energy vulnerabilities by analyzing historicalevents in Oklahoma that have caused energy disruptions. It then discusses potential infrastructurevulnerabilities in the various energy sectors, and outlines examples of sector interdependenciesbetween energy sources that should be considered in energy planning activities, as thesemay affectrecoveryeffortsduringemergencysituations.

In the following section, the Plan turns to a detaileddescriptionof the responsibilities of the variousgovernmentalagenciesthathaveresponsibilitiesintheeventofanenergyemergency.

The Energy Emergency Communications Procedures section of the Plan moves on to discusscommunication procedures between and across governmental agencies during energy emergencies.Afterdiscussinginternalcommunication,thePlanexplainsthewayinwhichpublicinformationmustbedisseminatedtocitizensofOklahomaduringenergyemergencies.

ThefinalsectionofthePlanfocusesonthespecificresponsestrategiesforenergyevents:first,asetofpreventative strategies andmeasures designed tominimize the impact of an emergency prior to itsoccurrence,andsecond,adetailedmenuofsupplyanddemandresponseoptionsthatofficialsmaywishto consider should an energy emergency impact the state. This section also discusses cybersecurityplanning.

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OVERVIEWOFENERGYASSURANCEPLANNING

IDENTIFYINGANDCATEGORIZINGENERGYEMERGENCIESEnergyemergenciescome inmany forms;however,mostemergenciescanbecategorized intooneoftwo types—service interruptions or supply shortages. Though we often treat these two types ofemergenciesasiftheyweremutuallyexclusive,itisimportanttorecognizethatonetypeofemergencycan also lead to another or they can both occur simultaneously. For example, significant supplyshortagescanleadtoserviceinterruptions.

TypesandPotentialCausesofEnergyEmergencies

ServiceInterruptionsSometimestheprovisionofenergyserviceisinterrupted,andpublicdemandforenergycannotbemetatanyprice.Thistypeofemergencyisgenerallycausedbydamagetolocaldistributioninfrastructure.Accordingly,responsemeasuresusuallyinvolverepairingthedamagedinfrastructure.Inallbutthemostextreme instances, governmental response to a service interruption is limited because energycompaniesareresponsibleforrepairingtheirownsystems.Assuch,thegovernment’sroleisoftenoneofsupportratherthandirectaction.

Although many variables can lead to infrastructure damage, some of the most common causes ofdamage to local energy infrastructure in Oklahoma include inclement weather (lightning, wind,tornados, ice, flooding, drought, etc.), earthquakes, accidental damage during construction, and/ormechanicalfailureduetofaultyoragingtransmissionordistributionlines.

SupplyShortagesInother instances, anenergyemergency can take the formof a shortage.Petroleumandnatural gasshortagestypifythiskindofemergency.Duringsuchemergencies,energysuppliesbecomeinsufficientortooexpensivetomeetpublicdemand.Whereasthesolutiontoservice interruptionsoftenrequiresthe repairof local infrastructure, responses to supply shortagesgenerally involve increasing supplyordecreasingdemand. Insuch instancesstateofficialsoftenplayamoresignificantrole,byencouragingreductionsinconsumptionortemporarilyliftingconstraintsonthesupplyofenergyresources.

Thelistofvariablesthatcouldcauseasupplyshortageisalsoquitelengthy.Fororganizationalpurposes,they can be divided into two categories—causes that limit the supply of energy and causes thatstimulate an abnormal spike in demand. Factors thatmight limit the supply of energy includemajorinfrastructuredamagelikepipelineexplosionsornaturaldisastersthatimpairrefineries;disruptionsintransportation caused by tanker groundings, damage to railways, or unsuitable driving conditions;and/or international events that radically increase the price or curtail the supply of energy from our

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tradingpartnersabroad.Variablesthatcouldcausespikes indemand includeeconomicupswingsthatspurdramatic increasesinconsumption,abnormalweatherpatterns(suchasextremeheatorcoldforprolongedperiodsof time) thatbringaboutanunexpected increase indemand forelectricity,and/orcrisisevents(suchasSeptember11,2001)thatstrikefearanduncertaintyinthegeneralpubliccausingthemtostock-uponfuelandotherresources.

LevelsofEnergyShortageEfforts to respond to an energy emergencymust correspondwith the severity of the crisis. In otherwords, state officials must consider the seriousness of the emergency prior to selecting andimplementing appropriate response measures. For conceptual purposes, we draw from NationalAssociationofStateEnergyOfficials(NASEO)guidelines4todefinefourlevelsofenergyshortages.Theselevelsareintendedtobebroadguidelines,whichillustratethefactthatshortagesdifferwithregardtoseverity. In reality, the severity of each energy emergency is multidimensional and will require aqualitativeassessmentpriortocategorization.Thisqualitativeassessmentshouldincludealookatthenumberofpeople(meters)affected,thevulnerabilityoftheaffectedpopulation,andthecircumstancessurrounding the incident.For instance,evenashortelectricaloutageduringanextremelycoldwinterdaycanbemoreseverethanasustainedoutageinthefallorspring.

Level1:NormalConditions• Nodiscernableshortage.

Level2:MildShortage

• 5-10%reductioninpetroleumsupplyforaweekormore.• 5-10%reductioninnaturalgasnominations.• Localizedinfrastructuredamagecausingshort-terminterruptionsinelectric

transmission/distribution.• Noimmediatethreattopublichealth,safety,welfare,and/oreconomicvitality.

Level3:ModerateShortage• 10-15%reductioninpetroleumproductsforthreeweeksormore.• 10-15%reductioninnaturalgasnominations.• Curtailmentsbylocalgasdistributioncompaniesfortwoweeksormore.• Severeinfrastructuredamagecausingwidespreadinterruptionsinelectric

transmission/distribution.• Situationthreatenstodisruptordiminishpublichealth,safety,welfare,and/oreconomic

vitality.

Level4:SevereShortage• Greaterthan15%reductionintheavailabilityofpetroleumproductsand/ornaturalgasformore

4NationalAssociationofStateEnergyOfficials,StateEnergyAssuranceGuidelines,http://www.naseo.org/eaguidelines/(June7,2016).

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thantwoweeks.• Severedropsinnaturalgasnominationsorotherproductionproblems.• Severeinfrastructuredamagecausingwidespreadinterruptionsinelectric

transmission/distributionthatextendforseveralweeks.• Situationposesanimmediatethreattopublichealth,safety,welfare,and/oreconomicvitality.

Again, itshouldbenotedthatclassifyinganemergencyasoneleveloranotherisasmuchamatterofqualitative judgmentas it isamatterofquantitativeorobjectivedefinition.Likewise,movementfromone level to another is not necessarily linear or incremental. There are cases where conditions canescalatefromnormalormildtosevereinamatterofhours.

ENERGYASSURANCEANDTHEPHASESOFEMERGENCYMANAGEMENTDuetothecomplexandpotentiallycatastrophicnatureofenergyemergencies,managingthemrequiresthatgovernmentalofficials lookbeyondthetraditional ideaofemergencyresponseplanning,which ispredominantly reactive, towards energy assurance as a whole, which incorporates a number ofproactive and preemptive actions designed to prepare for emergencies prior to their occurrence,mitigatetheirpotentialimpact,andlearnfromthemaftergovernmentalactionhasbeentaken.

AsdefinedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE),energyassuranceinvolvesavastarrayofactivitiesthatfall intothreemaincategories:preparationandplanning,mitigationandresponse,andeducationandoutreach.Preparationandplanning involve identifyingkeyassetsandpoints-of-contact,designingandupdatingenergyemergencyresponseplans,trainingpersonnel,andconductingexercisesthattesttheeffectivenessof responseplans.Mitigationand responseactivities includemonitoringevents thatmay affect energy supplies, assessing the severity of disruptions, providing situational awareness,coordinating restoration efforts, and tracking recoveries. Education and outreach activities includecommunicating and coordinating with key stakeholders, increasing public awareness, and formingpartnershipsacrosssectorsandjurisdictions.

With this definition inmind, theNational Association of State EnergyOfficials (NASEO) suggests thatenergyassuranceincludethefourphasesdepictedinFigure1. Intheearlyphases,governmentactionrevolves around preparedness and mitigation. In the later phases, governmental action involvesrespondingtoandrecoveringfromtheenergyemergency,aswellaslearningfromtheeventitself.Asacriticalbackgroundtoeachphase,theagencieschargedwithrespondingtoanemergencymusthaveasmuch information as possible, which enables an up-to-date understanding of the situation on theground,anin-depthunderstandingoftheenergyprofileinOklahoma,adetailedfamiliaritywithcriticalinfrastructure andpotential vulnerabilities, aswell as a keen awarenessof statehistory andpreviousevents.Allofthisinformationshouldbecarefullyconsideredwhenmakingkeydecisionsateachofthefourphasesofemergencymanagement.

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Figure1:TheFourPhasesofEnergyAssurance

PhaseI:MonitorandAlertPhase I involves the ongoing monitoring of energy supplies, public demand, and prices. During thisphase, State agencies continuously monitor data and information as it becomes available throughenergysupplyreportingsystems,payingspecialattentiontosupplyanddistributionproblems.

PhaseII:AssessandDetermineActionInPhaseII,havingnoticedearlysigns indicatingapotentialenergyemergency,governmentalagenciesintensify their data and information collection efforts in order to ensure that theyhave thebest andmost recent information. This data then is used to evaluate the potential severity of the upcomingemergency, to locate thepopulation that is likely tobe influenced, and todeterminewhetherornotgovernmentalactionisnecessary.

PhaseIII:ActionsandFeedbackIfthedecisionismadethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytoensurethehealth,welfare,andsafetyofOklahoma citizens, and the continued economic vitality of the state, Phase III activity begins.GovernmentalactionsduringPhaseIII,whichissometimesreferredtoasthe“response”phase,include:

• Increasingthelevelofcommunicationamongstateagenciesandthepublic• Conveningemergencyplanningandresponseorganizationstoconsideractionsthatmightbetakenbythevariousstatedepartmentsandagencies

• Implementingvoluntaryprogramstomaximizetheavailabilityofenergysuppliesand/orprogramsdesignedtoreduceexistingdemand

• Ifthenatureoftheprobleminvolvesmultiplestates,informationsharingamongstateenergycoordinators

• Ifimplementationofvoluntaryprogramsorotheremergencydeterrentactionsfailtomitigatetheemergency,beginimplementingadditionalactions

• Ifthesituationcontinuestodeteriorate,recommendingthata“StateofEnergyEmergency”bedeclaredbytheGovernor,whichwillenableadvancedresponsemeasuresandactivatefederalassistance(ifnecessary)

• Continuedmonitoringofenergysupplyanddemandtodetermineifgovernmentalactioniseffective

Phase1:MonitorandAlert

Phase2:AssessandTakeAction

Phase4:ReviewLessonsLearned

Phase3:ActionsandFeedback

INFORMATION

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PhaseIV:ReviewLessonsLearnedAsemergencyoperationsarephasedout, stateagencies thoroughlyevaluate theiractionsand reportthe results to interested parties such as the Governor’s Office, cabinet level officers, legislativecommitteesandenergypolicycouncils.Theseevaluationsshouldinclude:

• Reportsdescribingthenatureoftheenergyemergencyandachronologyoftheactionstakentorespondtoit

• Anevaluationofthedifferentresponsemeasurestaken,withaspecificfocusoneffectivenessandtimeliness

• Acriticalreviewoftheoverallperformanceofthestate’senergyassuranceplaninaddressingthatparticularemergency

MONITORINGENERGYSUPPLYANDDEMANDThe information sources below provide reliable information for energy planners that can be used tomonitor or predict energy supplies or situations thatmay occur. Bymaintaining an understanding ofenergymarketsandenvironmentalconditions,stateplannersandresponderswillbebetterpreparedtoaddress shortage or emergency situations that may arise. A full discussion of the supply disruptiontrackingsystemputinplaceinOklahomacanbefoundinAppendixA.

Inaddition to thesegeneral sourcesof information,Oklahomahas fivedesignatedenergyemergencyassurance coordinators who receive regular updates regarding energy security issues, daily newssummaries, emergency situation reports, lessons learned from other states, and links to outage andcurtailment information. This password-protected site is maintained and administered by the U.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sOfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability.AfulldiscussionoftheroleofOklahoma’senergyemergencyassurancecoordinatorscanbefoundintheCommunicationsSectionofthisPlan.

GeneralInformationEnergyInformationAdministration(http://www.eia.gov)Provides awide rangeof information anddata covering energyproduction, stocks, demand, imports,exports,andprices;andpreparesanalysesandspecialreportsontopicsofcurrentinterest.

MonthlyEnergyReview(http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/index.cfm)Amonthly publication about recent energy statistics; includes total energy production, consumption,and trade; energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy,renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data unit conversionvalues.

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EnergyAssuranceDaily(http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/ead.aspx)Providesasummaryofpublicinformationconcerningcurrentenergyissues;publishedMondaythroughFridaytoinformstakeholdersofdevelopmentsaffectingenergysystems,flows,andmarkets,itprovideshighlightsofenergyissuesratherthanacomprehensivecoverage;coversmajorenergydevelopmentsinelectricity,petroleum,andnaturalgasindustries;energyprices;andotherrelevantnews.

EmergencySituationReports(http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/emergency_sit_rpt.aspx)Contains impact studies on the disruption to energy infrastructure caused bymajor disasters such ashurricanes,the2003blackout,westcoastwildfires,etc.

NOAA(http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/cdus/degree_days/)TheNationalWeatherServiceandNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationprovidesdataoncooling and heating degree days; this can be helpful to anticipate extreme weather conditions thatcreatepeakloadsontheelectricalgenerationsystemorincreasesindemandforgasforspaceheating.

NationalWeatherCenter(http://www.ou.edu/nwc)The University of Oklahoma hosts the NationalWeather Center, which is a unique confederation ofUniversityofOklahoma,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandstateorganizationsthatworktogetherinpartnershiptoimproveunderstandingofeventsoccurringinEarth’satmosphereoverawiderangeoftimeandspace.TheNationalWeatherCenterhasplayedakeyroleinweatherforecastingduringpreviousOklahomaemergenciesandremainsavaluablelocalresource.

MonitoringElectricityElectricPowerMonthly(http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/index.cfm)Monthly report on electricity sales and electricity production, including thequantity of fuel used andkilowatt-hourproduced;thereportispublishedbystate,month,andsector.

QuarterlyCoalReport(http://www.eia.gov/coal/index.cfm)Quarterlyreportthatliststheamountofcoalconsumedineachstateandthepricepaidbyeachsector;estimatesleveloffuelinventoriesbyeachutility;reportedbythenumberofdaysofsupplyonhandateachlocationforcoal-andoil-firedplants.

RegionalSystemReliabilityForecast(http://www.nerc.com/pa/RAPA/Pages/default.aspx)TheNorthAmericanElectricReliabilityCorporation(NERC)publishesannualreportsofregionalsystemreliability that assess regional reserve margins by comparing net system availability with peak loadprojectionsandsystem-poolreserveavailability.

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ElectricEmergencyIncidentandDisturbanceReport(http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/oe417.aspx)Provides information on electric emergency incidents and disturbances. Used by the Department ofEnergytofulfill itsoverallnationalsecurityandotherenergyemergencymanagementresponsibilities,aswellasforanalyticalpurposes.

MonitoringNaturalGasNaturalGasMonthly(http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_monthly/ngm.html)Providesdataonnaturalandsupplementalgasproduction, supply, consumption,disposition, storage,imports,exports,andpricesintheUnitedStates;thereportispublishedbystate,month,andsector.

CNGNow(http://www.cngnow.com)ProvidesinformationonthelocationandpriceofCompressedNaturalGasforvehiclefuelnationwide.

U.S.DepartmentofTransportation,Pipeline&HazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration(http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/library/data-stats/pipelineincidenttrends)Providesinformationonpipelineincidentsthatmayaffectsupplybystate.

MonitoringPetroleumEIAReports(http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/reports.cfm?t=214)TheEIAcollectsandanalyzesahostofdataonpetroleumprices,inventories,aswellaspublicdemand;reportsareavailableonaweekly,monthly,andyearlybasis.

AmericanPetroleumInstitute(http://www.api.org/products-and-services/statistics)The API published information on the average price of gasoline at the pump, the countries the U.S.importsofoilandproductfrom,aswellasstatemotorfueltaxrates.

FederalHighwayAdministration(http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/quickfinddata/qffuel.cfm)TheFHApublishesdataontheamountofmotorfuelusagethroughouttheUnitedStates;providedonamonthlyandannualbasis.

GasBuddy(http://www.gasbuddy.com)Providesinformationonthelowestavailablepriceofgasolineanddieselfuelbycityandstate.

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LEGALAUTHORITYThisportionoftheplanidentifiestheprimarysourcesoflegalauthorityforresponsetoanemergencyinthestateofOklahoma.

StateAuthorityOklahomaEmergencyManagementAct(63O.S.§683.1-683.24)This2003lawreplacedtheOklahomaCivilDefenseandEmergencyResourcesManagementActof1967as the primary state law detailing emergency management in Oklahoma. It declared the policy ofOklahomatobethatallemergencymanagementandhazardmitigationfunctionsofthestatearetobecoordinatedtothemaximumextentwiththecomparable functionsof thefederalgovernment,of theother states and localities, and of private agencies of every type, to the end that themost effectivepreparation and use may be made of available workforce, resources and facilities for dealing withdisasterandhazardmitigation.Eachstateagency,board,commission,departmentorotherstateentityhavingresponsibilitieseitherindicatedinthestateEmergencyOperationsPlanmusthavewrittenplansandprocedures inplace toprotect individualemployees,administratorsandvisitors fromnaturalandman-madedisastersandemergenciesoccurringattheirworkplace.Allsuchplansandproceduresaremade in concurrence with OEM, which is responsible for establishing an OEM Guidebook titled theEmergencyStandardOperatingProcedures.Eachstateagency,board,commission,departmentorotherstateentitymustprovideanannualreportonthestatusoftheiremergencymanagementprogramtoOEM.OEMthenmustcompileandintegrateallreportsintoareporttotheGovernorandLegislatureonthestatusofstateemergencypreparedness.

OklahomaEmergencyResponseAct(27AO.S.§4-1-101-4-1-106)Thepurposeof this1993Act is toprovidearapid,coordinatedandeffectivenetwork for responsetodangeroussubstanceincidentsoreventsnecessarytoprotectthepublichealthandsafetyofthisstateand to preserve property. It also seeks to provide direction and information to responders for themanagement of dangerous substance incidents or events and to reduce the duplication of effortbetweenlocal,county,andstateentities.Finally,theActsoughttoorganize,prepareandcoordinateallstate available manpower, materials, supplies, equipment, facilities and services necessary fordangeroussubstanceresponse.

OklahomaEmergencyPriceStabilizationAct(15O.S.§777.1)In1999,OklahomaenactedtheOklahomaPriceStabilizationActtopreventunwarrantedpriceincreasesshortlyafter theoccurrenceofadisaster in thestate.Once theGovernororPresidenthasdeclaredastate of emergency, the bill prohibits prices from rising more than 10 percent in the covered area.Violatorswillfaceuptoayearinprisonandafineofupto$1,000,aswellaspenaltiesofupto$10,000andrestitution.

OklahomaHomelandSecurityAct(74O.S.§51-51.3)TheOklahomaHomelandSecurityActwasestablishedtorespondtoactsofterrorismthatmayoccurinthestate.TheActcreated theOklahomaOfficeofHomelandSecurity (OKOHS)aswellasestablishingthepositionofHomelandSecurityDirectortoheadtheoffice.TheGovernorisappointedasthestate’s

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chief counterterrorism official and places administrative responsibility on the director. Among otherthings, OKOHS is tasked with developing, coordinating, implementing, and administering acomprehensivestateplanforrespondingtoeventssuchasactsofterrorism,publichealthemergencies,cyberterrorism,orincidentsinvolvingweaponsofmassdestruction.Likewise,theActdesignatesOKOHSas theagencyresponsible fordeveloping interoperablepublicsafetycommunicationsplanning for thestate.

FederalAuthorityHomelandSecurityPresidentialDirective5(HSPD-5)ThisdirectiveenhancestheabilityoftheUnitedStatestomanagedomesticincidentsbyestablishingasingle, comprehensive National Incident Management System (NIMS). It requires all federaldepartmentsandagenciestocooperatewiththeSecretaryofHomelandSecuritybyprovidingtheirfulland prompt cooperation, resources, and support as appropriate and consistent with their ownresponsibilities for protecting the nation’s security. This action also directed the development of theNational Response Framework (NRF),whichwas established to align Federal coordination structures,capabilities, and resources into aunified, all-discipline, andall-hazards approach todomestic incidentmanagement. Additionally, the NRF directs that state, local and tribal governments and non-governmental organizationsutilizeNRF-established incident reportingprotocols,modify existingplansto ensure alignmentwith the NRF, and notify the Secretary of Homeland Security of any substantialconflictsbetweentheNRFandstateortribalgovernmentlawsorregulation.

PresidentialPolicyDirective21--CriticalInfrastructureSecurityandResilience(PPD-21)IssuedinFebruary2013,thisdirectiverevokesHomelandSecurityPresidentialDirective7(HSPD-7)andestablishes a national policy on critical infrastructure security and resilience, structured around threestrategicimperatives:1)torefineandclarifyfunctionalrelationshipsacrosstheFederalGovernmenttoadvance the national unity of effort to strengthen critical infrastructure security and resilience; 2) toenable effective information exchangeby identifying baseline data and systems requirements for theFederalGovernment;and3)toimplementanintegrationandanalysisfunctiontoinformplanningandoperationsdecisionsregardingcritical infrastructure.ThedirectiverequirestheSecretaryofHomelandSecurity to: develop a description of the functional relationships within DHS and across the FederalGovernmentrelatedtocritical infrastructuresecurityandresiliencebyJune2013;analyzetheexistingpublic-private partnership model and recommend options for improving the effectiveness of thepartnership inboththephysicalandcyberspacesbyJuly2013;conveneateamofexperts to identifybaselinedataandsystemsrequirementstoenabletheefficientexchangeofinformationandintelligencerelevant to strengthening the security and resilience of critical infrastructure by August 2013;demonstrate a near real-time situational awareness capability for critical infrastructure by October2013;createbyOctober2013asuccessortotheNationalInfrastructureProtectionPlanthataddressesthe implementation of PPD-21, the requirements of Title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 asamended,andalignmentwith theNationalPreparednessGoalandSystemrequiredbyPPD-8;andbyFebruary2015createaNationalCriticalInfrastructureSecurityandResilienceR&DPlanthattakesintoaccount the evolving threat landscape, annual metrics, and other relevant information to identifyprioritiesandguideR&Drequirementsandinvestments.

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RobertT.StaffordDisasterReliefandEmergencyAssistanceActTheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA),followingapresidentialdeclarationofemergencyormajordisaster,providesassistanceandmayrequireotherFederalagenciestoprovideresourcesandpersonnel to support state and local emergency and disaster assistance efforts. Requests for apresidential declaration of an emergency or major disaster must be made by the Governor of theaffectedstatebasedonafindingbytheGovernorthatthesituationisofsuchseverityandmagnitudethateffectiveresponseisbeyondthecapabilitiesofthestate.DOEsupportsDHS/FEMAreliefeffortsbyassistingfederal,state,andlocalgovernmentandindustrywiththeireffortstorestoreenergysystemsindisasterareas.Whennecessary,DOEalsomaydeployresponsestafftodisastersites.DOEistheleadagency directing Emergency Support Function-12 (Energy), which assists the restoration of energysystems andprovides an initial point-of-contact for the activation anddeployment ofDOE resources.These activities are performed pursuant to the Stafford Act and HSPD-5 (Management of DomesticIncidents)andNationalResponsePlan(NRP).

Athoroughlistingoffederalacts,authorizations,andreferencescanbefoundinAppendixCoftheStateEnergyAssuranceGuidelines developedby theNational Association of State EnergyOfficials (NASEO)(Version3.1,December2009).5

LocalAuthorityOklahoma statutes require that all incorporated jurisdictions in the state develop emergencymanagement programs. County jurisdictions are also required to have a qualified emergencymanagementdirector.AcompletelistoftheseemergencymanagementdirectorscanbefoundontheOfficeofEmergencyManagement’swebsite.6Anyincorporatedmunicipalitymusteitherhavetheirownemergencymanagementdirectororcreateanagreementwiththecountyforemergencymanagementservices.Theseemergencymanagementorganizationsmustdeveloplocalemergencyoperationsplansthat includepreparedness,response,recoveryandmitigation.Theseplansmustbebasedonahazardand riskassessment. Finally, the statute requires that localities coordinate theirplanswith state levelofficials.7

In the case that an emergency occurs which is too great for the locality to deal with unassisted,Oklahoma statute also provides for local emergencymanagement directors to enter intomutual aidagreements for reciprocalemergencymanagementaidandassistance.Localitiesmayworkwithotherpublicorprivateagencies inthestate,and ifgrantedapprovalbythegovernor,workwithemergencymanagementorganizationsinborderingstates.

5NationalAssociationofStateEnergyOfficials,StateEnergyAssuranceGuidelines,http://www.naseo.org/eaguidelines/(June7,2016).6OklahomaOfficeofEmergencyManagement,OklahomaEmergencyManagementDirectors,http://www.ok.gov/OEM/documents/012011localem.pdf(June7,2016).72006O.S.§ 683.11:Localemergencymanagementorganization–Functions-Contracts

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ENERGYPROFILEFOROKLAHOMA

ThissectionoftheplanprovidesasummarydescriptionofOklahoma’senergyuseandexpendituresinordertofamiliarizeofficialswiththerelativeriskforeachenergysectorduringanenergyincident.Thissection also provides a brief look at critical energy infrastructure in order to help officials focus onpotential vulnerabilities. A more detailed list of critical energy infrastructure is available in asupplementary document that is classified for security purposes. For purposes of organization, thissectionbeginswithabrief summaryofenergy supplyanddemand inOklahomaand thenbreaksouteachenergysectorintoindividualsubsections.

BACKGROUNDANDOVERVIEWOklahomaishometoabundantenergyresources.SignificantoilandnaturalgasfieldscanbefoundinOklahoma’sAnadarko,Arkoma,andArdmoregeologicbasins,andsmallcoaldepositslieintheArkomaBasinandtheCherokeePlatform,bothineasternOklahoma.Oklahomaalsohashydroelectricpotentialinseveralriverbasins,aswellaswindandsolarpotential,especiallyinthewesternportionofthestate.

Oklahoma’seconomyisdeeplyconnectedwiththeoilandgasindustry.Inthe20thcentury,severaloiland gas exploration and production booms produced sustained economic development inOklahoma.Although production from theOklahoma oil and gas industry has declined over several decades, theindustry remains a considerable source of employment and revenue, in part because in 1992, theOklahomaStateLegislaturecreatedtheCommissiononMarginallyProducingOilandGasWellswhichhelpsoperatorssustainproductionfrommarginallyproducingwells.

Inrecentyears,technologicaladvancementsinoilandnaturalgasextractionandtheproductionofwindenergyhaveincreasedtheenergypotentialofthestate.Innaturalgas,forexample,innovationssuchashorizontal drilling and increased hydraulic fracturing have allowed Oklahoma companies to accesspreviouslyuntappedresources.However,theincreaseinsupplyhasdrivendownnaturalgaspricesovertime.Likewise, improvements inturbinetechnologyhaveinducedenergycompaniesto investmoreinwindresources,whichhas increasedthepercentageofpower that thestate receives fromrenewableresources.

In2013,Oklahomansconsumedapproximately421millionBtuofenergypercapita,whichranks10thintheU.S.Intotal,thisamountedto1,623trillionBtuofenergyconsumedinthestate,whenaccountingforconsumptionminus86.8trillionBtuofnetinterstateflowofelectricity(Oklahomaisanexporterofelectricity).Oklahoma’shigher-than-averagepercapitaenergyconsumptionisdueinparttothestate’srobust, yet energy-intensiveoil andgas industry. It is alsodue inpart toOklahoma’snatural climate,whichcanbringbothextremeheatinthesummerandcoldinthewinter,drivinguptheneedforclimatecontrolinresidencesandbusinesses.

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Figure2:OklahomaEnergyConsumptionbyFuelSource,2013(trillionBtu)

Source:U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,EnergyConsumptionOverview:EstimatesbyEnergySourceandEnd-UseSector,2013,http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_sum/html/pdf/sum_btu_1.pdf(June21,2016).

Bysector,Oklahoma’sindustrialsectoristheheaviestenergyuser,consuming587.5trillionBtuin2015,orapproximately36%ofthestatetotal.Bycomparison,thetransportationsectorconsumedabout28%,the residential sector consumed approximately 20%, and the commercial sector consumedapproximately16%ofthestate’senergytotal(seeFigure3).

Figure3:OklahomaEnergyConsumptionbyEnd-UseSector,2013(trillionBtu)

Source:U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaStateProfileandEnergyEstimates,http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=OK#tabs-2(May31,2016).

335.9

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Residen'al20%

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Furtheranalyzingresidentialconsumptionbyheatingsource,approximately53%ofOklahomahomesareheatedbynaturalgas,approximately37%areheatedbyelectricity,andapproximately7%ofresidentsrelyonliquefiedpetroleumgasesforheat.Amere0.1%relyonfueloil(seeFigure4).

Figure4:OklahomaHomeHeatingSource,2014

Source:U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaStateProfileandEnergyEstimates,https://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=OK(May31,2016).

ELECTRICITYPROFILEOverall, Oklahoma’s electricity generation capacity and consumption trend toward national averages.Usingthemostrecentdataavailable,asshowninTable1below,thestate’selectricpowerindustryhada net summer generation capacity of 24,048 MW of electricity in 2014 and a net generation of70,155,504MWh,mostofwhichcomesfromelectricutilities,rankingthestate17thand22ndintheserespective categories as compared to otherU.S. states. As a rough indication of demand, total retailsales were 61,573,374 MWh in 2014, accounting for approximately 87% of the total electricitygenerated. In this indicator of demand,Oklahoma ranks 25th in thenation—precisely at thenationalaverage. However, one aspect of Oklahoma’s electric sector diverges from the state’s trend towardsnational averages. Electricity in Oklahoma is relatively inexpensive—in 2014 the average price ofelectricityperkWhwas$0.0818,whichranks43rdintheUnitedStates.

