2017/2018 viticulture spray guide - agric.wa.gov.au spray guide... · viticulture spray guide...

Viticulture spray guide

Department ofPrimary Industries andRegional Development

Bulletin 4888ISSN 1833–7236

Wine grapes and table grapes

2017/2018

Bulletin 4888

Lasted updated October 2017

ISSN No. 1833–7236

2017/18 Viticulture spray guide – wine grapes and table grapes

Acknowledgements

The information contained in this Bulletin is a collaborative effort from Department of Primary

Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) staff and others. The compilation and editing of this

Bulletin was undertaken by Richard Fennessy.

Authors

Chris Sharpe - Pesticide safety

Graeme Passmore (drumMUSTER) - drumMUSTER and ChemClear

Bill Trend - Safety for bees

Alastair James (CropLife Australia) - Resistance management

Alec McCarthy – Biosecurity planning

Richard Fennessy – Diseases

Diana Fisher - Diseases

Stewart Learmonth - Insects, mites and molluscs

Helen Collie - Insects, mites and molluscs

Alison Mathews - Insects, mites and molluscs

Colin Gordon - Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators

Winetitles, Dr Peter Dry, Dr Bryan Coombe are gratefully acknowledged for granting permission to use the ‘Modified E-L system for identifying major and intermediate grapevine growth stages from page 153 of Viticulture: Volume 1 – Resources – 2nd edition’, 2004, PR Dry and BG Coombe (eds).

This material may be reprinted provided that the article and the source and author(s) are acknowledged. Published by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983.

Disclaimer

The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it.

In relying on or using this document or any advice or information expressly or impliedly contained within it, you accept all risks and responsibility for loss, injury, damages, costs and other consequences of any kind whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly to you or any other person from your doing so. It is for you to obtain your own advice and conduct your own investigations and assessments of any proposals that you may be considering in light of your own circumstances.

This material has been written for Western Australian conditions. Its availability does not imply suitability to other areas, and any interpretation is the responsibility of the user.

The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the understanding that no preference between equivalent products is intended and that the inclusion of a product does not imply endorsement by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, over any other equivalent product from another manufacturer. Any omission of a trade name is unintentional.

Always read the label — Users of agricultural (or veterinary) chemical products must always read the label and any permit before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this publication.

Parts of the chemical use pattern quoted in this publication are approved under permit(s) issued by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and in force at the time the publication was prepared. Persons wishing to use a chemical in the manner approved under permit should obtain a copy of the relevant permit from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority and must read all the details, conditions and limitations relevant to that permit, and must comply with the details, conditions and limitations prior to use.

Information in this publication was current at the time of preparation.

© Western Australian Agriculture Authority 2017

Bulletin 4888

Last updated October 2017

ISSN No. 1833–7236

2017/18 Viticulture spray guide – wine grapes and table grapes

Contents

Pesticide safety 1

Regulations and acts relating to use of pesticides 1

Licencing and regulation 4

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® 4

Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs) 6

Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets 6

Safety for bees 8

Pesticide application 9

Phenoxy herbicides 9

Pesticide resistance 9

Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 14

Biosecurity planning 15

Pest and Disease Information Service 15

Spray options 16

Diseases 16

Insects, mites and molluscs 46

Herbicides 66

Plant growth regulators 76

Example of a spray diary 81

Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar 82

Diseases 82

Pests 83

Modified E-L system for grapevine growth stages 84

1

Pesticide safety

Pesticide misuse can be harmful to both human and environmental health and can also impact trading relations with international markets. Regulatory standards are necessary to ensure that pesticides are used appropriately within our communities.

Regulations and acts relating to use of pesticides

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development

Regulates some aspects of the use of pesticides and veterinary medicines in agriculture, including the management of residue affected land and produce.

Provides information on the control of pests and diseases in animals and plants.

Regulates the control of declared plants and animals in agricultural and pastoral lands.

Legislation:

Agriculture and Related Resources (Spraying Restrictions) Regulations1979

Aerial Spraying Control Act 1966 (and Regulations)

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Agriculture Standards) Regulations 2013

Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007

Department of Health

Regulates the safe use of pesticides through the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011, where it affects human health.

Regulates the supply and use of poisons through the Poisons Act 1964.

Licences pest management technicians and registered businesses.

Provides some training and guidelines for the pest management industry.

Provides information and advice on public health control programs.

Provides toxicological advice on the human health aspects of pesticides.

Legislation:

Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011

Health Act 1911

Poisons Regulations 1965

Poisons Act 1964

http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_12189_homepage.html


https://www.slp.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_13042_homepage.html





http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_728_homepage.html&ei=2L6IVdySOYac8QWA24PgAQ&usg=AFQjCNEFUnzQVFtFGTVNTPdRq426sWMEFg

2

Department of Health contacts:

Environmental Health

Tel: +61 (0)8 9388 4999

Email: [email protected]

Website: health.wa.gov.au

Department of Water and Environmental Regulation

Regulates waste management sites, contaminated sites, air and water quality, illegal discharge and pollution, under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.

Regulates pesticide manufacturing facilities.

Regulates the transport of liquid chemical wastes including pesticide wastes.

Investigates and may take enforcement action if there is evidence of an inappropriate pesticide application which has caused environmental harm or there has been a pesticide spill which has or may cause pollution or environmental harm.

Provides guidance on chemical storage and disposal.

Legislation:

Environmental Protection (Unauthorised Discharges) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004

Environmental Protection Act 1986

Environmental Protection Regulations 1987

Swan River Trust Act 1988

Department of Water and Environmental Regulation contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 6364 7000


Website: der.wa.gov.au

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.health.wa.gov.au/



http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_1387_homepage.html&ei=r8eIVZKMI4KA8QWntoLgAQ&usg=AFQjCNFFgeBRxD1x3V4unM7G7c8tz_v8Pw

https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_304_homepage.html&ei=zseIVaGYIoWW8QX80oGYAg&usg=AFQjCNH2A5cKAWRjxVdDAwPCVC_pnZwuoQ

https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_12779_homepage.html&ei=8MeIVd_iLofz8gWPjYKQDg&usg=AFQjCNFmpBAPOMEsOfp6xGypjZaf94H8FA

https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_949_homepage.html&ei=EciIVevZLIqV8QXO4YH4AQ&usg=AFQjCNH-K2b07_-h-5p7InW7jC6aa9PbQA


http://www.der.wa.gov.au/

3

Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (WorkSafe Division)

Regulates the workplace to ensure the safety and health of people at work.

Responds to requests to investigate possible breaches of the legislation.

Provides information to employers and employees on occupational safety matters.

Promotes awareness of occupational safety matters to the community.

Legislation:

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984

Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996

WorkSafe Division contacts:

Head Office

Tel: 1300 307 877


Website: commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe

Chemistry Centre Western Australia

Provides chemical analytical support to the government, industry, academia and the community.

Conducts research into chemical analytical methods.

Provides advice on the chemistry of pesticides and other chemicals, and how they behave in soil, water, air and other substrates.

Assists other government agencies with the management of chemical spillages, residues in foods and environmental contamination.

ChemCentre contacts:

Head Office

Tel: +61 (0)8 9422 9800

Fax: +61 (0)8 9422 9801


Website: chemcentre.wa.gov.au

http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fstatutes.nsf%2Fmain_mrtitle_650_homepage.html&ei=88iIVZ62KIvl8AXv36_oAw&usg=AFQjCNHMAZrSlhp-JHJtkQg8EdJog80K6Q

http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCsQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fagency.nsf%2Fdocep_main_mrtitle_1853_homepage.html&ei=DMmIVdrxKcvs8AWKmqvwAQ&usg=AFQjCNEmFKK7JlZWKguKSB8uUiBvw1KaGw


http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/worksafe


http://www.chemcentre.wa.gov.au/

4

Licencing and regulation

All persons who apply pesticides (this includes herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.) for remuneration are required under the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 2011 to hold a current licence with the Health Department.

The type of pest management that is to be carried out will have a bearing on the units of competencies a person must complete.

For more information concerning the necessary licencing and regulation applicable to the application of pesticides can be found on the Health Department’s Pest industry licensing and registration webpage.

drumMUSTER and ChemClear®

drumMUSTER and ChemClear® are important national industry stewardship programs run by Agsafe as part of the Industry Waste Reduction Scheme (IWRS).

Agsafe works with governments, farmer groups, communities, local government and regulatory authorities involved in the disposal of agvet chemicals and containers to further develop and expand the success of the two programs.

IWRS is a joint venture overseen by AgStewardship Australia on behalf of its members CropLife Australia, Animal Medicines Australia, the Veterinary Manufacturers and Distributors Association and the National Farmers’ Federation.

The programs are funded by an ACCC Authorised levy that is collected from end-users and paid by manufacturers to AgStewardship Australia and distributed to Agsafe to support collections and processing.

drumMUSTER looks after the collection and recycling of empty, clean, non-returnable metal and plastic farm chemical containers.

Chemical users throughout Australia are encouraged to deliver their drums to one of 810 drumMUSTER collection sites, some of which have designated collection days.

Trained inspectors receive and examine each drum onsite to ensure that every container delivered is free of chemical residue and therefore safe to transport and recycle. Metal drums should be punctured top and bottom and lids removed from all containers.

Each container delivered to drumMUSTER is shredded or granulated and transformed into new products including road signs, irrigation piping, plant stakes, plastic cable covers and outdoor furniture.

The drumMUSTER program offers many benefits:

It is an environmentally responsible solution for chemical users to dispose of their empty containers.

Helps property owners keep their farms free of potential contamination.

Encourages good farming practice.

Provides documentation for chemical users to meet the requirements of quality assurance programs.

Supports the preservation of the environment.


http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Pest-industry-licensing-and-registration

http://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Pest-industry-licensing-and-registration

5

ChemClear® is the national program for collection and disposal of unwanted or unknown chemicals. The program’s objective is to minimise the accumulation of unwanted chemicals on farms which may create potential risks to the environment, public health and trade.

Two categories of agvet chemicals are collected by ChemClear®:

Group 1 chemicals are currently registered products manufactured by participating companies signed to the Industry Waste Reduction Agreement. These products are collected free of charge.

Group 2 chemicals are products manufactured by non-participating companies, deregistered, unknown, mixed or out-of-date products. A fee for collection applies.

The service is easy to use:

Waste holders are required to take an inventory of their unwanted chemicals and register them for collection by phoning a toll-free number or completing an online form (details below).

Once the booking is lodged and confirmed, waste holders continue to store their products until a collection in their area is scheduled.

Collections are state-based and routes are planned when registered bookings reach a quantity threshold.

Collections are undertaken in the registered waste holder’s shire council area.

Prior to a collection, registered waste holders are contacted and advised of the retrieval location and date. An appointment time is also negotiated.

Waste holders are required to transport their chemicals to their nominated collection site and meet the ChemClear® retrieval vehicle.

