20160505 smart cities final web version v1.1 ld.pptx

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart Cities Monday 9 May 5 - 6.30 pm Level 5 Theatrette, 121 Exhibition Street Melbourne

Privacy and Data Protection Week 9-13 May 2016

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Commissioner forPrivacy and Data Protection



ORANGE – PMS 1655UPBLUE – PMS 2756UPMUSEO SLAB – 100/700

Commissionerfor Privacy and Data Protection




2UNCLASSIFIED

PresentersAgency Name Role

BudKapoor Asia-PacificJapanSalesManagerforSmart+ConnectedCommuniCes

ProfessorThasANirmalathas

DirectorofMelbourneNetworkedSocietyInsCtute

MeganRichardson

ProfessorofLawattheMelbourneLawSchool

Mar<nHarris SpecialistDataProtecConAdvisor,CommissionerforPrivacyandDataProtecConandformerAssistantDirectorProtecCveSecurityPolicyOutreach,ALorneyGeneralsDepartment

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Bud Kapoor

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 4

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart+ConnectedCommuni<es

BudKapoorSalesManager,Smart+ConnectedCommuni<esAsia-PacificJapan


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

NewRevenueStreams

EfficienciesCommunityNetwork

Citizen Engagement

2 1 3

Economic Growth Through Innovation

4

Smart+ConnectedCommuniCes–enablingbusinessoutcomes

Connected Transportation

Rail, Bus, Roadways

VehicleAreaNetwork(VAN)

Connected Vehicle

Safety & Security Parking

Cloud

Wi-Fi Mesh

Power

Lighting

FOG Analytics

Citizen Experience Analytical Insights

Cisco CMX/eMSP


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart Lighting


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart Parking


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Traffic Analysis


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart+ConnectedCommuni<es-OpenPlaForm

CityDigitalPlaTorm

CityWi-FiNetwork

Wireless WAN (2G/3G/4G/

Wimax) DSRC/LMR

Internet Public/Private WAN

MOBILE APPS

PARTNER APPLICATIONS AND URBAN SERVICES

Monitoring/Command Control Centers

Lighting Manageme

nt

Safety and Security

Environment

Waste Managemen

t

P Parking

Management

Water Management

Transport Management

Traffic Management

PARTNER SENSORS

Street Lighting

Safety and

Security

Environment

Waste

PParkin

g Wate

r

Traffic

STREET

People

Street Furniture

BUILDINGS

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

VEHICLES

Vehicles


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED 10

Adelaide,SouthAustralia

Government&Council-

embarkingonajourneytowardsbecomingaSmartCity


UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

ImportanceofCollisionDensityinPublicandPrivateSectorEcosystem

AEG

Cordish

Group

[email protected]

Thank you

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Professor Thas A Nirmalathas

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Towards Smart Cities

Thas A Nirmalathas

@ Nirmalathas

[email protected]

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart Cities

•  A holistic approach to efficient management of city’s resources and its capacity to meet the needs of citizens

•  Seek to improve the quality of life of its citizens through more sustainable social, economic and urban development

•  Uses information and communication technologies to radically improve data flow and adopt data-driven approaches to management and service delivery

•  Could it be a response to the “urbanisation challenge”?

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Connectivity and Digitisation of Cities

Places

Things

People

InternetofEverything

AnalyCcs

Insights

ControlandManagement

Data

Manage

Knowledge

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Transport PublicSafety U<li<es Parking Public

Spaces

Ci<zenEngagem-

ent

Tourism Events Planning Administr-a<on

Environment

Businesse-s

SmartCity

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Is it Hype? •  There are many opportunities

in horizon. •  There are many real

applications already in demonstration.

•  It is often referred to as a “disruptive technology”.