NaturalGas53%

FuelOil0%

Electricity37%

LiquefiedPetroleumGases7%

Other/None3%

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Table1:OklahomaElectricitySummaryProfile,2014

Item Value U.S.Rank

NetSummerCapacity(megawatts) 24,048 17ElectricUtilities 17,045 17IndependentPowerProducers&CombinedHeatandPower 7,003 16NetGeneration(megawatthours) 70,155,504 22ElectricUtilities 48,096,026 19IndependentPowerProducers&CombinedHeatandPower 22,059,478 14TotalRetailSales(megawatthours) 61,573,374 25FullServiceProviderSales(megawatthours) 61,573,374 20DirectUse(megawatthours) 1,255,974 22AverageRetailPrice(cents/kWh) 8.18 43KWh=Kilowatthour.Source:U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,Table1:2014SummaryStatistics,http://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/oklahoma/(June1,2016).

In Oklahoma, coal- and natural gas-fired power plants dominate electric power production, withrenewableenergyfromwindpoweragrowingpercentage.Thecoal-firedfacilitiesmainlyreceivetheircoal via railcar from Wyoming; those fueled by natural gas often source their fuel from withinOklahoma. While in the past, coal was easily the majority fuel source for electric generation inOklahoma,morerecentlynaturalgashasgrowntobenearlyequal initscontributionasafuelsource.For instance, in 2001, coal powered 62.7% of electric generation, natural gas fueled only 32.5%, andother energy sources including wind and hydroelectric power fueled less than 5% of the state’selectricitygeneration.However,as shown inFigure5,asof2014,naturalgaspowers38%ofkilowatthoursgeneratedinOklahoma,onlyslightlybelowthepercentageofkilowatthoursgeneratedfromcoal.The next highest source, wind, was responsible for fueling approximately 17% of the kilowatt-hoursgeneratedinthestate.

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Figure5:ElectricPowerIndustryGenerationbyPrimaryEnergySource,1990-2014

Source:U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaElectricityProfile2014,http://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/Oklahoma/(June1,2016).

The stateofOklahomahas sevenmajor electric generation suppliers operating in the state.Of thesesevensuppliers,sixownand/oroperateelectricgenerationfacilities,orportionsofgenerationfacilitieswithinthebordersofOklahoma—theseventhservescustomerswithinthestatebuthasnogenerationfacilities here. 8 Three of these seven are investor-owned utilities (IOU), two are generation andtransmissioncooperatives,andtwoarepublicsectorutilities.

ElectricityProvidersinOklahoma

Investor-OwnedUtilitiesThethreeinvestor-ownedelectricutilitiesthatprovideretailservicetomostofthestate,andwhichareregulatedbytheState,are:

• OklahomaGasandElectricCompany• PublicServiceCompanyofOklahoma• EmpireDistrictElectricCompany

OklahomaGas&ElectricOklahomaGasandElectricCompany(OG&E)isthelargestproviderofelectricityinOklahomaintermsofnumberofcustomersserved.Itprovideselectricserviceto828,000customersandhasapproximately6,771megawattsofgeneratingcapacity.OG&Eowns7powergenerationplantsand3windfarms.This

8OklahomaCorporationCommission,StateofOklahoma13thElectricSystemPlanningReport:June2015,http://www.occeweb.com/pu/PUD%20Reports%20Page/13th2015_ESPR.pdf(June21,2016).

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utilityutilizescoalfor49%ofitshoursofgeneration,naturalgasfor44%ofitshoursofgeneration,andwindfor7%ofitshoursofgeneration.9OG&E’selectrictransmissionanddistributionsystemscoveranareaof30,000squaremiles.10Table2andFigure6belowshowOG&E’sownedgenerationfacilitiesbyfuel type, capacityand location. Inaddition to theseowned facilities,OG&Ealsopurchaseselectricityfrom other companies, such as from the AES-owned Shady Point generation facility near Poteau,Oklahoma,whichgenerateselectricityexclusivelyusingOklahomacoal.

Table2:OG&E-OwnedGenerationSources11

FacilityName Location GeneratingCapacityHorseshoeLake(gas) OklahomaCity 891MW

McClain(gas) Newcastle 380MW*Muskogee(coal) Muskogee 1,510MWMustang(gas) OklahomaCity 439MWRedbud(gas) Luther 622MW*Seminole(gas) Seminole 1,438MWSooner(coal) RedRock 1,042MW

Centennial(wind) Harper 120MWOUSpirit(wind) Woodward 101MWCrossroads(wind) Dewey 228MW

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisOG&E-ownedgenerationcapacity.

9Thepercentagesoffuelsutilizedforhoursofgenerationmaydifferfromthepercentagesofthosefuelsinautility’soverallgeneratingcapacityduetofluctuatingpricesofvariousfuelsources.10OklahomaGas&ElectricCompany,CompanyProfile,InvestorFactSheet—May2016,http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File%3Fitem%3DUGFyZW50SUQ9MzIzMzF8Q2hpbGRJRD0tMXxUeXBlPTM%3D%26t%3D1&usg=AFQjCNHfh6AGpd5xrmn2DHmAI45KOhCRqA(June1,2016).11OklahomaGas&ElectricCompany’sDecember31,201510KReport(seepage40).

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Figure6:OG&ERegionalAssetMap

Source:OklahomaGas&ElectricCompany,CompanyProfile,InvestorFactSheet—May2016,http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File%3Fitem%3DUGFyZW50SUQ9MzIzMzF8Q2hpbGRJRD0tMXxUeXBlPTM%3D%26t%3D1&usg=AFQjCNHfh6AGpd5xrmn2DHmAI45KOhCRqA(June1,2016).

PublicServiceCompanyofOklahomaPublicServiceCompanyofOklahoma(PSO),which isaunitofAmericanElectricPower, is thesecond-largestproviderofelectricity inOklahoma,servingapproximately542,000customers inthestate.PSOhasawide-rangingservicearea,withcustomersintheeasternandsouthwesternareasofthestate.PSOhasagenerationcapacityof4,256megawattswithin the state.PSO’sgenerationcapacityby fuelmixincludes35%coal,15%naturalgas,12%windpurchasedunderlongtermcontract,and38%purchasedpower.12PSOhas3,384milesoftransmissionlinesand22,212milesofdistributionlines inOklahoma.The table below and Table 3 showPSO’s generation sources by fuel type, location and capacity, andFigure7displaystheserviceterritory.

12PSOFactSheet2015,https://www.psoklahoma.com/global/utilities/lib/docs/info/facts/factsheets/PSO_Fact_Sheet_2015.pdf,(June22,2016).

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Table3:PSO-OwnedGenerationFacilities

FacilityName Location GeneratingCapacity

TulsaPowerStation(naturalgas) Tulsa 319MWNortheasternStation,Units1&2

(naturalgas)Oologah 856MW

NortheasternStation,Units3&4(coal) Oologah 936MWRiverside(naturalgas) Jenks 1,059MWComanche(naturalgas) Lawton 225MWWeleetka(naturalgas) Weleetka 150MW

SouthwesternStation(naturalgas) Anadarko 609MWOklaunion(coal) Vernon,TX 102MW*

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisPSO-ownedgenerationcapacity.

Figure7:PSOServiceTerritoryMap

Source:PublicServiceCompanyofOklahoma,ServiceTerritory,https://www.aep.com/investors/eventspresentationsandwebcasts/documents/2015_EEI_Factbook.pdf(June1,2016).

EmpireDistrictElectricCompanyThe Empire District Electric Company (EDE) is an investor-owned public utility operating in Arkansas,Kansas,Missouri,andOklahoma;it isheadquarteredinJoplin,Missouri.Thecompanyprovidesserviceto4,700 customers13in three counties in the farnortheasternOklahomacountiesofCraig,Delaware,andOttawa.

EDEhasanownedgenerationcapacityof1,280megawattsandoperatessevengenerationplants,noneofwhich are located inOklahoma.Most of Empire’s generating facilities are located in southwestern

13OklahomaCorporationCommission,TheStateofOklahoma’s13thElectricSystemPlanningReport,http://www.occeweb.com/pu/PUD%20Reports%20Page/13th2015_ESPR.pdf(June21,2016).

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Missouri;however,Empiredoeshavegenerationfacilities locatedatRiverton,KansasandPlumPoint,Arkansas. Table 4 shows EDE’s generation sources by fuel type, location and capacity, and Figure 8displaystheutility’sserviceterritory.

Table4:EDE-OwnedGenerationFacilities14

FacilityName Location GenerationCapacityAsbury(coal) Asbury,MO 198MW

Riverton(coalandgas) Riverton,KS 177MWIatanUnits1&2(coal) Weston,MO 191MW*

StateLineCombinedCycle(gas) Joplin,MO 295MW*StateLineUnit1(gas) Joplin,MO 96MWEnergyCenter(gas) LaRussell,MO 257MWOzarkBeach(hydro) OzarkBeach,MO 16MWPlumPoint(coal) Osceola,AR 50MW*

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisEDE-ownedgenerationcapacity.

Figure8:EmpireDistrictElectricCompanyServiceTerritoryMap

Source:TheEmpireDistrictElectricCompany,ServiceTerritoryMap,https://www.empiredistrict.com/About/servicearea.aspx?state=OK(June1,2016).

14TheEmpireDistrictElectricCompany,FastFacts,https://www.empiredistrict.com/About/FastFacts.aspx(June1,2016).

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CooperativesOklahoma is served by thirty electric cooperatives. The role of electric cooperatives in the state is acriticalone,ascombinedtheyaretheonlyutilityentitythathasinfrastructureinandprovidesservicetoall77countiesinOklahoma.Togetherthecooperativesservehalfamillioncustomers,havemorethan100,000milesofelectricdistributionlineandnearly10,000milesoftransmissionline.AppendixBgivesacompletelistingofcooperativesservingOklahoma.

Therearethreegenerationandtransmissioncooperativeprovidersservingthestate;theseareGoldenSpread Electric Cooperative, Western Farmers Electric Cooperative (WFEC) and KAMO Power. Theseentitiesarecomprisedofindividualmembercooperatives.WFECandKAMOPowerarethepredominantproviders inOklahoma.GoldenSpreadElectricCooperativeisbasedinAmarillo,Texasandservesonlyone Oklahoma distribution cooperative. Detailed membership lists for these two providers arecontainedaspartofAppendixB.

WesternFarmersElectricCooperativeWesternFarmersElectricCooperative(WFEC),headquarteredinAnadarko,Oklahoma,isthelargestofthegenerationandtransmissioncooperativeprovidersservingOklahoma.WFECisaconsumer-owned,regionalelectricgenerationandtransmissioncooperativefoundedin1941.Itgenerateselectricpowerfromself-ownedgenerationfacilitiesandtransmits thatpowerto18distributionelectriccooperativeswhose service areas cover three-quarters of the state. 15 Western Farmers’ member cooperativesoperateinallbutthenortheasternportionofthestateofOklahomaandalsoserveovertwo-thirdsofrural Oklahoma.WFEC owns andmaintainsmore than 3,700miles of transmission line and has over1,320MWofgeneratingcapacityinOklahoma.Inadditiontoitsownedgenerationcapacity,WFECalsopurchaseswindpowerandhydroelectricityfromotherutilities.Table5showsWFEC’sownedgenerationsourcesbyfueltype,locationandcapacity,andFigure9displaysthecooperative’sserviceterritory.

Table5:WFEC-OwnedGenerationFacilities16

FacilityName Location GenerationCapacity

HugoPlant(coal) FortTowson/Hugo 450MWMoorelandPlant(naturalgas) Mooreland 304MWAnadarkoPlant(naturalgas) Anadarko 374MW

15WFECalsohas4membercooperativesinNewMexico.16OklahomaCorporationCommission,TheStateofOklahoma’s11thElectricSystemPlanningReport.

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Figure9:WesternFarmersElectricCooperativeServiceTerritoryMap

KAMOElectricCooperativeKAMO Electric Cooperative (KAMO Power), headquartered in Vinita, Oklahoma, is the second majorgeneration and transmission cooperativeprovider servingOklahoma. This cooperative is a consumer-owned generation and transmission rural electric cooperative that serves customers in northeasternOklahomaandsouthwesternMissouri.KAMOPowerservesseventeenelectricdistributioncooperatives,eight of which are located in Oklahoma. It operates no generation facilities in Oklahoma; however,KAMO does own 38% of Grand River Dam Authority’s coal-fired GRDA generation unit No. 2. TheremainderofKAMOPower’spowerrequirementsispurchasedfromAssociatedElectricCooperativeInc.(AECI),ofwhichitisapart-owner.Table6showsKAMOPower’sownedgenerationsourcebyfueltype,locationandcapacity,andFigure10displaysthecooperative’sserviceterritory.

Table6:KAMOPower-OwnedGenerationFacilities

FacilityName Location GenerationCapacityGRDACFP2(coal)** Chouteau 198MW*

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisKAMOPower-ownedgenerationcapacity.**AlthoughKAMOPowerownsthiscapacity,thepowerfromtheGRDAfacilityhasbeenintegratedintoAECIgenerationresources.

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Figure10:KAMOPowerServiceTerritory

PublicSectorUtilitiesUnderOklahoma statutes, theOCC does not regulate any entity that is operated by a governmentalsubdivision.OfthelargestprovidersofelectricityinOklahoma,twoproviders,theOklahomaMunicipalPowerAuthority,andtheGrandRiverDamAuthority,fallintothecategoryofpublicsectorutilities.

OklahomaMunicipalPowerAuthorityTheOklahomaMunicipalPowerAuthority (OMPA) is a joint-actionagency created for thepurposeofproviding an adequate, reliable and affordable supply of electrical power and energy to Oklahoma'smunicipally owned electric systems. The Authority presently serves 39 municipally-owned electricsystemsinOklahoma.Asaconsumer-ownedpublicpowerentity,OMPAisownedbythemembercitiesitserves.ThemembersofOMPAincludethefollowing:

CityofAltus TownofGoltry TownofOkeene CityofTecumsehCityofBlackwell TownofGranite TownofOlustee CityofTonkawaCityofComanche CityofHominy TownofOrlando CityofWaltersTownofCopan CityofKingfisher CityofPawhuska CityofWaynokaCityofDuncan TownofLaverne CityofPerry CityofWatongaCityofEdmond CityofLexington CityofPoncaCity CityofWetumkaTownofEldorado CityofMangum CityofPondCreek CityofWynnewoodCityofFairview TownofManitou CityofPrague CityofYaleCityofFrederick CityofMarlow CityofPurcell TownofFt.Supply TownofMooreland TownofRyan

CityofGeary CityofNewkirk TownofSpiro

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OMPA owns or co-owns eight generation facilities to serve its members. Coal, natural gas, andhydroelectricityareallutilizedinelectricitygenerationbytheplants.OMPAalsopurchaseswindpowerfromtheOklahomaWindEnergyCenterinWoodward,OKtoserveitsmembers.Table7showsOMPA’sowned generation sources by fuel type, location and capacity, and Figure 11 displays the Authority’smemberlocations.

Table7:OMPA-OwnedGenerationFacilities

FacilityName Location GenerationCapacity

KawHydroelectricPlant(hydro) PoncaCity 29MWOklaunionPowerStation(coal) Vernon,TX 80MW*McClainPlant(naturalgas) Newcastle 118MW*RedBudPlant(naturalgas) Luther 158MW*

HenryW.PirkeyPlant(lignite) EastTexas 15MW*DoletHills(lignite) DeSotoParish,LA 25MW*

PoncaCityPowerPlant(naturalgas) PoncaCity 104MWJohnW.Turk,Jr.PowerPlant(coal) Fulton,AR 43MW*

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisOMPA-ownedgenerationcapacity.

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Figure11:OMPAMemberMunicipalities

Source:OklahomaMunicipalPowerAuthority,MemberCities,http://ompa.com/about/member-cities/(June1,2016).

GrandRiverDamAuthorityTheGrandRiverDamAuthority(GRDA)isanagencyofthestateofOklahomaauthorizedunder82O.S.§861,oneofonlytwosuchentitiesestablishedbygovernmentactionthatexistintheUnitedStates,theotherbeingtheTennesseeValleyAuthority.GRDAwascreatedbytheOklahomaLegislaturein1935asaconservation and reclamation district and it owns and operates electric generation, transmission anddistributionfacilitiesmainlywithinthenortheasternportionofthestate. GRDAisanon-appropriatedstate agency—funded fully by revenues generated from the sale of electricity andwater, and not bypublic dollars. GRDA has a seven-member governing board that includes three gubernatorialappointments, onemember appointed by the President Pro Tempore of theOklahoma State Senate,one member appointed by the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, one memberappointed by the Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives, and one designee of theMunicipalElectric Systems of Oklahoma. GRDA headquarters are located in Vinita, Oklahoma. Table 8 showsGRDA’s owned generation sources by fuel type, location and capacity, and Figure 12 displays theAuthority’sserviceterritory.

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Table8:GRDA-OwnedGenerationFacilities

FacilityName Location GenerationCapacityPensacola(hydro) Langley 126MW

MarkhamFerry(hydro) LocustGrove 128MWSalinaPumpedStorage(hydro)Units1,2and3 Salina 130MWSalinaPumpedStorage(hydro)Units4,5and6 Salina 130MW

GrandRiverEnergyCenterUnit1(coal) Chouteau 490MWGRDACFPUnit2(coal) Chouteau 322MW*

GRDACFPUnit3(naturalgas) Chouteau 495MWRedbudGasPlant(naturalgas) Luther 439MW*

*Co-owned.CapacitylistedisGRDA-ownedgenerationcapacity.Source:GrandRiverDamAuthority,GRDA2015ComprehensiveAnnualFinancialReport,http://www.grda.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/CAFR_2016-05-23.pdf(June6,2016).

Figure12:GRDAServiceTerritory

EnergyEfficiencyforElectricityThe State of Oklahoma, local governments, and Oklahoma electric utilities all offer energy efficiencyprogramstohelpreducedemandanddelaytheneedfornewelectricgenerationsources.Ontheutilityside, the most popular programs encourage customers to invest in energy efficient systems andequipment that offer the ability to lower a customer’s on-peak electric usage. In 2014, the totalratepayer-funded expenditures for electric (and gas) efficiency and load management programmingwere $84.9 million in Oklahoma. Of this total, $71.9 million was spending on energy efficiency forelectricity. State- and local-administered programs also focus on energy efficient equipment andincreasingtheefficiencyofpublicbuildings.

Utility-AdministeredProgramsThestate’slargestelectricutility,OklahomaGasandElectric,hasagoaltobuildnonewgenerationuntilat least 2020. Therefore, OG&E currently manages the following programs: Home Energy EfficiencyProgram (HEEP), Positive Energy-New Home Construction (PE-NHC), Weatherization Residential

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AssistanceProgram(WRAP),CommercialEnergyEfficiencyProgram(CEEP),IntegratedVoltVarControlProgram(IVVC),andanEducationProgram.

PSO also operates a number of demand side management programs. Most recently, PSO gainedapproval of the following programs: HomeWeatherization, High Performance Homes, Energy SavingProducts, High Performance Business, Business Demand Response, Education Program, BehavioralModificationandaConservationVoltageReduction.

WesternFarmersElectricCooperativeand itsmemberdistributioncooperativesareattemptingtouseenergyefficiencyinitiativestominimizeand/ordelaybuildingnewgenerationnecessitatedbyincreaseddemandfromoilandgasproductionactivitiesinOklahoma’sMississippiLimeregion.WesternFarmersoperates a rebate program for high efficiency HVAC systems including both air source and groundsource heat pumps to reduce consumer demand during peaking conditions. Requirements for theseequipment rebates have evolved overtime as the economics for both the cooperative and theconsumershavebecomebetterunderstood.BecauseofOklahoma’sextremeheat insummermonths,Western Farmers has found that there is a significant difference in efficiency between air sourceequipmentandgroundsourceequipmentduringtheirpeakingtimeframeandthushasmodifiedtheirrebateprogramtoreflectthesefindings,withspecialemphasisbeingplacedontherenewableenergysourceprovidedbygeothermaltechnology.

The OklahomaMunicipal Power Authority also offers a variety of programming in the efficiency anddemand-side management area: the WISE program, to install energy-efficient air conditioners andelectricheatpumps;theWISELoanprogram,whichofferslow-interestfinancingtoqualifiedcustomersfor approved energy-saving measures. Such as heat pumps, electric water heaters, insulation,programmablethermostatsorweatherstripping;andtheDEEPprogramwhichprovidesmatchingfundsto customers who implement energy-saving measuresthat will reduce their summer peak electricdemands.

Together, in 2014, utility-operated demand-side management programs in Oklahoma conserved180,032MWhofelectricity.17

State-AdministeredProgramsAt the state level, beginning in 2009, 61O.S. § 213 required all new state-owned buildings ormajorrenovationsofstate-ownedbuildingsof10,000squarefeetormoretomeetLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)orGreenBuildingInitiative’sGreenGlobesstandards.Inaddition,in2012,27A O.S. § 3-4-106.1 established the Oklahoma State Facilities Energy Conservation Program, whichdirects all state agencies and higher education institutions to achieve an energy efficiency andconservationimprovementtargetofatleast20percentbytheyear2020.Improvementisbaseduponbenchmarkspriortoimplementationoftheprogram.Uponimplementation,allagenciesarerequiredto

17AmericanCouncilforanEnergyEfficientEconomy,NetIncrementalSavingsfromElectricEnergyEfficiencyPrograms,2010,http://database.aceee.org/sites/default/files/docs/spending-savings-tables.pdf(June6,2016).

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input historical utility cost into approved software on a monthly basis. Costs associated with theimplementationofthisprogramaretobefullyfundedbyprogramsavings.

LocalGovernmentProgramsFinally,itshouldbementionedthattherearenumerouslocalenergyefficiencyeffortsunderwaywhichare coordinated by the state. These efforts mainly include energy efficient upgrades of municipallightingandHVACequipmentaswell as insulationofpublicbuildings. In addition,Oklahomahas twostatutes in place authorizing county governments to develop Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)financing to facilitate energy efficiency improvements for property owners. Oklahoma’s EnergyIndependence Act, 19 O.S. § 460.1-460.7, authorized counties to create "County District EnergyAuthorities” that are authorized to issue notes/bonds, seek out public/private lenders, or apply forgrants/loansfromothergovernmentalentitiesinordertoestablishandfundlocalPACEprograms.OnceacountyhasestablishedtheAuthorityandPACEprogram,countypropertyownerscanreceivea loanfrom the county for permanently fixed renewable energy or energy efficiency improvements to theirproperty. These loans are then repaid on the owner’s property taxes and constitute a lien on thepropertyuntilpaidinfull.Atthiswriting,nocountiesareutilizingthismechanism.

RenewableEnergyforElectricityAsofMarch2016Oklahomasourcedapproximately36%ofitsnetelectricitygeneratedbasedonMWhfrom renewable sources, mainly from wind, but also hydroelectric sources. 18 To continue themomentum of diversifying the fuel sources used by Oklahomans and promoting economicopportunities, in 2010, 17 O.S. § 801.4 established a renewable energy goal for electric utilitiesoperatinginthestate.Thegoalcalledfor15%ofthetotalinstalledgenerationcapacityinOklahomatobederived fromrenewablesourcesby2015.Eligible renewableenergy resources includedwind,solar,hydropower,hydrogen,geothermal,biomass,andother renewableenergy resourcesapprovedby theOklahomaCorporationCommission(OCC).Energyefficiencywasallowedtobeusedtomeetupto25%of the overall 15% renewable energy goal. In 2013, theOklahoma Corporation Commission reportedthatthestate'sutilitieshadalreadyexceededthe2015goal.19

In 2015, Oklahoma ranked 4th in the nation for installed wind capacity, with more than 5,453MWinstalled.20ThisrankingrepresentsanincreasefromOklahoma’s2012standingof6thinthenationwith3,100MWwindcapacityinstalled.

18U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/xls/table_1_10_a.xlsx(June7,2016).19OklahomaCorporationCommission,TheOklahomaCorporationCommission's2013ReportontheOklahomaEnergySecurityAct(2014).http://www.occeweb.com/pu/PUD%20Reports%20Page/2013%20Report%20on%20Renewable%20Energy%20Goals.pdf(June6,2016).20AmericanWindEnergyAssociation,OklahomaWindEnergyFactSheet,http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/FileDownloads/pdfs/Oklahoma.pdf(June7,2016).

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The state also relies on hydroelectricity tomeet a portion of its electric demand, however in recentyears the overallmegawatt hours of hydroelectricity usedhas declined. In 2010, hydroelectricitywasused for nearly 3 million megawatt hours of generation in Oklahoma. Conversely, by 2014,hydroelectricitywasusedfornearly1.5millionmegawatthoursofgenerationinOklahoma.21

In2016,Oklahomaremainsastrongmarketforgeothermalheatpumps,buttherehasbeensomeslightdecline.Overall,geothermalstillhasstrongutilitysupport,andmanypublicandprivatecommercialbuildingsareadoptingthetechnologyaswell.

TheOklahomaMunicipalPowerAuthority(OMPA)hasseeninstallationnumbersshrinkoverthepastyear.Inthepastyear,only49unitswererebatedoverOMPA’s42membercitymunicipalities,mainlyintheEdmondarea.Someofthosemunicipalitiesofferaloopleaseprogramtohelpoffsetsomeoftheinitialcost,butitisunderutilized.

OG&Ehasalsoplacedsomelimitationsonitsgeothermalincentiveprogram.Ithasremovedtherebatefornewconstructionandreducedthegeothermalrebateforexistinghomeconversionsto$50pertonHowever,OG&Edoesplantomakeadditionalchangestopotentiallyaugmentitsgeothermalprogrambytheendof2016.

WesternFarmersElectricCooperative(WFEC)hasconductedastudywiththehelpofanindependent3rdparty,whichshowed2.2kWreductioninpeakusageforanaverage4tonsystem.Inlightofthislong-termpeaksavingsopportunity,WFEChasraiseditsgeothermalrebatesto$1,050pertonforallofits18ruralelectriccooperatives.Someofthesecooperativeshaveloopleaseprogramsandothergeothermalservicesavailable.WFECalsohasanexpertconsultantavailabletoanswerquestionsandreferhome-andbusiness-ownerstoqualifiedinstallersintheirarea.

Commercially,geothermalheatpumptechnologyismoreindemandnowinpastyears.Manypublicandprivatecommercialbuildingsarechoosinggeothermalfortheirheatingandcoolingneeds,highlightingthefinancialviabilityofthetechnology.RecentpublicprojectsincludetheSouthwestandNorthwestPublicLibraries,PutnamCitySchools,MoorePublicSchools,andDelCityPublicWorks.RecentprivateprojectsincludeGulfportEnergy,St.AnthonyHealthplex,CatholicCharitiesArchdioceseofOKC,UptownGroceryand21CMuseumandHotel.

Finally,Oklahoma’sStateCapitolBuildingisalsotheonlyCapitolbuildinginthenationpoweredbygeothermalenergy—sincethe1990’s,thebuildinghasreliedonover600geothermalheatpumpstoheatandcoolthebuilding.

21U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,Table5,Electricpowerindustrygenerationbyprimaryenergysource,1990through2014,https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/oklahoma/(June22,2016).

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PETROLEUMPROFILEOklahomaproducesasubstantialamountofoil,withannualproduction typicallyaccounting formorethan3%oftotalU.S.productioninrecentyears.Currently,Oklahomaranks5thincrudeoilproductionnationally. Crude oil wells and gathering pipeline systems are concentrated in central Oklahoma,althoughdrillingactivityalsotakesplaceinthePanhandle.Twoofthe100largestoilfieldsintheUnitedStatesarefoundinOklahoma.

CrudeOilProducersinOklahomaThereareover3,000producersofoilinOklahoma,butthetop10producersbyvolumefor2011areshowninTable9.

Table9:TopOklahomaCrudeOilProducersbyVolume,2011

Producer Oil(barrels) PercentageofTotal2011OklahomaOilProduction

ChesapeakeOperatingIncorporated

8,688,340 11.31%

ChaparralEnergyLimitedLiability

4,116,420 5.36%

CitationOil&GasCorporation 3,789,529 4.93%SheridanProductionCompany

LLC2,220,378 2.89%

LinnOperating,Inc. 1,996,767 2.60%ApacheCorporation 1,351,017 1.76%

SandRidgeExplorationandProduction

1,280,883 1.67%

MeritEnergyCompany 1,097,947 1.43%MackEnergyCompany 923,383 1.20%XtoEnergyIncorporated 897,619 1.17%

Source:OklahomaCorporationCommission,OilandGasDivision,2011AnnualReport,http://www.occeweb.com/og/2011%20Annual%20Report.pdf(June7,2016).

The City of Cushing, in central Oklahoma, is a major crude oil trading hub that connects Gulf CoastrefinerstoproducersbothintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Traditionally,theCushingHubhaspushedGulfCoastandMid-ContinentcrudeoilsupplynorthtoMidwestrefiningmarkets.However,productionfrom those regions is in decline, and an underused crude oil pipeline system has been reversed todeliver rapidly expanding heavy crude oil supply — produced in Alberta, Canada, and pumped toChicagoviatheEnbridgeandLakeheadPipelinesystems—toCushing,where itcanaccessGulfCoastrefiningmarkets.Cushing is thedesignateddeliverypoint forNewYorkMercantileExchange(NYMEX)crudeoilfuturescontracts.

CrudeoilsuppliesfromCushingthatarenotdeliveredtotheMidwestarefedtoOklahoma’sfivemajoroil refineries, which have a combined distillation capacity of approximately 511,000 barrels/calendar

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day—roughly3%ofthetotalU.S.refiningcapacity.22Table10liststheserefineries,thelargestofwhichisthePoncaCityRefinerythatisownedandoperatedbyConocoPhilips.

Table10:OilRefineriesinOklahoma23

Company RefineryName Location CapacityValero ArdmoreRefinery Ardmore 85,000bbl/d

CVREnergy WynnewoodRefinery

Wynnewood 70,000bbl/d

VenturaRefining&Transmission

ThomasRefinery Thomas 12,000bbl/d

ConocoPhillips PoncaCityRefinery PoncaCity 198,400bbl/dHollyFrontierCorporation24

TulsaRefinery(East)

Tulsa 125,000bbl/d

SeveralpetroleumproductpipelinesconnectthoserefineriestoconsumptionmarketsinOklahomaandnearby states. One of the largest of these, the Explorer Pipeline, originates on the Texas coast andreceivesproductsfromOklahomarefineriesbeforecontinuingontosupplyMidwestmarkets.Themajorpipelinecompaniesinthestateinclude:

Amoco Jayhawk SeawayArco Koch Shell

Conoco Mobil SunDuke NaturalGasClearinghouse Texaco

Farmland Ozark Ultramar-DiamondShamrock

In addition to the oil that enters Oklahoma from neighboring states, the state produces on averageabout407,000barrelsperdayofcrudeoil25bywayofnearly200rotaryrigsthatarecurrentlydrillingforoilandgas.Figure13visuallysummarizesthehistoryofoilproduction inOklahoma.As indicated, theamount of overall crude oil producedper day has significantly decreased in the last 20-30 years, butfrom2010 to 2012, production increased to levels not seen since themid-1990s.26This phenomenonwas due to new oil extraction techniques that can extract unconventional oil from tight shale rock

22U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaStateProfileandEnergyEstimates,http://www.eia.gov/state/data.cfm?sid=OK#ReservesSupply(June22,2016).23U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration.CapacityofOperablePetroleumRefineriesbyStateasofJanuary1,2012,http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/refinerycapacity/table3.pdf(June7,2016).24HollyFrontierCorporation,TulsaRefinery,http://www.hollyfrontier.com/operations/refineries/default.aspx(June7,2016).25U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,ProductionofCrudeOilbyPADDistrictandState,March2016,http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/supply/monthly/pdf/table26.pdf(June22,2016).26U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,TodayInEnergy,MonthlyU.S.CrudeOilProduction,July1997-September2012,http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9030%20(June7,2016).