For more information about the programs contact:

drumMUSTER GPO Box 816 Canberra ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6206 6868

Fax: +61 (0)2 6206 1977


Website: drummuster.org.au

ChemClear®

GPO Box 816 Canberra City ACT 2601

Tel: +61 (0)2 6206 6868

Fax: +61 (0)2 6206 1977

Free call: 1800 008 182


Website: chemclear.org.au


http://www.drummuster.com.au/


http://www.chemclear.com.au/

6

Withholding periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs)

Use of agricultural chemicals may leave residues on fruit. The level of residue that remains at harvest depends on the chemical, the formulation, application rate, method of application, time and number of treatments, use of adjuvants, the interval since the last application and climatic conditions.

Limits for these residues are determined in various countries by health authorities. These limits are called Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and are set to ensure correct use of pesticides (good agricultural practice) and to prevent consumers from taking in excessive residues. Grape growers are responsible to ensure that grapes they sell do not exceed MRLs for the chemicals they apply.

Label rates for horticultural chemicals have been calculated so that, provided the label rate is followed and withholding periods observed, Australian MRLs are not exceeded. The withholding period for a particular pesticide is the minimum time between when the crop is last sprayed and when it is picked. This withholding period may vary for different crops.

A withholding period of seven days means that the grower must wait for seven days between the last application of the pesticide and before the crop is picked. Growers applying chemicals at the correct rate and observing the withholding period before harvest should produce fruit with residues lower than the MRL for Australia.

Growers involved in production of grapes or wine for export should be aware that other countries may have different or no MRLs for chemicals used in Australia. If the importing country has a lower MRL than the Australian MRL, longer withholding periods or changed rates of application may be necessary. If the importing country has no MRL set for a chemical used in Australia, that chemical should not be applied to the crop as any detectable residue on the fruit will be unacceptable.

Growers exporting grapes or wine should contact their exporters, winery or the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) before spraying to ensure that MRLs in the export markets are not exceeded. Refer to the AWRI webpage on MRLs for further information.

Chemical labels, permits and material safety data sheets

Chemical labels — A chemical label is a legally binding document. To use a product other than in the manner specified on the label is permitted only in situations described as ‘low risk use’.

Permits — In special cases a product may be used in a manner different to that specified on the label by obtaining a ‘permit’ from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Various types of permits are available:

Permit to export unapproved active constituent or unregistered product.

Permit where a previous assessment remains valid (renewal).

Permit for minor use.

Permit for emergency use.

Permit for research or other miscellaneous permit.

For enquiries on a permit for minor use contact:

In the section on spray options for the various commodity groups, some chemicals listed for use in WA vineyards are under an APVMA permit for minor use. For such chemicals, the permit number and expiry date are listed in the comments column. Copies of permits for minor use are available from the website apvma.gov.au.

https://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/mrls/

http://www.apvma.gov.au/

7

Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

PO Box E240 Kingston ACT 2604

Tel: +61 (0)2 6210 4701


Website: apvma.gov.au

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

MSDS are available for each chemical to supplement the information provided on the label. They are not part of, nor a substitute for, the chemical label. Any farm chemical handled or stored on a property must have an up-to-date MSDS available on the premises in a known location.

The Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 require that an MSDS be supplied at the first sale of a hazardous chemical and thereafter upon request. The MSDS of a chemical must be shown to any persons employed on that property, prior to using the product.

Regulation change – low risk new pesticide uses

As published in the WA Government Gazette, 1 February 2011 No. 14, The Health Department of WA has modified the Health (Pesticides) Regulations 1956 to provide a more flexible approach for agricultural pesticide use, particularly in relation to low risk uses.

These amendments relate to Regulation 87 of the new regulations that allow the following practices, in agricultural situations only:

Use of a pesticide for an unspecified pest on a registered crop.

Use of a pesticide at a lower frequency than that shown on the label.

Use of a pesticide at a lower rate of application than that shown on the label.

Use of a pesticide for a crop/pest combination registered in another jurisdiction, provided the pesticide is registered for use in Western Australia and the label does not prohibit the use in Western Australia.

For any queries on this contact:

Chris Sharpe, Chemical Coordinator

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development

Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3815

Mob: +61 (0)427 193 838




http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCsQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slp.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fagency.nsf%2Fdocep_main_mrtitle_1853_homepage.html&ei=HtqIVcruM4bh8AXlzoPICg&usg=AFQjCNEmFKK7JlZWKguKSB8uUiBvw1KaGw

http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/3813016aa8975f8d0e76099c4825783900180e85/$file/3016+-+health+act+-+regs.pdf


8

Safety for bees

Bees actively foraging on flowers either in the crop or on ground covers may be adversely affected by insecticide applications. The time of application and insecticide used will influence the level of damage. Some insecticides have very low toxicity to bees and are able to be applied even when the bees are foraging. Other short residual insecticides will be safe to bees if applied in the evening or at night when the bees are not foraging. More persistent insecticides may remain toxic to bees well after application.

Foraging bees may bring contaminated pollen or nectar back to the hive. This is fed to the house bees which then feed the larvae and queen. In this way the whole colony may be killed.

Symptoms of bee toxicity vary:

There may be a sticky mass of bees dying in front of the hive.

Bees may move very slowly.

Bees may exhibit strange and aggressive behaviour.

The insecticide carbaryl is very toxic to bees and carbaryl-contaminated pollen may remain toxic for up to eight months when stored in the hive.

Food safety – Beekeepers in districts where vineyards are located in forest areas will be sourcing honey from eucalypts and in some instances the bees will be attracted to ground flora (weeds) from properties and this nectar will be collected and stored as honey within the hive and harvested and sold for human consumption. Sub-lethal levels of chemical can enter the food chain in this way.

Be aware of the bee toxicity rating of any pesticide used and whether bee hives are located near the vineyard. Advise the beekeeper before toxic chemicals are applied.

A communication tool to enable collaboration between farmers and beekeepers is available called BeeConnected.

Through BeeConnected, farmers and contractors may register and will then receive notifications when a registered beekeeper positions beehives near their properties.

Registered beekeepers will also receive notifications alerting them when a registered farmer or contractor enters a proposed nearby crop protection product application activity.

BeeConnected is a nation-wide, user-driven smart-phone app that enables collaboration between beekeepers, farmers and spray service contractors to facilitate best-practice pollinator protection.

Further information on bees, beekeeping and pollination can be found at beeaware.org.au.

http://beeaware.org.au/pollination/beeconnected/

http://beeaware.org.au/

9

Pesticide application

The good work of monitoring for pests to decide on the need for and timing of pesticide application, and correct selection of a pesticide to control the pest, will be negated by poor application technique. When using pesticides to control pests and diseases, and herbicides to control weeds, it is essential that these be applied safely and effectively.

Incorrect spray application can result in major pesticide wastage or phytotoxicity. Pesticide wastage or over-spraying may result in residues that exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL), is costly and detrimental to the environment.

Correct calibration of a sprayer is essential to apply the chemical at the label rate and to get maximum efficiency of coverage of the target.

The DPIRD website has additional information on calibrating spray equipment and herbicide application methods. Also the AWRI has a number of useful resources concerning spray applications.

Phenoxy herbicides

Phenoxy (hormone-like) herbicides have the potential to cause off-target spray damage to vineyards. See the link for details concerning the regulations, duty of care and formulations of phenoxy herbicide applications in WA.

Users of herbicides need to be aware of the legal aspects of herbicide application, follow the link for further information.

Pesticide resistance

What is pesticide resistance?

Most pest and disease populations have a very small number of individuals that are resistant to a given pesticide. Frequent use of the same pesticide kills susceptible individuals but leaves the resistant ones and therefore selects a strain of the pest or disease that contains an increasing number of resistant individuals. Once this resistant proportion reaches a critical level, the lack of control ultimately renders that pesticide useless. This is known as resistance.

What pesticides are prone to resistance?

All pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, miticides and fungicides) are prone to resistance but miticides and some of the fungicides are most at risk. This is because mites and fungi are usually resident in orchards and have a short life cycle. These attributes favour the rapid selection of resistant individuals if pesticide use is heavy.

Many of the new generation fungicides were developed for a specific disease and have a very specific mode of action. This means that they often have only single-site activity. Many of the older fungicides have multi-site activity and as a consequence the newer fungicides are more prone to the diseases developing resistance to them.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/declared-plant-calibration-spray-equipment

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/herbicides/herbicide-application-declared-plants

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/herbicides/herbicide-application-declared-plants

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/spray-application/

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/spray-application/

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/spraying-phenoxy-herbicides

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/residues-crops/herbicide-application-legal-aspects

10

If the same fungicide is used repeatedly it will allow the resistant spores to multiply until almost all spores are resistant and unaffected by the fungicide. Often when a disease becomes resistant to a particular fungicide it is resistant to other fungicides in the same activity group. The DPIRD webpage on herbicide resistance offers further detail.

How to avoid or delay resistance?

All new pesticide products have resistance management strategies included on the label. It is important that pesticides are applied using the correct dilutions and application rate and that the resistance management guidelines given on the label are followed.

Some of the key factors to avoid or delay resistance are based on the principles of Integrated Pest Management and include:

● Predators — There may be opportunity to introduce predators for pest control or suppression. This may reduce the pest to a level where a pesticide is not required or reduce the number of sprays required. Also be aware of any other pesticides that are harmful to predators, either natural or introduced. If available, select pesticides which are least harmful to natural enemies.

● Cultural control methods — using such techniques as vineyard hygiene can reduce the pest population and subsequently reduce exposure to pesticide.

● Pest monitoring — this will determine when a pest or disease is present and help decide whether a spray is required, and if required, the optimum time to apply it.

● Pesticide use — many pesticides are listed to be used only a specific number of times in a season. Some miticides should only be used once per season. If multiple sprays are required then alternate between different activity groups.

CropLife Australia represents the developers, registrants, manufacturers and formulators of plant science solutions for use in agriculture and the management of pests in other settings. This group has developed Pesticide Resistance Management Strategies and Activity Group Identification to assist in reducing the development of resistance to pesticides for a range of agricultural pests.

The following CropLife Australia information identifies the resistance management strategies for fungicides that are at risk and are used in viticulture. These strategies were developed by the CropLife Australia Fungicide Resistance Management Review Group and industry researchers.

This strategy is a guide only and does not endorse particular products, groups of products or cultural methods in terms of their performance. Always follow the product label for specific use instructions. While all effort has been taken with the information supplied in this document no responsibility, actual or implied, is taken for the day to day accuracy of product or active constituent specific information.

Readers should check with the Australian regulator’s (APVMA) product database for contemporary information on products and actives. The database can be sourced through apvma.gov.au. The information given in this strategy is provided in good faith and without any liability for loss or damage suffered as a result of its application and use. Advice given in this strategy is valid as at 7 June 2017.