•  Impact could be right across economic, environmental, cultural and social fabric of cities

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart City Demonstrators MobileID–Barcelona:EveryciCzencanregistertogenerateanIDbasedontheirmobilephoneandaccesscityservices

Telecare–Barcelona:freehealthcareoveraconnecteddeviceforthemostvulnerableinthesociety

SFPark–SanFrancisco:Real-Cmeparkingsensorsanddemandresponsivepricingtomakeparkingeasier,reducecongesCon…

StreetBump–Boston:CiCzensparCcipaCngtoimprovethelocalneighbourhood…

Open311–Chicago:Residentstomakeortrackrequests,…

Transport–Singapore:Intelligenttransportsystemtoimprovethetrafficandtransportsystem…

Nice–France:UrbanEnvironmentMonitoring(airandsoundpolluCon,waterandenergy,waste…)

DataStore-London:800plusdatabases…citymapper–real-Cmepublictransportinfo

FlexibleStreetlighCng–Amsterdam:Control,switchordimmingofstreetlights,…

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Smart City Demonstrators - Melbourne

EmergencyManagement

MCG,ArupEngineeringUsingvideocamerabased

crowdanalysis

People,counCng,movementanalyCcs,anomaliesincrowd

SpaCo-TemporalParCculateMaLer

Monitoring

EPA/Defence

MonitorandTrackairpolluConinkeylocaCons

wiCnVictoria

UrbanForrestMonitoring

CityofMelbourne

Microclimateanalysis,real-Cmemonitoringoftemperature,humidityacrossanumberof

parklands

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Reality Check - Challenges •  Data

•  Ownership, integration, complexity

•  Privacy vs transparency •  Information Security

•  Data integrity •  Communication challenges

•  Energy •  Bandwidth •  Latency

•  Risks – fault tolerance, ‘people’ factors

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

networkedsociety.unimelb.edu.au

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Emergency Management: MCG Crowd Monitoring •  CrowdMonitoringAnalyCcs

atMCG–  100,000people,7gates– ManualcounCng

•  VideoAnalyCcSoluCon:–  Counttrafficinreal-Cme– ModeltherelaConshipbetweenpeople,trafficandareaavailable

–  Predictunforeseenscenarios

–  DevelopevacuaConstrategies

–  Automatecrowdcontrolmechanisms

23

Crowd Analytics

CounCng Density Tracking Behaviour

Instances

Cameranetwork

350IPCameras

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Urban Forest Monitoring •  UrbanHeatIsland(UHI)effect

–  Highernighttemperaturesintheinnercity

•  Microclimateanalysis–  Currentdataisinsufficient–  Lackofreal-CmeinformaCon–  NoesCmateswheresensorsarenot

deployed

•  SoluCon–  IoT-basedreal-Cmemonitoring–  InteracCvevisualizaConwithesCmatesand

interpolaConsusingmachinelearningalgorithms

–  Highlightsanomalies–  Caninformpolicy

24

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Spatio-Temporal Particulate Matter (PM) Monitoring •  Air pollution

–  Over 4.6 million deaths globally –  Major cause of respiratory conditions - Asthma,

Bronchitis, COPD

•  PM are 2.5 to 10 µm in size. –  Particles can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs –  Particles can be absorbed into the bloodstream

•  In Australia –  10µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in 8% increase in

cardiovascular related hospital admissions in Adelaide –  10µg/m3 in PM10 resulted in 4% increase in respiratory

related emergency hospital admissions in Brisbane

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Telerehabilitation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

•  EsCmated65millionpaCentsworldwide–  ShortnessofbreathonexerCon

–  Disability

–  PotenCallyfrequenthospitalisaCons

•  TrialledaremoterespiratoryrehabilitaConsoluConforallowingpaCentstostayintheirownhomes.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

A Living Lab for Connected Cities

•  Creating research and innovation infrastructure to support research and innovation to meet the challenges facing connected cities

•  Unique Infrastructure –  Infrastructure for research,

technology validation and supporting local innovation

Federated OpenStack

OpenStack

Storage

Compute

OpenStack

Storage

Compute

Data aggregationAccess Control

Sampling / SketchingLoad Balancing


Sampling / Sketching

Load Balancing


Sampling / SketchingLoad Balancing

MN

SI A

PI

MN

SI A

PI

MN

SI A

PI

MN

SI A

PI

MN

SI A

PI

MNSI API

Connected Infrastructure

AARNETLiving Lab

Environments

Connected Aged Care

Connected Health Care

Connected Public Spaces

Connected Farm

Connected FoodNetwork

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Living Environments

Connected Transport Infrastructure Connected Public Spaces Connected Healthcare

Connected Aged Care Connected Fresh Food Chains Connected Farming

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Megan Richardson

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

SmartCiCes–PrivacyChallengesMeganRichardson

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

‘Privacy’