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formations.Intermsoffutureproduction,Oklahomahad1,241millionbarrelsofprovenreservesattheendof2014,accountingfor3.4%percentofallU.S.reserves.27

Figure13:OklahomaProductionofCrudeOil,1900-2011

Source:OklahomaCorporationCommission,OilandGasDivision,2011AnnualReport,http://www.occeweb.com/og/2011%20Annual%20Report.pdf(June7,2016).

WithregardtothepricesofpetroleuminOklahoma,theaveragepriceoffirstusedomesticcrudewas$33.09/barrel inMarch 2016, as compared to the national average of $31.87/barrel.28In contrast tocrudebeingmoreexpensivethanthenationalaverage, ingeneral, thepriceofregularmotorgasolinesoldinOklahomatendsalsotobelessexpensivethanthenationalaverage.Figure14liststhepriceofregularmotorgasolinesoldinOklahomafrom2007to2016,which,overtime,trendedapproximately4

27U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,CrudeOilProvedReserves,ReservesChanges,andProduction,http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_pres_a_EPC0_R01_mmbbl_a.htm(June21,2016).28U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,PetroleumandOtherLiquids,DomesticCrudeOilFirstPurchasePricesByArea,http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_dfp1_k_m.htm(June7,2016).

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to5centslessexpensivethanthenationalaverage.Thefigurealsodemonstratestherelativevolatilityingasolineprices,especiallysince2008.

Figure 14: 120 Month Average Retail Price Chart, USA Average & OklahomaAverage,2007-2016

Source:GasBuddy,GasPriceCharts,http://www.gasbuddy.com/Charts(June22,2016).

CrudeOil/PetroleumIndustryOversightBothfederalandstateagenciesregulatethecrudeoilandpetroleumindustry.Atthefederallevel,muchof the regulation occurs through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). At the state level,boththeOCC29andtheDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ)provideregulatoryoversight.

TheOCC’sOilandGasConservationDivisionregulatesoilwellsitesinthestate,utilizingaheadquartersinOklahomaCityandfourregionalofficestoconductadministrativeandon-siteactivities.Acompletediscussion of the regulatory activities conducted by OCC’s Oil and Gas Conservation Division can befound intheMitigating,Tracking,andRespondingtoEnergyEmergenciessectionofthisreport.Theseregulatoryactivities includebothsafetyandpreventativemeasures,aswellasresponseactions intheevent of a spill, explosion, or other well site emergency. To ensure that Oklahoma regulations areadequateandupdated,theOCC’sOilandGasConservationDivisionparticipatesinregionalandnationalorganizations.First, theDivision isamemberofandactivelyparticipates in the InterstateOilandGasCompactCommission,whichconductsaStateReviewofOilandNaturalGasEnvironmentalRegulations

29ResultingfromOklahoma’sNativeAmericanhistory,productionfromsometriballandsfallsundertheregulationoftheBureauofIndianAffairs.

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that focusesonassisting states topeer review theirown regulationsand sharebestpractices.OCC isalsoamemberoftheGroundwaterProtectionCouncil.

Onceoil leaves the drilling site, theOCC’s TransportationDivision,which includes the Pipeline SafetyOffice, is responsible for regulating the transport of oil and drilling fluids both by truck and throughpipelines.AmoredetaileddiscussionoftheroleoftheTransportationDivision,includingpipelinesafety,appearsintheNaturalGasindustryprofilebelow.

Additionally,theOklahomaMarginalWellCommissionsupportstechnologytransfertoensurethatwellscanremaininproductionaslongaspossible.

TheOklahomaDepartmentof EnvironmentalQuality regulatesoil refinery sites, primarily fromanairandwaterqualitystandpoint.

Once crude oil is refined and processed intomotor vehicle fuel, OCC once again assumes regulatoryauthority, for the storage of this motor vehicle fuel onsite at filling stations statewide. A completediscussion of the measures involved in assuring safety of motor vehicle fuel can be found in theMitigating,Tracking,andRespondingtoEnergyEmergenciessectionofthisdocument.

At the federal level, the U.S. EPA is also involved in regulating various aspects of the oil industry inOklahoma,bothchemicalstorageatwellsitesandinspectionofstoragetanks.AcompletediscussionofU.S. EPA authority in assuring the safety of the oil and petroleum industry can be found in theMitigating,Tracking,andRespondingtoEnergyEmergenciessectionofthisdocument.

Outsideofthepublicsector,theOCCworkscollaborativelywiththeOklahomaEnergyResourcesBoard,which isavoluntary industrygroup fundedbyaone-tenthofonepercent (.001)assessmentongrossproduction.Halfofthisfundisusedfortherestorationofabandonedwellsites.

IndustryStakeholdersThereareanumberofoilandpetroleumtradeassociationsactiveinOklahoma.Amongthelargestarethe Oklahoma Petroleum Marketers Council, the Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association, and theOklahomaIndependentPetroleumAssociation,whicheachprovideakeycontactbetweenstateofficialsandindustry.

NATURALGASPROFILEOklahomaisoneofthetopnaturalgasproducersintheUnitedStatesandproductiontypicallyaccountsforalmostone-tenthoftheU.S.total.Attheendof2013,tenofthe100largestnaturalgasfieldsinthecountryarefoundinthestate,andprovenreservesofconventionalnaturalgashavebeenincreasingin

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recentyears.30Likewise,OklahomahaslargereservesofcoalbedmethaneintheArkomaBasinandtheCherokee Platform in the eastern part of the state, and extraction of those resources has grown inrecentyears.With this inmind, it isessential to remember thatOklahoma’snaturalgasproduction iscriticalnotonlyforstateconsumption,butforotherregionsofthecountryaswell.Infact,onlyaboutone-thirdofOklahoma’snaturalgasoutputisconsumedwithinthestate.Theremainingsupplyissentviapipelinetoneighboringstates,themajoritytoKansas,includingthenaturalgastradinghubsinTexasand Kansas. In addition to supplying neighboring states, Oklahoma imports a significant quantity ofnaturalgas.Almost90percentof the imports thatenter thestatearriveviapipelines fromTexasandColorado.

Intermsofconsumption,theelectricitygenerationandindustrialsectorsusemostofthenaturalgasinOklahoma. About three-fifths of Oklahoma households also use natural gas as their primary energysource forhomeheating. In2016, the city gateprice inOklahomawas$3.68/thousand cubic feet, ascomparedtoanationalaverageof$3.46.Bycomparison,theresidentialpricewas$6.82comparedtoanaverageof$8.39acrosstherestofthecountry.Withregardtothefutureproductionofnaturalgas,Oklahoma had 31,778 billion cu. ft. of dry natural gas and 1,752million barrels of natural gas plantliquidsinknownreservesin2014.Additionally,asofFebruary2016,Oklahomahas329,723millioncu.ft.ofnaturalgasinundergroundstorage.31

Intermsofproductionandsupply,in2011Oklahomahad65,000drilled(notplugged)naturalgaswells,approximately 40,000 of which are in operation in any given month. In the same year, the stateproduced1,827,328millioncubicfeet(Mcf)ofgas.32Therearewellover75producersofnaturalgasinOklahoma,butthetop10producersbyvolumefor2011arelistedinTable11.

30U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,Top100U.S.OilandGasFields,https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/crudeoilreserves/top100/pdf/top100.pdf(June21,2016).31U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaProfileData,ReservesandSupply,http://www.eia.gov/beta/state/data.cfm?sid=OK#ReservesSupply(June7,2016).32OklahomaCorporationCommission,TechnicalServicesDepartment,OilandGasConservationDivision,2011ReportonOilandNaturalGasActivityWithintheStateofOklahoma,http://www.occeweb.com/og/2011%20Annual%20Report.pdf(June7,2016).

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Table11:TopOklahomaNaturalGasProducersbyVolume,2011

ProducerNaturalGasProduced(Mcf)

PercentageofTotal2011OklahomaNaturalGasProduction

ChesapeakeOperatingIncorporated 233,913,760 15.10%BPAmericaProductionCompany 108,869,353 7.03%

NewfieldMid-ContinentExploration,Inc.

106,815,721 6.89%

DevonEnergyProductionCompanyLP

79,515,822 5.13%

XtoEnergyIncorporated 70,879,053 4.57%ApacheCorporation 59,004,580 3.81%

CimarexEnergyCompany 39,325,569 2.54%St.MaryLand&Exploration

Company38,772,830 2.50%

Kaiser-FrancisOilCompany 36,741,321 2.37%BurlingtonResourcesO&GCo.LP 29,221,773 1.89%

Source:OklahomaCorporationCommission,OilandGasDivision,2011AnnualReport,http://www.occeweb.com/og/2011%20Annual%20Report.pdf(June7,2016).

AslistedinFigure15,theamountofnaturalgasthatOklahomaproduceshasvariedabitinthelast40years.Marketedproductionwasatitshighestinthelate1980sthroughtheearly1990s.

Figure15:NaturalGasProductioninOklahoma,1906-2011

Source:OklahomaCorporationCommission,OilandGasDivision,2011AnnualReport,http://www.occeweb.com/og/2011%20Annual%20Report.pdf(June7,2016).

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NaturalGasProvidersinOklahoma

NaturalGasUtilitiesThesixnaturalgascompaniesthatprovideretailservicetomostofthestate,andwhichareregulatedbytheState,are:

Arkansas-OklahomaGasCorporationCenterPointOklahoma

Ft.CobbFuelAuthority/LeAnnGasCompanyOklahomaNaturalGas

PanhandleNaturalGasIncorporatedWestTexasGasCompany

Oftheseregulatedutilities,thetwolargestprovidersareOklahomaNaturalGasCompanyandCenterPointOklahoma.

OklahomaNaturalGasCompanyOklahomaNaturalGasCompany isadivisionofTulsa-basedONEOK, Inc.ONEOK isamong the largestnatural gas distributors in the United States, serving more than 2 million customers in Oklahoma,Kansas, and Texas. In Oklahoma, Oklahoma Natural Gas serves approximately 860,551 residential,commercialand industrial customersandmaintains19,000milesofdistributionmainsandservices inthestate.

Figure16:OklahomaNaturalGasCompanyServiceTerritoryMap

Source:OklahomaNaturalGasCompany,AboutUs,http://www.oklahomanaturalgas.com/en/About.aspx(June7,2016).

CenterPointOklahomaCenterPoint Oklahoma is a natural gas local distribution company that is part of CenterPoint EnergyResources Corp., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CenterPoint Energy, Inc., a Houston, Texas

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based domestic energy delivery company that includes electric transmission and distribution, naturalgas distribution, competitive natural gas sales and services, interstate pipelines, and field servicesoperations inmultiple jurisdictions.CenterPointOklahoma’soperationsareheadquartered in Lawton,Oklahoma.

CenterPoint Oklahoma operates 2,703miles of pipeline in Oklahoma and serves 103,363 customers,including 92,721 residential customers and 10,642 commercial or industrial customers. CenterPointOklahoma’sserviceareasare largelyrural innatureanddonot includeeitherOklahomaCityorTulsa.CenterPointOklahomaprovidesserviceinonly18citiesinOklahomawithcustomercountsinexcessof1,000. The largest city servedbyCenterPointOklahoma is theCityof Lawtonwith24,028 customers.Figure17depictsthese18citiesinCenterPoint’sserviceterritory.

Figure17:CenterPointOklahomaServiceTerritory*

*Citiesandtownsservedwith1,000customersorgreater

OtherRegulatedGasProvidersInadditiontoOklahomaNaturalGasandCenterPoint,fourothersmall,regulatedgasprovidersservealimitednumberofOklahomacustomers.

• ArkansasOklahomaGas Co. (AOG), based in Fort Smith, Arkansas, has 60,000Oklahoma andArkansascustomers.

• FortCobbFuelAuthority/LeAnnGas,based inEakly,Oklahomaserves3,549customers in thestate.FortCobbhaspurchasedseveralsmallcompaniesand,althoughoperatedunderacentralmanagement,theyarescatteredacrossthestateandshouldbeconsideredmorelikefranchisesthanacoordinatedsystem.

• PanhandleGashas78customersintheruralareaaroundGuymon,Oklahoma.• WestTexasGashas4,198OklahomacustomersinBeaver,Cimarron,Dewey,Ellis,Harper,Roger

Mills,TexasandWoodwardcounties.

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PublicSectorUtilitiesState lawdoesnotallow theOCC to regulateanynatural gasutilityoperatedbya city. Instead, localgovernmentsand/ormunicipalboards regulate thesecity-operatedutilities. InOklahoma,at least45municipalitiesoperatenaturalgasutilities.Thosethathavebeenidentifiedthroughtheirparticipationinmembership associations such as theMunicipal Gas Association of America andAmerican Public GasAssociationarelistedbelow.

AftonPublicWorksAuthority FairlandGasAuthority PryorMunicipalUtilityBoardBillingsPublicWorksAuthority FreedomGasDistributionSystem RamonaPublicWorksAuthority

BurbankMunicipalNaturalGasDept. GearyUtilityAuthority RipleyPublicWorksBurlingtonMunicipalNaturalGasDept. GroveMunicipalServicesAuthority SeilingPublicWorksAuthority

ChelseaGasAuthority HallettMunicipalGasAuthority SperryUtilityServiceAuthorityChouteauPublicWorksAuthority HardestyMunicipalNaturalGasDept. TalogaMunicipalNaturalGasDept.

CityofKawCity HaskellMunicipalNaturalGasDept. TownofCashionCityofGuymon JayUtilityAuthority TownofFairfax

ClevelandMunicipalAuthority JonesCityGasCompany TownofGateCopanLight,Water&GasSystem KeyesUtilityAuthority TownofGraniteCornMunicipalNaturalGasDept. KieferPublicWorksAuthority TuttlePublicWorksAuthority

CovingtonMunicipalNaturalGasDept. MannfordPublicWorksAuthority ViciPublicWorksAuthorityDrumrightGasAuthority MincoGasAuthority WakitaUtilitiesAuthority

DustinPublicWorksAuthority NEOklahomaPublicFacilitiesAuthority WannPublicWorksAuthorityEastCentralOklahomaGasAuthority OrlandoPublicWorksAuthority WillowNaturalGasDept.

Inter-andIntrastateTransportationofNaturalGasThemajorityofnaturalgasistransportedviathecomplexwebofpipelineslistedbelowinFigure18.TheStateofOklahomaisnotresponsibleforregulationofinterstatepipelineswithinthestate.ThefederalPipelineandHazardousMaterialSafetyAdministration(PHMSA)isresponsibleforadministeringtheU.S.Department of Transportation’s national regulatory program to ensure the safe transportation ofnaturalgas,petroleum,andotherhazardousmaterialsbypipeline.

Figure18:U.S.NaturalGasPipelineMap

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However, the Oklahoma Corporation Commission’s (OCC) Pipeline Safety Division administers anintrastatepipelineregulatoryprogramtoassurethesafetransportationofnaturalgasbypipeline.TheCommissiondevelopsregulationsandotherapproachestoassuresafetyindesign,construction,testing,operation, maintenance, and emergency response to pipeline facilities. The Commission derives itsauthorityover intrastatepipelineoperations through state statutesand certificationagreementswiththeU.S.Departmentof Transportation. TheOCC's safety jurisdictionoverpipelines coversmore than240 intrastate gathering, transmission, and distribution operators and 16 intrastate hazardous liquidoperators.

Within Oklahoma, there are severalmajor intrastate pipeline networks. First, as shown in Figure 19,Enogex,anaffiliateof thepublicutilityOklahomaGas&Electric (OG&E),operatesapipelinenetworkthat gathers, processes, transports and stores natural gas throughout the state. The network iscomposed of approximately 8,000miles of pipe, nine processing plants, and 24 billion cubic feet ofstoragecapacity.

Figure19:EnogexPipelineNetwork

ONEGas,theparentcompanyofOklahomaNaturalGas,alsooperatesapipelinenetworkthatgathers,processes,transportsandstoresnaturalgasthroughoutthestate.ThispipelinemapisshownbelowinFigure20.Currently, thenetwork iscomposedofapproximately18,100milesofdistribution linesthatservice840,000customers.ONEGashasaffiliatesthatoperatetransmissionandstorageoperations inOklahoma that includemore than 2,500miles of pipeline and five strategically located undergroundstoragefacilities.

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Figure20:ONEOKPipelineNetwork

Figure 21 shows CenterPoint Energy operated-gas pipeline and equipment within Oklahoma. Asmentioned above, CenterPoint Oklahoma operates 2,703 miles of pipeline in the state and serves103,363 customers, including 92,721 residential customers and 10,642 commercial or industrialcustomers.

Figure21:CenterPointEnergyPipelineNetworkinOklahoma

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InterstateNaturalGasPipelineCompanies• ANRPipelineCo• CenterpointEnergyGasTransmissionCo• ColoradoInterstateGas• ElPasoNaturalGasCo.• KMInterstateGasCo.• MississippiRiverTransmissionCorp.• NaturalGasPipelineCompanyofAmerica• NorthernNaturalGasCo.• ONEOKGasTransmissionLLC• ONEOKGasTransportationSystem• PanhandleEasternPipelineCo.• SouthernStarCentralGasPipelineCo.• TranswesternPipelineCo.

TradeAssociationsInOklahoma,manytradeassociationsexist to represent thenaturalgas industry.Theseorganizationsareresponsiblefortraining,regulatoryissues,futureplanningandindustryrelations.Althoughtherearemyriad organizations to which companies may belong, some of the major natural gas associationsservingOklahomainclude:

AmericanGasAssociation(AGA)Mid-ContinentOilandGasAssociation

NaturalGasandEnergyAssociationofOklahoma(NGEAO)OklahomaGasAssociation(OGA)

OklahomaIndependentPetroleumAssociation(OIPA)

EnergyEfficiencyforNaturalGasBothof themajornaturalgasproviders inOklahomaofferenergyefficiencyprogramsfornaturalgas.OklahomaNaturalGasoffersresidentialefficiencyrebatesforfurnace,waterheating,orspaceheatingsystems and CenterPoint Energy offers both residential and commercial efficiency rebates on theseitems.SmallerprovidersinOklahomaalsoofferavarietyofprograms.

CompressedNaturalGasforTransportationIn2014,Oklahomahad4,660alternativefuelfleetvehiclesontheroadinthestate.Thesevehicleswerefueledbycompressednaturalgas(CNG),electricity,ethanol(E85),orliquefiedpetroleumgas.Togetherthesevehiclesutilizenearly1milliongallonsofalternativefuelannually.33Movingforward,Oklahomaisaggressivelypursuingalternativefuelvehiclesforstateandmunicipalfleets,especiallyCNGvehicles.In

33U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,RenewableandAlternativeFuels,AlternativeFuelVehicleData,http://www.eia.gov/renewable/afv/users.cfm?fs=a&ustate=ok&ufueltype=cng%2cevc%2ce85%2chyd%2clng%2clpg%2coth&uyear=2014(June7,2016).

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October 2012,Oklahoma led an effort to spur demand for additional CNG fleet vehicle purchases bycoordinatingwithover20otherstatestoissuealower-costRFPtoautomanufacturersthatwill lowerthecostpremiumfortheStateormunicipalitiestopurchaseCNGvehicles.

OklahomaisalsodevelopingthefuelinginfrastructuretosupporttheincreasingnumberofCNGvehiclesinthestate.AsofJune2016,Oklahomahad97publicCNGfuelingstationswithanother9stationsintheplanningphase.Oklahomahas themostpublicCNG fueling stationsper capita in theU.S.34Completelocation and contact information for these stations can be found inAppendix C. In addition, theU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’swebsiteoffersastationlocatorthatcansearchprivately-ownedCNGstations.Alternatively, a CNG station locator is available athttp://www.cngnow.com/stations/Pages/information.aspx. This website asks the user to identify anaddress,andthendisplaysthelocationandpriceofCNGavailableinthevicinityofthataddress.

COALPROFILEOklahomahasamodestamountofcoaldepositsinthestate;theseaccountfor0.5percentoftheU.S.reserves and 0.1 percent of annual national production. Even so, Oklahoma was ranked 21st in thenation for coal production in 2014. 35 In 2014, Oklahoma coalmines produced approximately 904thousandtonsofcoalin5minesacross4counties.Coalisthefuelsourceforapproximately40percentof the electricity generation in the state. The coal utilized for electricity generation in Oklahoma isprimarily fromWyoming and delivered by railcar. As shown in Figure 22, Oklahoma’s coalmines arelocated in thenortheast cornerof the state, andwithproper federal and statewaivers inplace, coalcouldhaveapotentialtoserveasafuelextenderincasesofsevereshortage.

Oklahoma’s coal industry is regulated by the Oklahoma Department of Mines. This departmentregulatestheproductionofcoalandenforcesandimplementsvariousprovisionsofstateandfederally-mandatedprogramsinhealth,safety,miningandlandreclamationpracticesassociatedwithsurfaceandsubsurfacemining.

34U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy,AlternativeFuelsDataCenter,AlternativeFuelingStationLocator,http://www.afdc.energy.gov/locator/stations/results?utf8=%E2%9C%93&location=oklahoma&filtered=true&fuel=CNG&private=true&planned=true&owner=all&payment=all&ev_level1=true&ev_level2=true&ev_dc_fast=true&radius_miles=5(June1,2016).35U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,StateTotalEnergyRankings,2014,http://www.eia.gov/state/rankings/?sid=US#/series/48(June1,2016).U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,Table6.CoalProductionandNumberofMinesbyStateandCoalRank,2014,http://www.eia.gov/coal/annual/pdf/table2.pdf(June21,2016).

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Figure22:OklahomaCoalProductionMap

.

Source:OklahomaDepartmentofMines,OklahomaCoal,http://www.ok.gov/mines/Coal_Program/Oklahoma_Coal/index.html(June1,2016).

FivecompaniesoperatecoalminesinOklahoma.Theseare:

BrazilCreekMiningFarrell-CooperMiningGeorgesColliers,Inc.JoshuaCoalCompanyPhoenixCoalCompany

PROPANEPROFILETheStateofOklahomadoesnotregulatepropanedealers.Rather,theOklahomaLPGasAdministrationregulatesthepropane industry.TheLPGasAdministration(a.k.a. theLPGasResearch,MarketingandSafety Commission), was created by the Oklahoma Legislature in 1994 to serve Oklahoma's propaneindustryandthethousandsofpropanecustomers.ItsCommissionersareindustryrepresentatives.36Itisimportanttonotethatoverthelastseveralyears,theOklahomaLegislaturehasproposedrollingtheLPGasAdministrationanditsfunctionsintotheCorporationCommission,butthebillhasnotyetpassed.

36OklahomaLPGasResearch,MarketingandSafetyCommission,OklahomaStatutesCitationized,http://oklpgas.org/documents/OS52Section420.20-Complete-2015.pdf(June1,2016).

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In 2014, propane was the primary heating source in 6.7 percent of the homes in Oklahoma.37Thenational average for this same year was 4.8%. This is largely due to the rural nature of much ofOklahomathatmakesnaturalgascostprohibitiveasafuelsource.Propaneistransportedinpipelinesorviatruckfordistributiontocustomers.Themajorpipelinesforpropaneinthestateareoperatedby:

Conoco Koch PhillipsDSE PDIM TransTexasExxon

The National Propane Gas Association (NPGA) is the national trade association representing the U.S.propane industry. Specific to energy assurance, they represent businesses engaged in the retailmarketingofpropanegasandpropanetransporters.

37U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,OklahomaStateProfileandEnergyEstimates,http://www.eia.gov/state/data.cfm?sid=OK#EnergyIndicators(June22,2016).

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ENERGYVULNERABILITYASSESSMENTS

This section provides information about events in Oklahoma that have historically caused energydisruptions and outlines potential or known vulnerabilities in Oklahoma’s energy infrastructure thatshouldbeconsideredaspartofenergyplanningandemergencyresponseactivities.Thisinformationisintended to acquaint officials and stakeholders with potential scenarios, patterns, trends, andfrequenciesofenergyincidentsinthestateofOklahoma,andtoprovideabasisforriskscenarios.

HistoricalAnalysisofEnergyEmergenciesinOklahomaTobetterunderstandandplanfor likelyemergencyscenarios,acomprehensivehistoryofOklahoma’senergy emergencies was compiled by the University of Oklahoma’s Center for Risk and CrisisManagement,which conductedamedia analysis of reportedenergy incidents thatoccurredbetweenJanuary2011andDecember2015.Oklahoma’stwomajornewspapers—theTulsaWorldandtheDailyOklahoman—wereused. Inall,173uniqueeventsweredocumented,with thecharacteristics listed inFigures23through25.

As listed in Figure 22, electricity incidents are by far themost prevalent,making up 63% of the 173events.Oilandnaturalgasincidentsaccountedfor14%and23%oftheemergencyevents,respectively.Lastly,wedidnothaveanyeventsthatdidnotfallintothesethreecategories.

Figure22:NumberofOklahomaEnergyIncidents,bySector,2011-2015

Figure23providesabrieflookatthecauseforeachofthe173energyincidents.Thoseincidentswhichdidnothaveaclearsourcecausereportedinthearticlewerenotcoded.Oftheenergyincidentswithareportedcause,mostwereaccidentalortechnicalinnature.Whenlookingattheoilsectors,mostoftheincidents were caused by accidents or natural disasters. Four oil events were reported without aspecifiedcause. In thenaturalgassector, thecausesof17 incidentswerenotreported;however, themajority of incidents with a reported cause were accidental. In comparison, the vast majority of

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incidentswithin theelectricity sectorwerecausedbynaturaldisasters.Only7electric incidentswerereportedwithoutaspecifiedcause.

Figure23:NumberofOklahomaEnergy Incidents,bySectorandReportedCause,2011-2015

Next,Figure24breaksouteachoftheseeventsbymonth.Theanalysisshowsthatthereisnoobviousmonthlytrendtotheoccurrenceofoilincidents.TherewerenooileventsforthemonthsofFebruary,May,orJune.Next,themajorityofnaturalgasincidentshaveoccurredinNovemberandDecember.Incomparison, themajority of electricity events occurred during the spring (March-May) or during thewinter(November-January),perhapsreflectingpatternsintheweather.ThepeakmonthswereinMarchandMay,with13and15incidentsrespectively.

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Figure24:NumberofOklahomaEnergyIncidents,bySectorandMonth,2011-2015

Finally,Figure25displaysthescopeofimpactofeachenergyincidentbysector.Incidentswithnoclearscopereportedinthenewsarticlewerenotcoded.Therewasonlyoneincidentfromeachthenaturalgas andoil categorieswith anunreported scope. Thesedata reveal a distinctivepattern—natural gasand oil incidents tend to be localized in nature whereas electricity incidents range from local tostatewideinscope.Thisfact,combinedwiththepreviousanalysis,indicatesthatelectricityincidentsarethemost common type of energy emergency in Oklahoma and also have the potential to affect thelargest number of people,making electricity incidents of the highest consequence and probability inOklahoma. In fact,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy reports indicated12electriceventsaffectingOklahomaoverafive-yearperiodrosetothestandardofrequiredfederalreporting.38Underanyofthefollowingcircumstances,anelectricprovidermustfileareport:

• Physicalattackthatcausesmajorinterruptionsorimpactstocriticalinfrastructurefacilitiesoroperations

• Cybereventthatcausesinterruptionsofelectricalsystemoperations

38U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OfficeofElectricityandEnergyReliability,ElectricDisturbanceEventSummaries,2002-present,http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/OE417_annual_summary.aspx(June1,2016).

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• Completeoperationalfailureorshut-downofthetransmissionand/ordistributionelectricalsystem

• ElectricalSystemSeparation(Islanding)wherepart/partsofapowergridremainoperationalinanotherwiseblackedoutareaofwithinthepartialfailureofanintegratedelectricalsystem

• Uncontrolledlossof300Megawattsormoreoffirmsystemloadsformorethan15minutesfromasingleincident

• Loadsheddingof100Megawattsormoreimplementedunderemergencyoperationalpolicy• System-widevoltagereductionsof3percentormore• Publicappealtoreducetheuseofelectricityforpurposesofmaintainingthecontinuityofthe

electricpowersystem• Physicalattackthatcouldpotentiallyimpactelectricpowersystemadequacyorreliability;or

vandalismwhichtargetscomponentsofanysecuritysystems• Cybereventthatcouldpotentiallyimpactelectricpowersystemadequacyorreliability• Lossofelectricservicetomorethan50,000customersfor1hourormore• Fuelsupplyemergenciesthatcouldimpactelectricpowersystemadequacyorreliability

Figure 25:Number ofOklahomaEnergy Incidents, by Sector andReported Scope,2011-2015

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InfrastructureVulnerabilitiesbyEnergySourceProtectingthestate’scriticalenergyinfrastructurecanbekeyinpreventingatleastsomeenergyemergencies,andtoprotectthisinfrastructure,anunderstandingofitsinherentvulnerabilitiesisalsokey.

ElectricInfrastructureVulnerabilitiesManyvariablescanthreatenthecomplexwebofelectricalinfrastructure,whichincludesitemssuchasgeneration facilities, transmission lines, substations, transformers and dams. Threats to electricinfrastructuremightinclude:

• Deliberateattacksontheelectricalsystem,whichcouldcomeinmanyforms.Almostallelectricity infrastructure represents potential targets. Some attacks, such as terroristactions,maybewiththeintentiontodisruptelectricitynetworks,whileothersmaybearesultofvandalismorcrimesuchascopper theft,bothofwhichcould lead tosystemfailures. In particular, hard-to-replace components of the electric grid such as thecustom-builttransformersthatincreasethevoltageofelectricitytolevelssuitedforbulktransmissionandthenreducevoltagefordistributiontocustomersarevulnerable.Veryfewof those transformersaremanufactured in theUnitedStates,and replacing themcan take many months. 39 Furthermore, as the electric grid becomes increasinglyautomated, thepower grid is susceptible to attacks fromcyber terrorists.A completediscussionofcybersecurityissuescanbefoundlaterinthissectionofthisplan.