Tel: +61(0)2 6273 2733


Website: croplife.org.au

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grains-research-development/herbicide-resistance

http://www.croplife.org.au/



http://www.croplife.org.au/

11

Downy Mildew

Fungicide activity groups: Group 4 (Phenylamide); Group 11 (Quinone outside inhibitor); Group

21 (Quinone inside inhibitor); Group 40 (Carboxylic acid amide); Group 45 (Quinone outside

inhibitor, stigmatellin binding type) fungicides

Apply all these fungicides preventatively, Group 4 fungicides should be applied before the first

sign of oilspots or as soon as possible after an infection period.

Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action

Apply a maximum of two consecutive applications of any one group.

Start preventative disease control sprays using non-Group 4 protectant fungicides, typically when

shoots are 10-20cm long. Continue spraying at intervals of 7-21 days depending on disease

pressure, label directions and rate of vine growth.

Limit the use of Group 4 fungicides to periods when conditions favour disease development.

Always apply Group 4 fungicides in mixtures.

Group

4 11 21

(+M1) 40 45 (40)

Max. number of consecutive applications

2 none 2 2 2

Max. number of solo sprays none 2 3 2

(50%) none

Max. number of sprays per season 4-mix 2 3 4–mix (50%)

4-mix

Areas of higher agronomic risk mix mix n/a mix n/a

Group 40 – do not apply as the last spray of the season.

Group 40 – apply a maximum of 50% of the total number of downy sprays

Group 11 – If applied alone, do not make consecutive applications.

Group 11 – apply a maximum of two sprays per season, including mixtures.

12

Powdery Mildew

Fungicide activity groups: Group 3 (DMI – Demethylation inhibitors); Group 5 (Amines); Group 7

(SDHI - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors); Group 11 (Quinone outside inhibitors) and

combinations of Group 3; Group 13 (Aza-napthalenes); Group U6 (Phenyl-acetamide); Group U8

(Actin disruptors) fungicides.

Apply all these fungicides preventatively

Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next.

Mixtures - co-formulations or tank mixes with label rate of alternative mode of action

Group

3 5 7 11 (3) 13 U6 U8

Maximum number of consecutive sprays

2 2 none below 2 2 2

Maximum number of sprays per season

3 3 3 2 3 2 4

Group 11 – where these fungicides have been routinely used for many seasons, field research

indicates there is an increased risk of powdery mildew resistance. To ensure effective powdery

mildew control in these circumstances, either use alternative modes of action or apply in mixtures.

Group 11 – if applied alone, do not make consecutive applications.

Group 11 – apply a maximum of two sprays per season, including mixtures.

13

Grey mould (bunch rot)

Fungicide activity groups: Group 2 (Dicarboximide); Group 7 (SDHI - Succinate dehydrogenase

inhibitors); Group 9 (Anilinopyrimidine) and combinations with Group 12 (Phenylpyrroles); Group

11 (Quinone outside inhibitor) and combinations with Group 3; Group 17 (Hydroxyanilide)

fungicides.

Apply all these fungicides as protectants before the first sign of disease

Consecutive applications include from the end of one season to the start of the next

Varying the number of fungicides applied targeting Botrytis changes the relative resistance risk to

any one fungicide group. When three or fewer sprays are applied, it is recommended that three

different groups of fungicides are used (see table below). When four sprays are applied, try to use

three or four different groups of fungicide.

If a Group 11 or 7 fungicide is used solo, it should only be used in strict alternation with fungicides

from a different mode of action group.

DO NOT apply more than two consecutive sprays from the same fungicide group, for any Group

2, 7, 9 (including combinations with Group 12) 11 + 3 or 17 fungicide, including from the end of

one season to the start of the following season.

If two consecutive applications of Group 11 + 3 fungicides are used, then they must be followed

by at least the same number of applications of fungicide(s) from a different group(s) before a

Group 11 (including combinations with Group 3) fungicide is used again, either in the current or

following season.

If resistance to a fungicide group has been detected, only use that fungicide group in mixtures or

in strict alternation with fungicides from a different cross resistance group. A fungicide group that

has been applied as the final application of the season should not be the first fungicide in the

following season.

Maximum recommended number of sprays whichcan

contain group

2 7 9 (inc. 9+12) 11 (inc. 3+11) 17

Total number of botrytis targeting sprays

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1 1

3 1 1 1 1 1

4 2 2 2 2 2

5+ 2 2 2 2 2

14

Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture

The AWRI produces an annual publication titled Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’. This provides information on agrochemicals for use in the production of grapes for export wine, and any restriction on their use.

The booklet is distributed free to all wineries that pay the wine research levy but can also be freely accessed from the AWRI agrochemicals webpage.

http://www.awri.com.au/industry_support/viticulture/agrochemicals/

15

Biosecurity planning

Biosecurity is about providing protection against risks posed by exotic organisms through actions

such as exclusion, eradication and control. Effective biosecurity relies on all stakeholders,

including government agencies, industry, and the public being prepared and well educated on the

potential pest threats. WA state based biosecurity is much the same as national biosecurity only

the exotic risks are those organisms that are already present in Australia, but not WA. Industry

biosecurity planning is about building the industry’s preparedness to deal with exotic threats that

may impact negatively on the viability of the industry.

A great number of organisms exist that are known to be found on grapevines, but not all present

the same level of economic risk to the industry. While growers are urged to report all pest issues, it

is understood that there are a lot of operational demands on their time. As a result it is important to

know what the priority pest threats are, to learn what they look like, increase industry knowledge of

these pest threats, and build a monitoring and reporting culture. To assist growers to know what

the priority pest threats are and provide knowledge and planning, several documents have been

produced.

The first three are specifically for the benefit of grape production in Western Australia:

Western Australian Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Plan

Western Australian Viticulture Industry Biosecurity Manual

MyPestGuide Grapes

The next two, produced by Plant Health Australia are for the benefit of grape production nationally:

Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Viticulture Industry

Biosecurity Manual for the Viticulture Industry

It is not just about good practices to reduce the likelihood of exotic pests making their way onto

your vineyard. It is equally important to actively monitor for pests and to have some knowledge on

the priority pests. You should monitor your vines and record/report all pest activities. This way you

will be able to detect any new pests, or any changes in known pest activities, early on and

increase the probability of effective management.

MyPestGuide Reporter is an easy to use pest reporting tool to assist you with reporting all pest

issues and provides you with an ongoing record (with location) of your reports. The tool is

available as a mobile application for both Android and Apple iOS operating systems as well as a

traditional online tool.

Pest and Disease Information Service

The Pest and Disease Information Service (PaDIS) provides advisory and identification services on animal and plant pests, weeds and diseases that impact Western Australia's agriculture and food industries. This service plays an important frontline role for the detection and reporting of unfamiliar and potentially damaging pests, weeds and diseases of agricultural and quarantine concern.

Tel: 1800 084 881


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/western-australian-viticulture-industry-biosecurity-plan

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/western-australian-viticulture-industry-biosecurity-manual

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/apps/mypestguide-grapes

http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/industries/wine-grapes/

http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Biosecurity-Manual-for-Viticulture-Industry.pdf

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/apps/mypestguide-reporter


16

Spray options

Diseases

* Restriction on use for wine grapes. This information is based on the 2017 ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 15/16, by M Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, May 2017.

** Rate - Please refer to product labels as many products have concentrate spraying details on the Mixing/Application section of the label.

*** Organic production – under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. However, some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

N/R – not required when used as directed.

Activity and chemical group

Active ingredient Some trade names Rate** Withholding period (days) Restriction on use for wine

grapes*

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola)

Group 29 fungicides unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Shirlan Gem Emblem Ohayo 500 SC Tizca

100mL/100L N/R Dormant spray only.

If symptoms of Phomopsis are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory to identify if it is Phomopsis or Diaporthe or from another cause before any chemical treatments are applied. Dormant spray only. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.

Group M3 fungicides multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.

150-200g/100L 30 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


mancozeb Mancoflo 420 SC

Unizeb 420 SC

250–350ml/ 100L 30 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur. Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/phomopsis-viticola-prohibited-disease

17



grapes*

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola) cont…


metiram Polyram DF 150–200g/ 100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10 mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss 300–350g/ 100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper sulphate tribasic after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M4 fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide)

captan Captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG

125g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Refer to label for compatibility options with other chemicals. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M4 and 4

fungicides multi-site activity (phthalimide) and phenylamide

metalaxyl and captan

Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG

Dragon 700 WG

Dithianon 700 WG

Dinon 700 WG

50–75g/100L 21 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes (Red Globe): Dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/plant-biosecurity/phomopsis-viticola-prohibited-disease

18



grapes*

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina)

Group M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride

Copper Oxychloride WP Oxydul DF

Cobox 500 WP

Curenox 500 WP

500g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper oxychloride after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M1 + M3

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

copper hydroxide and mancozeb

Mankocide DF 200-400g /100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb or copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group M3 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient


Barmac Mancozeb DG Kendon Mancozeb DF KDPC Mancozeb 800 WP

200g/100L or 2–3kg/ha

14



metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


thiram Thiragranz Thiram DG Thiram 800 WG

Thiram WP

150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain thiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/spring/black-spot-grapevines-western-australia

19



grapes*

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina) cont…


ziram Ziragranz Ziram DG Ziram WG Ziram Granuflo

150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain ziram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 + M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

benalaxyl and mancozeb

Galben M 280g/100L or

before flowering 1.9–2.8kg/ha

after flowering 2.8kg/ha

14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.


captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG


for export wines. Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Group 4 and M4

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (phthalimide)


Duplex WG 300g/100L



20



grapes*

Black spot (Elsinoe ampelina) cont…

Group M5 fungicides multi-site activity chloronitriles (phthalonitriles)

chlorothalonil Fung-o-nil 500

Elect 500

Whack 500

300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)

Use no later than E-L 29, berries peppercorn

size (4mm diameter).

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

210mL/100L

Various registered products containing: 900g/kg chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

175g/100L

Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity Quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dinon 700 WG Dithianon 700 WG Dragon 700 WG Wrath 700 WG



21



grapes*

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Group 4 + M1

fungicides phenylamide and multi-site activity (inorganic)

metalaxyl-M and copper hydroxide

Ridomil Gold Plus Before flowering 150–225g/ 100L

After flowering 225g/100L

7 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

metalaxyl-M and copper oxychloride

Axiom Plus Copper Plus Medley Plus Zeemil Plus Metalaxyl + Copper Oxychloride WP

150g/100L or

before flowering 1-1.5kg/ha

after flowering 1.5kg/ha

Pre and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper hydroxide after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 3 fungicides demethylation inhibitor

DMI (triazole) and

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) (methoxy acrylate)

tebuconazole and azoxystrobin

Custodia 320 SC Dilute spraying:

100mL/100L

Concentrate spraying: 1L/Ha


Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy acrylate)

azoxystrobin Various registered products containing: 250g/L azoxystrobin as the only active ingredient

75–100mL /100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Avior 800 WG Connect 800 WG

23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L

Amistar WG 37.5 or 50g/100L

Titan Azoxystrobin 500 WG 38-50g/100L

Pre-infection only

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/table-grapes/downy-mildew-grapevines

22



grapes*

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) cont…

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG (suppression only)

15g/100L 35 Use no later than E-L stage 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only and Suppression only

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin

Cabrio WG 50g/100L (+ 10mL non-ionic surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31 berries pea-size (7mm

diameter) AND do not use within 63 days of harvest.