‘Some'meswewanttobeprivate;some'meswewanttoputourselvesondisplay.Ifyousitinabardressedup,youaretheretobeseen.Ifyouareindanger,youwantyourloca'ontobeknown.What’srequiredaresophis'catedsystemsthatareabletocontrolthelevelofpublicvisibilityyouhaveatanymoment.’WilliamMitchell,‘WhyBuckRogersWillBeInvisible’(interviewwithVictorChase)PicturesoftheFuture,Spring2004

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Privacyaslimitedvisibility

Privacyascontrol

DataprotecCon

Confiden-Cality

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Is law a sophisticated system?

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Asmartcityscenario

ACCTVcameraoperatedbyalocalcouncilinapublicstreetinEssex,UK,photographedamanwhohadaLemptedsuicidebyslashinghiswristswithakitchenknife.Asaresulthislifewassaved.TheCouncilsubsequentlyallowedphotographstakenfromtheCCTVfootagetobepublishedinpressfeaturesaboutthepreventaCvebenefitsofCCTV.Theman’sfacewasnotspecificallymasked.ExtractsfromtheCCTVfootagewerealsoshownonregionaltelevisioninwhichtheman’sfacehadbeenmaskedattheCouncil’srequestbuthesCllcouldberecognised.PeckvUnitedKingdom,ECHR,judgment28January2003

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

PertheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights:‘Thepresentapplicantwasinapublicstreet…Itwaslateatnight,hewasdeeplyperturbedandinastateofsomedistress.Whilehewaswalkinginpublicwieldingaknife,hewasnotlaterchargedwithanyoffence.TheactualsuicideaIemptwasneitherrecordednorthereforedisclosed.However,footageoftheimmediateaKermathwasrecordedanddisclosed…Theapplicant'siden'tywasnotadequately,orinsomecasesnotatall,maskedinthephotographsandfootagesopublishedandbroadcast.Hewasrecognisedbycertainmembersofhisfamilyandbyhisfriends,neighboursandcolleagues.Asaresult,therelevantmomentwasviewedtoanextentwhichfarexceededanyexposuretoapasser-byortosecurityobserva'on…andtoadegreesurpassingthatwhichtheapplicantcouldpossiblyhaveforeseenwhenhewalkedinBrentwoodon20August1995.Accordingly,theCourtconsidersthatthedisclosurebytheCounciloftherelevantfootagecons'tutedaseriousinterferencewiththeapplicant'srighttorespectforhisprivatelife.’

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

TheposiConinAustralia?

‘…equitymayimposeobliga'onsofconfiden'alityeventhoughthereisnoimpar'ngofinforma'onincircumstancesoftrustandconfidence.Andtheprincipleofgoodfaithuponwhichequityactstoprotectinforma'onimpartedinconfidencemayalsobeinvokedto“restrainthepublica'onofconfiden'alinforma'onimproperlyorsurrep''ouslyobtained”...Butitisthereferenceto"someprivateact"thatiscentraltothepresentproblem…Certainkindsofinforma'onaboutaperson,suchasinforma'onrela'ngtohealth,personalrela'onships,orfinances,maybeeasytoiden'fyasprivate;asmaycertainkindsofac'vity,whichareasonableperson,applyingcontemporarystandardsofmoralsandbehaviour,wouldunderstandtobemeanttobeunobserved.’ABCvLenahGameMeatsPtyLtd[2001]HCA63,GleesonCJ

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Criminal

laws/penalties

Privacy torts & confidentiality

laws, etc Data protection &

consumer protection standards

TheidealposiCon?