• Natural disasters, which pose a particularly high risk in Oklahoma. Local distributioninfrastructure and transmission lines in particular are severely impacted by the icestorms,winds,lightening,andtornadosthatroutinelyoccurthroughoutthestate.Otherthreats includefloods(oftenexacerbatedbydroughtconditions),whichcandamageallsortsofelectricinfrastructureanddisruptthehydroelectricsystem.

• Accidents, which pose an additional threat to electric infrastructure in Oklahoma.Transmission lines are particularly vulnerable and can often be damaged by localconstructionprojectsortransportationaccidents.

• Systemic threats, such as a prolonged supply disruption to the common feedstocks for

electricgeneration(naturalgasorcoal)havethepotential todisruptelectricproviders’ability to meet consumer demand. Further, aging infrastructure can fail, potentiallyresultinginwidespreadorprolongedoutages.

39CommitteeonEnhancingtheRobustnessandResilienceofFutureElectricalTransmissionandDistributionintheUnitedStatestoTerroristAttack;BoardonEnergyandEnvironmentalSystems;DivisiononEngineeringandPhysicalSciences;NationalResearchCouncil,TerrorismandtheElectricPowerDeliverySystem(Washington,D.C.:TheNationalAcademiesPress,2012).

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NaturalGasInfrastructureVulnerabilitiesSimilar to the electric infrastructure, it is important to consider the potential threats to Oklahoma’snatural gas infrastructure, which includes wells, pipelines, transmission lines, gathering lines,distributionlines,andundergroundstoragefacilities.

In Oklahoma, natural gas pipeline operators have undertaken a process to self-identify their mostvulnerableinfrastructureandequipment.Thelistandlocationofthisinfrastructureiskeptconfidentialby the operators but the analysis is complete and on-hand in case of need. Potential threats to thisidentifiedinfrastructuremightinclude:

• Deliberateattacks,whichcouldberealizedtomanyportionsofnaturalgasproductionfacilities.Mostof thewellheadsare in remoteareasandare largelyunsecured. It isnot uncommon for accidents to occur and rupture these wellheads. In addition,intentional damage by either terrorists or vandals could occur. A similar potentialexists for the pipeline, processing facilities, pump stations, and ultimately the gasmeters.Allarepotentialtargetsforaccidentorintentionalattacks.

• Naturaldisasters,whicharehighlyprobableevents inthestate.Oklahoma isregularlyimpactedbyhighwinds,wildfires,tornados,andlightning,whichcoulddamagesurfaceinfrastructure. Every5-10miles,anaturalgaspumpingstationexistsabovegroundtore-pressurizethelines;thesestationsareoftenlocatedinremoteareasandarelargelyunprotected. In addition, the region is modestly seismically active, and the potentialexistsfordamagetooccurfromaseismicevent,affectingeithersurfaceinfrastructureorundergroundpipelines.

• Accidents, particularly accidental third party damage due to construction digging.

AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation,PipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafety Administration (PHMSA), there are currently 484 miles of natural gastransmissionlinesand32,773milesofgasdistributionlinesinOklahoma,40andalthoughthisabundanceofinfrastructuremakessupplyfar-reachingandreliable,italsoincreasesthepotentialforaccidentstooccur.

• Systemicthreats,whichincludepipelinecorrosionduetoaginginfrastructureoroverall

demandincreasesduetofavorablepricingornewlydevelopedendusesfornaturalgas.

40PHMSAAnnualReport:Oklahoma,https://hip.phmsa.dot.gov/analyticsSOAP/saw.dll?Portalpages(June21,2016).

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CrudeOilandPetroleumProductsInfrastructureVulnerabilitiesOklahoma’scrudeoilandpetroleumproducts infrastructure,which includescrudeoilproduction rigs,storage facilities,pipelines, refineries,and fuelingstations, facea variety of threats. In particular, Oklahoma is home to theCushing Crude Oil Hub. Cushing is a major hub in oil supplyconnectingtheGulfCoastsupplierswithnorthernconsumers.Upto75percentofnation’s crudeoilpasses through this junction,supplying significant amounts of oil to the eastern andmidwesternportionsoftheUnitedStates.Inadditiontoactingasa supply hub, Cushing is surroundedby several tank farms (seeFigure 26), most of which are owned by major petroleumcompanies including BP, Enbridge Energy Partners, Plains All-American Pipeline, and SemGroup Energy Partners. Whencombined,theCushingtankfarmscanstoreasmuchas46.3millionbarrelsofoilatatime.41Themajorpipelines thatsupplyCushing includeSpearhead (90,000bbl/d),Pegasus (96,000bbl/d),andKeystone(591,000bbl/d).

• Deliberate attacks could threaten all types of critical petroleum infrastructure. Oilproductionrigs,storagefacilities,pipelines,andrefineriesareallvulnerabletodeliberateattacks. First, crude oil is often stored in above ground tanks, both at the productionsites,tankfarms,andrefineries.Insomecases,thesetanksarelargelyunprotected.TheStaterequiresa24-houremergencynumbertobepostedateachwellsite,butthisistheonly State asset protection requirement—additional protection measures are at thecompany’sdiscretion.Theseisolatedandunsecuredtanks,whilevulnerable,wouldposelittle impact on the overall supply of energy to the state if theywere to be damagedintentionallyorotherwise.AsattheCushingPipelineHuborinthevicinityofrefineries,some areas have high concentrations of tanks. These areas are more secure, but notcompletely.TheStatedoesrequireadditionalprotectivemeasuresatdisposalsites,suchas gates, and cities can set more stringent measures if they choose for sites locatedwithin urban areas. In addition, according to the U. S. Department of Transportation,Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), there are currently4,052milesofcrudeoilpipelinesinOklahoma.

• Naturaldisastersalsopresentarisktocrudeoilandpetroleuminfrastructure.Highwinds

and tornadic events could damage production and refinery operations, lightning couldstrike infrastructure likestoragetanks, leading tosupplyshortages,andseismicactivitycouldpotentiallydamageinfrastructure.

• Accidents are potential risks, particularly for production and pipelines. In particular,

accidentalpipelineruptureduetounrelatedconstructiondiggingcanbecommon.

41U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration,WorkingStorageCapacitybyPADDistrictasofMarch31,2016.http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/storagecapacity/table1.pdf(June21,2016)

FIGURE26:AERIALVIEW-CUSHINGTANKFARM

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• Systemic threats, such as the inability to increase crude oil production beyond thecurrentreserves.Additionally,refiningcapacitymaybeunabletoincreaseproductiontosupportanticipatedincreasedfuturedemands.

CybersecurityPlanningAs energy generation and control systems becomemore digitally automated, their critical electronicsystems,includingcommunicationssystems,sensorsandcontrolscreatenewvulnerabilitiestooutsideattack.Whileinthepast,interruptingtheflowofenergyrequiredphysicaldamage,todaythesameorevengreatereffectscanbeachievedbyinterceptingandalteringelectronicsignals.InnovationssuchastheSmartGrid intheelectricsectorandremotemeterreading,serviceconnections,andcutoffs inthenaturalgasindustryallowutilitiestoincreasespeedofresponse,allowmorecustomerchoice,and,onceinstalled,reducecosts.

However,these“smarter”systemsalsopresentnewchallenges,sinceasenergygenerationandcontrolsystemsbecomemoredigitallyautomated, their criticalelectronic systems, includingcommunicationssystems,sensorsandcontrolsbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletooutsideattack.

In the past year, the number of reported cyber attacks involving critical infrastructure in the energysectorincluded46reportedattacks42(notincludingnuclearreactors),downfrom79in2014.43Despitethis year over year decline, cybersecurity is an ever increasing factor in system planning anddevelopmentattheindustrial,state,federalandinternationallevel.Companiessuchaspublicutilitiesmustcontinuallyimprovetheirsystemmonitoringandprotections,whilegovernmentsatalllevelsmustcontinuetoupgradesecuritystandards.Attheinternationallevelconferencesarebeingheldwiththegoal of establishing treaties that may list some items, such as utilities and civilian human needsprogramsasofflimitstocyberattack.

Currently,manyindustrystandardsandfederalguidelinesexisttohelpenergyprovidersaddressissuesofcybersecurity;however,thesestandardsareeverevolvingandfewarebinding.TheEnergyPolicyActof 2005 created mandatory cybersecurity standards, which were developed by the North AmericanElectricReliabilityCorporation (NERC), but theseenforceable standardsonly apply to theelectric andnuclear industries. However, as the issue of cybersecurity becomes more pressing, the federalgovernment is showing increased interest inensuring thatall typesofprivatebusinessesare ready tomeetthechallengesofadigitalage. In2012,theUnitedStatesCongress introducedbutfailedtopasslegislationrelatedtocybersecurity.IntheabsenceofCongressionalaction,inFebruary2013,PresidentObamasignedanExecutiveOrderrequiringtheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)todevelopaCybersecurityFrameworkthatincludesstandards,methodologies,procedures,andprocesses

42U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,ICS-CERTMonitorNewsletter,November-December2015,https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/Monitors/ICS-CERT_Monitor_Nov-Dec2015_S508C.pdf(June9,2016).43U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,ICS-CERTMonitorNewsletter,September2014-February2015,https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/Monitors/ICS-CERT_Monitor_Sep2014-Feb2015.pdf(June9,2016).

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thatalignpolicy,business,andtechnologicalapproachestoaddresscyberrisks.ThefinalFrameworkwillbecompletedin2014.TheExecutiveOrderalsocreatedaVoluntaryCriticalInfrastructureCybersecurityProgramforutilities,transportationandtelecommunicationsfirmstoadoptthecybersecuritystandardsoutlinedintheCybersecurityFramework.44Itisimportanttonotethatthesefederalagencieswillalsobe considering incentives forownersof critical infrastructure toparticipate inadopting the standardsoutlinedintheFramework.

As standards and regulations continue to develop, the U.S. Department of Energy has worked withelectricutilities inparticulartocreateanElectricitySubsectorCybersecurityCapabilityMaturityModel(ES-C2M2)45,whichallowselectricutilitiesandgridoperators toassess their cybersecurity capabilitiesand prioritize their actions and investments to improve cybersecurity, and combines elements fromexistingcybersecurityeffortsintoacommontoolthatcanbeusedconsistentlyacrosstheindustry.TheES-C2M2 was developed as part of a White House initiative led by the Department of Energy inpartnership with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and involved close collaboration withindustry,otherFederalagencies,andotherstakeholders,includingCenterPointEnergy.

Otherresourcescurrentlyavailabletotheenergyindustrytohelpwithcybersecurityplanninginclude:the U.S. DOE-issued Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity RiskManagement Process (RMP) Guideline46,whichhelpsutilitiesbetterunderstandtheircybersecurityrisks,assessseverity,andallocateresourcesmore efficiently to manage those risks; the Roadmap to Achieve Energy Delivery SystemsCybersecurity47,whichoutlinesastrategic frameworkover thenextdecadetodesign, install,operate,andmaintain a resilient energy delivery system capable of surviving cyber incidents while sustainingcritical functions; the NARUC Cybersecurity Primer for State Regulators48; and the NARUC CriticalInfrastructureCommitteecybersecurityresolution49.

44Exec.OrderNo.13,636,78Fed.Reg.11737(Feb.19,2013).45U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability,ElectricitySubsectorCybersecurityCapabilityMaturityModel,http://energy.gov/oe/services/cybersecurity/electricity-subsector-cybersecurity-capability-maturity-model(June1,2016).46U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,ElectricitySubsectorCybersecurityRiskManagementProcess,http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Cybersecurity%20Risk%20Management%20Process%20Guideline%20-%20Final%20-%20May%202012.pdf(June1,2016).47U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability,RoadmaptoAchieveEnergyDeliverySystemsCybersecurity—2011,http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/roadmap-achieve-energy-delivery-systems-cybersecurity-2011(June1,2016).48NationalAssociationofRegulatoryUtilityCommissioners,CybersecurityforStateRegulatorsWithSampleQuestionsforRegulatorsToAskUtilities,http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/NARUC%20Cybersecurity%20for%20State%20Regulators%20Primer%20-%20June%202012.pdf(June1,2016). 49Adoptedin2010,theresolutionencouragescommissionstoopenadialoguewiththeirregulatedutilitiestoensurethattheseorganizationsareincompliancewithstandards,andwhereapplicable,ensurethatcost-effectiveprotectionandpreparednessmeasuresareemployedtodeter,detect,andrespondtocyber-attacks,andtomitigateandrecoverfromtheireffects.Italsoencouragescommissionstoregularlyrevisittheirowncybersecuritypoliciesandprocedurestoensurethattheyareincompliancewithapplicablestandardsandbestpractices,suchas

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Oklahoma’s major electric and gas utilities are devoting significant resources to planning for andimplementing cybersecurity strategies, and are integrating these strategies as central in corporatepolicies.

CybersecurityMeasuresintheElectricSector

OklahomaGas&ElectricCompanyOklahomaGas&Electric(OG&E),thestate’slargestelectricutility,hasanoverallcybersecurityplaninplacewhichislayeredandbasedonindustrystandards(NERCCIP,NIST,ISO).TheutilityhasaninternalCorporate Security Team, Cyber Security Team, and Physical Security Team that regularly test theutility’sphysicalandcyberdefensestrategies,andalsoconductsecurityassessmentsatleastannuallytoensurethatifacyber-attackdidoccurthattheutilitycouldrestoreoperations.

The standing security teams in place have identified OG&E’s most critical substations for keepingelectricityon,andfocusonprotectingtheseassetsbothphysicallyandfromacybersecuritystandpoint.Toprevent incidents, the teamsmonitorproactively forpotential threatconditions, includingworkingwiththeU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,andperformthreatandvulnerabilityanalysestoevaluatedifferentstandardsandselecttheappropriatecontrols.

As an example of its commitment to cybersecurity issues, OG&E has developed a Critical OperationsProtection (COP) program, which is a cybersecurity protection safeguard specifically for smart griddeployment. TheCOPprogramprotects the innerworkingsof the smart grid systems toensure thathackers are unable to disturb the national electric grid by simultaneously turning off power tomanycustomers.ThisplanhasbeenreviewedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.

Finally, OG&E is working with an electric utility smart grid consortium to discuss common industrysecurityissues,andtodirectthirdpartyvendorsonwhatnewcybersecuritymeasurestoimplementandtoreviewannual3rdpartysecuritytestingofthelayeringapproach.

If a cyber event were to occur, as a part of OG&E’s compliance with NERC Critical InfrastructureProtection Reliability Standards, OG&E notifies NERC, applicable Governmental Agencies, and otherpotentially impacted electric entities. These requirements are incorporated in OG&E’s policies andIncidentResponsePlans.OG&EalsohasBusinessRecoveryandBusinessContinuanceplanstoaddressthe potential loss of systems, facilities, and the availability of people to run its critical systems.Additionally,OG&EhasPrivacyandConfidentialitypoliciesandpracticesassociatedwiththeexfiltrationofsensitiveinformationincludingdatathathasbeendesignatedasprotectedcustomerinformation.

thoseoftheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)andCertificationforInformationSystemSecurityProfessionals(CISSP).Thefulltextoftheresolutioncanbefoundathttps://prodnet.www.neca.org/publicationsdocs/wwpdf/narucresolutions.pdf.

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PublicServiceCompanyofOklahomaPublic Service Company ofOklahoma (PSO),which is a division of the national corporation AmericanElectric Power (AEP), utilizes AEP-wide policies in its approach to cybersecurity. AEP’s cybersecurityapproach is based on a philosophy that every information asset within the organization must bereviewed and secured in accordance with its criticality and impact to the corporation’s overalloperations.AEPpoliciesarebuiltaroundnationaland international standards (NIST, ISO)andutilizealayered approach to security. AEP maintains a dynamic cybersecurity testing program which testssystemsagainstcyberthreats.AEPalsoemphasizescompany-widestafftrainingwithannuallyrequiredcybersecurity training for all employees as well as quarterly events on timely topics. The companyreviewsitpoliciesandprocedurestoensurethattheyareuptodateandprotectitsassetsagainstever-evolvingthreats.

AEP approaches cybersecurity from both an engineering and operations approach. First, engineeringstaff reviews all technologies before production and with each new version to determine theappropriate balance of security is within business requirements, and then design solution based ontheseassessments.Operationsstaffmonitorsandcontrolssecurityonceatechnologyisinproduction,including log management, day-to-day monitoring, intrusion detection/prevention, and proactiveanalysisofmalcodetoreducetheriskofthreatsaffectingAEPassets.

AEP also hosts a Cybersecurity Operations Center—a joint operation between AEP and LockheedMartin—to identify and evaluate risks across utilities and report these so that others can takepreventativeactions.Finally,AEPcontributesasamemberofacybersecurityconsortiumconsistingof6majorutilitiesthatworkingwiththirdpartyvendorstohelpidentifynewcybersecurityproceduresandtechniques.

In the event of a cybersecurity incident, AEP has a mature, documented, and tested Cyber IncidentResponseprocess,which includespersonal contactswith federal agencies such as theDepartmentofHomelandSecurity,DepartmentofEnergy,FBI,ES-ISAC,andothers. AEP isalso required tonotify itscustomersifitbelievesthatcustomerdatahasbeenaccessedaspartofthecyberincident.

WesternFarmersElectricCooperativeCooperativeelectricprovidersarealsoemphasizingcybersecurityprotocols.AtWesternFarmersElectricCooperative (WFEC), a dedicated security operations team, which includes a cybersecurity group,monitorsWFECsystemsandpreventsintrusionsusingthecooperative’swrittensecuritypolicy.TheseprotocolsarefullycompliantwithNERCCIPstandards.Thecooperativealsousesthirdpartyvendorstoconduct annual cyber vulnerability assessments andparticipates inDepartmentofHomelandSecurityandFBIbriefingstoassistitinmonitoringforpotentialthreats.

Further,thecooperativehas initiatedan informationprotectionprogram,which identifies,marks,andstores separately that information classified as sensitive and confidential. Access is limited, and anyemployeewithaccessreceivesannualtrainingonappropriatehandlingofcriticalinformation.

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Inadditiontothesepreventativemeasures,WFEChaswrittenaCyberEmergencyResponsePlan,whichistestedannually.Thisplanensuresthatshouldacyberattackoccur,thecooperativecouldrecoverandensurereliabilityofserviceforitsmembercustomers.

GrandRiverDamAuthorityFinally, publicly owned utilities are also making investments in cybersecurity. The Grand River DamAuthority has cyber and physical security policies in place to protect the reliability of the services itprovidesandtheequipmentitusestoprovidethem.BecauseGRDAmanagesapartoftheBulkElectricSystem,thesesystemsthatsupportreliabilityof“thegrid”mustbeprotectedagainstphysicalandcyberdamage. To do this, GRDA incorporates industry best practices as well as NERC CIP (CriticalInfrastructureProtection)reliabilitystandardrequirementsintoitssecurityandreliabilityprocesses.Itspoliciesaddressstepstakenforprotection,supportanddisasterrecoveryforitscriticalcybersystems.

GRDAcompletesfrequentreviewstoidentifyitscriticallocationsandequipmentandappliesenhancedphysical and cybersecurity controls to these assets to protect them from physical or cyber attacks,corruption or loss. GRDA’s cybersecurity teams receive training on current cybersecurity issues andtechniquesandparticipate in federal cybersecurity informationandalerting systemshostedbyNERC,theU.S.DOE,andtheFBI.

GRDAphysicalandcybersecurityteamstestsecuritycontrolsonaregularbasis,alwayslookingforwaysto better protect the utility’s systems. Backup systems and incident response plans are tested andimproveduponwhenpossibleinanefforttostreamlineourresponsestoproblemswhentheyoccur.Asthecyberthreatmatrixchanges,GRDAmakeschangestohowitdefendsagainstandrespondstobothphysical and cybersecurity risks. This “continuous improvement” approach to both physical andcybersecurityisalwaysevolvingtomeettheemergingthreatstoreliability.

Finally, GRDA participates in industry cybersecurity conferences, working groups, and peer sharingeventstostayinformedofsecurityrisks.Theseknowledgesharingopportunitiesensuretheutilitycanincorporateindustryreliabilityandsecuritybestpracticesastheydevelop.

CybersecurityMeasuresintheNaturalGasSector

OklahomaNaturalGasCompanyOn thenatural gas side,OklahomaNaturalGasCompany (ONG), adivisionofONEOK, Inc., hashadacybersecurity plan in place for several years using national standards (NIST, ISO) to create a securityframework that includes a dozen security domains. These domains include areas such as riskmanagement,informationandassetmanagement,andthreatandvulnerabilitymanagement.Theplanformulatesspecific responses forvariousescalatingscenarios thatemployeescan implementshouldacybereventoccur.

ONEOKhasastandinginformationsecurityadvisoryteaminplacethatmeetsregularlytodiscussnewandongoingcyber threats,workswith theU.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurityandFBI tomonitor

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threats and share information, and also provides in-house security training for ONG employees. Theutilityalsoemphasizesthirdpartysecuritybyevaluatingthecybersecurityprocessesofitsvendorsandseekingtoincludecontractualsecurityobligationsinitsvendoragreements.

Aspartofitscybersecurityplanning,ONGhasconductedriskassessmentsonitselectronicassetsand,ifnecessary, has put additional physical security in place to protect these assets. The utility alsoemphasizes a layering approach for electronic security and utilizes this approach when storing,encrypting,andaccessingdata.

Finally, ONG also participates in the American Gas Association and the Interstate Natural GasAssociationofAmerica,bothofwhichhavesecurityworkinggroups.

If a response to a cyber incident was needed, ONEOK is required to follow all applicable reportingregulations. For example, if the breach involves a loss of Personally Identifiable Information (PII),ONEOK would be obligated to comply with all applicable state breach notification laws. Currently,notification of the loss to the affected persons is required by these state regulations. If a breach isdetected on a control system network, currently there is no legally mandated notificationrequirement. However, in the situation of amaterial cyber incident, ONEOKwould likely notify andcooperate with various federal government agencies in an effort to both (1) request assistance inevaluatingandremediatingthecontrolsystembreach;and(2)allowtheseagenciestoaidothercriticalinfrastructuresectororganizationsinprotectingtheirownnetworks.ONEOKcurrentlyhasprocessesinplacetorecoverfrombreachscenariosinvolvingeitherPIIorcontrolsystems.

CenterPointEnergyCenterPointEnergyhasanestablishedcybersecuritypolicyandsetofpractices that includecustomerdata protection. The utility alsomaintains a dedicated corporate staffwith primary responsibility forcybersecurity, and requires additional professional certifications for those staff assigned to criticalinfrastructure assets. CenterPoint’s cybersecurity strategy relies on strategic layering and redundancyapproachestoensureprotectionagainstattack,andcontinuityofserviceshouldacyber-attackoccur.

ThedevelopmentofCenterPoint’spracticesinvolvedextensivecollaborationwithitssuppliers,industryassociationsandregulatorygroups,andvariousbranchesofthefederalgovernment.ExamplesofthesearetheAmericanGasAssociation(“AGA”), the InterstateNaturalGasAssociationofAmerica (INGAA),theNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(“NIST”),theU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,theFBI,theDepartmentofHomelandSecurity,andvariousnational laboratories. Inaddition,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyhasreviewedandapprovedCenterPoint’scybersecuritystrategy.

Sincecybersecuritythreatsareconstantlychangingandevolving,CenterPointhasalsopartneredwiththird party vendors to provide outside expertise that improves the company’s cybersecurity incidentresponsecapabilities.Aspartoftheseefforts, thirdpartyvendorshaveconductedpenetrationtestingonCenterPoint’ssystem.

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CenterPointplacesaparticularemphasisonstaff trainingasadeterrent tocyber incidents.Within30daysofemployment,andasanannualeducationrequirement,employeescompleteandaretestedonaSecurity Awareness Course covering both physical and cybersecurity. The utility also conducts SocialEngineeringTestsperiodicallyinconjunctionwithannualITSecurityAudits.

Intheeventofacyberincident,CenterPointhasdetailedresponseplansinplace.Iftheeventinvolvesaserviceinterruption,theutilitywillutilizeitsoperationalresponseplans,whichincludecommunicationsbetween local, state and federal jurisdictions, to restore service. This includes notification to theDepartment of Homeland Security, Department of Energy, Transportation Security Administration,AmericanGasAssociation, InterstateNaturalGasAssociationofAmerica,andEdisonElectric Institute.If computer systemswere compromised, theutility has the capability to operate its systemmanuallyuntilelectronicsystemsarerestored.Inaddition,ifcustomerdatawerecompromised,theutilitywouldnotify its customers through its cybersecurity insurance policy provider, and would also notify local,stateandfederalconsumer-focusedagencies.

Theservicerestorationprocesswoulddifferdependingonthetypeofcyberincident,butcouldrequireisolation of the computer systems from the impacted physical asset(s) via termination ofcommunications and/or isolation of the system. The service restoration would involve manualoperationeffortsuntiltherecoveryofthecomputersystems.Thecomputersystemsrestorationwouldinvolve a restore from CenterPoint’s back-up and recovery procedures; however, an extremelysophisticatedcompromisefromanadvancedpersistentthreatmayrequireassistancefromICS-CERTaswellashighlyspecializedresources fromthecomputersoftwareproviderandotherspecializedcyberresourcesprovidedbyconsultantexperts.

CybersecurityMeasuresintheTelecommunicationsSectorAT&T and Cox Communications, the largest telecommunications providers in Oklahoma, are activemembersoftheCommunicationsSecurity,ReliabilityandInteroperabilityCouncil(CSRIC)thatservesasanofficialadvisorygrouptotheFederalCommunicationsCommission.ThecybersecurityworkinggroupwithintheCSRIChasproducedanearly150-pagemanualofbestpracticestoplanforandrespondtocybersecurityevents.Infact,AT&TandCoxCommunicationsservedasco-chairsofthisworkinggroup.

TheCSRICwasestablishedasaFederalAdvisoryCommitteedesignedtoproviderecommendationstotheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)regardingbestpracticesandactionstheCommissioncantake to ensure optimal security, reliability, and interoperability of communications systems, includingtelecommunications,mediaandpublic safetycommunicationssystems. Indrafting their report,whichwas issued in 2011, theworking group analyzed existing best practices from leading industry groupsincludingNRIC,NIST, SANS, and IEEE, and recommendedmodifications and updates to these existingpracticesbasedontechnologychanges,newthreats,andotherindustrydevelopments.

A copy of the group’s full recommendations for the telecommunications industry can be viewed athttp://transition.fcc.gov/pshs/docs/csric/WG2A-Cyber-Security-Best-Practices-Final-Report.pdf.

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ResponseandCommunicationafterCyberEventsA full discussion of the response mechanisms and communications channels for all types of energyemergencies can be found in the Energy Emergencies Communications Procedures and Mitigating,Tracking, and Responding to Energy Emergencies sections of this plan. It is however, important torecognize,thatintheaftermathofacyberevent,manyelectroniccommunicationschannelsbetweenautility and emergency planners and responders may be compromised or severed, and alternativemethodsofcommunicationshouldbeidentifiedaspartofeachutility’splanningprocess.Itisimportanttonote thatallof themajorelectricandnaturalgasproviders inOklahomaare registered touse theGovernment Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS).50Participation in this service will helputilities maintain communications channels in the event of emergency. Cyber events also bringparticular potential for automated controls to be compromised, and therefore restoration may bedelayedifmanualcontrolsmustbeutilizedtorespondtotheeffectsofacyberevent.

In addition, to be fully prepared to respond to a potential cyber event, it is advisable for stateemergencyplannersandutilityregulatorstomeetatleastannuallywithenergyproviderstoensurethatupdates to their cyber security plans are captured, and that newly released recommendations orregulationsareincludedintheseplans.

RegionalTransmissionOrganizationsFor several years the Regional TransmissionOrganizations (RTOs) have been developing transmissionsystemsthatarecost-sharedthroughoutthestatesintheregion.InthecaseofOklahomathisfunctionis performed by the Southwest Power Pool. Increasingly the transmission functions of the memberutilitiesaredirectedbyanRTOoranIndependentSystemOperator(ISO).TheRTOconceptisunderthesupervisory authority of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).The RTO sets thecybersecurityprotocolforthemulti-statetransmissionsystemunderFERCsupervision.

Today, RTOs are creating a region-wide generation economic dispatch system.Here the individualelectricutilities informtheRTOwhattheirexpectedloadwillbeforthenextdayandwhatgeneratingfacilitiestheutilityhasavailable.TheRTOwillthendispatchthevariousgeneratingunitsonthebasisofwhat is economicallymost favorable tomeet the loadof the entire region and set amarket clearingpricethattheutilitywillbechargedforelectricityreceivedaswellaspaidforelectricitygenerated.Thiswouldincludetheuseofrenewablesourcesofenergyenteringtheelectricsystem,suchaswind,solarandhydroelectricpower.HereagainthecybersecurityofthesystemwillbehandedbytheRTOatthemulti-statelevelwithFERCoversight.

50U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.GovernmentEmergencyTelecommunicationsService,https://www.dhs.gov/government-emergency-telecommunications-service-gets(June1,2016).

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SectorInterdependenciesOneofthegreatestvulnerabilitieswhenplanningforenergyemergenciesistheinterdependencewithintheenergysectorbetweenenergysourcesandbetweentheenergysectorandotherindustrysectors.Inanytypeofenergyemergencyorsupplydisruption,therecanbedownstreamconsequencesthataffectother areas of the economy. Thus, it is wise to plan for scenarios in which energy shortages oremergencies impact other vital industries critical to restoration of normal conditions. A few of thesescenariosareoutlinedbelow.

Downstreamconsequencesofanelectricaldisruptionmayinclude:

• Failureofpetroleumsupplyinfrastructuretofunctionwhenelectricpowerisinterrupted• Outagesatrefineriesandgasprocessingplantsduetoelectricoutages• Outagesofnaturalgasappliancesasrestorationofelectricalservicetriggerspilotlights

simultaneouslyandde-pressurizesgaslines• Failureofwatersupplyandpurificationsystemstooperatewhenpowerislost• Secondaryutilitysystemtime-to-failurewhenback-upstorageisexhausted• Failureofinformationsystemnetworks,includingwiredandcellulartelephones• Failureof9-1-1systems• Failureofenvironmentalcontrolsystems,whichwouldresultinrisktostateresidentsdueto

extremeheatandcoldtemperaturescommonlyoccurringinthestate• Failureofretailgascompaniestopumpgas,astheyaredependentuponelectricityforpump

functionLookingtothefuture,Oklahomaenergyassuranceplannersshouldanalyzeopportunitiestolessentheinterdependenciesbetween theelectric sectorandother sectors,orataminimum,havecontingencyandredundancyplansinplacetoovercomethesecondaryconsequencesofanenergysupplydisruptionoremergency.