Cabrio 40mL/100L

Pre-infection only.

Group 21 + M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic copper) + Qil fungicide (Quinone inside Inhibitors)

tribasic copper sulphate + amisulbrom

Amicus Bluce Dilute spraying: 250mL/100L

Concentrate spraying: refer to

label

28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only.

Apply as a protectant after shoots are 10cm long. Do not apply more than two Amicus Blue fungicide sprays per season and follow the CropLife Australia resistance management guidelines. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.


23



grapes*


Group 33 fungicides phosphonates

phosphorous acid

Fungi-Fos 400 pH 7.2 Foli-R-Fos 400 Chemphos 400

300mL/100L N/R

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.

Phospot 400 pH 7.2

Phospot 400 Phos Phyt 400

Phozguard 400 pH 7.2

300mL/100L

3L/ha early season/small

canopies

Rutec Fungi-Fos 400 3L/ha early season/small

canopies

Agri-Fos 400 pH 7.2 Agri-Fos Supa 400 Aus-Phoz Phite 400 Sprayphos 400 Throw Down


canopies

4-6L/ha mid-late season/large

canopies

Fungex 400mL/100L 4L/ha

Various registered products containing: 600g/L phosphorous acid present as the mono and di potassium phosponate.


canopies

2.7–4L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies


24



grapes*


Group 33 fungicides phosphonates

phosphorous acid

Sprayphos 620 Phozguard 620 Agri-fos 625

1.9L/ha early season/small

canopies.

2.6–3.9L/ha mid–late

season/large canopies

N/R

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.

Fosphite 2.6L/ha early season/small

canopies

3.5-5.2L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Phostrol 500 2.4L/ha early season/small

canopies

3.25-4.8L/ha mid–late season/large

canopies

Post-infection only - Apply as soon as possible after the infection event and before oil spots appear.

Wine grapes: It is advised to contact your winery or grape purchaser prior to the application of any phosphorous acid spray.

Table grapes: Phosphorus acid products are recommended for control of downy mildew where sprays need to be applied after berries reach 10mm diameter. Other products may leave unsightly residues on the berries through to harvest.


25



grapes*


Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (cinnamic acid amides)

Dimethomorp-h

Acrobat SC Sphinx Downright Dimethomorph Fungicide WP

Dilute spraying 36mL/100L +

mancozeb (150g/100L of

mancozeb 800 or 160g/100L

mancozeb 750) or + metiram at 150–

200g/100L

28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (7mm diameter) if only one

application is made per season otherwise

Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Dilute spraying Apply with mancozeb or metiram (please consult label).

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain dimethomorph, mancozeb or metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 40 fungicides carboxylic acid amides (mandelic acid amides)

mandiprop-amid

Revus Refer to label N/R Use no later than E-L 26, capfall complete.

Group 45 and 40

fungicides QoSI (triazolo-pyrimidylamine) and carboxylic acid amides

Ametoctradin and Dimeth-omorph

Zampro 80mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (7mm diameter) if only one

application is made per season otherwise

Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Group M and M

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid***

Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Suppression only. Do not mix with any other pesticides. Peratec Plus fungicide is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.


26



grapes*


Group 21 + M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic copper) + QiI fungicide (Quinone inside Inhibitors)

tribasic copper sulphate + amisulbrom

Amicus Blue Dilute spraying: 250mL/100L

28 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea size (7mm

diameter)

Pre-infection only

Apply as a protectant after shoots are 10cm long. Do not apply more than two Amicus Blue fungicide sprays per season and follow the CropLife Australia resistance management guidelines. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.

Group M1 fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride

Copper Oxychloride Copper Oxychloride WP Copper Oxychloride 50 WP Copper Oxychloride 500 WP Uni-Guard 500 WP Isacop 500 WP


Barmac Copper Oxychloride 250g/100L or 2.5kg/ha

Copper Oxychloride WP Oxydul DF

Cobox 500 WP

Curenox 500 WP

250–400g/ 100L

Cupro 375 WG

Neoram 375 WG 270g/100L

Coppox WG Coppox WD

200g/100L


27



grapes*



copper ammonium acetate complex

Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)


copper ammonium complex

Copperguard Liquicop

500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)

copper octanoate

Tricop 1L/100L 1

cuprous oxide***

Red Copper WG 150–195g/ 100L

AgCopp 75 55-105g/100L (min 0.7kg/ha)

Nordox 750 WG 100–130g/ 100L

copper sulphate tribasic***

Tri-Base Blue

Tribasic Liquid

250–350mL/ 100L

Bordeaux WG 250-350g/100L

Cuprofix Disperss 250–400g/100L


28



grapes*



copper hydroxide***

Kocide Opti 80–115g/100L 1 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Blu-Cop 400DF 180-250g/100L

Hydrocop WG 95–135g/100L

Champ 500WG 95–131g/100L

Vitra 400 WG 115–165g/100L

Kocide Blue Xtra 135–190g/100L

Champ Flowable 350 135–190mL/100L

Cung Fu 350 SC 140–200mL/100L

Blue Shield DF 95–135g/100L

Champ Dry Prill WG 125–175g/100L

Copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide

Relyon Airone WG Fungicide 170-250g/100L

Group M1 + M2 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/100L

OR

3-4kg/ha

30

Group M3 + M1 fungicides – multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate and inorganic)

mancozeb and copper hydroxide

Mankocide DF 200–400g/100L 14

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper octanoate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


29



grapes*


Group M1 and M3

fungicides multi-site activity (inorganic and dithiocarbamate)

mancozeb and copper sulphate tribasic

Novofix Disperss Copman Cuprofix Plus

Dilute spraying: 300–350g/ 100L

14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest

Pre- and post-infection

Table grapes: Do not apply products after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 and M3 fungicides – phenylamide and multi-site activity (dithiocarbamate)

metalaxy-M and mancozeb

Ridomil Gold MZ WG 250g/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre- and post-infection

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm diameter. Minor phytotoxic reactions on some varieties may occur under certain conditions.


metalaxyl and mancozeb

Axiom MZ 720 Maxyl Zeemil MZB 720 WP Metal-Man MZ 720 Milor 720 WP Zeemil * 720 WG


metalaxyl and mancozeb

Max MZ 500mL/100L Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain mancozeb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


propineb and oxadixyl

Rebound WP 250g/100L 3 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre- and post-infection. Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain oxadixyl after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


30



grapes*



mancozeb Mancoflo 420 SC Unizeb 420 SC

250–350mL /100L 30 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)


Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply to table grapes after flowering has commenced.

Do not mix with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur.


mancozeb Various registered products containing: 750 or 800g/kg mancozeb as the only active ingredient.


Pre-infection only



metiram Polyram DF 200g/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain metiram after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


zineb Zineb 150g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain zineb after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Group 4 and M4



Duplex WG 200-300g/L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.


31



grapes*



captan Captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG


for export wines.

Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L

Pre- and post-infection - Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain captan after berries reach 10mm in diameter.

Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.


chlorothalonil Fung-O-Nil 500 Whack 500

230-300mL/100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)


size (4 mm diameter). Cheers 500 SC 230-300mL/100L or

2.6-3.3L/ha

Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720 Chlorothalonil 720 SC

210mL/100L

Echo 720 Mueso 720 Aprisco Fungicide Chlorothalonil

160–210mL /100L


1.8–2.3L/ha

Various registered products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient

1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only - Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil. Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.


32



grapes*


Group M9 fungicides multi-site activity quinone (anthraquinone)

dithianon Delan 700 WG Dinon 700 WG Dithianon 700 WG Wrath 700 WG

50g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha

at shoots 10–15cm long and a

minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)


Dragon 700 WG 25g/100L (apply a minimum of 500L/ha

at shoots 10–15cm long and a

minimum of 1000L/ha thereafter)

Pre-infection only

Table grapes (Red Globe): Dithianon products may cause leaf scorching.

Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)

Group 2 fungicides dicarboximide (dicarboximide)

iprodione Various registered products containing: 250g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.

200mL/100L 7 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Consult your winery or grape purchaser before spraying within 30 days of harvest.

Various registered products containing: 5000g/L iprodione as the only active ingredient.

100mL/100L


DMI (triazole) and



Custodia Dilute spraying:

100mL/100L




https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/summer/know-your-grapevine-bunch-rots

33



grapes*

Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) cont…

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100–120g/ 100L 28

Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for

export wines. Patron Boss Rinkals

120g/100L

Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to applying any boscalid spray.

Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine

pyrimethanil Pyrus 400 SC Scala Protector 400 SC

Dilute spraying 200mL/100L

water (maximum 2L/ha)

Concentrate spraying

Flowering: 1.5–2.0L/ha

Post-flowering: 2.0L/ha


pyrimethanil Predict 600 SC Dilute spraying 133mL/100L

water (maximum 1.33L/ha)

Concentrate spraying

Flowering: 1–1.33L/ha

Post-flowering: 1.33L/ha

Table grapes only: Scala should only be used between colour change and harvest, should rain occur during this period. For best results apply before rain. Scala can be applied after rain but will be less effective. Thorough coverage of bunches is critical. White residue may be visible on the berries after spraying, but disappears with time.


34



grapes*


Group 9 fungicides anilinopyrimidine

cyprodinil Solaris 300 EC Cyprodinil 300 EC

100mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use

within 60 days of harvest.

Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L 29.

Group 9 and 12

fungicides anilinopyrimidine and phenylpyrrole

cyprodinil/ fludioxonil

Switch Dilute spraying: 80g/100L

Concentrate spraying: 800g/ha

28 Use no later than E-L stage 29, berries peppercorn size (4mm diameter). Do not use

within 60 days of harvest.

Do not apply at both flowering and growth stage E-L 29.



75–100mL/ 100L 14 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.


23.5–31.5g/100L

Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG Amistar WG

37.5–50g/100L


Do not use azoxystrobin alone for Botrytis control at critical times such as 80–100% capfall and pre-harvest.

Group 17 fungicides SBI:Class III (hydroxyanilide)

fenhexamid Teldor 500 SC 100mL/100L 21 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Table grapes: If Teldor 500 SC is used between colour change and harvest, white residue may be visible on the berries. If the fruit is cool-stored this residue may disappear.


35



grapes*


Group 17 fungicides – hydroxyanilide (Amino-pyrazolinone)

fenpyrazamin-e

Prolectus Dilute spraying: 100mL/100L (see

label for water rate)

Concentrate spraying:

Refer to label


Do not apply more than two sprays in a season, with a minimum 14 day interval.