Seriousness

Cf Ayres and Braithwaite, Responsive Regulation, Oxford University Press, 1992

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Martin Harris

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

CybersecurityforSmartCi'es-AnarchitecturemodelforpublictransportEuropeanUnionAgencyForNetworkAndInforma'onSecurity

39

Cyber security for Smart Cities December 2015

28

Figure 11 Threat landscape

4.2.1 Threats from intentional attacks Incidents resulting from threats in this group are caused intentionally. The key threats from intentional attacks are eavesdropping/wiretapping, theft, tampering/alteration and unauthorized use/access.

Eavesdropping/wiretapping is a deliberate act of capturing network traffic and listening to communications between two or more parties without authorisation or consent. Eavesdropping/wiretapping may affect availability, integrity and confidentiality of data and information systems, respectively. Recent experience has shown that wireless and cellular networks are vulnerable to eavesdropping equipment based on standard components. They are the most obvious threats in the context of data exchange and may lead to follow-up attacks since they allow, for instance, tapping credentials or understanding details regarding the configuration of the network including how devices are connected. A network map is a critical piece of information to any attacker who is planning a thoughtful and deliberate attack on systems such as ITSs.19 The better connected systems are, the more severe follow-up attacks may be. The degree of vulnerability to eavesdropping differs from one type of connection to another. Eavesdropping/wiretapping may lead to the intentional disclosure of proprietary, financial, personal or otherwise sensitive information.

19 Edward Fox, “An Introduction to Cyber security Issues”.

Eavesdropping/wiretapping

Unauthorizeduse/access

Tampering/alteration Theft Distributed Denial

of Service xDDoS)

Loss ofreputation

CitizensLogistics/

freightSmart carsMetro

BusLight rail

THREATS FROM INTENTIONAL ATTACKS

THREATS FROM ACCIDENTS

Hardware failure/mulfunctioning Software

error Operator /usererror Electrical and

frequencydisturbance/interference

End ofsupport

obsolescence

Acts ofnature

Environmentalincidents

LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORSxexamples) OTHER

STAKEHOLDERS

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

SmartCi<es'4BiggestSecurityChallenges

Themessinessofpoli<csandthevulnerabilityoftheInternetofThingsinonebig,unwieldypackage

Insecureproducts&insufficienttes<ng

Huge,complexaUacksurface

Lackofoversightandorganiza<on

SaraPeters,Darkreading.com

40









UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

FitBitChargeastonishedtestengineers:Anysmartphone

withBluetoothiswelcometothefitnesstracker.ItdoesnotpromptforaPINorotherauthen<ca<on–itsimplyconnectsandvoluntarilyhandsoverallitsdata.

Thedataisnotevenencryptedorprotectedinotherways.

AV-TEST

41









Securityofdatatransmission

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Manyci<eshaveoutdatedhardwareandso[warethat’sover10yearsold.Yettheydon’tswitchtonewsolu<ons

becausetheoldtechnologys<llworks.I’velostcountoftheamountof<mesI’veheardthewords,“Ifitworks,whydo

weneedtochange?”

It’sthatapproachtotechnologythatgivesaCISOulcers.Theimpactsofthiscollec<onofdisparate,outdatedlegacytechnologieswillonlyopendoorstonewthreatsaswe

witnesstheriseoftomorrow’ssmartci<es.

GaryHayslip,ChiefInforma'onSecurityOfficer,CityofSanDiego

42









Oldtechnology

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

CesarCerrudo,CTO,IOAc'veLabs

43









Qualityofdata

SmartCi<esbecomeDumbCi<eswhenthedatathatfeedsthemisblindlytrustedand

easilymanipulated.

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Securingsmartci'es.org

44









StandardsforSmartCitytechnology

CyberSecurityGuidelinesforSmartCityTechnology

Adop<on

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

It’snotallbadnews

NSWDataAnaly<csCentreiscurrentlylookingintohowdatacouldpickoutfalsealarmsfromrealfirestoreducetheNSWfireservices'whopping97percentfalsecalloutrate,andhowitcouldusepricingdatafromthestate’sservicesta<onstoguidedriversto

thecheapestfuelop<onontheirwayhome.

ITNews

45









UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Thank you

20160505 smart cities final web version v1.1 ld.pptx

Documents