First,certainchangestoinfrastructurethatisreliantonelectricpowerwouldreducethekindofmutualdependenciesthatresultinwiderblackouts.Forexample,moretrafficlightscouldrunonhigh-efficiencyL.E.D.lampsandbeequippedwithbatteriestoreducethepossibilitythatduringanelectricfailuretherewillalsobealossoftrafficcontrol.Similarly,smallgeneratorscouldbeplacedinareaswherepowerisneededforpumpingwater,asmanyruralOklahomacustomersutilizewellwaterpumpedwithelectricmotorsandmaylosewaterservicewhentheirelectricityfails.Inaddition,thelocationoflargefuelingstationscanbepre-identifiedsothatincaseofelectricfailure—andthereforegasolinepumpfailure—large battery-powered generators can be quickly delivered to these sites in order to ensure fuelavailability for emergency responders and critical needs. During restoration efforts, electric utilitiesshouldworkcollaborativelywithnaturalgasproviders tocooperativelybringsmall sectionsofelectric

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customersbackonlinesothatgas linesarenotsuddenlyde-pressurizedaselectric-startpilot lightsonfurnacesallre-lightsimultaneously.51

Topreventfailureof landlinetelecommunicationsystems,providersrelyonback-upbatteries locatedattheircentraloffices.Thesebatteriesareperiodicallychargedbymobilegeneratorshousedonflatbedtrucks. In the caseof cellular communications,battery-poweredbackupgeneratorsareutilizedat celltowersforshort-termoutagesituations.Thesetowerscanalsobere-chargedusingmobilegenerators.Inaddition,largercellularprovidersofferCellularonWheels,avehicle-mountedcellulartowerthatcanbemovedfromlocationtolocationasneeded.Forlonger-termoutagesituations,fuel-basedgeneratorscanbeinstalledbutitisunknowntodayhowwidelytheseareutilizedbytelecommunicationsprovidersinOklahoma.52

Finally,thenaturalgassystemisequippedwithpumpsthatrunonnaturalgasinsteadofelectricitysothatthesystemcansurviveanextendedblackout.

Downstreamconsequencesofanaturalgasdisruptionmayinclude:

• Lossofelectricitygenerationinthestateandotherregionsaswell• Lossofaprimaryhomeheatingsourceinthestate(60%ofhomes)andinotherregions• LossoffuelsourceforCompressedNaturalGas(CNG)vehicles,anincreasingcomponentof

municipalandstatefleetsaswellasprivatefleets.

To reduce downstream consequences from natural gas incidents such as the ones outlined above,Oklahoma utilities should ensure a feedstock mix in their generation capacity—in practice, thisdiversification is already increasing as the reliance on energy sources such as wind power grows.Similarly,diversificationoffuelsources,includinggasolineandelectricity,forpublicsectorfleetvehicles

51Cooperationiscriticalbecausewhengaslinessuddenlylosepressure,thenaturalgasutilitymayneedtogodoor-to-doortomanuallycheckeachresidence’sappliances,sinceallgas-poweredappliancescanbeaffectedifagaslinelosespressure.InOklahoma,thiscollaborationcurrentlyhappensbetweenONEGasandOG&E—duringrestorationefforts,ONEGasembedsanemployeeintheOG&Erestorationfieldteamtocoordinateefforts.However,thiscooperationisnotyetuniversalbetweennaturalgasandelectricproviders.Universalcooperationisencouragedasafutureactivity.52Asthegeneralpublicreliesmoreheavilyoncellularcommunications,howcarriersprepareforpoweroutagescanbeacriticalpieceofknowledge.Today,manycellulartowershavebattery-poweredbackup-powersystemsthatworkforeightto12hours.However,intimesofextendedoutages,thedepletionofthesebatteriesmeanthatresidentsrelyingoncellulartelecommunicationswillbeunabletocallforassistancefromfirstresponders.Fuel-basedbackupgeneratorscanbeasolutiontothispotentialconcern.Onelargeprovider,AT&T,currentlyhasthesebackupgeneratorsatapproximately50%oftheirtowersnationwide.Anothermajorprovider,Verizon,hasbackupgeneratorsatmostoftheirtowerswithacorporategoaltohavegeneratorsateverycellsite.However,carriersandregulatorshavedisagreedoverproposedstandardsforbackuppoweratcellphoneantennas.TheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)adoptedrulesrequiringcarrierstohaveaminimumlevelofbackuppower,buttheserulesweresuccessfullychallengedincourtbycellularproviders.Emergencyrespondersshouldbeawareofthesepotentiallimitationswhenplanningforcommunicationsstrategiesamongstthemselvesafterelectricityoutages,andthepublicshouldbeawareofthepotentialforextendedcellularoutagesshouldbackupgenerationnotbeavailable.

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will ensure the capability of state and local governments to continue to respond in emergencysituations.

Downstreamconsequencesofapetroleumdisruptionmayinclude:

• Transportationdisruptionsiffuelshortagespersist;thesedisruptionsmayaffectnotonlyOklahomabutstatesthatrelyonOklahoma’sexportedpetroleumfortheirownsupplies.

• Disruptionstodeliveriesofpropanebytrucktoruralcustomers,therebycreatingasecondaryenergyshortage.

• Inabilityofdiesel-fueledgeneratorstofunctionasbackuppowersourcesforcriticalinfrastructuresuchashospitalsorcellulartowers.

Toreducedownstreamconsequencesfrompetroleumdisruptions,statesshouldencouragediversityinfuel sources for the transportation sector, perhaps exploring compressed natural gas or biodieselopportunities for the trucking industry, so that in extendeddisruptions, fuel deliveries can still occur,evenifwithlessfrequency.

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ENERGYEMERGENCYRESPONSIBILITIES

PUBLICSECTORSTAKEHOLDERSThis section of the plan identifies the principal governmental agencies and their assigned roles inresponding to an energy emergency. These roles, jurisdictions, and responsibilities are derived fromboth federal and state emergency response frameworks. At the federal level, Emergency SupportFunction(ESF-12-Energy)undertheNationalResponseFramework(NRF)delineatestherelevantactorsandtheirresponsibilities.53InthestateofOklahoma,theseresponsibilitiesarespelledoutintheEnergyAnnex(ESF-12)oftheOklahomaEmergencyOperationsPlan.

StateAgenciesThere are a number of state agencies which have responsibilities for preventing and responding toenergy emergencies. Figure 27 depicts the flow of responsibility, and the section below outlines thespecificrolesofeachagency.

Figure27:ResponsibilityforEnergyAssuranceinOklahoma

53U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,NationalResponseFramework,http://www.fema.gov/NRF(June7,2016).

Governor

DepartmentofEmergencyManagement

OklahomaEmergencyOperayonsPlan

EnergyAnnex(ESF-12)

OklahomaCorporayonCommission

Leadagencyinallnon-propanerelatedenergyemergencies

LPGasAdministrayon

Leadagencyinallpropane-relatedenergyemergencies

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Governor’sOfficeAsisthecaseinallstates,theGovernorandGovernor’sofficeisultimatelyresponsibleforensuringthehealth, safety, and general welfare of Oklahoma residents. This responsibility includes responding toenergyemergencies.TheinvolvementoftheGovernorinenergyassurancewillvarydependingontheseverityoftheemergency.Ifanenergyemergencyposesanimminentthreat(Level3orLevel4)totheresidents of Oklahoma, the Governor will become directly involved in the emergency response. Theactions of the Governor will also vary on a case-by-case basis. During less severe disruptions, theGovernor may simply want to remain informed about events as they unfold. In more severeemergencies,theGovernorhastheabilitytoactivatetheOklahomaEmergencyOperationsPlan(EOP)anddeclareaStateofEmergency(whichfreesupstateassetsandallowsforthetemporarysuspensionofenergylaws/regulationsthatmayimpedeaneffectiveemergencyresponse).TheGovernormayalsoelecttocoordinateacross-stateresponsewithotherGovernors,shouldtheemergencyimpactcitizensacross state lines. Additionally, the Governor can ask the President to declare a State of Emergency,whichcanprovidestateagencieswithaccesstofederalresources.WithregardtothePhasesofEnergyEmergencyManagement(Figure1),mostoftheGovernor’sinvolvementwillcomeinPhaseIII.

OklahomaDepartmentofEmergencyManagement(OEM)As specified in the State’s EOP, OEM is the primary emergency response agency in the state ofOklahoma.Accordingly,OEMisintimatelyinvolvedinrespondingtoalltypesofenergyemergenciesthatoccurwithinthestate’sborders.Inparticular,theDirectorofOEMservesastheGovernor’sAuthorizedRepresentative, which enables him/her to act on behalf of the Governor when coordinating (asnecessary)withtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurityandFEMAforallfederalassistancerequirements.Likewise, OEM organizes and manages the State Emergency Operations Center (EOC), which is acentralized facility to be utilized by the government for direction, control, and coordination in anemergency. Finally, OEM is responsible for communicating and coordinating with city and localgovernments in the event of an energy emergency.With regard to the Phases of Energy EmergencyManagement (Figure 1), OEM’s involvement will cut across each phase, but will be most prominentduringPhaseIII,theresponsephase.

Training is an ongoing activity coordinated through OEM, sometimes in conjunction with federalagencies such as FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security. Through the use of table topexercises and other activities,OEMand its coordinating agencies, demonstrate the ability to activateand staff the EmergencyOperations Center, identify and implement the appropriate response to theemergency situation, andprovide information to thepublic through the EmergencyAlert Systemandpublicinquiryhotline.Governmentalagenciesatalllevelsandspokespersonsfortheinvolvedindustriescoordinateresponsesanddevelopeffectivepublicinformationmessages.

OklahomaCorporationCommission(OCC)As specified in the Oklahoma EOP (ESF-12) and represented in Figure 27, the Oklahoma CorporationCommission(OCC),which isresponsibleforregulatingpublicservicecompanies, isthe leadagencyforallenergyemergenciesexceptthoseincidentsrelatedtoLiquefiedPetroleumGas(alsoknownasLPGasorPropane).Duringemergencies involvingPetroleum,theLPGasAdministrationwillbecomethe lead

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agency. As the lead agency for energy emergencies, theOCC is involved in all four Phases of EnergyManagement. Oklahoma is unique in that theOCC regulates thewidest breadth of industries of anyPublic Utility Commission in the nation. Not only does OCC regulate public service companies in theelectric and natural gas industries as well as pipeline safety, oil and gas, but also a variety of otherindustries that are interdependent on these industries, such as telecommunications and trucking.Becauseof thiswidepurviewand thereforedeep relationshipbase, theOCC is singularly qualified toserve as the lead in responding to energy emergencies and coordinating with OEM and all energy-related stakeholders to restore normal energy operations to the state. As the state agency mostinvolvedwith energy regulation, the Commission has a permanent seat at the tablewithin the EOC,fromwhereitmaycommunicatedirectlywiththestate’spublicutilities,operatorsoffuelsupplyoutletsandoilandnaturalgascompanies.

PhaseI:MonitorandAlertDuringPhaseI,theOCCisresponsibleforcarefullymonitoringtheflowofenergythroughoutthestate.Thistaskisdividedintotwodifferentschemes—oneformonitoringserviceinterruptionsandoneformonitoringthesupplyanddemanddynamicsthatinteracttogeneratesupplyshortages.Withregardtothemonitoringofinterruptions,theOCCisinconstantcontactwithenergycompaniesthatarelegallyrequiredtonotifytheOCCofunplannedserviceinterruptions(OAC165:35-19-4).Intheeventthatoutagesgounreportedbytheenergycompanies,theOCCalsoreceivesacontinuousstreamofinformationfromOEM,whichreceivesinformationaboutserviceinterruptionsfromlocalemergencymanagers.

PhaseII:AssessandDetermineActionHavingnoticedearlysignsofwhatmightbecomeanenergyemergency,theOCCintensifiesitsdataandinformationcollectioneffortsinPhaseII.Withregardtoserviceinterruptions,thisinvolvescommunicationwithadditionalsourcesandpotentiallysendinglocalagentstothefieldinanattempttocollectmoreinformation.ThisinformationisthencommunicatedtothegovernmentalagenciesfollowingthechannelslistedinEnergyEmergencyCommunicationsProceduressectionofthisplan.

PhaseIII:ActionsandFeedbackIf an energy emergency is severe enough to warrant government action, Phase III of EnergyEmergency Management is initiated, where the governmental agencies begin to considerresponsemeasures.Specifically,theOCChasthefollowingresponsibilities(specifiedinESF-12oftheOklahomaEOP):

• UponrequestbyOEM,provideanagencyrepresentative(agencycoordinationofficer)totheStateEOC,whowillassessandcoordinatetherepairofdamagedutilitiesandtheredistributionofenergyassets.Asofthiswriting,OCC’srepresentativeistheagency’sPublicInformationOfficer.

• Requestunaffectedtelephone,gas,andelectriccompaniestoprovideemergencyrepaircrewsandequipmenttoassistaffectedutilitycompaniesinrestoringserviceasquicklyaspossible.

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• Keeparecordofreportsondamagedutilities,requestsfordamagerepairassistance,repairscompleted,andanyothereventsoractivitiesdeemednecessaryfortherecord.Documenttheincidentswithphotographs,videos,andtheGlobalPositioningSystemwhenpossible.CopiesofthereportswillbeprovidedtotheStateEOC.

• Contactareautilitycompaniesfordamagereports.Ifadditionalassistanceisrequiredbytheutilities,thecoordinatorwillworkthroughthesupportinggroupsforadditionalinformationandrequirements.

• Additionalresponsibilitiesincludesafetyinspectionsofrailcrossings,investigationofderailmentsoftrainscarryinghazardousmaterials,pipelinesafetyfornaturalgasaswellashazardousmaterials,providingtechnicalassistanceandinspectionsofpetroleumpollution;safetyinspectionsofaboveandundergroundfuelstoragetanks.

PhaseIV:ReviewLessonsLearnedDuringPhaseIV,whichinvolvesareviewingthelessonslearnedduringtheenergyemergency,theOCCinternallyreviewsitsreportsofthedamagedutilities,therequestsfordamagerepairassistance,therepairscompleted,andtheextenttowhichtheirresponsesfacilitatedorinhibitedthealleviationoftheemergencysituation.ThentheOCCparticipatesinan“AfterActionReportMeeting”whichisorganizedbyOEMtoreviewtheemergencysituationasawhole.

AdditionalSupportingAgenciesandOrganizationsDuetotheinherentcomplexityassociatedwithenergyemergencies,anumberofotherstateagenciesand non-governmental organizations play an essential supporting role in each of the four emergencyphases.With regard to the response itself (Phase III), the EOP (ESP-12) lists the following supportinggroups:

Eachoftheseagenciesisresponsibleforprovidingassistanceasrequestedduringtheresponsephase.Thetypeofassistanceprovidedbyeachidentifiedagencyisasfollow:

• ARCwillprovidesupportasnecessarytovictimsduringresponseandrecoveryphases,includingsettingupsheltersinareaswhereutilityservicehasbeeninterrupted.

o AmericanRedCross(ARC)o DepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ)o DepartmentofHealth(OSDH)o DepartmentofHumanServices(OKDHS)o DepartmentofPublicSafety(DPS)o DepartmentofTransportation(ODOT)o LPGasAdministrationo OklahomaMilitaryDepartmento OklahomaOfficeofHomelandSecurity(OKOHS)o OklahomaStateBureauofInvestigation(OSBI)o OklahomaWaterResourcesBoard(OWRB)

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• DEQwillprovideguidanceandsupporttotheresponseandrecoveryofmaterialassociatedwithhazardousmaterialincidents(exceptasprovidedbytheOCC)inaccordancewithstateregulations.

• OSDHwillprovidedamageassessmentassistancetothestate,county,andlocaljurisdictions

withrespecttohealthcarefacilitiesandtheirenergyneeds,andwillprovidesupportasnecessarytoARCandothervoluntaryorganizationsforimmediateneedsofvictims(i.e.,thoseonlifesupportsystems)andcontinuelong-termsupportofvictimsduringrecoveryefforts.

• OKDHSwillprovidesupportasnecessarytoARC,andothervoluntaryorganizationsfor

immediateneedsofvictims(i.e.,thoseonlifesupportsystems)andcontinuelong-termsupportofvictimsduringrecoveryefforts.

• DPSwillprovidesupportasrequired.

• ODOTwillprovidesupportasrequired.

• TheLPGasAdministrationwillbecometheleadagencyforenergyemergenciesinvolvingliquefiedpetroleum.Additionally,theLPGasAdministrationwillassistwithreroutingandredistributionofLPgasresourcesasrequested.

• TheOklahomaMilitaryDepartment,whenrequested,willutilizeitsforcestoassistODOTinmakingemergencyrepairstoroads,bridges,publicbuildings,orotherpublicfacilitiesindisasterareas,whichareessentialtothehealth,safety,andwelfareofthepublicandthetransportationofenergy-relatedmaterials.

• OKOHSwillprovidesupportasrequired.

• OSBIwillprovidesupportasrequested.

• OWRBwillgatherinformationondamagetodamsandassociatedpowergenerationplantsthroughouttheaffectedarea.TheOWRBwillalsogatherinformationondamagetostructuresthatarewithintheregulatoryfloodplainsintheaffectedareas.

OklahomaDepartmentofMinesIt is important to also note that, although it is not listed with formal responsibilities in the state’sEmergencyOperationsPlan,theOklahomaDepartmentofMinesholdsresponsibilityforoverseeingthestate’scoalindustry,includingreceivingreportsofmineaccidentsorsupplyinterruptions.

OtherShelteringAgenciesAlso outside of formal ESF-12 responsibilities, yet still a vital component, many other social serviceagenciesholdresponsibilitiesforresponseduringenergyemergencies.Iftheenergyemergencyrequiresshelteringforvictims,manynonprofitandfaith-basedorganizationsofferfeedingandshelter.Intimesofneed,OklahomaEmergencyManagementcoordinateswithOklahomaVoluntaryOrganizationsActive

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inDisasters(OKVOAD)54,whichisanumbrellaagencywhosepurposeistobringtogetherorganizationstofostermoreeffectiveresponsetothepeopleofOklahomaintimesofdisaster.OKVOADagenciesareTheAmericanRedCross,TheSalvationArmy,Foodbanks,volunteercentersandmostofthefaith-basedgroupswhohavedisasterworkaspartoftheirmission.

LocalAgenciesBylaw,all incorporatedjurisdictionsinOklahomaarerequiredtodevelopanemergencymanagementprogram and each county is required to have a qualified emergency management director. TheOklahoma EmergencyManagement Association ismade up of EmergencyManagers from across thestate, with a mission to minimize the effects of attack, technological and natural disasters, and tocoordinate emergency response and disaster recovery operations. The emergencymanagers for eachcountyarealsoinregularcontactwiththestate’sOEM.

FederalAgenciesThe U.S. Department of Energy is the lead federal agency when Department of Homeland SecurityDHS/FEMA activates ESF-12 in theNational Response Framework at the federal level. As specified inESF-12,theDOEisresponsiblefor:

• Servingasthefocalpointforissuesandpolicydecisionsrelatingtoenergyresponseandrestorationefforts

• Assessingenergysystemdamageandmonitoringrepairwork• Collecting,assessing,andprovidinginformationonenergysupply,demand,andmarketimpacts• Contributingtosituationandafter-actionreports• Identifyingsupportingresourcesneededtorestoreenergysystems• DeployingDOEresponseteamsasneededtoaffectedarea(s)toassistinresponseand

restorationefforts• Reviewingandsponsoringtheenergyindustry’srequestsforTelecommunicationsService

Priority(TSP)assignmentstoprovisionnewservices.

Likewise,DOEmaintainsthefollowingcapabilitiesinordertomeetESFrequirements:

• CollectsandreportstoCongressinformationfiledbyelectricenergygenerators,transmittersanddistributorsonlossoffirmload,systemvoltagereductionsorpublicappeals,bulksystemoperationalactionsandfuelsupplyemergencies

• Assistsinthedevelopmentofstateandlocalenergyrecoverypriorities• AssistsaffectedenergystakeholdersindealingwiththeFEMAbycoordinatingwithpublicly-

ownedelectric,gas,andlifelineutilitiesinapplyingforFEMAcostsharingforrepairs• Assistsaffectedenergystakeholdersinobtainingrepaircrewsandmaterialsfromoutsidethe

affectedareas• Actsasanombudsmaninconjunctionwithstateenergyandemergencyagenciestoobtain

electricpower

54NationalVoluntaryOrganizationActiveinDisaster,Committee’sWorkSite,https://nvoad.communityos.org/cms/(June22,2016).

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• Givesrestorationprioritytocommunications,publicworks(water,sewage),andancillaryenergyfacilities(e.g.,fueltransportation/distributionsystems,pipelinepumpstations,refineries)

• Handlesrequestsforuniquedepartmentassetstosupportanenergyemergencyresponse• MaintainstheDOEEmergencyOperationsCenter(EOC),whichisopentwenty-fourhoursaday,

sevendaysaweek.TheEOCcanbereachedbytelephoneVoice:(202)586-8100,FAX:(202)586-8485,orbyE-mailathqdoe@oem.doe.gov.

InsupportofDOE,anumberofotherfederalagenciesareauthorizedbytheNRFtoprovideassistanceduringanenergyemergency.Theseagenciesinclude:• DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)• DepartmentofCommerce(DOC)• DepartmentofDefense(DOD)• DepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS)• DepartmentoftheInterior(DOI)• DepartmentofLabor(DOL)

• DepartmentofState(DOS)• DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)• EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)• NuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)• TennesseeValleyAuthority(TVA)

In general, these agencies are responsible for supporting both the DOE and state governments inrespondingtoenergyemergencies.Forexample:USDA can provide support on issues related to propane for crop drying and protecting livestock.Likewise, the Rural Utilities Service (RUS), which is housed at USDA, is responsible for funding andtrackingenergyconsumptioninformationforruralelectriccooperatives.

DOC provides data that assists in understanding emergency threats andmonitoring the internationalflow of oil. The Mineral Management Service (MMS) and the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)arepartofDOC.MMSoverseestheoilandgasproductionfields intheGulfofMexico, and NOAA provides up-to-the-minute tracking for hurricanes, wildfires, winter storms, andotherweather-relatedemergencies.

EPAmayneed tobecontacted ifwaiversare sought for fuels thatdonotmeetnationaland localairqualityrequirements.A fuelwaivercanbe issuedonlywhenthecriteriaspecified intheCleanAirActSection 211(c)(4)(C) have beenmet. In general, these criteria allow a fuels waiver only to address atemporaryemergencyfuelsupplyshortagethatexiststhroughoutastateorregionthatwascausedbyan unusual situation such as a natural disaster, and that could not have been avoided by prudentplanning.

DOThasseveralsub-agenciesthatmayrelatetoanenergyemergency,including:

• PipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration(PHMSA)• FederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA)• FederalMaritimeAdministration• FederalMotorCarrierSafetyAdministration• FederalAviationAdministration(FAA)

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In addition, new requirements have recently been added instructing the Federal CommunicationsCommission(FCC)togiveprioritytocertainrestorationactivities,suchasthoseconductedbyFEMA.

IndustryStakeholders

The state’s EOP ESF-12 names four energy industry support groups for energy emergency situations:regulated investor-owned utilities; the Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives (OAEC); theOklahomaTelephoneAssociation;andtheMunicipalElectricSystemsofOklahoma(MESO).Thesectionbelowoutlinestheirrespectiveroles.

RegulatedInvestor-OwnedUtilitiesAllregulated investor-ownedutilities inOklahomaare legallyrequiredtonotifytheOCCofunplannedserviceinterruptions(OAC165:35-19-4).Inaddition,eachutilitymustfileaRestorationofServicePlanwith OCC. A detailed discussion of these measures can be found in the Energy EmergencyCommunicationsProceduressectionofthisplan.

Inanenergyemergency,furtherresponsibilitiesforutilitiesincludeactivecommunicationwiththeOCCboth in terms of status updates on outages, damage reports, and damage repair assistance to otherutilitiesasrequestedbytheOCC.

OklahomaAssociationofElectricCooperativesThe Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives (OAEC) is a statewide association of local electricdistributionandgeneration/transmissioncooperatives.OAEChas30members,28ofwhicharebasedinOklahomaandtwoofwhicharebasedout-of-statebutwithOklahomamembershipcomponents.OAECallowsitsmemberstocollectivelyperformserviceswhichwouldnotbepracticaloreconomicalforeachindividual cooperative to perform alone, including activities such as providing safety and loss controlprogramsandcoordinatingmutualaiddisasterplanning.

Inanenergyemergency,OAECleadershipwillserveasaliaisongroupandcommunicatewithOCCandOEMtoprovideinformationaboutitsmembers’outages,restorationofserviceupdates,andanymutualaidactivities.

OklahomaTelephoneAssociationThe Oklahoma Telephone Association represents local exchange carriers around the state. TheTelephone Association’s main support role as it pertains to energy emergencies is to provideinformationregardingitsmembers’telephoneoutagestotheOCCandOEM,andtocoordinatemutualaidactivitiesbetweenmembercompaniesthatmaybeexperiencingoutages.Non-membercompaniesmayreportthisinformationindependently.

MunicipalElectricSystemsofOklahomaMunicipal Electric Systems of Oklahoma (MESO) is a statewide trade association for Oklahoma’s 63municipally-ownedelectricdistributionutilitieswhichserveover400,000Oklahomaresidents.

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Similar to the other support groups, MESO coordinates mutual aid services and agreements for itsmemberutilities, and in theeventof anenergyemergencywould serveasa contactorganization forstateofficialstoprovideinformationonmemberoutagesandrestorationupdates.

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ENERGYEMERGENCYCOMMUNICATIONSPROCEDURES

INTERNALCOMMUNICATIONSThis section of the plan documents the procedure for internal communications among federal, state,regional,andlocalagencies,andenergycompaniesduringanenergyemergency.Thecommunicationoftimely and accurate information is a critical part of energy assurance in Oklahoma, and an effectiveEnergy Assurance plan must include a method for reporting on and tracking unforeseen and/orunplannedenergyoutages.AsdisplayedinFigure28,whichshowstheflowofinformationinanenergyemergency, thevastmajorityof informationaboutenergydisruptionsandemergencies is reportedtostateofficialsbyenergycompaniesandlocalemergencymanagers.Withinthestategovernment,therearetwohubsthatrelaythisinformationtotheappropriatedecisionmakers—theOCCandOEM.

Figure28:TheFlowofInformationduringanEnergyEmergencyinOklahoma

EnergyDisruption/Emergency

LocalEmergencyManagement

EnergyCompanies

OCC OEM

EnergyCompanies

HealthDept.HighwayPatrol

2-1-1FederalAgencies

RedCross

Governor LocalGovernments

FederalGovernment

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First,regulatedenergyprovidersinOklahomaarerequiredbytheOklahomaAdministrativeCode(OAC165:35-19-4RestorationofService(Electric)/165:45-9-2.1(Gas))toprovideRestorationofServiceplansannuallytotheDirectoroftheCorporationCommission’sConsumerServicesDivision;theseplansmustoutline detailed steps for responding to outages, and must include detailed contact lists for eachregulated company, including a minimum of two 24-hour a day contacts. These plans provide stateofficials with the information they need to plan for and respond to energy emergencies that affectOklahoma residents. Once each company’s plan is received, the Public Information Manager of theCorporation Commissionmaintains these plans and acts as the point of contact for utilities that arerequired to report unplanned outages. Upon receiving any report of outage or emergency from anenergyprovider,theOCC’sPublicInformationManagerisresponsibleforcontactinganyotherstateandlocalagenciesthatmightbeaffected.

Inadditiontotrackingelectricandgasoutages,itisimportanttotracktheflowofenergyviapipelinesthroughoutthestateofOklahoma.Accordingly,theOCChascreatedanadditionalsetofrulestogoverntheactionstobetakenbyenergyprovidersintheeventofapipelineincident.OAC165:20-5-1requirestelephonicnoticetotheOCCPipelineSafetyDepartmentnomorethan2hoursfollowinganypipelineincident that involves release of gas from a pipeline and either a death, personal injury requiringhospitalization,damageof$5,000ormore,oranyothereventthatissignificantinthejudgmentoftheoperator.

OnceOCC receives information about any energy incident, the agency is responsible for relaying theappropriate information about outagesor pipeline incidents toOEMandother energy companies, aswell asa listofpotentiallyaffected stateagencies/organizations, including theDepartmentofHealth,HighwayPatrol, the2-1-1general information line, theFederalExecutiveBoard,andRedCross.OEM,when it receives information from local emergency managers, communicates it to the OCC, theGovernor’soffice,andback to the localgovernments thatareaffected.Should theenergyemergencywarrant federal involvement, the Governor’s office (or the Director of OEM) is responsible forcommunicationwiththefederalgovernment.

In addition,Oklahomahas five individualswho serveasEnergyEmergencyAssuranceCoordinators—these individuals,whoeachhaveplanningand response responsibilitiesduringenergyemergencies—are registered on a password-protected ISERnet website hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy,which allows Oklahoma’s key energy emergency planners to receive energy updates from federalagenciesandcommunicateinformationtootherstatesandthefederalgovernmentwhenauthorizedbytheGovernor,Director ofOEMor other key state decisionmakers. These five individuals include theDeputyDirectorofEmergencyManagement, thePublic InformationManagerof theOCC, theChiefofEnergy in the Public Utility Division of the OCC, the director of the State Energy Office within theOklahomaDepartmentofCommerce,andtheOklahomaDeputySecretaryofEnergy.

In order to ensure the continued flow of information, the Commission’s Public InformationManagerremains in contact with the applicable state agencies and utilities during energy outages and basedupon these updates will periodically release reports on the status of the outage. Status reports are

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released daily, orwhenever a significant change in the condition of the outage occurs,whichmeansmultiple reports couldbe released ina single24-hourperiod.TheOCC’sPublic InformationManager,when appropriate,will provide updates to themedia (print, television and radio) so that the generalpublicisinformedastothestatusoftheoutagesandtheprogressofrestorationefforts.

Contactinformation,includingpersonalemailaddresses,work,homeandcellphonenumbers,foreachof the entities listed in the aforementioned paragraphs can be found in the Oklahoma EnergyEmergency Contact list, which is maintained and updated by the OCC Public InformationManager/Liaison toOEM.Asnewenergy incidentspresent themselves,allof thepeople/entitieswhoarecontactedduringtheeventareaddedtothecontactlist.ThelistisupdatedeveryyearbytheOCCinordertoensurethatthecontentisaccurate.