Table grapes: Apply as part of a botrytis program between 10% flowering (E-L 20) and up to seven days prior to harvest (E-L 28).

Group M and M



Peracetic acid Peroxy treat Peractec fungicide

1-2L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Peratec Plus 1L/100L

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good thorough coverage is required.

Group 4 and M4



Duplex WG 300g/100L 7 Captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined

for export wines.


Refer to label for tank mix restrictions and re-entry period information.


captan

Captan Captan WG Captan 800 WG


for export wines.

Captan 900 WG

Capitaine 900 WG

110g/100L



36



grapes*



chlorothalonil Fung-o-nil 500 Whack 500 Cheers 500 SC

230–300mL /100L 7 (table grapes)

14 (wine grapes)


size (4 mm diameter).

Applonil 720 Cheers 720 Chlorothalonil 720

210mL/100L

Various products containing: 720g/L chlorothalonil as the only active ingredient.

160–210mL/ 100L

Echo 720 Aprisco Chemtura chlorothalonil Mueso 720

1.8–2.3L/ha


1.5–1.9kg/ha

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Russeting (berry scarring) of some varieties may occur from products that contain chlorothalonil.

Do not apply products that contain chlorothalonil after capfall on table grapes.

Group U1 fungicides – mode unknown

potassium salts of fatty acids***

Ecoprotector 20L/ha in 500–1000L


Compatible with copper hydroxide and sulphur fungicides. Do not add other pesticides.


37



grapes*


Not classified Trichoderma harzianum***

Trichodex Bio-fungicide 2 or 4 kg/ha n/a n/a

Biological control for Botrytis cinerea. Best results can be expected when applying in rotation with another fungicide. Start rotation at early flowering (E-L 19) followed by the other fungicide at 80% capfall (E-L 25). See label for notes on compatibility.

Not classified Aureobasidiu-m pullulans***

Botector 1kg/ha in 1000L/ha n/a May be used until harvest

Biological control for Botrytis cinerea. Best results achieved from up to four applications per season between 80% capfall (E-L 25) and berries not quite ripe (E-L 37).

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)


DMI (triazole)

hexaconazole Viva 300mL/ha (low-med volume)

30mL/100L (high volume)


hexaconazole Hex 50SC Synan Hexagon 50 SC

30mL/100L 21

myclobutanil Mycloss Xtra 16mL/100L 14 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Systhane 125 EC 25mL/100L

penconazole Topas 100 EC Delos KDpc Azotic

12.5mL/100L Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter). Do not use within 60 days of harvest.

Pearl 6.25mL/100L


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/table-grapes/powdery-mildew-grapevines-western-australia

38



grapes*

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) cont…


DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Tebuconazole 800 WG 16g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size

(4mm diameter). Tebuconazole 750 WDG 17.2g/100L

Buzz Ultra 750 WG Ultrateb 750 WG

17g/100L

Folicur 430 SC Orius 430 SC Tebuconazole 430 SC Zolo 430 SC Launch Tebucon 430 SC Toledo 430 SC

30mL/100L


DMI (triazole)

tetraconazole Domark 40 ME Mettle 40 ME

30mL/100L 14 Use no later than E−L 31, berries pea-size (7mm


triadimenol Triadimenol 250 EC Tridim 250 EC

Axidime 250 EC

Triad fungicide

10mL/100L or 10mL/ha


Bayfidan 250 EC Citadel

10mL/100L

Allitron 7mL/100L

triadimefon Slingshot fungicide

Triad 125 Triadimefon 125 Triadimefon fungicide

20mL/100L 14


39



grapes*



DMI (triazole)

difenoconazol-e

Digger 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.


DMI (triazole) and



Custodia 320 SC Dilute spraying:

65 or 100mL/100L



Pre-infection only

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole) and Group M2 fungicides – multi-site activity (inorganic)

sulphur and tebuconazole

Unicorn 745 WG Dilute spraying: 287g/100L

Concentrate spraying: refer to

label

56 Use no later than E-L 29, berries pepper-corn size

(4mm diameter).

Pre-infection only

Group 5 fungicides amines morpholines (spiroketalamine)

spiroxamine Prosper 500 EC Spirox 500 EC

60mL/100L 28 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only. Do not apply more than one late season Prosper spray.

Group 7 fungicides – Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (pyridine carboxamides)

boscalid Filan 100-120g/ 100L Harvest: 28

Grazing: Do not treat vineyards that will or may be grazed by

livestock.

Not recommended for use on grapes destined for

export wines.

Pre-infection only. Consult your winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any boscalid spray.


40



grapes*


Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (methoxy carbamate)

pyraclostrobin Cabrio WG 50g/100L (include 10mL of non-ionic

surfactant)

21 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size, (7mm


Cabrio 40mL/100L 21

Group 11 fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (Qols) (oximino acetates)

trifloxystrobin Flint 500 WG 15g/100L 35 Use no later than E−L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only.



75−100mL/ 100L 14 Use no later than E-L 29, berries 4mm diameter.


23.5–31.5g/ 100L

Amistar WG Azoxystrobin 500 WG Spartacus 500 WG

37.5–50g/100L


Pre-infection only.

The higher rate refers specifically to powdery mildew management (refer to product label).

Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (aryloxyquinoline)

quinoxyfen Legend Quinfen 250 SC

10–20mL/100L 14 Use no later than E-L 34, (before start of veraison). Do

not use within 42 days of harvest.


41



grapes*


Group 13 fungicides aza-naphthalenes (quinazolinone)

proquinazid Talendo 25mL/100L 28 Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Pre-infection only

Group M and M



Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest

Suppression only

Do not mix with any other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which will only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore thorough coverage is required.

Group M1 and M2


copper oxychloride and sulphur

Mildex WG 300−400g/ 100L

OR

3-4kgs/ha


Pre-infection only

Refer to product label for information on use of sulphur with oil products.

There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot or humid days, or if crop is suffering moisture stress.


copper ammonium acetate complex

Cop-it 500mL/100L 1 (table grapes)

28 (wine grapes)


copper ammonium complex

Copperguard Liquicop

Pre-infection only

Table grapes: Do not apply products that contain copper ammonium acetate after berries reach 10mm in diameter.


42



grapes*



sulphur*** Barmac Wettable Sulphur 200−300g/ 100L N/R Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Liquisulf 700 SC 230−400mL/ 100L

Various registered products containing: 800g/L sulphur as the only active ingredient

200−350mL/ 100L

Various registered products containing: 800g/kg sulphur as the only active ingredient

Table grapes: 100−200g/ 100L

Wine grapes only: 200−600g/ 100L

Dusting Sulphur Refer to label Use no later than 12 weeks before harvest.

Pre-infection only

There is a risk of phytotoxicity if sulphur is applied on hot days.

Do not mix sulphur with oils.

Refer to product label regarding further restrictions on use of sulphur with oil products.


potassium bicarbonate ***

Ecocarb 400g/100L + 200mL Synertrol

Horti-Oil

N/R Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Post-infection only

Ecocarb is a contact fungicide containing activated potassium bicarbonate that requires direct contact with the fungus for control.

Ecocarb is highly alkaline. Do not mix with acidifying material.


43



grapes*



hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid***

Peratec Plus 1L/100L 1 Use no later than 7 days before harvest.

Surpression only. Do not mix with other pesticides.

Peratec Plus is a non-selective surface sterilant, which only control diseases where contact has been made; therefore good coverage is required.

Not classified paraffinic oil BioPest 1L/100L 1 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only

Do not spray when temperatures exceed 32°C or vines are suffering moisture stress.

Group U6 fungicides – unknown (phenyl-acetamide)

cyflufenamid Flute 50 EW Cyflamid 50 EW

35mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter).

Pre-infection only

Do not apply more than two Flute 50 EW fungicide sprays per season and follow the Croplife Australia resistance management guidelines.

Group U8 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzophenone)

metrafenone Vivando 20mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 25, 80% capfall.

Pre-infection only

Group U8 fungicides – aryl-phenyl-ketone (benzophenone)

Pyriofenone Kusabi 300 SC 30mL/100L 35 Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-size (7mm

diameter)

Pre-infection only

Do not apply more than two Kusabi 300 SC fungicide sprays per season and follow the CropLife Australia resistance management guidelines.


44



grapes*

Eutypa (Eutypa lata)

Not classified Trichoderma harzianum***

Vinevax Bioimplants 1 implant/vine N/R Dormancy treatment

Vinevax – Bio-injection 10mL/vine

Vinevax Wound Dressing

10g/L spray or 100g/L paste

If symptoms of Eutypa are found samples should be sent to an approved pathology laboratory for correct identification.

Biological control for Eutypa lata

Do not use with other pesticides, fertilisers or other material that may harm the fungus.

Avoid treatment during sap flow in late winter and early spring.

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Greenseal Apply as paste on wounds

N/R Dormancy treatment

Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing.

Group 3 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor – DMI (triazole)

tebuconazole Gelseal 30mL/100L N/R Dormancy treatment

Apply at dormancy on fresh pruning wounds on the same day the pruning cut is made.

Group 3 and 28 fungicides – demethylation inhibitor DMI (triazole) and multi-site

cyproconazole and iodocarb

Garrison Apply as paste on wound

N/R Dormancy treatment

Apply at dormancy on fresh pruning wounds on the same day the pruning cut is made.

Group 29 fungicides – unspecified (2,6-dinitro-anilines)

fluazinam Eblem Gem

100mL/100L N/R Dormancy treatment

Use during dormant winter months as a pruning dressing. Refer to label for re-entry requirements.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grapes-wine/eutypa-dieback-prohibited-disease

46

Insects, mites and molluscs

* Restriction on use for wine grapes. This information is based on the ‘Dog book’ Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 17/18 by M Essling and A Lord, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, 31 May 2017.

NM Not mentioned in the Recommendations section of the ‘Dog book’.

*** Organic production – under “Active ingredient” heading – active ingredient permitted. However some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to the inclusion of certain inerts/inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

# Use no later than 80% capfall it is essential to contact winery/grape purchaser prior to the application of any 1A, 1B, 2B and 3A insecticide.


Chemical group Active ingredient*** Trade names Rate Withholding period (days)

Restriction on use for wine grapes*

African black beetle (Heteronychus arator)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos suSCon Green 20g/vine N/R NM

Incorporate into 2−4cm of soil surrounding rootlings, during or immediately after transplanting. See label for notes on efficacy and caution regarding vine vigour.

Common garden snail (Cornu aspersum), slugs and White Italian snail (Theba pisana)

1A insecticide methiocarb Mesurol Snail and Slug Bait 5.5kg/ha or 11−22kg/ha

7 NM

For most infestations apply low rate. For heavy infestations or where plant growth is tall or dense apply higher rate. Apply April to May for best results. Repeat August to September if required. See label for other details on application.

Insecticide (molluscicide)

iron EDTA complex*** Multiguard Snail and Slug Killer

15kg/ha 150g/100sq m

7 Ground application only. May be used until

harvest.

