2016 january 14 introduction to its version final handout

ITS Joint Course L. Rilett - January 2016

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Introduction to Intelligent Transportation Systems

L. Rilett, Ph.D., P.E.

January 14, 2016

Overview Part 1: Nebraska Transportation Center

Part 2: Intelligent Transportation Systems Overview


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NEBRASKA

Crossroads of the U.S.

NEBRASKA


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Headquarters of Union Pacific (Omaha)* Largest Railroad in US* 50,000 km track, 2000 trains a day

Burlington Northern Santa Fe

NEBRASKA

NEBRASKA

Busiest Rail Corridor in the US Triple to Quadruple Track

150 trains per day (110 cars each)


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Interstate 80 Busiest EW Highway in US I-29; I-35 (NS movement of goods)Home to 2 Top Ten Trucking Firms

5,000 tractors, 15,000 trailers

NEBRASKA

Transportation Challenges


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What is a transportation problem? Increased freight

Truck, Railway, Waterway


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What is a transportation problem? Increased freight

Truck, Railway, Waterway Type of freight

Crude by rail, Hazardous goods


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Lac-Mgantic rail disaster

Lac-Mgantic rail disaster


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What is a transportation problem? Security Concerns

Aging population

What is a transportation problem?


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What is a transportation problem? Aging infrastructure

50 years +


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Incidents / Crashes


37,000 deaths/year (US 2008 data)1 5,800,000 crashes/year (US 2008 data)1 Direct economic cost of $230.6 Billion (US 2000

data)1 Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34 (US

2006 data)1

Safety Issues

1 National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA)


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What is a transportation problem? Congestion


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More Time Spent Planning Around Traffic

Uncongested 73%

Moderate 9%

Heavy 7%Severe 6%

Extreme 5%

1982 Total Delay = 1.1 Billion Hours

Uncongested 21%

Moderate 18%

Heavy 9%

Severe 8%

Extreme 13%1982

1982: Total Delay = 1.1 Billion Hours2011: Total Delay = 5.5 Billion Hours

2011

Light 31%

2.8 billion gallons of wasted fuel(three weeks worth of gas for every traveler)


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Pollution

Los Angeles, 1956

Los Angeles, Today


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PROBLEM 2,800,000 gallons of

fuel wasted each year

22% CO2 emissions from vehicles

Environmental Benefits

Highways, Energy and the Environment In US, highways are responsible for 60% of

petroleum consumption (12 million barrels of oil/day) Highways responsible for 25% of US greenhouse

emissions 35% of all nitrous oxide emissions (NOx) 25% of volatile organic compound emissions

(VOC) More than 50% of all carbon monoxide (CO)

emissions Major source of fine particulate matter (2.5 microns

or smaller, PM2.5), which is a known carcinogen


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Potential Solution

Build more capacity ?

Potential Solution Fixing Americas Surface Transportation Act

(FAST Act) 2015 5 year, $305 billion

Issues politics limited resources ($, land,...)

New techniques more intelligent use of available resources Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)


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Dilemma zone Length of roadway in advance of the intersection wherein drivers may be indecisive or respond differently to the onset of the yellow indication. Also known as option zone or zone of indecision

Source: McCoy and Pesti, 2002


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NDORs Actuated Advance Warning (AAW) System


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Fixing Americas Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act)

Fixing Americas Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) December 2015 5 year, $305 billion

$100 million per year for ITS research $60 million per year Advanced Transportation and

Congestion Management Technologies Deployment Program

$67.5 million per year for a Technology and Innovation Deployment Program

Smart Cities Transportation Planning Study An Innovative Technology Deployment discretionary grant

program to promote the deployment of ITS in commercial vehicle operations

What are ITS? Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involve the

collection and processing of data: to provide information; to advise or control the actions of:

travelers drivers fleet operators and network managers

using computers with multi-media communications and other technology

Right information, at right time, at right place and at right price


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Benefits? Allows improved use of existing infrastructure by:

Providing a better understanding of the transport network

Live traffic and travel information quick response

Providing new methods to manage the network Improved traffic signals and vehicle priority Improved intra/inter organisational

communication Providing new services to the public

Travel Information to make journeys easier and more pleasant

Historically Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS

Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS)

Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)

Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Advanced Public Transportation Systems

(APTS) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)


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Advanced Traffic Management Systems