In order for the internal flow of communications to be successful during an energy emergency, it iscriticalthatutilitiesareabletomaintaincontactbetweentheiron-the-groundcrews,theutilityoffices,andstateandlocalofficials.Toassist inthis,allmajorutilities inOklahomahaveregisteredtousetheGovernment Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS). As of this writing, OG&E, AEP-PSO,CenterPoint,ONEOK(ONG)haveallindicatedthattheyareregisteredwithGETS.

TheGovernmentEmergencyTelecommunicationsService(GETS) isaWhiteHouse-directedemergencyphoneserviceprovidedbytheNationalCommunicationsSystem(NCS)intheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity. GETS provides emergency access and priority processing in the local and long distancesegmentsofthePublicSwitchedTelephoneNetwork(PSTN).ItisintendedtobeusedinanemergencyorcrisissituationwhenthePSTN iscongestedandtheprobabilityofcompletingacallovernormalorother alternate telecommunication means has significantly decreased. GETS allows users tocommunicateoverexistingPSTNpathswithahighlikelihoodofcallcompletionduringthemostsevereconditions of high-traffic congestion and disruption. The result is a cost-effective, easy-to-useemergencytelephoneservicethatisaccessedthroughasimpledialingplanandPersonalIdentificationNumber(PIN)cardverificationmethodology.Itismaintainedinaconstantstateofreadinessasameanstoovercomenetworkoutagesthroughsuchmethodsasenhancedroutingandprioritytreatment.55

EXTERNALCOMMUNICATIONSThis section provides an overview of how communication with themedia will be handled during anenergyemergencyandwhowill be responsible for addressing thepressand/orgeneralpublic. In theeventofanenergyemergency,accurateandtimelypublic informationhelpstopreventconfusionandlimitsuncertainty.

ESF-15 of the Oklahoma Emergency Operations Plan provides the framework for Oklahoma’s publicinformation program protocol to be followed during all types of emergencies. OEM is this statecoordinating agency with support from all state agencies, boards, commissions and voluntary

55U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.GovernmentEmergencyTelecommunicationsService.https://www.dhs.gov/government-emergency-telecommunications-service-gets(June1,2016).

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organizations. The primary purpose of the public information function is to provide and maintainoperational consistency throughout the state of Oklahoma in the form of emergency information,providing accurate information to legislative and congressional delegations and community relations.Uniform information coordination with these groups will help Public Information Officers (PIOs) forState, County and Municipal entities to provide information to the citizens in a responsive, well-managedmannerduringemergenciesanddisasters.EachofthePIOsisresponsibleforspeakingabouttheiragency’sinvolvementinmanaginganenergyemergency.Asaanongoingmeasure,PIOsandkeyoperations officials from all levels of government meet monthly as a means to facilitate ongoingcommunication and relationships, and in addition, OEM offers training classes for communicationspersonnelthatmeetsFEMAcertificationstandards.

StateInformationFlowDuringenergyemergencies, theGovernor’sofficewill serveas the focalpointofcommunicationwiththepublic.Accordingly,theOEMPIOwillworkcloselywiththeGovernor’sPressSecretarytoassurethattheGovernorhastimelyaccesstoaccurateinformation.

Toensure theaccuracyof informationacross governmental agencies, a Joint InformationCenter (JIC)operationwillbesetupatoneof three locations:TheStateEmergencyOperationsCenter (EOC), themediacentersetupatthesiteoftheincident,orataJointFieldOffice(JFO).TheJICwillbetheprimaryfieldlocationforthecoordinationoffederal,state,andlocalmediarelations.TheinformationcollectedbytheJICwillbedisseminatedaccordingtotheJointInformationSystem(JIS).

AlternativeOutletsforInformationFlowIn order to disseminate public information, governmental agencies might consider setting upinformationboothsatthedisastersitesthemselves,contactingthemedia,and/orestablishingbroaderpublic education programs. The appropriate tool for information dissemination depends upon theenergyemergencyitself.Additionalmechanismsofdisseminationmightincludethefollowing:

• Cablechannelsand/orsatelliteuplinkoperations• Specialpublications• Radiofeeds• Specialprojectssuchasteleconferencing• Socialmedia

CommunicationsIntegrationIt is recommended that all public affairs elements be integrated into the JIS on a daily basis wherepossible.Intheeventofanemergencyordisaster,otherentitiesmayberequiredtoaddtothepublicinformationeffortsastheeventdemands.IfaJICisestablished,allPIOsshouldbeintegrated.

ConceptofOperationsDuring statewideemergencyoperations,OEMhas theprimary responsibility forprovidingemergencypublic informationandgeneral information.Toaccomplishthisresponsibility,theDirectoroftheOEMwillappointordesignateaStateEmergencyInformationOfficer.ItistheresponsibilityofthisOfficerto

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prepareandreleaseemergencyinformationasprovidedbytheOEMDirectorand/ortheGovernor.TheStateEmergencyInformationOfficerwillprepareabroadscopeofinformationasprovidedbytheOEMDirectorand/orGovernor.TheStateEmergencyInformationOfficerwillalsoprepareabroadscopeofinformation for use by the news media. The pertinent information and situation reports will beprepared,with theOEMDirector’s approval, for theGovernor, theEmergencyAlert System,orothernews media as appropriate. In close coordination with the Governor’s Press Secretary and involvedagency PIOs, this group will approve, coordinate, and release all emergency information from stateagenciesandserveasthefocalpointforallinquiriesbythemedia.

ItistheStateEmergencyInformationOfficer’sresponsibilitytoprovidethepublic,viathenewsmedia,accurateandtimelyinformationaboutemergencyanddisasterresponseandrecoveryoperations.ThiswillreduceoreliminateinaccurateinformationthatmayariseandensurevitalemergencyanddisasterinformationisdeliveredtothecitizensoftheStateofOklahoma.

ThePIOmustbepresentatanyandeveryeventthatmightattractmediaattentionorthatwouldserveasanopportunitytogetinformationtodisastervictimsandtopublicizethelocalandStateemergencyor disaster message. The early activation and deployment of a PIO along with other key responsepersonnel as part of emergency operations field deployments, or as part of the preliminary damageassessmentteamandotherpre-declarationactivitiesisvitaltoeffectivelyalleviateconcernsaboutlocaland state government responsiveness and to provide victimswith accurate information during everystepoftheprocess.

IfaPresidentialDeclarationhasbeenmade,theJICwillbeexpandedtoincludeFederalresourcessuchasFEMAandtheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,whomaybeapartofaJICduringafloodemergency,operating on their own authority.With an expanding JIC established, field PIOs must continue theirvisibilityintheaffectedcommunities,especiallywhereDisasterServiceCentershavebeenestablished.The JIC then becomes the central point formedia access to the latest developments and emergencyinformation for all participating agencies. The JIC supports field PIO operations by providing updatedinformationaboutcurrentpoliciesandissuesregardingresponseandrecoveryoperations.

PIOsintheJICworkcloselywithelectedofficials,responseagencies,andemergencymangers.JICPIOsareresponsibleforestablishingdailynewsbriefingsforkeydisasterofficials,writinganddisseminatingnewsreleasestoappropriatemediaoutlets,monitoringandanalyzingtelevision,radio,andnewspaperdisaster-news coverage and providing this information to the JIS, and providing multilingual mediasupportoperationsforthedisaster,asappropriatetothecommunityneed.

The information collection and dissemination processwill conform to the following phases of energyemergencymanagement:

• PhaseI:MonitorandAlerto Conductpublicawarenessprogramso Coordinatewithpublicandprivatesectorpartnersandthemedia

• PhaseII:AssessandDetermineAction

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o Conductpubliceducationprogramso Prepareexternalaffairsplansandexercisethoseplans

• PhaseIII:ActionsandFeedbacko Releasepublicinformationo Coordinaterumorcontrolo Schedulenewsconferencesandothereventso HandlelegislativeandCongressionalinquiries

• PhaseIV:ReviewLessonsLearnedo Providepublicinformationo HandlelegislativeandCongressionalinquireso Providecommunityrelationso Compilerecordsofanddocumentevento Assesseffectivenessofinformationandeducationalprograms

ResourceRequirementsTheresourcerequirements,whichincludestaff,equipment,officesupplies,andofficefacilities,shouldbe tailored to the type andmagnitudeof the emergency prompting the response.Depending on thenatureoftheemergency,allorsomeoftheresourcerequirementsmayberequired.Todeterminetheresourcerequirements,the“StateofOklahomaJointCenterOperationsGuide”willprovideJIClogistics,jobdescriptionsandtrainingrequirementsforeachfunctionoutlinedintheguide.

DirectionandControlTheDirectorofOEMisresponsibleforalleducationandinformationalprogramsconductedtoexerciseenergyemergency responses.TheDirectorofOEMwillappointanOEMPIO todirect theseactivities.Theheadsofallstatesupportagencies,boards,commissions,andvolunteerorganizationagenciesareresponsible for appointing PIOs in their respective entities. These officers will be responsible forcoordinatedreleasewiththeOEMPIO.

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MITIGATING,TRACKING,ANDRESPONDINGTOENERGYEMERGENCIES

ThefollowingsectionoutlinespreventativeandmitigatingmeasuresbeingtakeninOklahomatoensurea stable energy supply. In particular, the section presents a number of response options thatgovernmental officials might consider in the event of an energy emergency. In recognizing theimportanceof flexibility, thisportionof theplanshouldbe treated likea“menu”of responseoptionsfromwhich to select and implement, rather than a list of standard operating procedures. The list isdivided into sector-specific response options. Within each sector, there are two types of responseoptions: the first type of response is designed to manage the supply of energy; the second type ofresponse isdesigned tomanage thedemand forenergy.Aswithallemergencies, it is critical to treatevery energy emergency as a unique circumstance.Aneffective response requires that officials tailortheiractionstotheincidentathand,ratherthanselectagenericresponsethathasworkedinthepast.When deciding which response options should be employed, government officials and energystakeholdersmustexaminetheseverity,scope,anddurationoftheemergencyaswellastheresourcesthatofficialshavetoworkwith.

Appendix D provides additional information about the procedures for implementing the menu ofresponseoptionsthatappearsbelow.

ELECTRICITYA fundamental component of any energy assurance plan is how to prevent or mitigate damage toenergyinfrastructuresystems.Intheelectricsector,theStateoverseesavarietyofplanning,inspectionandmaintenanceprogramsatelectricutilities,which,takentogetheraredesignedtopreventoutagesor—when theydooccur—to lessen thearea coveredand timeneeded for restorationof service. TheStateandelectricutilitiesalsohave inplacemanymitigation techniques to reduce impactsofelectricemergencies.

PreparationandPreventativeMeasuresIntheelectricsector,reliability isof foremost importance,andundertheauthorityofOAC165:35-25-14, theOCCmaintains information about each electric provider’s reliability plans. This section of theadministrativecoderequireseachutility todesignandmaintainaprogramto limit the frequencyanddurationofelectricserviceinterruptions.Theprogrammustincludeinspection,maintenance,repairandreplacement standards that ensure service restoration as well as preventive and emergencymaintenance.Eachyear,utilitiesreporttheresultsoftheiroverallreliabilityprogrambysubmittinganannualreliabilityreporttotheOCC(OAC165:35-25-20).

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There are also proactive programs in place to prevent electric outages. As onemeans of prevention,OklahomaelectricprovidersandtheCommissionforyearshaveworkedtogethertokeepelectricpowerlinesawayfromtheiceandtrees,asamajorcontributortoelectricoutagesisiceaccumulationandtreelimbspullingdownlines.Whenasegmentoflinessagstowardordropsontheground,theweightofthefallen linescauses theutilitypolesonbothsidesof that strand topull inwardandpossibly snap.Thiscausesthenextsegmentof linetopulldown,affectingthenextpolesandcreatingacascadingeffect.Throughaggressivevegetationmanagementprogram,contactbetweenpowerlinesandtreeshasbeenmore limited in recent years. To accomplish this, both of the state’smajor electric utilities, PSO andOG&E,havebeenauthorizedfundingforavegetationmanagementriderdesignedtogettheutilitiesonafour-yeartrimcycle.Theelectriccompanyinspectsandtrimstheright-of-wayalongone-fourthofitssystemeachyear.Workingwithcontractors,thecompanieshavedesignedaprogramtotrimtreessothatitwilltakelimbsfouryearsorlongertogrowbackintoanareawheretheymaybecomeentangledwiththeelectriclines.

Tolessenthepotentialforiceaccumulationordamagefromfallingtrees,housingadditionsconstructedsincethe1970shavefeaturedburiedelectriccables.Thisreducesthenumberofoutagesbykeepingthelines away from weather damage. However, when damage does occur it takes longer to locate andrepairtheproblemthanwhenworkingonthemoreaccessibleoverheadlines.

To prevent wind damage, for some time the major electric transmission system has been built tominimizestormdamagewithtowersdesignedtoallowwindtopassthroughthestructure.In2008,theOCC began working with OG&E on a distribution system-hardening program so that should stormdamage occur, the area affected will be held to a minimum. The program emphasizes periodicreinforcement of poles within the distribution system to stop, or slow, the cascading affect andsignificantly lessen the number of poles that are damaged, and, thus reduce restoration time andexpense.

Inadditiontothehigh-speedwindsthatsometimesaccompanythunderstorms,lightningstrikescanbea problem. In an effort to limit this damage, both OG&E and PSO operate OCC-authorized systemhardening programsthat include installing lightning arresters and strengthening poles at certainintervalssothat ifapolecomesdown,theweightofthefalling linesdoesnotcreateadominoeffectandpulldownsubsequentpoles.

This combination program of vegetation management on overhead lines coupled with anundergrounding program reduces exposure to weather and lessens the number of storm damageoutages.

To prevent accidental disruptions, the Oklahoma One Call System, known as CallOkie, requirescompaniesandprivatecitizens tocallonenumberbeforediggingon theirproperty—bycalling in thelocation of the proposed dig, the utilities can come out and mark their lines to avoid damage toundergroundfacilities.

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MitigationMeasuresandRestorationofElectricPowerAfterInterruptionsWhenelectricaloutagesdooccur,utilitiesmusttakeactiontomitigatethedamagetothesystemandrestore serviceasquickly aspossible.Thereare several actions specific toOklahoma that arehelpingutilitiesshortentheirtimeofoutageafteremergencies.

First,byutilizingforecastingtechniquessuchastheSperry-PiltzIceAccumulation(SPIA)IndexdevelopedinOklahoma56(seeAppendixEandwww.spia-index.com),electricutilitiescanpre-positionequipmentat points expected to be themost impacted by weather events and thereforeminimize the time ofoutages.Usingexperiencesfrompreviousicestorms,theSPIAIndexusesaniceaccumulationalgorithmandsubsequentutilitydamageindextopredictboththelocation&severityoficeaccumulationsthreetofourdaysinadvance,andtoclassifypotentialelectricutilitysystemdamageonascale,enablingearlywarningsofmajoricestormstoelectricutilitiesandotheremergencyresponseentities.Asof2012,theNational Weather Service has signed a license agreement to use the SPIA Index at local weatherforecastingoffices(WFO).UsingtheSPIAIndexcanhelpwith:

• Advanced targetingof areas likely to receiveheavydamage,with concentrationof repair andreconstructionresourcesinzoneswithhighestvulnerabilities.

• Pre-positioning of crews & advanced coordination with County Commissioners, EmergencyManagers and State Emergency Management officials, as well as with Mutual Aid entities,shelteringagencies,andcontractorsfromacrossthestateormulti-stateregion.

• Increased opportunity to coordinate materials and supplies purchases, deliveries andinventories.

Another initiative that has helped utilities limit outage time is the move towards more redundanttransmission systems. Under this initiative, if a community loses power due to storm damage oftransmission lines, or generation outages, power can be delivered through another loop, so that thepowerstaysonwhilerepairsareunderway.

Buildingonthisprogramisthenewinstallationofsmartmeters.Oklahomaisaleaderindeploymentofsmartmeter technology; in fact,OG&E isoneof the firstelectricutilities in thecountry toobtain theauthoritytoinstallsmartmetersandlinkingcommunicationequipmentacrossitsentireserviceterritoryfootprint. This project is now nearly complete. In addition, Public Service Company of Oklahoma isconductingasmartmeterpilotprogramencompassingallcustomerswithinthecitiesofOwasso,SandSpringsandOkmulgee.Smartmetersinitiallywillallowcustomersmoreinformation,and,hence,morecontrolovertheirelectricusage.Theyalsoallowtheutilitytoautomatesomesystemfunctions,suchasmeterreading,connectsanddisconnects,andalsoassist inmorerapidly locatingoutagesandstartingrepairssooner.Whenfullyimplemented,smartmetertechnologywillleadtosmartgridtechnologyandultimatelytoa“self-healing”gridthatiscapableofisolatingproblemareasandautomaticallyreroutingservicearoundthatlocation.

56SidneyK.Sperry,OklahomaAssociationofElectricCooperativesandStevePiltz,ChiefMeteorologistfortheNationalWeatherServiceinTulsa,designedtheSPIAIndex.

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UtilitiesarerequiredbytheOCCtoplanforoutagesituations,andundertheOklahomaAdministrativeCode(165:35-19-4),eachyearmustfileanupdatedRestorationofServicePlantotheCommission.Afteran outage, the utilitymust communicate its progress in restoring service andmust use the followingguidelineswhendevelopingandimplementingtheirPlans:

(1)Assessmentoftheextentoftheserviceinterruptionandwhatresources(equipment,materials,andlabor)willbe required to restore service.Theutility shouldalsoattempt todetermine thenumberofcustomersaffectedandthegeographicextentoftheserviceinterruption.

(2)Determinationastowhetherornottheservicerestorationcanbeaccomplishedthroughtheuseofin-housepersonnelonly,orifcontractors(personnelobtainedfromotherutilitiesorthird-partyentities)willberequired.Theobjectiveistohaveservicerestoredassoonaspossible.

(3) Identificationof priorities for service restoration, basedupon emergency needs andupon ease ofrestorationforthegreatestuseofmoney,time,andeffort.Priorityshallbegiventoanylife-threateningsituationsknownordiscoveredduringrestorationofservice.

(4) Once electricity/gas service has been restored to public health and safety institutions (such ashospitals,fireandpolicedepartmentsand911centers),serviceshallberestoredtoschoolsasquicklyasfeasible,duringsuchtimeoftheyearthatschoolisinsession.

(5)Attemptednotificationofhigh-prioritycustomersormajorelectric/gasconsumingfacilitiesthatareaffectedbytheserviceoutage,whenpossible.Radioand/ortelevisionshouldbeutilizedtonotifylargernumbersofcustomersastothetypeofserviceoutage,extentoftheserviceoutage,andtheexpectedtimetorestoreservice.Othermeansofnotificationmayalsobeutilized,so longastheresult ismassnotificationonanefficient,effective,andtimelybasis.

(6)Commissionnotification through theDirectorof theConsumerServicesDivision to implement theprocess outlined in paragraphs A through C below. The Commission notification process to thedesignated Consumer Services Division individual(s) may be accomplished by one or more of thefollowingmethods: business telephone and/or e-mail address during the business hours of 8:00 a.m.through 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, or emergency cellular telephone number after normalbusinesshours,weekendsandholidays.Thenotificationshallconsistofthefollowing:

(A)AninitialcontacttonotifyStaffofoutageswhichinvolveamajorutilitysubstationorfacility;orwhichmaycauseahighdegreeofpublicinterestorconcern;orwhichhaveaduration of 4 hours or more and involve 1% or fifty (50) customers or more of theutility’smetercount,whicheverisgreater.

(B) Intermediatecontacttoprovidestatusreports,asdeemednecessarybytheutility,orasmayberequestedbyCommissionStaff.

(C) A conclusory contact responsible for detailing the results and completion of therestorationofserviceplanimplementation.

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Inaddition,theOklahomaAdministrativeCode(165:35-33-7(f))requireselectricutilitiestodevelopandkeepupdatedaHomelandSecurityandCriticalInfrastructurePlan,whichdesignatesphysicalassetsandcomputer software that the utility considers to be critical infrastructure and outlines the utility’smeasurestosecurethosefacilitiesfromextendedserviceinterruptions. Utilitieskeeptheseplansinaconfidentiallocationon-site,butarerequiredtonotifytheCorporationCommissioneachyearthatthePlan is updated. By understanding the precise location of critical infrastructure and planning to keepthesesecured,utilitiescanminimizeimpactsoncustomers.

Lastly, to minimize the time of disruptions, electric utilities can also request assistance in restoringpower from organizations in which they hold membership. For example, OG&E is a member of theSoutheastElectricExchange,whichdispatchesmutualassistanceteamsincasesofwidespreadoutages.PSO is part of the EEI Mutual Assistance Program, the Southeast Electric Exchange (SEE) mutualassistance group, theMidwestMutual Assistance group, the TexasMutual Assistance group, and theGreatLakesMutualAssistancegroup.Electriccooperativesalsohaveamutualassistanceprogramforsharing repair crews. The Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives coordinates mutual aidresponsesforallofitsmembersusingastandardizedagreementinplaceacrossthemembership.OAECworkswithFEMA,andalsoobtainsinformationfromaffectedmembersabouthowmuchassistanceandequipment is needed, and coordinates logistics when possible. It is important to note that becausevoltagesandconstructionofthelinesandcircuitrytendtodifferbetweencooperative,investorowned,and municipal electric providers, it can create safety issues in providing mutual aid across providertypes. Therefore, mutual aid across provider types would be limited to logistical or transportationassistanceratherthantechnicalaid.

At the federal level, emergency response agencies are also working tominimize the time of electricoutages. For instance, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has formed the PowerRestoration Task Force to minimize bureaucracy and help utilities with restoration efforts. Thisassistancemayincludelendingutilitiesheavy-dutywaterpumpsandgeneratorsandarrangingmilitaryflightstodeliverequipmentsuchastransformersandtrucks.

Nationally,researchersarealsoworkingonavarietyofequipmentimprovementstoreducetheexpenseand time of service restoration should an outage occur, and Oklahoma utilities monitor these newtechnologiesforpotentialadoption.

When an outage does occur, even as utilities work to limit the time of outage, it is critical thatresponders have a variety of options available to them tomanage supply and demand for electricitywhilethe interruptionisoccurring.Therefore,asmentionedabove,the listbelowoutlinesavarietyofspecificoptionsenergyemergencyrespondersmaychoosetotakewhenrespondingtoelectricoutages.AdditionaldetailsregardingeachoftheseoptionscanbefoundinAppendixD.

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ManagingSupply• Participateinregionalplanningandtransmissionorganizations(SouthwestPowerPool).57• Temporarilyincreaselevelsofcoalstockpilingbyelectricutilitycompanies.• TemporarilysubstituteOklahomacoalforWyomingcoalincoal-firedpowerplants.• Reducevoltageinthesystem.• Utilizelargebackupgenerationwhenmobileunitsareavailable.• Uselocomotivegeneratorsforelectricitygenerationinselectedlocations.

ManagingDemand• Activateinterruptiblerates/curtailmentprograms.• Implementsystem-widerollingblackouts.• Enactvoluntaryormandatorycurtailmentofpublicbuildingenergyuse.• Employand/orexpandtime-of-useratesforresidentialand/orindustrialusers.• Utilizetheco-generationorfuelswitchingcapacityofuniversityandindustrialcustomerswhen

available.• Conductapublicinformationprogramthatpromoteshomeenergyassessments.• Conductapublicinformationprogramorenactanincentiveprogramtopurchasemoreefficient

appliances,addinsulation,orchangelighting.• Conductapublicinformationcampaigncallingforelectricityconservation.• Increaseratestocustomersofself-regulatedcooperativesormunicipalutilities.• Encourageordirectgovernmentfacilitiestoimproveenergyefficiency.• Encourageordirectregulatedutilityproviderstoincreaseand/orprovideadditionalprograms

totheircustomerswhichfocusonenergyefficiency.• Utilizebuy-backratesthatpaycustomerstosellexcessself-generatedelectricitybacktothegrid

forutilitycredit.• Encouragetheuseofalternativefuelssuchasnaturalgas,propane,dieselorwoodasthefuel

sourceforhomeheating.

CRUDEOILANDPETROLEUMPRODUCTS

PreparationandPreventativeMeasuresJustasintheelectricsector,theStateofOklahomaandtheoilandpetroleumindustryhavepreventiveprograms in place to avoid oil and petroleum-related accidents or incidents and ensure a safe and

57OklahomaisoneofninestateslocatedwithinthefootprintoftheSouthwestPowerPool(SPP)whichoperatesasaRegionalTransmissionOrganization(RTO).RTOswereformedtomaintainelectricreliabilityandcoordinationandaremandatedbytheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission(FERC)toensurereliablesuppliesofpower,adequatetransmissioninfrastructure,andcompetitivewholesalepricesofelectricity.ThemajorservicesofSPPareFacilitationoftheTransmissionGrid,ReliabilityCoordination,TransmissionService/TariffAdministration,MarketOperation,SettingofStandards,ComplianceEnforcement,TransmissionPlanningandTraining.Asapartofcompliance,theSPPhasaRegionalEntity(RE)thatenforcescompliancewithfederalandregionalreliabilitystandardsforusers,owners,andoperatorsoftheregion’sbulkpowergrid.

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reliable supply for consumers. In this industry, theOklahomaCorporationCommissionhas inspectionandregulatoryresponsibilitiesforexplorationandproductionactivitiesontheoilandgas leasesitetoensure protection of public health and safety and the environment, for safe transport of hazardousmaterials,andforsafestorageofpetroleum-basedfuel.

Bothfederalandstateagenciesregulatetheoilandpetroleumindustries.Atthefederallevel,muchoftheregulationoccursthroughtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).Atthestatelevel,boththeOCCandtheDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ)provideregulatoryoversight.

First,theOCC’sOilandGasConservationDivisionregulatescrudeoilwellsitesinthestate,utilizingfourregional offices to conduct administrative and on-site activities. Each district office is comprised of amanager, an environmental quality expert, and a number of field inspectors.58Regulation of the oilindustry at the drilling site is structured by Chapter 10 of the OCC Rules (OAC 165:10). Chapter 10includestechnical rulesonsafewelldrilling,useofproperequipment,andprotectinggroundwateraswellasreportingrequirementsforanysiteincidents.InspectorsvisitwellsitesandissuefieldcitationstoensurecompliancewithChapter10.Eachwellsiteisinspectedatleastonceeveryfiveyears,buthighriskandhighcapacitywellsare inspectedmuchmorefrequently—oftenseveral timesperyear.Thesesitesincludethosethatutilizecommercialdisposalpitsandthosewhichhavelargeon-sitedisposalpits.In addition to conducting field inspections, the inspectors also coordinate with county emergencymanagerstoensureasafeenvironmentforthepublic.

The Commission’s Pipeline Safety Department inspects and regulates all intrastate petroleumtransmission and distribution pipelines, whether gas or liquid. The Pipeline Safety Office of the U.S.Departmentof Transportation regulates interstate lines. These inspection andmaintenanceprogramsensurethesafeoperationofthepipelinefacilitiesandsignificantlylessenthelikelihoodofafuelsupplyinterruptiontothegeneratingplants.

TheOklahomaDEQisresponsibleforsafepracticesatoilrefinerysites,primarilyfromanairandwaterqualitystandpoint.TheDepartmentoffersa24-HourEmergencyResponse&EnvironmentalComplaintsHotlinethatbothstateofficialsandthegeneralpubliccanutilize.Thatnumberis1-800-522-0206.

Once crude oil is refined and processed intomotor vehicle fuel, OCC once again assumes regulatoryauthority,forthestorageofthismotorvehiclefuelonsiteatfillingstationsstatewide.Chapters25,26and 29 of the OCC rules (OAC 165:25-26, 29) outline the Commission’s authority in ensuring safepetroleum storage. These rules arebasedon industry standards including those from thePetroleumEquipmentInstitute,AmericanPetroleumInstitute,andNationalFireProtectionAssociation.Theserulesrequirestationowners/operatorstoperformtightnesstestsontheirtanksandlinesandkeeprecordsofthese test results. To ensure compliance, the Commission’s Petroleum Storage Tank Division (PSTD)employs18inspectorswhoannuallychecktestingrecordsatrefillingstationsandalsotestthecorrosionprotection system on the fuel storage tanks. Inspectors have the authority to lock down tanks and

58Largeurbanareasinthestate(OklahomaCityandTulsa)alsoemploytheirownsiteinspectors.

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requestaninvestigationifnon-complianceisdiscovered. Ifanincidentoccurs,stationoperatorsmustreportanyreleaseoranyspillofover25gallonswithin24hourstotheOCCPSTD.BoththePSTDandtheenvironmental complianceexperts at theCommissionhave24-houremergencynumbers that areprovidedtostationoperators.Toassistinremediatinganyspills,newstationsmustnowfileblueprintsofundergroundtanksandlineswiththeOCCPSTD.

MitigationMeasuresafterSupplyInterruptionsIntheeventofaspill,explosion,orotherwellsiteemergency,fieldinspectorsserveasfirstresponders.WellownersarerequiredtoreporttotheOCCwithin48hoursonanysiteincidentthatincludesaspillofover10barrelsorablowout,andmustreportanyexplosionsorfiresimmediately.Chapter10rulesrequirewellownerstoreport these incidents totherelevantOCCfieldoffice,whichthencoordinateswiththeOCCPublicInformationOfficer.Inaddition,anOCCOilandGasConservationDivisionmanagercarries a division emergency phone at all times for notification of incidents. Finally, if a reportableincidentdoesoccur,wellownersmustfilearemediationplanwiththeOCC.Ifawellisabandonedandanincidentoccurs,OCChastheabilitytoorderthiswellpluggedbyusingaStatefundcapitalizedbyoilwelloperators.Inemergencysituations,OCCcanutilizeaGovernor’s letterandanemergencyhearingbeforetheCommissiontoplugawellinamatterofdaysorless.

At the federal level, the U.S. EPA is also involved in regulating various aspects of the oil industry inOklahoma.First,theSuperfundAmendmentsandReauthorizationAct(SARA),Title3—whichisenforcedbytheEPA—requiresoperators tonotify local first responders if thewell sitestoreschemicalsonsite.Thisprovisionensuresthatrespondersonsitetoanytypeofspillorexplosionwillbeabletoadequatelytakeprecautionsandrespondeffectivelytomitigatedamage.EPAalsohasoversightoveranylocationwhichaffects“watersoftheUnitedStates.”Finally,anyoilstoragefacilitymustfileaSpillPrevention,Control,andCountermeasurePlan(SPCC)withtheEPA.