Eradicate Snail and Slug Killer

NM

Apply at 15kg/ha when applying to an entire field. If pest is localised, apply only to the area where the pest occurs.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/olives/african-black-beetle-horticulture

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pest-animals/snail-and-slug-control

47



Snails and slugs


metaldehyde Various registered products containing 15−50g/kg metaldehyde as the only active constituent.

Consult label for rates

7 Ground application only. Use no later than 7 days

before harvest.

Spread pellets evenly. Do not place in heaps. Domestic pets and livestock find the bait attractive and it may kill them.

Snails


copper***

& silicate salts

Socusil Snail Repellent Consult label for rates

N/R Dormancy spray only

Consists of two components − see label for mixing instructions. Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of first new leaves. Do not spray foliage.


copper as buffered copper complex***

ESCAR-GO

1L/10sq m 1 Dormancy spray only

Thoroughly wet trunk and infested canes prior to expansion of the first new leaves. Do not spray on foliage.

Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.

100mL alone or 50mL + 1L winter

oil/10L

Dormant spray only

14

NM

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Do not use oil additive after bud swell.



48



Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae) cont…

1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal Insecticide 90mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

3 NM

Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

Fyfanon 500 EC 200mL + 1.3L summer oil/100L

water

Apply during summer−autumn if scale population increases to point where biological control is no longer effective. For winegrapes, apply no later than 80% capfall (E-L 25) and contact winery/grape purchaser prior to application.

1B insecticide methidathion (dormant treatment)

Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L Dormant spray only. Dormant spray only.

Dormant spray only. Apply during winter months prior to bud movement.

1B insecticide methidathion (spring and summer treatment)

Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

75mL/100L 14 NM

Spring−summer treatment: Spray during late November−December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

23 insecticide spirotetramat Movento 240 SC 40mL/100L + adjuvant

See label for concentrate.

28 Use no later than E-L 18 (14 leaves separated;

flower caps still in place, but cap colour fading

from green)

Suppression only. Do not apply prior to six leaf stage (E-L 13). See label for information on export of treated produce.

49



Grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae) cont…

Unspecified class petroleum oil*** Various registered products containing approx. 850g/L petroleum oil as active ingredient

3L/100L Dormant spray only Dormant spray only.

Paraffinic petroleum oil*** Various registered products

Dormant spray only. Apply following pruning when the vines are dormant. Preferable to apply after pruning when 90% crawlers have emerged.

Bud mite (Colomerus vitis)

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur as a polysulphide***

Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

Refer to label N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst

(E-L 4).

Apply as near as possible to budburst. Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.

M2 fungicide/ miticide sulphur, present as elemental or crystalline sulphur***

Various registered products Rates vary depending upon percent active.

Check label carefully.

Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

These are registered for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary dependent on product check label carefully.

50



Grapeleaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis)


Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing approx. 200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

100mL/1L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.

Apply as near as possible to budburst. Spread of mites is checked by sulphur treatments used for powdery mildew.


Various registered products containing sulphur.

Rates vary depending upon

percentage active ingredient. Check

label carefully.

Consult label Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf blister mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control in vineyards where mites are a severe problem.

Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) and bunch mite (Brevipalpus sp.)


Various registered products containing sulphur.

Rates vary depending upon percent active

ingredient. Check label carefully.

Consult label. Use no later than 30 days before harvest.

Some products are registered for grapeleaf rust mite and others for mites in general. Application methods and timing vary depending on product. Note caution on some labels in relation to applications of oil. Check label carefully. During summer, build-up of mites is checked by sulphur spraying for powdery mildew. An application immediately after picking may aid control where mites are severe.

51



Grapeleaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis)


Lime Sulphur Various registered products containing ~200g/L polysulphide as active ingredient

100mL/1L N/R Apply as near as possible to budburst.

Do not apply if freezing weather is predicted or air temperature greater than 32C. Apply as near as possible to budburst. Do not apply within two weeks of an oil spray.

European earwig (Forficula auricularia)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: 500g/L chlorpyrifos as the only active constituent.

5kg bait/ha N/R NM

APVMA PER14868 applies to 30 Sept 2019 – a South Australian permit which can be referred to for the same use in WA. Apply bait once in late winter/spring using a fertiliser spreader. Use higher rate for heavy infestations. Where birds are used for pest management DO NOT apply.

3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar Hoprole 300 WG

17g/100L 56 NM

Suppression only. Only apply treatments if damage is likely to occur. Do not apply after pre-bunch closure (growth stage) E-L 31.

Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae)

1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon Diazinon 800

30mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide maldison Hy-Mal 90mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when the pest first appears.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/management-european-earwig

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/minor-fruits/mealybugs-grapevines-and-deciduous-fruit-tree-crops

52



Mealybug (Fam. Pseudococcidae) cont…

1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 230mL/100L 3 NM

Fyfanon 500 EC 200mL/100L

Apply when the pest first appears and repeat if pest population increases.

Insecticide, spray adjuvant

paraffinic oil*** Bioclear Biopest Trump Spray Oil

4-6L with 306-460L/ha

of water

N/R Dormant spray only.

A tank mix using insecticide improves control.

Insecticide, spreader petroleum oil*** Biocover 4-6L with 306-460L/ha

of water

N/R NM

Dormant spray only. A tank mix using insecticides improves control.

Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC

Ridacide 400EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November and again late December. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide prothiofos Tokuthion 100mL/100L 56 table grapes only

-

This product is not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply by dilute spraying equipment in early to mid-December after bunch and berry thinning is complete. Spray both sides of vines thoroughly to run-off, using at least 2000L/ha of water. Concentrate spraying is not appropriate for this use.



53



Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) cont…

16 insecticide

buprofezin Applaud Strident Scale and bug

30-60mL/100L 56 table grapes

Use no later than 80% capfall.

Apply twice, 14-21 days apart, starting when the first emergence of crawlers is observed. Use the high rate when heavy infestations occur and/or where IPM systems have not effectively managed pest populations. Note caution on label if releasing predators.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 7 table grapes only

-

This product is not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only. Dilute foliar spray.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 800g/ha N/R NM

Soil application for wine and table grapes. Apply between budburst (E-L 4) and beginning of flowering (E-L 19). See label for more information.

4C insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 40mL/100L (table grapes)

7 -

Transform WG 20g/100L (table grapes)

Apply as part of a spray program targeting crawlers. Best control will be achieved by making two applications 14-21 days apart when crawlers are active early in the season when good coverage can be achieved. Do not exceed a total use of 400mL of product per ha in a single application. Do not apply later than 80% capfall (E-L 25). If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.

4C insecticide sulfoxaflor Transform 30mL/100 L (wine grapes)

Do not apply later than 80% capfall (E-

L 25)

NM

Transform WG 15g/100 L (wine grapes)

Apply as part of a spray program targeting crawlers. Best control will be achieved by making two applications 14-21 days apart when crawlers are active early in the season when good coverage can be achieved. Do not exceed a total use of 300mL of Transform per ha or 150mL of Transform WG in a single application. Do not apply later than 80% capfall (E-L 25). If bees are present in the target area during flowering, refer to PROTECTION OF LIVESTOCK direction on the label before applying sulfoxaflor.


54



Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) cont…





from green)

Also registered for control of tuber or obscure mealybug (IPseudococcus virburni). Apply no earlier than six leaf stage (E-L 13). Continue to monitor crop and apply a second application 21-28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: do not harvest until 28 days after application. Also provides suppression of grapevine scale, plague thrips and northern thrips. Do not apply prior to six leaf stage (E-L 13). See label for information on export of treated produce.

Cluster caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)

With a change in regulations to the WA Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control cluster caterpillar.

Grasshoppers

1A insecticide carbaryl Cricket and Grasshopper Killer Bait

60kg/ha 100 pellets/ sq m

N/R NM

Broadcast pellets over area to be treated. Do not heap pellets or apply near water bodies.

Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum)

1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.

300mL/ha 14 NM

Usually invades vineyards from surrounding pasture. Monitor for source and treat with sprays or baits in pasture against nymphs. Birds are effective predators.


17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 but do not use within 56

days of harvest.

Spray when local thresholds have been reached and damage is being observed. Thorough coverage is essential. Do not repeat within 10 days.


https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/locusts-and-grasshoppers-economic-considerations-management

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/spring/wingless-grasshoppers-and-their-control

55



Nymphs of some grasshoppers and locusts including Wingless grasshopper (Phaulacridium vittatum) and Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

Biological insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridium spores***

Green Guard SC Premium 500mL in 75-225L/ha

See label for

instructions on rate.

N/R 24 hour

re-entry period.


Refer to label for details on this biological control agent and preparing the products for application.

Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera)

1B insecticide diazinon Diazinon Diazinon 800

65mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during late November-December. For late table grapes, spray early November, again late December and follow up if necessary. Thorough coverage is essential.

1B insecticide fenitrothion Various registered products containing: 1000g/L fenitrithion as the only active constituent.

270-400mL /ha 14 NM

Refer to label for instructions on spray procedures and buffer zones.

Apple weevil (Otiorhynchus cribricollis): primarily overwintering adults, insecticides for garden weevil can be used to control apple weevil also.

3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)

Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray the leaves, canes and the soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after three weeks. Apply the same total amount to the target crop whether applying this product by dilute or concentrate spraying methods. Consult label.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/invasive-species/australian-plague-locust-overview

56



Garden weevil (Phlyctinus callosus)

3A insecticide Alpha-cypermethrin Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L)

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer. Apply at first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, shoots and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after three weeks.

3A insecticide esfenvalerate Sumi-Alpha Flex 30mL/100L N/R NM

Do not apply last application later than growth stage E-L 31 (berries pea-size). Apply after peak weevil emergence in late spring but before damage. Apply at least 500L of solution per hectare at night. Second application 2-4 weeks later may be required. This product may cause outbreak of secondary pests. Do not apply more than twice per season.


17g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest.

Apply when damage to canopy observed. Thorough coverage essential. Monitor after spraying. Maximum of two applications per season. Do not use more than two consecutive seasons.

Common auger beetle (Xylopsocus gibbicollis)

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray during spring and preferably at monthly intervals or at first signs of adult feeding or egg laying activity.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/garden-weevil-vineyards

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/grapes-wine/common-auger-beetle-vineyards

57



Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana)

1B insecticide chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: chlorpyrifos (500 g/L).

50mL/100L 14 NM

Cyren 500 WP 50g/100L or 500g/ha

Lorsban 750 WG 33g/100L or 333g/ha

Lorsban 500 EC 50mL/100L or 500mL/ha

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.

1B insecticide methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

125mL/100L 14 NM

Spray when caterpillars are first noticed and repeat applications if necessary at 14−21 day intervals.

28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor Altacor Hort

9g + non-ionic surfactant at 15gai/100L

56 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Do not apply after bunch closure. Max of two applications. See label for details. See instructions regarding drift to non-target crops.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***

Dipel DF Delfin Delfin WG

25−1000g/ 100L Check label

N/R May be used until harvest.