Houston TRANSTAR

http://wwwdev.houstontranstar.org/


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Union Pacific Railroad

Snoqualmie Pass, Washington State


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ATIS - Nebraska

ATIS - Nebraska

http://www.511.nebraska.gov/


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NTC Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Laboratory (~225 m2 )

3 test beds: railway, arterial, and highway; Fiber Optic Feed City of Lincoln Network

Data Collection: Video

A 2Upstream Location on Salt Creek Roadway HRGC on 35th St


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Data Collection: Radar

Advanced Traveler Information Systems,Seattle, Washington


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ATIS: trafficgauge

INRIX Traffic Waze Real Time Traffic & Speed

Cams Google Maps Navigation


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Commercial Vehicle Operations

Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically

Share of common trucking data across agencies Exchange information electronically with roadside

enforcement personnel Electronic screening of trucks for safety or other

regulatory violations Share information across state lines and with Federal

information systems

CVO: Weigh-In-Motion System


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ITS Joint Program

Office

Department-wide authority for coordinating ITS Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) Federal Motor Carrier Safety

Administration (FMCSA) Federal Transit Administration

(FTA) Federal Railroad

Administration (FRA) National Highway Traffic

Safety Administration (NHTSA)

Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Connected Automation


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Windshield WiperSetting

Head Lights Status

Sun/Rain Sensor

Antilock Braking System (ABS)Traction Control

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

Ambient AirTemperature

BarometricPressure

Brake StatusStability Control

Speed and Heading

Location and Elevation

Hours of Operation

Connected Automation


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Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Forward Collision Warning Blind spot Detection Lane Change Warning Do Not Pass Warning

Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Intersection Safety

Signal timing Run-off Road Prevention Smart Roadside USDOT Truck Parking Programs SmartPark Automated Enforcement Wireless Roadside Inspections


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SafetyYour vehicle can see vehicles you cant seeYour vehicle knows roadway conditions that you cant seeYour vehicle knows the speed and location of approaching vehicles

DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) two-way short- to- medium-range wireless

communications capability permits very high data transmission critical in

communications-based active safety applications vehicle-to vehicle (V2V) vehicle-to infrastructure (V2I)


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Communication: Dedicated SpectrumUS Federal Communication Commission allocated 5.9GHz for safety applications

Other applications can be accommodated Europe: 5.9GHzJapan: 5.8GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) at 5.9GHz required for critical safety applications

Other wireless technologies are options for other applicationsStrong industry support for DSRC at 5.9GHz

Active Safety Latency Requirements (secs)

Traffic Signal Violation warning 0.1Curve Speed Warning 1Emergency Electronic Brake Lights 0.1Pre-Crash Sensing 0.02Cooperative Forward Collision Warning 0.1Left Turn Assistant 0.1Lane Change Warning 0.1Stop Sign Movement Assistance 0.1


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Note: Y-axis not to scale for illustration purposesData source: Vehicle Safety Communications Project Final Report

Laten

cy (in

secon

ds)

Most Stringent latency requirement for Active Safety

(.02 sec)

Least stringent latency requirement for Active

Safety( 1 sec)

Communications Technologies

.02

5.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

10204060

4.0

WiFi 802.11(3 5 secs)

Terrestrial Digital Radio &Satellite Digital Audio Radio

(10 20 secs)

WiMax(1.5 3.5 secs)

Bluetooth(3 4 secs)

Two-Way Satellite(60+ secs)

5.9 GHz DSRC (.0002 secs)

Cellular(1.5 3.5 secs)

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Latency vs. Communications Technologies

V2V Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POc

QUTlOvZs


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Connected Vehicle Pilot Program 2015-2020

US DOT Automation Program Enable safe, efficient, and equitable

integration of automation into the transportation system


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Research Program.

Self Driving Cars (Google) https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pl

ayer_detailpage&v=O_Caf7Gz4Es


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Technical and Policy Considerations

Complexity of testing, certifying and assuring the safety of the technology

Data privacy concerns implications for public agencies

Addressing role of road owners, operators and infrastructure providers to enable AVs

Impacts of AVs on infrastructure, planning and the overall transportation system

Challenges of varying state regulations and need for greater consistency

Human factors issues and driver transitions

Concluding Remarks Transportation problems

Will ITS solve them? Law of unintended consequences

My belief We will see more change in the

transportation system in the next 10 years then we have seen in the last 60 years


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Acknowledgements US DOT Joint Program Office

ANY QUESTIONS?

2016 january 14 introduction to its version final handout

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