If an incident occurs at a petroleum storage site or filling station, station operatorsmust report anyrelease or any spill of over 25 gallons within 24 hours to the OCC PSTD. Both the PSTD and theenvironmental compliance experts at the Commission have 24-hour emergency numbers that areprovidedtostationoperators.Toassistinremediatinganyspills,newstationsmustnowfileblueprintsofundergroundtanksandlineswiththeOCCPSTD.TheEPAisalsoinvolvedwithinspectingpetroleumstoragetanks.UnderCFR280Chapter40,EPAinspectorsconductperiodicinspectionsofstoragetanksand if violations are found, EPA works collaboratively with the OCC staff to lockdown the tank andremediatetheviolation.

Whenanoutagedoesoccur,evenastheindustryworkstolimitthesupplydisruptionit iscriticalthatresponders have a variety of options available to them to manage supply and demand for oil andpetroleumduringthe interruption.Therefore,asmentionedabove,the listbelowoutlinesavarietyofspecificoptionsenergyemergencyrespondersmaychoosetotakewhenrespondingtooilorpetroleumsupplydisruptions.AdditionaldetailsregardingeachoftheseoptionscanbefoundinAppendixD.

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ManagingSupply• StateofOklahomaassumescontroloffuelprioritization.• TemporarilyliftFederalMotorCarrierSafetyRegulations(FMCSR)forovertheroadtransport

trucks.• Topofffuelstoragetanksinanticipationofaneventthatwillimpactgasolinetransportation• Encourageorrequirelongerrefillcyclesfortanks,orwaituntiltankiscompletelydepleted

beforethetankisrefilled• RequestwaiversfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)fortheimportofgasoline

thatdoesnotmeetlocalairqualityrequirements.• RequestwaiversfromEPAtoallowforhighsulfurdieselproductstobeusedforhighway

consumption.• PetitiontheEPAtoallowrefineriestosellgasolineoutofseasonortosuspendtheReidVapor

PressureStandard(RVP)forgasoline.• PetitiontheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyorPresidentforanexchangeorreleaseofcrudeoilfrom

theU.S.StrategicPetroleumReserve.

ManagingDemand• Conductapublicinformationcampaigndesignedtoencourageridesharing.• Conductapublicinformationcampaigndesignedtoencouragefuel-efficientdrivingpractices.• TriggertheOklahomaEmergencyPriceStabilizationAct.• Offerdiscountedratesorincentivesforutilizinganypublictransitoptions.• Increasethenumberorfrequencyofbusroutes.• Reducespeedlimitsonroadways,and/orincreasetheenforcementofeitherloweredorexisting

speedlimits.• Conductapublicinformationcampaignencouragingprivatesectortelecommutingor

teleworking.• Enactorsupportateleworkortelecommutingpolicyforpublicemployees.• Encouragestaggeredcommutetimesforpublicand/orprivateemployersand/orstaggered

schoolstarttimes.• Curtailuseofmarineandoff-roadrecreationalvehicles.• EncouragetheuseofalternativefuelssuchasCNG,biofuels,ordiesel.

NATURALGAS

PreparationandPreventativeMeasuresThenaturalgas industry inOklahoma isalso regulatedby theState tohelpprotecta stablesupplyofgas.First, thePipelineSafetySectionof theTransportationDivision’sEnforcementDepartmentwithintheOCCisresponsibleforensuringthatintrastatenaturalgasandhazardouspipelineoperatorscomplywith state and federal pipeline safety regulations. Federal requirements mandate that pipelineoperators determine the integrity of their pipelines through testing for appropriate pressure and forphysicalweaknessorthreatsandkeeplogsofthistesting.PipelineSafety’stwofieldsupervisorsandtenfieldinspectorsinspecttherecordsandfieldoperationsofoperatorsstatewide,aswellasperformsiteinspections.Itisimportanttonotethatpipelineslocatedbetweenthewellsandthegatheringlinesare

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not subject to state inspection or regulation except for reporting of major incidents; gathering lineslocated in rural areas (approximately 80% of the state) are also not subject to state regulation.InterstatepipelineoperatorsaresubjectonlytosafetyregulationsenforcedbytheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation’sPipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration(PHMSA),butPHMSAisindailyemailcontactwiththeOCCtoinformstaffofanyinterstateincidentsoraccidents.

In addition, in 2002 the federal Pipeline Safety Improvement Act required the U.S. Secretary ofTransportation to issue regulations defining pipeline integritymanagement programs, prescribing thestandardsforconductingriskanalyses,andadoptingandimplementingintegritymanagementprogramsfornaturalgaspipelines.Subsequently,thePHMSAissuedarulerequiringnaturalgaspipelineoperatorstodevelop integritymanagementprograms for gas transmissionpipelines inhigh-consequenceareas.This rulehaspromptedOklahomaNaturalGas (ONG) toundertakea complete inspectionand,whereneeded,upgradeitstransmissionlines insegmentsoveraseveralyearperiod, includingdefininghigh-consequence areas of pipeline and developing a baseline assessment plan to consistently assess theintegrityofpipelinesegmentsandprioritizerisks.TheCorporationCommissionauthorizedONGtofundthis program through implementation of an Integrity Management rider for several years, until thecompany’s 2011 rate review. Earlier in the decade, ONG had received authorization and fundingapprovaltotakeoverinspectionofcustomeryardlinesonafive-yearcycle,thusinspectingone-fifthoftheyardlinedistributionsystemeachyear.

The state’s other major natural gas utility, CenterPoint Energy of Oklahoma, is a distribution-onlycompany and receives its transmission service froman interstate system that is under the regulatoryauthority of the U.S. Department of Transportation. CenterPoint remains responsible for themaintenance of its distribution system. In addition to the Corporation Commission’s Public UtilityDivision,regulationofthisdistributionsystemalsofallsundertheCommission’sPipelineSafetySection.

Finally, and similarly to the electric sector, to prevent accidental disruptions, theOklahomaOne CallSystem,knownasCallOkie,requirescompaniesandprivatecitizenstocallonenumberbeforediggingon theirproperty—bycalling in the locationof theproposeddig, theutilitiescancomeoutandmarktheirlinestoavoiddamagetoundergroundfacilities.

MitigationMeasuresAfterSupplyInterruptionsAllpipelineoperatorssubjecttofederalregulation49CFRParts192(naturalgas)and195(liquids)havereporting requirements, and must report incidents or accidents of a certain magnitude both to thePHMSAandOCC’sPipelineSafetySection.59Reportsofcodeviolationsgo to thepipelineoperator forcorrection.Iftheviolationisseriousortheoperatorrepeatedlyviolatesregulations,PipelineSafetywillrecommend an enforcement action to be filed. In the case of an accident with environmental

59BoththefederalPHMSAandtheStateofOklahomaoutlineindetailwhatmagnitudeofleakorincidentrequiresreporting.Fornaturalgas,thefederalstandardforintrastateoperatorsis$50,000ineconomicloss,lossofalife,workerinjury,oralostof3millioncu.ft.ofgas.Thestatestandardfornaturalgasisanyeconomiclossover$5,000.

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consequences,OCCandtheDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityhaveanMOUthatoverseescleanupofcrudeoilorcondensatesfromgas.FederalrequirementsalsoapplythroughstandardsissuedbytheU.S.EPA.

In thecaseofa supply interruptionor shortage, regulatednaturalgascompanieswill informtheOCCunderthefollowingcircumstances:

• Theoutageinvolvesamajorregulatorstationorfacility• Theoutagemayinvolveahighdegreeofpublicinterestorconcern• Theoutagewillhaveadurationof4hoursormoreandinvolve1%or50customersormore,

whicheverisgreater,ofthecompany’stotalmetercount.

Asthecollectionpointforreportsofpipelineemergencies,thePipelinesafetysectionmaintainsanoncall employee (rotatesweekly) who is available in emergency situations that can be contacted 24/7.Pipeline Safety personnel are not first responders, but they play an important role as evaluators ofinformation.PipelineSafetypersonnelmaycalloperatorstosubstantiateinformationorsendinspectorstocommenceaninvestigation.OperatorsarerequiredtoconductfailureinvestigationsandthePipelineSafetySectionauditstheoperatorstomakesuresuchinvestigationsarecarriedout.

Justas in theelectricsector, regulatednaturalgasutilitiesarerequiredbytheOCCtoplan forsupplyinterruptions, andunder theOklahomaAdministrativeCode (OAC165:45-9-2),eachyearmust fileanupdatedRestorationofServicePlantotheCommission.Afteranoutage,theutilitymustcommunicateits progress in restoring service and must use the following guidelines when developing andimplementingtheirPlans:

(1)Assessmentoftheextentoftheserviceinterruptionandwhatresources(equipment,materials,andlabor)willberequiredtorestoreservice.Theutilityshouldalsoattempttodeterminethenumberofcustomersaffectedandthegeographicextentoftheserviceinterruption.(2)Determinationastowhetherornottheservicerestorationcanbeaccomplishedthroughtheuseofin-housepersonnelonly,orifcontractors(personnelobtainedfromotherutilitiesorthird-partyentities)willberequired.Theobjectiveistohaveservicerestoredassoonaspossible.(3)Identificationofprioritiesforservicerestoration,baseduponemergencyneedsanduponeaseofrestorationforthegreatestuseofmoney,time,andeffort.Priorityshallbegiventoanylife-threateningsituationsknownordiscoveredduringrestorationofservice.

An excerpt from CenterPoint Oklahoma’s restoration of service plan follows. This excerpt isrepresentativeofrestorationofserviceplansacrossthenaturalgassector.

TheCompanyhasidentifiedaprimaryandsecondaryemergencycontactandhasprovidedfullcontactinformationfortheseindividualstotheOCC’sPublicInformationOfficeraspart

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ofitsRestorationofServicePlan.AnoutlineoftheCenterPointOklahoma’sEmergencyOperationsPlanasitrelatestorestorationofserviceisasfollows:

1. Determinethegeographicareaoftheoutage.2. Determinethecauseandtimeneededtorestoregasservicetotheimpacted

area.3. Determinehowmanymetersareinvolvedandthemanpowerrequiredforturn-

offandturn-onoperation.4. Notifyuppermanagementandcivilauthoritiesifnecessary.5. Requesttheneedednumberofcompletelyequippedservicepersonsforthe

turn-offoperation.6. Requestthatscrolls,routecards,addresslistsand/ormapsbeprinted.7. Isolatetheaffectedareabyturningoffvalves,regulatorstations,orother

pressurecontroldevices.8. Identifythoseresponsibleforconductingfieldoperations.9. Implementturn-offprocedures(withoutblindplates).10. Requestsupplementalcompletelyequippedservicepersonsfortheturn-on

operation.a. Restoreservicetosystem.b. Purgesystematidentifiedpurgepoints.c. Turnoncustomers,identifyandgivespecialattentiontoprioritycustomers,

andtagdoorofanycustomersthatcannotbeturnedonatthetime.

TheCompanymandatesthatitslocalbusinessunitsmaintain:

1. Listoftelephonenumbersfor:localemergencyresponsepersonnel,companymanagementpersonnel,civilauthoritiesassociatedwiththelocalservicearea,gaspipelinesuppliersdeliveringgastothelocalservicearea,otherutilitycompanieswithinthelocalservicearea,andcontractorsqualifiedtoperformgaslineworkinthenearvicinity.

2. Listofemergencyequipment,toolsandmaterialsavailableatthelocation.3. Listofkeyvalvesand/ormaps.

TheCompanyrecommendsthatitsbusinessunitsmaintain:

1. Listofcurtailmentcustomers.2. Listofcustomerswithhighpriorityforrestoration.

Whenaneventdoesoccur,evenastheindustryworkstolimitthetimeofdisruption, it iscriticalthatrespondershaveavarietyofoptionsavailable to themtomanagesupplyanddemandfornaturalgaswhiletheinterruptionisoccurring.Therefore,thelistbelowoutlinesavarietyofspecificoptionsenergyemergencyrespondersmaychoosetotakewhenrespondingtonaturalgasshortages.AdditionaldetailsregardingeachoftheseoptionscanbefoundinAppendixD.

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ManagingSupply• Temporarilyliftwellheadrestrictionsontheproductionofnaturalgassoastoallowcompanies

topumpasmuchaspossible.• Allowpipelinepacktoincreasereservesuppliesavailable.• Localgasdistributioncompanies(LDC)canpurchaseadditionalgasinordertomeetdemand.• Gascompaniesthataredrawinggasfromstoragefacilitiescanincreasetherateofwithdrawal

inordertomeetincreasedshort-termdemand.• Encourageorrequiregascompanieswhentechnicallyfeasibletoaccessandutilizeother

sourcesofgas,suchasLNG,propaneairstations,and/orsyntheticnaturalgas.

ReducingDemand• Encourageorrequireatemporaryreductioninnaturalgasusageinstatefacilitiesorby

industrialusers.• Requestthatlargecommercialandindustrialcustomersreducegasusebydecreasingtheir

thermostatsettingsorreducinggas-consumingindustrialprocesses.• Encourageresidentialcustomerstolowerthermostatsandwaterheatingsettings,reducehot

waterdemand,anddeferusinggasappliances.• Curtailorshutoffgassupplytocustomers,regardlessofinterruptibleagreementsinplace.• Increaseretailratestoconsumers.• Conductapublicinformationcampaignand/orofferincentivesthatprovideinformation,energy

estimates,ordiscountsforthepurchaseandinstallationofmoreefficientnaturalgasappliances.

• Encouragelargeindustrialcustomerstoparticipateinagasbuy-backprogram.

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CONCLUSION Oklahoma’senergylandscapeisone-of-a-kind.Inconjunctionwiththestate’smainemergencyplanningdocument—the Oklahoma Emergency Operations Plan—this Energy Assurance Plan represents adetailedpictureoftheenergyindustriesofourstate,outlinesthehistoryandpotentialforlikelycausesof energy emergencies, and presents policy and strategy options for decisionmakers to utilizewhenmitigatingandrespondingtoenergyemergencies. It is intendedasanadditional“tool in thetoolbox”forgovernmentandprivatesectorpartners toutilize inaway thatwillminimize the impactof futureenergyemergencies.

The importance of fostering an ongoing dialogue regarding energy assurance cannot be overstated.ThereforeitisOklahoma’sintenttoregularlyrevisitthecontentofthisPlantoensureitsaccuracy,andto continue the conversationwith government partners, energy providers, and other stakeholders toensure that thisEnergyAssurancePlancontinues tobestprovide informationanddirection toenergyplannersandrespondersformanyyearsintothefuture.

At any time, questions and comments regarding the Energy Assurance Plan may be directed to theOklahoma State Energy Office: please contact Kylah McNabb at (405) 522-7226 orKylah.McNabb@ee.ok.gov.

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AppendixA:SupplyDisruptionTracking

Oklahomahasdevelopedamulti-facetedtrackingprocesstogatherandanalyzeenergyinformationonadaily,weekly,monthlyandannualbasis,givingenergyassuranceplannersadditionaltoolstomonitorenergysuppliesintheelectric,naturalgas,andpetroleumsectors.

ElectricSectorSupplyTrackingThe Oklahoma Corporation Commission requires regulated utilities to perform detailed tracking ofoutageinformation—thisisapartofdeterminingSAIFIandSAIDI. Aggregatedinformationisprovidedannually to the Public Utility Division and is summarized in an annual Reliability Report. In addition,someOklahoma utilities offerweb-based outage information that can be utilized by the public. Thatpublictrackinginformationcanbefoundat:

OklahomaGas&ElectricCompanyhttps://www.oge.com/wps/portal/oge/outages/systemwatch/PublicServiceCompanyofOklahomahttps://www.psoklahoma.com/outages/EmpireDistrictElectricCompanyhttps://www.empiredistrict.com/Outages/OutageMap.aspxIn outage situations, as described in theMitigating, Tracking, andResponding to Energy EmergenciessectionofthisPlan,utilitiesalsoremaininregularcommunicationwiththeCorporationCommissiontoprovidestatusupdatesregardingoutagesandrestorationtimes.

To giveenergyassuranceplanners additional tools tobetterunderstand trends in electric supply andoutages, the Public Utility Division at the Corporation Commission also maintains regularly-updatedspreadsheets containing myriad information regarding energy supplies, prices and outages. Thefollowingdataiscollectedandreviewedonaregularbasis:

• AverageRetailPriceofElectricitytoCustomersbySector(monthly)• NetGenerationbySector(monthly)• RetailSalesofElectricitytoCustomersbySector(monthly)• Incidenttrackingbydate,duration,area,eventtype,demandlossandcustomersaffected

(monthly)

ThedatacompiledissourcedfromtheEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)andtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.

Page|105

NaturalGasSectorSupplyTrackingWithinthenaturalgassector,thePublicUtilityDivisionoftheCorporationCommissiondoesweeklyandmonthlytrackingofbothpricingandincidentreports.Thefollowingdataiscollectedandreviewedonaregularbasis:

• HenryHubSpotPrice(weekly)• CitygatePrice(monthly)• ResidentialPrice(monthly)• CommercialPrice(monthly)• IndustrialPrice(monthly)• ElectricPowerPrice(monthly)• Incidenttrackingbydate,location,releaseamount,casualties,shutdownduration,cause,and

cost(monthly)

ThedatacompiledissourcedfromtheEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)andtheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationPipeline&HazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration.

PetroleumSectorSupplyTrackingWithinthepetroleumsector,thePublicUtilityDivisionoftheCorporationCommissiondoesdaily,weeklyandmonthlytrackingofpricing.Thefollowingdataiscollectedandreviewedonaregularbasis:

• CrudeOilSpotPrice,Cushing,Oklahoma(daily)• SpotFuelPrices,byfueltype(daily)• National,RegionalandStatewideRetailPrices,byfueltype(weekly)• Inventories,byfueltype(weekly)• PrimeSupplierSalesinOklahoma,byfueltype(monthly)

ThedatacompiledissourcedfromtheEnergyInformationAdministration(EIA)andtheAmericanAutomobileAssociation.

Page|106

AppendixB:CooperativesServingOklahoma

Oklahoma statute 17O.S. § 158.27 allows electric cooperatives toopt out of price regulation andbeself-governing with an elected board of directors accountable to their customers. Most of thecooperatives in the state have opted for the self-regulatory option.While theOklahomaCorporationCommission (OCC) does not directly regulate these cooperatives in terms of rates, the OCC isresponsibleformonitoringthestatusandreliabilityofeachprovider.

ThosewhichhavenotoptedoutofpriceregulationandwhoseservicereliabilityandpricingisregulatedbytheOCCare:

• ArkansasValleyCooperative• CanadianValleyElectricCooperative*• NortheastOklahomaElectricCooperative**• RichMountainElectricCooperative• SouthwestArkansasElectricCooperative

The cooperatives that have opted out of price regulation by the OCC but that are still under theCommission’sregulationforservicereliabilityare:

• AlfalfaElectricCooperative* • LakeRegionElectricCooperative**• CaddoElectricCooperative* • NorthforkElectricCooperative*• CentralRuralElectricCooperative** • NorthwesternElectricCooperative*• ChoctawElectricCooperative* • OklahomaElectricCooperative*• CimarronElectricCooperative* • OzarksElectricCooperative**• CooksonHillsElectricCooperative** • People’sElectricCooperative*• CottonElectricCooperative* • RedRiverValleyRuralElectricAssociation*• EastCentralElectricCooperative*** • RuralElectricCooperative,Inc.*• HarmonElectricAssociation* • SoutheasternElectricCooperative,Inc.*• IndianElectricCooperative** • SouthwestRuralElectricAssociation,Inc.*• KayElectricCooperative* • Tri-CountyElectricCooperative,Inc.****• KiamichiElectricCooperative*** • VerdigrisValleyElectricCooperative,Inc.**• KiwashElectricCooperative* *DenotesmembershipintheWesternFarmersElectricCooperative(WFEC)**DenotesmembershipinKAMOElectricCooperative,Inc.(KAMOPower)***DenotesmembershipinbothWFECandKAMOPower****DenotesmembershipinGoldenSpreadElectricCooperative

Page|107

AppendixC:PublicCompressedNaturalGasFuelingStationLocations

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

AdaTravelStopWest

201LattaRd

Ada Public Q30003600

24hoursdailyCashChecksMVVoyagerWright_Exp

580-310-0900

Love'sTravelStop#8

619NMainSt

Altus Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

580-482-6167

OnCueExpress#356

2860CollegeBlvd

Alva

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

OklahomaNaturalGas-AnadarkoServiceCenter

1700ECentral

Anadarko

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OklahomaNaturalGas-SouthernOklahoma

DevelopmentAssociation

1995VeteransBlvd

Ardmore

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Love'sTravelStop#266

320112thAveNW

Ardmore Public Q 3600 24hoursdailyCashChecksADMVFuelMan

580-226-0973

Page|108

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

VoyagerWright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

ArkansasOklahomaGasCorp

4419MainSt

Arkoma

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelMan

Wright_ExpComdata

405-338-8552

OklahomaNaturalGas-BartlesvilleServiceCenter

3601NEIndianaSt

Bartlesville

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OnCueExpress#45

7850AcreRd

Billings

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-725-3252

OklahomaNaturalGas-

BrokenArrowServiceCenter

2421S1stPl

BrokenArrow

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

JiffyTrip1745S

GrandAveCherokee Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataFleetOne

580-596-2340

Love'sTravelStop#86

1326S4thSt

Chickasha Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOne

405-222-2355

Page|109

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

TchekTCH

Love'sTravelStop#486

7401SChoctaw

RdChoctaw Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-391-3855

OklahomaNaturalGas-ClaremoreServiceCenter

1449SWCountryClubRd

Claremore

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OklahomaNaturalGas-

ClintonServiceCenter

500WCommerce

Clinton

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

DominoExpress#1

1709SHighway183

Clinton

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataEFS

580-323-2929

OklahomaNaturalGas-

CNGMaintenance

Facility

1028NPreston

Davenport

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OnCueExpress#107

5500SE29thSt

DelCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-672-3420

America's7301NHighway

Duncan Public-Credit

Q 3600 24hoursdaily ADMVFuelMan

580-255-

Page|110

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

Fuel4U 81 cardatalltimes

GasCardVoyager

Wright_Exp

3111

OnCueExpress#115

3201SKellyAve

Edmond Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-359-1141

OnCueExpress#105-C-Store

800SBroadway

Edmond Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-330-6009

OnCueExpress#120

TBD Edmond

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

TotalExpress16401NRockwell

AveEdmond

Public-Credit

cardafterhours

Q 3600

5:30am-10:30pmM-

Sat,7am-10pmSun

ChecksCashMV

405-348-3835

OnCueExpress#351

3401SRadioRd

ElReno

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600

24hoursdaily;stationcan

accommodateheavy-dutyvehiclesinneedof

emergencyfueling

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

DominoExpress#9

1303W3rdSt

ElkCity Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-225-0152

Hutch'sC-Store#119

2001E7thSt

ElkCityPublic-Credit

cardatall

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMVVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-303-4515

Page|111

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

times

Hutch'sC-Store#801

515SMainSt

ElkCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMVVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-225-0301

OklahomaNaturalGas-EnidService

Center

421SGarland

RdEnid

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OnCueExpress#326-C-Store

1005EOwenKGarriot

Enid Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-237-4898

L&SFuelsLLC120CedarSpringsRd

Fairview

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-227-0999

Tillman'sProducersCo-opFuelingStation

507SMainSt

Frederick

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-335-2107

B&HConstruction

600WInterstate

DrGoldsby

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMV

Wright_Exp

405-288-2412

BlueEnergyFuels

573W3rdSt

Grove

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-641-2583

OklahomaNaturalGas-

GuthrieService

205SigmaPl

Guthrie

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Page|112

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

Center

Love'sTravelStop#604

2700EHighway

33Guthrie Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManGasCardVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-260-1493

HighPlainsBioenergy

3271USHighway

54Guymon

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyDMVVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-468-3790

ChampionCNG

316NMainSt

Hennessey

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADFuelManMVVoyagerWright_Exp

405-853-5111

OnCueExpress#358

1206SMainSt

Hennessey

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

Love'sCountryStore#5

203SMain

Kingfisher Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-375-5019

Love'sTravelStop#263

24169Highway

49Lawton Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

580-529-2882

Page|113

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

OnCueExpress#352

1407SE4thSt

Lindsay

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

CityofMannford

210ETrowerBlvd

Mannford

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily 918-865-4403

EZGo#58

Mile66.5IndianNationTurnpike

McAlester Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

918-421-8940

OklahomaNaturalGas-

MiamiServiceCenter

11STreatyRd

Miami

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OnCueExpress#118

411SW4th

Moore Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-237-1185

7-Eleven#771920SEasternAve

Moore

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily MV405-793-1328

OklahomaNaturalGas-MuskogeeServiceCenter

2616WBorderSt

Muskogee

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OklahomaNaturalGas-Mustang

680EHighway

MustangPublic-Credit

cardatall

B30003600

24hoursdailyDMV

FuelManVoyager

844-713-

Page|114

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

ServiceCenter

152 times Wright_Exp 7987

OklahomaNaturalGas-NormanServiceCenter

605NBerryRd

Norman

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Love'sTravelStop#260

5317SE44thSt

Norman Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManGasCardVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-364-0059

CityofNorman

2351Goddard

AveNorman

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManGasCardVoyager

Wright_ExpFleetOne

405-292-9709

Love'sTravelStop#274

102WCopeland

Okemah Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

918-623-2024

OnCueExpress#119

2837NW36thSt

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

7-Eleven#231NE36th

StOklahoma

City

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600 24hoursdailyCashChecks

MV

Page|115

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

RenoPartners-Conoco

3701WRenoAve

OklahomaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADGasCardMVVoyagerWright_Exp

405-942-7528

Love'sCountry

Store#245

3233SW89thSt

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-686-1053

OnCueExpress#191

4920NWesternAve

OklahomaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

OnCueExpress#116

3901NWExpy

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-942-0964

OklahomaNaturalGas-SouthsideServiceCenter

412SE59thSt

OklahomaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Love'sTravelStop#203

800SMorgan

Rd

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-789-0087

OnCueExpress#126

TBDOklahoma

City

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public-Credit

cardatall

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

Page|116

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

times)

OnCueExpress#101-C-Store

1NW23rdSt

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-557-1170

Love'sTravelStop#205

12225NI-35Service

Rd

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-478-5766

OnCueExpress#100-C-Store

5900WRenoAve

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600

24hoursdaily;stationcan

accommodateheavy-dutyvehicles,

howeversomemaneuveringmightbenecessary

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-787-2255

OklahomaCitySolidWasteDivision

11501NPortlandAve

OklahomaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMVFuelMan

Wright_Exp

405-749-3092

OnCueExpress#112-C-Store

13600NWesternAve

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-752-4597

OnCueExpress#117

7400SSoonerRd

OklahomaCity

Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-733-1648

Page|117

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

CleanEnergy-WillRogers

WorldAirport

4424Amelia

EarhartDr

OklahomaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily;call866-809-4869forCleanEnergycard

CleanEnergyDFuelManMVVoyagerWright_Exp

866-809-4869

OklahomaNaturalGas-OkmulgeeServiceCenter

2018SWoodDr

Okmulgee

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3000 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

MuskogeeNationBusiness

Enterprise-CreekNationTravelPlaza

2800NWoodDr

Okmulgee

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600 24hoursdaily 918-752-0090

OnCueExpress#357

TBD Okmulgee

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public-Credit

cardatalltimes)

Q 3600 24hoursdailyMFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

BlueEnergyFuels-Cityof

Owasso

101SMainSt

Owasso

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-641-2583

Love'sTravelStop#452

1601WAirlineRd

PaulsValley Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

405-207-9692

OklahomaNaturalGas-PaulsValley

1701WAirlineRd

PaulsValleyPublic-Credit

cardatall

B 3000 24hoursdailyDMV

FuelManVoyager

844-713-7987

Page|118

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

ServiceCenter

times Wright_Exp

OnCueExpress#16

1613WSouthAve

PoncaCity

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

OklahomaNaturalGas-PoncaCityServiceCenter

2205NAshSt

PoncaCity

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

PoteauCNG34042OldWisterHwy

Poteau

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-649-5758

CNGnGo4333W530Rd

PryorCreek

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataEFSFleetOne

918-581-4311

CNGnGo2210

IndustrialRd

Sapulpa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataEFSFleetOne

918-581-4311

OklahomaNaturalGas-

SapulpaServiceCenter

410SHawthorn

StSapulpa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Hutch'sC-Store#120

610NEHighway

66Sayre Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVVoyagerWright_Exp

580-928-3847

Page|119

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

CapitalCNG3302NHighway

99Seminole

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelMan

Wright_ExpComdata

405-382-0514

OklahomaNaturalGas-ShawneeServiceCenter

1444NKickapoo

StShawnee

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

CleanEnergy-Oklahoma

StateUniversity

1323WLakeview

DrStillwater

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q30003600

24hoursdaily;call866-809-4869forCleanEnergycard

CleanEnergyDFuelManMVVoyagerWright_Exp

866-809-4869

OklahomaNaturalGas-StillwaterServiceCenter

3424NPerkinsRd

Stillwater

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

OnCueExpress#314-C-Store

1402SPerkinsRd

Stillwater Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-624-9091

NortheastOklahomaPublic

FacilitiesAuthority-Stilwell

RuralRoute6

Stilwell

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-696-4177

EZGo#53Mile178TurnerTurnpike

Stroud Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_ExpEFS

918-968-2208

ConocoOutpost

Convenience

17699SMuskogee

TahlequahPLANNED-notyetaccessible

Q 36006am-10pm

dailyADMV 918-

456-

Page|120

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

Store Ave (Public-Credit

cardatalltimes)

5578

NortheastOklahomaPublic

FacilitiesAuthority-Tahlequah

853NWoodard

AveTahlequah

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-456-5621918-456-3591

ChickasawIndianNation-Thackerville

22983Brown

SpringsRdThackerville

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

ADMVVoyager

Wright_ExpComdataEFSFleetOne

580-276-4706

OklahomaNaturalGas-TulsaServiceCenterWest

7002SUnionAve

Tulsa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

TimmonsOilCo

13001EAdmiralPl

Tulsa

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600

CityofTulsa7952E33rdStS

Tulsa

PLANNED-notyetaccessible(Public)

Q 3600

BlueEnergyFuels-Tulsa

GasTechnologies

4809S101EAve

Tulsa

Public-Credit

cardafterhours

Q 3600

8am-5pmdaily;AlsoacceptsTulsaGas

Technologiescard

CashDMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

918-641-2583

TruStarEnergy-Tulsa

5011SVandaliaAve

TulsaPublic-Credit

cardatall

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMVFuelManVoyager

253-561-2870

Page|121

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

times Wright_Exp

OklahomaNaturalGas-TulsaService

Center

5848E15thSt

Tulsa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

CityofTulsaWest

MaintenanceYard

420W23rdSt

Tulsa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 5am-11pmM-F MV918-527-0002

OklahomaNaturalGas-TulsaNorthServiceCenter

4821E66thStN

Tulsa

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

B30003600

24hoursdaily

DMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-713-7987

Sparq-Watonga

320SClarenceNashBlvd

Watonga

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManGasCardVoyager

Wright_Exp

844-772-7764

OnCueExpress#353

32744State

Highway45

Waynoka

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600

24hoursdaily;stationisheavy-duty

accessible,butthereisatightturningradius

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

FastLaneTravelPlaza

1501NAirportRd

Weatherford Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashChecksADMVFuelManGasCardVoyager

Wright_ExpEFS

580-772-6076580-772-5618

Love'sTravelStop#255

214SHighway

WebbersFalls

Public Q 3600 24hoursdailyCashChecksADMVFuelMan

918-464-

Page|122

StationName

StreetAddress

CityAccessType

FillTypeCode

PSI AccessTimeCards

AcceptedStationPhone

100 VoyagerWright_ExpEFSFleetOneTchekTCH

2865

OnCueExpress#355

1605Highway2

SWilburton

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdaily

MVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-338-8552

Hutch'sC-Store#113

3710Oklahoma

AveWoodward

Public-Credit

cardatalltimes

Q 3600 24hoursdailyADMVVoyager

Wright_Exp

580-256-2650

OnCueExpress#122

1000NCzechHall

RdYukon Public Q 3600 24hoursdaily

CashMVFuelManVoyager

Wright_Exp

405-324-2083

Source:AssociationofCentralOklahomaGovernments,CentralOklahomaCleanCities,http://www.okcleancities.org/cng(June7,2016).