Biocrystal 25mL-1L/100L NM

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai***

Bacchus WG Agree WG

50-200g/100L

Check label

May be used until harvest

When caterpillars or their damage first appear spray both sides of all foliage. Respray at 7−14 day intervals or as required.

58



Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) cont…

1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing methomyl (225g/L).

150mL/100L 7 NM

Apply during early shoot growth/ flowering and then just prior to bunch closure if lightbrown apple moth is noted. Control at later stages of bunch development is difficult.

Mating disruption pheromone

tetradecenyl acetate and tetradecadienyl acetate

Isomate Shin-Etsu MD Corto Shin-Etsu MD Flex Shin-Etsu MD

500 dispersers/ha NR -

Refer to label.

18 insecticide methoxy-fenozide Prodigy 25mL/100L 21 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Read label for more information.




Applications to be timed for each egg hatch. Thorough fruit coverage is essential. Maximum of three applications to each crop. Wine grapes Do not apply after bunch closure. Read label carefully for comments on spraying methods.

3A insecticide garlic + chilli + pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide

Beat-a-bug Concentrate

2.5L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack, ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

59



Lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) cont…

6A insecticide Emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)

but do not use later than 56 days before harvest

Warlock 40mL/100L

Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Check label carefully. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 10g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae. Do not apply more than four times to any fruit crop in any one season.

Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp

Refer to supplier recommendations


Refer to supplier recommendations.

1B insecticide

chlorpyrifos Various registered products containing: chlorpyrifos (500g/L)

50mL/100L 14 NM

Make first application just after berry set. Repeat as required.

1B insecticide

maldison Hy-Mal 55mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when pest first appears.

1B insecticide

maldison Fyfanon 440EW 140mL/100L 3 NM

Apply when pest first appears. Repeat if pest population increases.

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Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae)

1B insecticide

trichlorfon Dipterex 500 SL Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 NM

Spray when pests are first seen and repeat if necessary.

1B insecticide

methidathion Suprathion 400 EC Ridacide 400 EC

65mL/100L 14 NM

Spray when caterpillars are noticed during spring and early summer. Repeat if necessary.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai***

Bacchus WG 50-200g/100L

Check label


Apply at first sign of infestation as high volume spray, and repeat as required to maintain control of pests.

11C insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki***

Dipel DF Delfin Delfin WG

25−1000g/ 100L Check label


Biocrystal 25mL−1L/ 100L NM

See label for application methods.

1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing methomyl (225g/L)

150mL/100L

7 NM

Apply during early shoot growth/flowering if pests are a problem and again just before bunches close, if required. Control of later grub stages is difficult.

6A insecticide emamectin benzoate Proclaim 15g/100L 56 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure)


Warlock 40mL/100L

Do not apply after bunch closure. Apply in a minimum of 250L/ha. Do not apply more than twice to any fruit crop in any one season. Do not use on grapes grown for dried fruit production.

61



Grapevine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae) cont…

5 insecticide spinetoram Delegate 3g/100L 7 Use no later than E-L 31 (before bunch closure).

Target sprays against mature eggs and newly hatched larvae when numbers exceed threshold. Apply at 7–14 day intervals as new infestations occur. Do not apply more than four Group 5 insecticides in any season.

22A insecticide indoxacarb Avatar Hoprole WG



Apply when local thresholds reached. Thorough coverage essential. Do not re-treat within 10 days. Post-harvest infestations can be treated.

Biological control agent

Trichogramma carverae*** Trichogramma parasitic wasp Refer to suppliers recommendations


Refer to label.


Beat-a-bug Concentrate 2.5L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

28 insecticide chlorantran-iliprole Altacor Altacor Hort

9g + non-ionic surfactant @

15g/100L

56 Use no later than 80% capfall.

Do not apply more than two applications per season. Do not apply after bunch closure.

62



Plague thrips (Thrips imaginis)

3A insecticide tau-fluvalinate Klartan Mavrik Aquaflow

20mL/100L N/R

table grapes only Do not use on wine

grapes.

These products are not registered for use on wine grapes. Table grapes only: Apply just prior to the start of flowering when a significant population of thrips can be found. A second application may be required depending on pest pressure 10−14 days later. This second application must not be applied outside the flowering period.



2.5L/100L 1 NM


Thrips (general)

3A insecticide pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

Py-Bo 100mL/100L 1 NM

Thorough coverage of all foliage is essential.





from green)

Suppression only – see label for application details. Apply no earlier than six leaf stage (E-L 13). Continue to monitor crops and apply a second application 21 – 28 days after the first application if necessary. Table grapes: do not harvest until 28 days after application. Also registered for mealybug control and suppression of grapevine scale. Do not apply prior to six leaf stage (E-L 13). See label for information on export of treated produce.

Cutworm (Agrotis spp.)

1A insecticide carbaryl Bugmaster

Carbaryl 500 SC Carbaryl 500 Flowable

160−200mL/100L N/R NM

Trunk treatment. Apply at first sign of pest activity around the base of vines and every two weeks as necessary. Use higher rate where high insect pressure occurs.

63



Pink cutworm (Agrotis munda)

3A insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (non-bearing vines only)

Various registered products containing alpha-cypermethrin (100g/L).

100mL/100L Non-bearing vines only.

NM

Monitor young vines during spring and early summer and apply at the first signs of leaf damage. Spray leaves, canes and soil around each vine to a diameter of 30cm. 70−80mL of dilute spray should be sufficient for each vine. If pest infection persists, a second application may be required after three weeks.

Caterpillars (general)



2.5L/100L 1 NM


Apple looper (Phrissogonus laticostata)

With a change in regulations to the Health Act, products registered for use on grapes to control other moth pests can be used to control apple looper.

Vine moth (Theretra oldenlandiae)

1A insecticide methomyl Various registered products containing 225g/L methomyl

150mL/100L 7 NM

Apply when population indicates need.

Two-spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae)

10B insecticide etoxazole ParaMite 35mL/100L 21 Use no later than 21 days before harvest

See label for application details. Demonstrated to have activity against six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus).

Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor)


Beat-a-bug Concentrate 1.25L/100L 1 NM

Spray crops at the first sign of insect attack ensuring complete spray coverage of foliage. Re-apply when necessary.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/apple-looper-pest-apples-and-grapevines

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-rutherglen-bug

64



Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – foliar baiting

1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500SL Lepidex 500

125mL/16L + 320mL protein

2 NM

Apply as coarse spray to lower foliage at about weekly intervals. Commence application two weeks before crop is susceptible or as required by pest monitoring and the program of cover sprays. Heavy rain may necessitate reapplication.

5 insecticide spinosad*** Eco-Naturalure fruit fly bait concentrate

1L/ha N/R NM

Refer to label for more information.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – protein baits

Yeast autolysate Bugs for Bugs Fruit Fly lure NATFLAV 500 Fruit Fly lure

2L protein/ 100L water and

insecticide. Add protein first

N/A NM

Yeast hydrolysate Flavex

Cera Bait

2L protein/ 100L water and

insecticide. Add protein first

Refer to insecticide labels for details and restrictions on mixing and applying protein baits and insecticides.

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – cover spray

1B insecticide maldison Fyfanon 440 EW 140 - 230mL/100L 3 NM

Do not exceed four applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of seven days.

1B insecticide trichlorfon Dipterex 500 Lepidex 500

250mL/100L 2 Table grapes only.

Table grapes only. PER12439 expires 31 May 2021. Do not exceed six applications per crop per season with a minimum re-treatment interval of seven days.

4A insecticide clothianidin Samurai 40g/100L 7 Table grapes only.

Apply three consecutive foliar sprays seven days apart when monitoring indicates fruit fly activity. Refer to label for notes on complimentary management practices and impact on bees.

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/fruit/mediterranean-fruit-fly



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Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) – post harvest

1B insecticide dimethoate Various registered products containing dimethoate (400g/L)

75mL/100L N/R NM

Post-harvest foliar and/or ground cover spray. APVMA permit PER13859 expires 31 July 2024. Do not treat any host plants until after final harvest. Do not apply more than two applications per host crop following harvest. Produce treated under this permit must not be harvested, collected or supplied for human or animal consumption.


66

Herbicides

Knockdown herbicides

Knockdown herbicides control established weeds only. They may have contact, trans laminar, partially systemic or systemic activity. Ensure

product is registered for application to targeted weed species in Western Australia prior to use.

*** Organic production – under ‘Active ingredient’ heading – active ingredient permitted. Some trade name formulations may be prohibited due to

the inclusion of certain inerts / inactives. Contact relevant organic certification organisation for specific details and restrictions.

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Certain grass weeds

A fluazifop-p as butyl ester Various registered products containing fluazifop-p as butyl ester as the only active constituent.

Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.

Apply at not less than 200L/ha. Direct spray to base of vine. The addition of an adjuvant is recommended. Withholding period of four weeks applies.

A quizalofop-P-ethyl Agvantage QPE 100 EC

Elantra Xtreme

QPE 200

Quinella Upgrade

Quiza PE 200

65−125mL/100L

quizalofop-P-ethyl Various registered products containing quizalofop-P-ethyl as the only active constituent.

50-250mL/ha

quizalofop-P-tefuryl Pantera 125−250mL/100L

Check labels for correct rate. Apply when weeds are growing actively. Thoroughly wet target weeds (especially well established clumps) without causing run- off. Repeated sprays may be necessary for perennial grasses.

67

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Annual and perennial grass weeds

A haloxyfop-P methyl ester Various registered products containing haloxyfop-P-methyl ester as the only active constituent.

0.115−0.8L/ha

haloxyfop-R methyl ester Asset 0.8−3.2L/ha

Knockdown herbicide. Check label for optimal rates of application for target grass species. Spray should be directed to base of vine avoiding contact with fruit and foliage.

Broadleaf weeds

C+F bromoxynil + diflufenican Various registered products containing bromoxynil + diflufenican as the only active constituents.

Rates vary with target weed species, refer to label.

Registered for use in cover crops in vineyards. Apply during vine dormancy only. Contact with vines must be avoided. Particular care must be taken if applied in late autumn or early spring when vines may not be fully dormant. Withholding periods apply for livestock grazing.

Broadleaf weeds and control of unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk

G carfentrazone-ethyl Various registered products containing carfentrazone-ethyl as the only active constituent.

Rates vary with situation and application method. Refer to label.

Broadleaf weeds Post-emergent herbicide to be added to knockdown herbicides to improve control of certain broadleaf weeds. Apply only as a tank mix with recommended rates and brands of knockdown herbicides.

Unwanted suckers (water shoots) arising from main stem or trunk. Apply to suckers less than 300mm long, before any lignification is present. Read label carefully for further details and restrictions on use due to vine age.