Page|123

AppendixD:EnergyEmergencyResponseMenu

The Energy Emergency ResponseMenu belowwas initially compiled in 2013. A review of state bestpracticeswas done in 2016, andnomajor updateswere deemedwarranted at that time.During thereview, authors consulted NASEO documents and peer state Energy Assurance plans for allgeographicallyandstructurallysimilarstatestoOklahoma.

ElectricityEmergencyResponseMenu

TypeofEmergency

SupplyorDemandSideManagement

Measure WhatitDoesRecommended

Steps

Recomme-ndedforShortageLevel

Electric Supply

Participationinregionalplanningandtransmissionorganizations(SouthwestPowerPool)

TheSouthwestPowerPoolhastheabilitytoshiftpowerfromstatetostatewithinitsauthorizedregionasameansofalleviatinglocalizedoutages.

SPPcanseeeachgeneratingunitandtransmissionlineandmonitorsthese24/7/365.OCCPUDmaintainsstaffinactivecommunicationwithSPPtoupdateonstatusofshortages.UtilitiescanalsogodirectlytoSPP.

1

2

3

4

Electric Supply

Temporarilyincreaselevelsofcoalstockpilingbyelectricutilitycompanies.

Allowselectricutilitiestoplanforpredictedfuelshortages.Byincreasingstockpilesofnecessaryfuel

UtilitiesmayincreasestockpileswithoutOCCinput.UtilitynotifiesOCCifstockpileexceeds45daysupplyand

2

3

Page|124

abovea45daysupply,theywillmoreeasilyhandletheupcomingshortage.

OCCregulateshowmuchofthecostcanbepassedthroughinratebaseafterthefact.

4

Electric Supply

TemporarilysubstituteOklahomacoalforWyomingcoalincoal-firedpowerplants.

IntheeventofaWYcoalshortage,Oklahomacoalcouldbeusedtokeepgenerationconstant.OKcoalisnotofthesametypeasWYcoal,thereforewaiverswouldbeneeded.

UtilitieswouldcontactDEQandU.S.EPAtogainwaiverstotemporarilysubstituteonetypeofcoalforanother.

4

Electric SupplyReductionofvoltageinthesystem.

Reductionofvoltagebylessthanfiveorsixpercentcanreducethedemandsonthesystem,withmostcustomersnotbeingadverselyimpacted.*Thisshort-termsolutionshouldbetakenonlyafterpublicnoticehasbeengiven,ascertainsensitiveelectricalequipmentmaybeadverselyaffected,andwouldneedtobeprotected.

UtilitieswouldnotifycustomersinconjunctionwithOCC,andthenutilitieswouldperformthevoltagereduction.

4

Page|125

Electric Supply

Utilizelargebackupgenerationwhenmobileunitsareavailable

Utilitiesandlargeindustrialcustomerscaninstalllargegeneratorsthatcansupplyfrom75to100megawattsoftemporarydieselgenerationtoeaseelectricalshortages.

OEMwillfacilitatecommunicationbetweencustomersinneedofbackupgenerationandutilities,whomaintainlistsofpriorityrestoration.Generatorownersshouldbepreparedtomobilizegeneratorstoappropriatelocationsonceidentified.OEMshouldcoordinaterequestforbackupgeneratorswithFEMAandUSDOE,whichcanoftenprovideemergencygeneratorsforcriticalinfrastructureorfuelsites.OEMandtheNationalGuardalsohavegeneratorstagingpointsthatcanbeutilized.

4

Electric Supply

Uselocomotivegeneratorsforelectricitygenerationinselectedlocations.

Oklahomahasmoreuseablefreightraillinesthanalmostanyotherstate.Byutilizingtheseraillines,locomotivescanbeusedasemergencyelectricitygenerationsourcestoprovideelectricityforcriticalfacilities.

OEMshouldfacilitatecommunicationswithOKDOTandOCCtodetermineraillinelocationsandfeasibilityofplacinglocomotivesnearcentersofneed.

4

Page|126

Electric

NaturalGas

DemandActivateinterruptiblerates/curtailmentprograms

Aloadsheddingmechanismwherebyindustrialcustomersreceivealowerrateinexchangeforwillingnesstohavetheirserviceinterruptedintimesofhighsystemdemand.

Allutilitieshavetheseprogramscurrentlyinplaceandcouldactivatecurtailmentsasneededwithoutstateapproval.Utilitiesmustprovidenoticetotheindividualuserspriortocurtailing.

1

2

Electric DemandImplementsystem-widerollingblackouts

Aloadsheddingmechanismthatallowsautilitytoreducetheimpactsrealizedfromextendedoutages.

UtilitymustnotifycustomersandOCCpriortooutagesbeginninganddurationofoutagesmustbedeterminedbytheutility.Utilitymustconsiderifanycustomersshouldbeexemptedfromtheblackouts.CoordinatewithOEMandOCCtodisseminateinformationonblackoutlocationsanddurationviamediaandutilizesmartmetersaspossibletotargetoutagelocations.

4

Electric Demand

Voluntaryormandatorycurtailmentofpublicbuildingenergyuse

Loadsheddingmechanismthatcouldmeanreducedhoursofoperationstocurtailenergyuse.

UtilitieswouldcommunicatewithOMES/Governor’sOfficeregardingtheneedforenergyreductions.GovernorwouldissueanExecutiveOrderclosingbuildingsormodifyingaccess.

3

4

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Electric Demand

Employand/orexpandtime-of-useratesforresidentialand/orindustrialusers

Aloadsheddingmechanismwhichcreatesstrongfinancialincentivesforconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.Programsaremosteffectivewithsmartmetersinplace.

Utilitieswithprogramsalreadyinplace(OG&EandPSO)canemploytheseprogramswithoutinputfromstateofficials.

1

2

3

4

Electric Demand

Utilizecapacityatsiteswithfuelswitchingorco-generationcapabilities

Aloadsheddingmechanismthatcanreduceelectricdemandonthegrid.

Utilitywillcontactco-generationsitetorequestthattheco-generationcapacitybeutilizedtoreducetheirelectricdemand

3

4

Electric Demand

Conductapublicinformationprogramonhomeenergyassessments

Anassessmentwillshowtheproblemsthatcan,whencorrected,increaseresidentialenergyefficiency,thusreducingelectricitydemand.

Utilitiesadministertheseprogramsandareresponsibleforpromotingthem.UtilitiescouldbeencouragedbyOCCtomorewidelypublicizetheprograms.

1

2

Electric Demand

Implementapublicinformationorincentiveprogramtopurchasemoreefficientappliances,addinsulation,orchangelighting

Amechanismtoreduceenergyconsumption

Utilitiescurrentlyoffertheseincentives.StateagenciesincludingOCCandODOCalsopromotetheseincentivestothepublic.Considerincreasingpublicity/visibilityintimesofshortage.

1

2

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Electric Demand

Conductapublicinformationcampaigntoprovideelectricitysavingtips

Encouragescustomerstoreduceenergyconsumption

Utilitiescurrentlyofferthesepromotionalmaterials.ConsiderusingpublicfiguressuchasOCCCommissionersorGovernorforPSAsregardingelectricityconservationintimesofshortage.

1

2

3

4

Electric Demand Increaseratesforcustomers.

Higherpricesdiscourageconsumptionduringshortages.Thistypeofshort-termchangecouldonlyfeasiblybeimplementedinaself-regulatedco-opormunicipalutilitysetting.

Utilitiesmustpublicizetherateincreasesthoroughlytorealizetheconservationbenefits.Co-opboardmembersorcitygovernmentsmustapproveratechanges.TheStatehasnoauthorityoverthesechangesastheseareunregulatedutilities.

2

3

4

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Electric Demand

Encourageordirectgovernmentfacilitiestoimproveenergyefficiency.

Reducesenergyconsumption

2012SB1096mandates20%savingsinstatefacilitiesby2020.TheprogramisadministeredthroughtheOfficeofStateFinanceandSecretaryofEnergy.61Okla.St.§213mandatesthatnewconstructionorsubstantialrenovationprojectsinstatebuildingsover10,000sq.ft.mustmeetahigh-performancebuildingstandard.ShortertermmeasurescouldbecoordinatedthroughOMESandGovernor(ExecutiveOrderinanemergencysituation).

1

2

3

4

Electric Demand

Encourageordirectregulatedutilityproviderstoincreaseand/orprovideadditionalprogramstotheircustomerswhichfocusonenergyefficiency

Reducesenergyconsumption

OCCcanencourageadditionalprogrammingatanytime.Directingadditionalprogrammingwouldbeaccomplishedthroughaformalrulemakingprocessorlegislation.

1

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Electric Demand

Utilizebuy-backratesthatpaycustomerstosellexcessself-generatedelectricitybacktothegridforutilitycredit

Reducestheneedforutilitygeneration

Thecurrentstatenetmeteringpolicyalreadyencouragescustomerself-generationbuttherearecostbarrierstocustomerssellingbacktothegrid.

1

Electric

NaturalGas

Propane

Demand

Encouragetheuseofalternativefuels,suchasnaturalgas,propane,dieselorwoodasthefuelsourceforhomeheating.

Providesalternativeheatingsourcesineventofelectricaloutages

Utilities,theDept.ofHealth,FireMarshall,andpublicfiguresshouldutilizePSAsandallmediaoutletstocommunicatetherisksandbenefitsofsafelyusingalternativefuelsforhomeheating.

2

3

4

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PetroleumEmergencyResponseMenuTypeof

Emergency

SupplyorDemandSideManagement

Measure WhatitDoesRecommended

Steps

RecommendedforShortageLevel

Petroleum Supply

StateofOklahomaassumescontroloffuelprioritization

63O.S.2011,Section683.9(1),givestheGovernorauthoritytoassumeregulatorycontroloveressentialresources,todeterminepriorityofsuchresourcesandallocatesuchresources.Otherthanthestatute,therearenopre-selectedlists.Theguidingprincipleistogivetheflexibilityneededtomeetthedemandsofthesituation.

TheGovernor’sOfficewouldcoordinatewiththeCorporationCommissionandOEMtodeterminetheappropriateprioritization.

3

4

Petroleum Supply

TemporarilyliftFederalMotorCarrierSafetyRegulations(FMCSR)restrictionsforovertheroadtransporttrucks.

Temporarilyremovesdriverhourrestrictionsandvariousotherregulationstoallowforextendeddeliveryhoursbytransitcompaniesofpetroleumproducts,suchasLPG,gasoline,ordiesel.

AGovernor’sDeclarationofEmergencyautomaticallyliftsFMCSR.60SeeAppendixF.Coordinatewithsurroundingstatestoensuresmoothinterstatetravelofequipmentorfuel.61

3

4

60ANASEOtemplateformodelExecutiveOrderlanguagecanbefoundathttps://www.naseo.org/Data/Sites/1/fmcsa-regulations-relief-guidance-11-03-2014.pdf.61Note:Trucksizeandweightreliefisastate-by-statematter,wheretheFederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA)istheleadFederalagency.

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Petroleum Supply

Topofffuelstoragetanksinanticipationofaneventthatwillimpactgasolinetransportation

Privatepetroleumretailersmaychoosetodothisvoluntarilytoensureavailablesupplyifashortageisimminent.Thisiscurrentlyacommonpracticeforpetroleumretailers.

Retailerswillmonitorpotentialshortagesandactaccordingly.

1

2

3

4

Petroleum

PropaneSupply

Encourageorrequirelongerrefillcycles,orwaitinguntiltankiscompletelydepletedbeforethetankcouldberefilled.

Cautionisneeded,asdistributorsmayhavedifficultyefficientlyschedulingrouteswithlesspredictableschedules,aswellasensuringthatthisoptionisnotutilizedintimesofextremecold.

WorkinconjunctionwiththeGovernor’sOffice.OCCPSTDivisionwouldencourageordirectpetroleumdeliveryschedulestobemodifiedonthebasisoffuelneedLPGboardwouldhavetobeconsultedregardingpropane.

4

Petroleum Supply

RequestwaiversfromtheU.S.EPAfortheimportofgasolinethatdoesnotmeetlocalairqualityrequirements

Requestshouldbesubstantiatedwithfuelsupply/consumptiondataforbothimpactedandalternativefuels,andincludeinformationonspecificeffortstoseekalternativesourcesofcompliantfuels.

Waiverrequestsaremadeby,oronbehalfof,aState’sGovernor’sofficeafterconsultationwiththeEPA.NormallytheEPA’spointofcontactistheStateAirDivisionDirector’sOffice(DEQ).SeeAppendixF.

4

Page|133

Petroleum Supply

RequestwaiversfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencytoallowforhighsulfurdieselproductstobeusedforhighwayconsumption

Almostalldieselfuelavailabletodayisultra-lowsulfurdiesel,whichhassignificantairqualitybenefitsoverhighsulfurdiesel.But,vehiclesorequipmentwithnewemissioncontroltechnology(2007andlater)canfailifrunonhighsulfurdiesel.

DEQwouldmaketherequesttotheU.S.EPA.Refinerieswouldhavetochangetheirprocessrequirementsforsulfurcontentsincealmostalldieseltodayisultra-lowsulfurdiesel.SeeAppendixFfordetailedimplementationinstructions.

4

Petroleum Supply

PetitiontheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencytoallowrefineriestosellgasolineoutofseasonortosuspendtheReidVaporPressureStandard(RVP)standardforgasolineallowingformoregasolinetobeproducedfromabarrelofoil.

Seasonalblendrequirementsforgasolineforcerefineriestostockpilegasolineandnotbeallowedtosellituntilaparticulardate.TheRVPmeasuresgasolinevolatility.SuspendingtheRVPallowsformoregasolinetobeproducedfromabarrelofoil.

DEQwouldmaketherequesttotheEPAafterconsultationwiththeGovernor’sOffice.SeeAppendixFfordetailedimplementationinstructions.

4

Page|134

Petroleum Supply

PetitiontheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyorPresidentforanexchangeorreleaseofcrudeoilfromtheU.S.StrategicPetroleumReserve.

TheStrategicPetroleumReserveisanemergencyresponsetoolthePresidentcanuseshouldtheUnitedStatesorindividualstatesorregionsbeconfrontedwithaneconomically-threateningdisruptioninoilsupplies.

TheGovernorwouldmakethepetitiontotheU.S.DOEorPresident.

4

Petroleum Demand

Conductapublicinformationcampaigntoencourageridesharing

Hasthepotentialtoreducevehiclefuelneeds.

Governor’sOffice,OCC,DEQandODOTcancoordinatewithtradeandmunicipalassociationsregardingfuelconservation.

2

3

4

Petroleum Demand

Conductapublicinformationcampaigntoencourageefficientdrivingpractices

Consumerscanbeencouragedtousethecorrectairpressureintires,utilizingdrivingpracticeswhicharetargetedatimprovingfuelefficiency,removingwindresistantequipmentsuchasluggageracks,anddiscouragingdiscretionarydriving.

CoordinatewithODOT;coordinatewithautomanufacturers.

1

2

3

4

Petroleum Demand

TriggertheOklahomaEmergencyPriceStabilizationAct.

Thismaybeenactedwiththedeclarationofanemergency,andtheActforbidspriceincreasesinexcessof10%.

ThetriggeristheGovernor’sdeclarationofemergencythroughExecutiveOrder.EnforcementbytheAttorneyGeneral.

2

3

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Petroleum Demand

Offerdiscountedratesorincentivesforutilizinganypublictransitoptions.

Reducingthecostofpublictransitencouragescitizenstoutilizethisoptionratherthandrivingprivatevehicles.

TheDEQmodelforozonealertdayscouldbeutilized.

3

4

Petroleum DemandIncreasethenumberorfrequencyofbusroutes

Seeabove. Seeabove.

3

4

Petroleum Demand

Reducespeedlimitsonroadways,and/orincreasetheenforcementofeitherloweredorexistingspeedlimits.

Fuelefficiencyusuallydecreasesatspeedsabove50mph62.

TheOklahomaDepartmentofTransportationregulatesspeedlimitsandtheirenforcementthroughtheStatePatrol.CoordinatewithGovernor’sOffice.

3

4

Petroleum Demand

Createapublicinformationcampaignencouragingemployerstooffertelecommuteorteleworkoptions.

Foreachdayemployeesdonotcommutetotheoffice,upto20%offuelcanbeconserved.

IssuePSAsfromstateleaders,authorizedbytheGovernor.

3

4

Petroleum Demand

Enact/supportateleworkortelecommutepolicyforpublicemployees

Reducesfuelconsumptionbyroughly20%weeklyforeachdayemployeesdonotcommutetotheoffice.

TheGovernorcoulddeclarethispolicy.

3

4

62U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy,DrivingMoreEfficiently,http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/drivehabits.shtml(June1,2016).

Page|136

Petroleum Demand

Encouragestaggeredcommutetimes(commutingoff-peakhoursordays)forpublicand/orprivateemployersand/orschoolstarttimes.

Reducestheamountoftransittimeincongestedareas,andtherebyreducestheamountoffuelconsumed.

Governorcouldallowforpublicemployeestoutilizeflextime.PublicofficialscouldencouragetheprivatesectorviaPSA’s.

3

4

Petroleum Demand

Curtailrecreationalmarineoroff-roadvehicleuse.

Reducesdiscretionaryuseofvehiclefuel.

ThepublicsafetydepartmentorGRDAwouldenforcecurtailmentsofrecreationaluse.

4

Petroleum Demand

EncouragetheuseofalternativefuelssuchasCNG,biofuels,ordieselnaturalgas,especiallyinpublicandschoolfleets.

Convertingaportionoffleetstoasecondaryfuelsourcecreatesahedgeagainstfuelshortageoremergency.

DepartmentofCommerceSEO,OCC,privateutilities,SecretaryofEnergy,andGovernorcouldallbeinvolvedinpromotingthisinitiative.

1

2

3

4

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NaturalGasEmergencyResponseMenuTypeof

Emergency

SupplyorDemandSideManagement

Measure WhatitDoesRecommended

Steps

RecommendedforShortageLevel

NaturalGas

Supply

Temporarilyliftwellheadrestrictionsontheproductionofnaturalgas.

Allowscompaniestopumpasmuchgasaspossible.

OCCregulatesthisthroughrulemaking,every6monthsholdingamarketdemandhearingwhichsetsmaximumflowforwells.Thishearingcanoccuronanacceleratedscheduleifnecessary(emergencyrulemaking).

4

NaturalGas

SupplyAllowpipelinepacktoincreasereservesuppliesavailable.

Allowspipelinecompaniestostoreadditionalnaturalgasinthepipelines.Thisisgenerallydoneinanticipationofelevateddemand.

Theallowablepipelinepressureincreasesareregulatedbyfederallaw.

1

2

3

4

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NaturalGas

Supply

Localgasdistributioncompanies(LDC)canpurchaseadditionalgasinordertomeetdemand.

Mainlyapreventativemeasuretobeusedwhenshortagescanbeanticipated—theremustbeanadequategassupplyavailabletopurchaseadditionalgas.Thepriceofthispurchasedgas,contractdetails,theavailabilityofgastransmissioncapacity,andtheabilityofthecompany’ssystemtoacceptadditionalsupplymayimpacttheamountthatcanbepurchased.

Thisactivitywillbeconductedbyprivategascompanies;OCCshouldremainactivelyinvolvedinunderstandinganticipatedsupplyshortages.

1

2

3

NaturalGas

Supply

Gascompaniesthataredrawinggasfromstoragefacilitiescanincreasetherateofwithdrawal.

Helpsmeetincreasedshort-termdemand.

Nospecialpermissionsneeded.Companiesmakethesedecisionsindependently--contractuallytheymaygouptotheirmaximumwithdrawalratewithoutnotifyingstateofficials.

2

NaturalGas

Supply

Encourage/requiregascompanieswhentechnicallyfeasibletoaccessandutilizeothersourcesofgas,(LNG,propaneairstations,syntheticnaturalgasplants).

Diversifiesfuelsources,decreasingrelianceonnaturalgas.

Wouldrequirethatconversionequipmentexistsandthecompanieswouldbebuyinggas“offsystem.”

4

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NaturalGas

Demand

Encourage/requireashort-termreductioninnaturalgasusageinstatefacilitiesorbyindustrialusers.

Temporarilyrelievesdemandonthenaturalgassystem.

Governorhasauthorityoverstatefacilities.OEMwouldcoordinatecommunicationrequirementsorencouragementforindustrialusers.OCCbecomesinvolvedifcurtailmentissuesarise.

3

4

NaturalGas

Demand

Requestthatlargecommercialandindustrialcustomersreducegasusebydecreasingtheirthermostatsettingsorreducinggas-consumingindustrialprocesses.

Seeabove.

OCCisinvolvedthroughinterruptiblegasrates.Oncesigneduptheutilityhasthediscretionhowtoexecutethecurtailment.

1

2

3

4

NaturalGas

Demand

Encourageresidentialcustomerstolowerthermostatsandwaterheatingsettingsanddeferusinggasappliances

Seeabove.

AutilityorthestatecouldissuePSA’stoconsumerstoencouragetheirparticipation.

2

3

4

NaturalGas

Demand

Curtailorshutoffgassupplytocustomers,regardlessofinterruptibleagreementsinplace.

Assuresreductioninnaturalgasuseforseriousshortagesituations.

Utilitiesshouldusethisapproachwithcaution,ascustomerpilotlightsmustberelitfollowingacutoff,orserioushazardssuchasgasaccumulationwithinresidencesandbusiness,couldresult.

4+

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NaturalGas

Demand Increaseretailratestoconsumers.

Highercostoftenreducesconsumption.

Requiresastatutorychangeandemergencyrulemaking.

4+

NaturalGas

Demand

Conductapublicinformationcampaignand/orofferincentivesthatprovideinformation,energyestimates,ordiscountsforthepurchaseandinstallationofhighlyefficientnaturalgasappliances.

FinancialincentiveprogramsareadministeredattheutilitylevelbutareauthorizedatOCC.

1

2

3

4

NaturalGas

Demand

Encouragelargeindustrialnaturalgascustomerstoparticipateinagasbuy-backprogram.

Somelargerindustrialcustomerspurchasegasfrom3rdpartysuppliersandpayonlyatransportationfeetotheutility.Inashortagesituation,certainlargecustomersmaybewillingtointerruptoperationsifthebuy-backpremiumishighenough.

Thiswouldbeatransactionintheprivatesector.

4

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AppendixE:Sperry-PiltzIceAccumulationIndexMorecompleteinformation,forecastingtoolsandweatheranalysiscanbefoundattheSPIAwebsite,www.spia-index.com.

ICEDAMAGE

INDEX

* AVERAGE NWSICE AMOUNT

(in inches)*Revised-October, 2011

WIND(mph)

DAMAGE AND IMPACTDESCRIPTIONS

12

3

4

5

0.10 – 0.25

0.10 – 0.25

0.50 – 0.750.10 – 0.25

0.50 – 0.750.75 – 1.00

0.50 – 0.750.75 – 1.001.00 – 1.50

0.75 – 1.00

1.00 – 1.50

> 1.50

15 - 25

25 - 3515 - 25

< 15> = 35

15 - 25< 15

25 - 3515 - 25

< 15

> = 25

> = 15

Any

Some isolated or localized utility interruptions are possible, typically lasting only a few hours. Roads and bridges may become slick and hazardous.

Scattered utility interruptions expected, typically lasting 12 to 24 hours. Roads and travel conditions may be extremely hazardous due to ice accumulation.

Numerous utility interruptions with some damage to main feeder lines and equipment expected. Tree limb damage is excessive. Outages lasting 1 – 5 days.

Prolonged & widespread utility interruptions with extensive damage to main distribution feeder lines & some high voltage transmission lines/structures. Outages lasting 5 – 10 days.

Catastrophic damage to entire exposed utility systems, including both distribution and transmission networks. Outages could last several weeks in some areas. Shelters needed.

The Sperry-Piltz Ice Accumulation Index, or “SPIA Index” – Copyright, February, 2009

(Categories of damage are based upon combinations of precipitation totals, temperatures and wind speeds/directions.)

0.25 – 0.50 > 15

0.25 – 0.50

0.25 – 0.50 25 - 35

0.25 – 0.50 > = 35

0.50 – 0.75 > = 35

0 < 0.25 < 15 Minimal risk of damage to exposed utility systems; no alerts or advisories needed for crews, few outages.

Weather Conditions and SPIA Index Levels at a Glance:

Ice and Wind: < 15 15-25 25-35 > = 35

0.10 – 0.25

0.25 – 0.50

0.50 – 0.75

0.75 – 1.00

1.00 – 1.50

> 1.50

*Average NWS Ice in Inches; Wind in MPH.

0

1

1 2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5 5

5 5 5

5 5 5 5

mph mph mph mph

inches

inches

inches

inches

inches

inches

SPIA Index © 2009, Sidney K. Sperry. Registration Number TX 7-027-591. *Graphics revised – October, 2011.

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AppendixF:ImplementationActions

IssuingWaiversfromFederalMotorCarrierSafetyRegulationsinanEnergyEmergencyThefollowingareexecutiveordersissuedbytheGovernorinpreviousemergencysituationswhichliftedFederalMotor Carrier Safety Regulations during an energy emergency. These orders can be used asmodels for the futureandalteredto fit theprecisecircumstancesbeingaddressed. It is important tonotethatwithoutaformaldeclarationofemergency,theGovernorcouldstillissueanExecutiveOrderthatgrantsawaiver fromFMCSR foraparticular sector, suchaspropane. It isalso important tonotethat the waiver applies to any carrier providing direct relief or support to recovery efforts for theemergencysituationandisnotindustry-specific.

After issuing the ExecutiveOrder, theNational Association of State EnergyOfficials recommends thefollowingstepstoensurethataffectedgroupsareawareofthewaiverbeingineffect:

1.PostacopyoftheGovernor’semergencydeclarationonapubliclyavailablewebsiteandprovide a link to theemergencydeclaration as part of notificationsmade to state, local,andfederalagenciesandthemotorcarrierindustry.2. Notify the motor carrier safety enforcement agency of state government that anemergency has been declared, inwhat part of the state it been declared, and that as aresultofthisdeclarationthesafetyregulationsaretemporarilywaived.3. Provide notification of emergency declaration to the FMCSA state office and regionaladministrator.4.Notifymotor carrier industryassociationsormotor carriers servicing the statedirectlythrough any automated system to quickly communicate with the industry. Thiscommunicationshouldencourage,butnotrequire,driverstransportingfuelstotheareasin which an emergency has been declared to have with them a copy of the emergencydeclarationandacopyofthewebsitelinkfromthedeclarationcanbeprinted.5.ProvidenotificationtoStateEnergyEmergencyAssuranceCoordinators(seepage85ofthisPlan) in thosestateswithin theregionthatmayhavemotorcarrierspassingthroughthem to provide relief in the affected state. It is also advisable to coordinate withneighboringstatesinadvanceofthisdeclaration,ifpossible.

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RequestingaFuelsWaiverIn the event of a fuel supply emergency, the U.S. EPA, with the concurrence of the Department ofEnergy, may temporarily waive a fuel or fuel additive requirement if doing so will alleviate the fuelsupplyemergency.TheCleanAirActSection211(c)(4)(C),whichauthorizesfuelswaivers,specifiesthecriteriaforgrantingafuelswaiver,andtheconditionsthatmustbeincludedinafuelswaiver.

AccordingtotheU.S.EPA,63aformalwrittenrequestforafuelswaivershouldbemadebyoronbehalfof theGovernor of an affected state or territory, andbedirected to theU.S. EPAAdministrator. Therequest should describe how the fuels waiver criteria specified in Clean Air Act have been met. Inparticular,thewaiverrequestshouldaddressthefollowing:

• ThenatureoftheActofGodorothereventthatcausedtheshortage• Anexplanationofwhytheshortagewasnotforeseeableandcouldnothavebeen

preventedbyprudentplanningonthepartofthesuppliersofthefuel• Thetypeoffuelforwhichashortageexists• Thegeographicareathatisaffected• Theeffectoftheshortageonfuelsupplies,suchasthenumberofgasolinestationsthat

are,orareexpectedtobe,outoffuel• Theexpecteddurationoftheshortage• Thespecificnatureofthewaiverbeingrequested,includingtheduration,thegeographic

area,andthealternativefuelthatwouldbeallowed

During normal business hours (Monday through Friday, 8 am to 5 pm) the first point of contact forobtaininginformationaboutafuelswaiverrequestistheU.S.EPAAirEnforcementDivision,at202-564-2260,ortheTransportationandRegionalProgramsDivision,at734-214-4956.

Outsideofnormalbusinesshours,thepointofcontactistheU.S.EPAEmergencyOperationsCenter,at202-564-3850, which is able to communicate with the U.S. EPA officials who provide assistanceregardingfuelswaiverrequests.

Writtenfuelswaiverrequestsshouldbeaddressedto:AdministratorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency1200PennsylvaniaAvenue,N.W.Washington,DC20460

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Therequestshouldbesentto:AssistantAdministratorforEnforcementandComplianceAssuranceMailCode2201A,RoomAR3204U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency1200PennsylvaniaAvenue,N.W.Washington,DC20460Acopyofthewaiverrequestalsoshouldbesentbyfaxtothefollowingtelephonenumbers:(202)501-3842,(202)564-0069,and(303)312-6003.