68

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Kikuyu and couch grass

J 2,2-DPA as sodium salt Atlapon

Dalapon 740 SP

10 kg/ha

Vines must be at least four years old. Apply direct spray into vine row. Do not exceed 10kg/ha per year. Half rate at 10 to 14 day intervals will improve weed control and minimise risk to vines. Do not allow applications to contact green tissue and buds of vines.

Wide range of grasses and some broadleaf weeds

L paraquat Various registered products containing paraquat ashe only

active constituent.

1.2-3.2L/ha

Spray as necessary for control of annual weeds. Avoid contacting crop foliage.

L and Q paraquat + amitrole Alliance

Paraglide

Para-Trooper

1.2-4L/ha

1.6-3.2L/ha

1.2-2.4L/ sprayed ha

Recommended that vines are at least three years old. Refer to label for details.

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

L paraquat + diquat Various registered products containing paraquat + diquat as the only active constituents.

2.4−3.2L/ha

Thoroughly wet plant foliage. Use higher rate for dense more established weed growth.

Capeweed

L diquat dibromide Various registered products containing diquat dibromide as the only active constituent.

Refer to label rates.

Check label for direction on additives for effective treatment.

69

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Broad range of annual and perennial weeds

M glyphosate as ammonium salt Bazooka 800 SG

Bazooka Dry 800

Glyphosate 800


Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. It is recommended that these products not be used on vines younger than three years old unless shielded. Check label.

M glyphosate as isopropylamine salt (ipa)

Various registered products containing glyphosate-ipa as the only active constituent.


Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit.

It is recommended that some products not be used on vines younger than three years, check label.

M glyphosate asmono-ammonium

salt (mas)

Various registered products containing glyphosate-mas as the only active constituent.


glyphosate-ipa + mas Banish 360 Sync

Credit Broadhectare

Weedmaster Duo

Non-selective herbicide. Do not allow spray to contact vines. Do not allow spray or spray drift to contact green bark or stems, canes, laterals, suckers, fresh wounds, buds, foliage or fruit. Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed species. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product.

Some products may be used prior to establishment. Application restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing of application. Note: product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

70

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Broad range of annual and perennial weeds (cont…)

M glyphosate-ipa + potassium salt Weedmaster Argo

Accensi Glyphosate 600


glyphosate – potassium salt Various registered products containing glyphosate as potassium salt as the only active constituent.

glyphosate – potassium salt + mas Roundup Dual Salt Technology Weedmaster DST

glyphosate mas + acid Bazooka Dry 800 SG Glyphosate 900

glyphosate – mea Clearup 450 SL

Clearup Bio 360 SL Growler M Smart Gone 450 Wipe-Out Plus Eradicator PRO 450 ClearUp 450 SL

M+G glyphosate – ipa + carfentrazone ethyl

Broadway

Rate varies considerably depending on the product, application method and targeted weed. Refer to additional comments on label of selected product. Some products may be used prior to establishment. Restrictions may apply depending on vine age and timing.

Product registration may vary depending on targeted weed species.

71

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Broad range of annual and perennial weeds (cont…)

N glufosinate-ammonium Various registered products containing glufosinate-ammonium as the only active constituent

1−5L/ha

Apply as a directed or shielded spray. Avoid contact with green or un-calloused bark. The recommended rate is determined by weed species, stage of growth, density and climatic conditions.

Broadleaf weeds and grasses

Q amitrole + ammonium thiocyanate AGGRAV8

Amitat

Amitrole 250

Amitrole 47T

Amitrole T

Amon

Rates vary with brand and target weed species. Refer to label.

F + M amitrole + glyphosate as ipa +

ammonium thiocyanate

Illico Non-Selective 6-12L/Ha

Apply when weeds are small and actively growing. Repeat application in six−eight weeks. Apply as directed spray to weeds only.

Q+L amitrole + paraquat dichloride Alliance

Para-Trooper

Rates vary with spray application method. Refer to label.

Registered for use with established grapevines (minimum three years-old). Spray young weeds during late winter to spring–summer as required.

Unspecified pine oil*** BioWeed Rates vary with target weed species. Refer to label.

Do not allow spray to contact crop plants.

72

Resistant group

Active ingredient

Trade names

Rate

Young annual and perennial weeds and grasses

Unspecified nonanoic acid Slasher Mix 7L per 100L water. Apply 900 - 1400L spray per ha

Apply at early vegetative stage of weeds. Best results are obtained a four-eight leaf stage when weed canopy is less than 15cm in

height. Established weeds may require more than one application. Repeat spray after seven days if required.

Spray over all weed foliage to ensure full foliage penetration and coverage.

Residual herbicides

Residual or pre-emergence herbicides control germinating weed seeds before they emerge, some can be effective up to the two-leaf

stage. Control relies on a chemical barrier in the surface of the soil. Note: ensure product is registered for application to targeted weed

species in Western Australia prior to use.

Resistant

group

Active ingredient Trade names Rate

Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses

C simazine Various registered products containing simazine as the only active constituent.

Rates vary depending on product. Refer to label.

For use on vines that have been established for a minimum period (check label for details).

In the first year of use, split applications may be preferred. Rate may vary with soil type. Use lowest rate on sandy alkaline soils.

The same product name may differ in chemical application rate.

73

Resistant

group


Annual broadleaf weeds and grasses (cont…)

D pendimethalin Cronos 440EC Panda 435

Panida Grandé

Pendimethalin 435

Rifle 440 Romper 440EC Stomp 440

6.7−9L/ha

Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. For best results, apply to soil free of weeds, surface litter and clods. Requires a minimum amount of rain/irrigation soon after application or weed control may be reduced.

D pendimethalin Charger 330 EC

Cyclone 330 EC

Fist 330

Ipimethalin 330

Pendant

Pendimethalin 330

Pendimethalin 330 EC

Pendi 330

Rifle 330

9−12L/ha

Panida Max 6.23−8.33L/ha

Do not apply to grapevines after budswell. Products can affect emergence and growth of certain cover crops if sown into treatment band within 12 months of application (check label for recommendations). Use the higher rate on medium to heavy textured soils and lower rate on light textured soils. Use a directed spray avoiding spray contact with green bark, fruit and foliage.

D pendimethalin Pendimethex 5-6L/ha

Apply to dormant grapevines before buds start to swell. Apply as a bare ground treatment. On established plantings, where simazine safety has been proven, simazine may be added as a tank mix at recommended rates. May be used around one year old vines. Avoid spray contact with green bark or drift on to green buds or foliage. May be mixed with knockdown herbicides if small weeds are present but should otherwise be applied to bare earth. Irrigation or rain should follow within10 days of application or weed control may be reduced.

74

Resistant

group


Grasses and broadleaf weeds

D oryzalin Cameo 500

Oryzalin 500 Sharp Shooter 500 SC Surflan 500

4.5−9.5L/ha

oryzalin Prolan 500

Stonewall

4.5−9.9L/ha

Vineyards on medium loam or heavier soil types, heavily infested with crab grass may be sprayed with the higher chemical rate. Refer to label for specific critical comments for use in Western Australia.

D trifluralin Various registered products containing trifluralin as the only active constituent.


Application rate varies with soil type. Apply to new planting during pre-plant cultivation. Apply to established crops in spring after weeds and green manure crop have been ploughed into ground. Refer to label for suitable method of incorporation.

F norflurazon Zoliar DF

Zoliar 800 DF

1.25−5kg/ha

Not recommended for grapes grown in sand or loamy sand soils with less than 1% organic matter and pH greater than 7.5 as veinal chlorosis may occur.

75

Resistant

group


Certain grasses and broadleaf weeds

G oxyfluorfen Various registered products containing oxyfluorfen as the only active constituent.


Do not apply once budswell has occurred. Apply during dormancy on vineyards where vines are older than three years. Use the higher rate when longer residual control is required (up to four months).

Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

G Flumioxazin Chateau Herbicide 560-700g/ha treated

Needs at least 15 mm of irrigation or rain to activate, and therefore should be applied during the main rainfall period. Avoid direct or indirect spray contact to foliage and green bark (non-barked vines, with the exception of undesirable suckers).

O dichlobenil Casoron G

Sierraron G

60−90kg/ha treated

Spread the granules evenly over the soil of the area to be treated. Remove existing weeds by hand, desiccation or cultivation. Use higher rate on heavier soils.

Certain broadleaf weeds

O isoxaben Gallery 750 375−750g/ha treated

Use higher rate where weed pressure is high or where longer residual activity is required. Must be activated by at least 12.5mm rainfall or sprinkler irrigation within 21 days of application.

76

Plant growth regulators (PGR’s)

** Rate – Please refer to product labels as rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety.


Active ingredient

Trade names Rate** Withholding period (days)

Comments

To promote uniform colouring of certain varieties of table grapes

ethephon Ethephon 480

Promote® 720

Ethrel®

Rates vary depending upon crop, percentage active ingredient and variety.

Check product label carefully.

14 Apply when 5−30% of berries are coloured. Use higher rates to maximise colouring effects required. Ensure thorough coverage of bunches, although the foliage need not be completely covered.

Best results are achieved with a uniform application of fine droplets under calm conditions.

ethephon:

− may reduce firmness of grapes. Do not use on grapes intended for long-term cool storage.

− may be less effective on some varieties in seasons where extreme heat waves occur.

S-Abscisic Acid

ProTone® SG N/R Use only as directed. Read the label thoroughly and make sure it is understood before making applications of ProTone® SG.

To promote increased berry size in certain varieties of table grapes

forchlorfenu-ron

Sitofex®

10EC

Ambitious

CPPU 10

Prestige® 10EC

50–100mL/100L water

N/R It is sufficient to spray the fruit only as forchlorfenuron is not translocated from leaves to fruit.

Good berry thinning is essential when using Sitofex®. Gibberellic acid (GA3) thinning sprays should be applied as recommended for each variety. Maximum berry size is obtained when forchlorfenuron is mixed with a GA3 sizing spray.

Forchlorfenuron can produce poor colour development and off flavours with some varieties in some seasons.

77

Active ingredient


Comments

To promote desirable harvest effects to certain varieties of table grapes

gibberellic acid

Bloomfresh GA

Adama Gibberellic Acid

Gala™ Imtrade

Gibber ProGibb®

GA ProGibb® SG

Stretch P200™

Rates vary depending upon percentage active ingredient and variety. Check product label carefully.

Follow label instructions on the use of a wetting agent.

N/R Times of application vary, depending on variety. Check product label

carefully. Do not apply to vines under pest, nutritional or water stress.

Do not apply when there is insufficient soil moisture to support rapid plant growth.

Do not exceed recommended rates of wetting agent as russeting (berry scarring) may occur.

Thorough coverage of bunches is essential.

Contact your local agronomist or Agriculture and Food at the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development for further information.

78

Active ingredient


Comments

To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes

cyanamide Dormex® Table grapes

3-5L/100L water Wine grapes

2-3L/100L water

N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Dormex®.

Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst will usually occur 30-35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application, it could occur 14-21 days later.

Note:

1. New shoots may be damaged by frost if Dormex® is applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop.

2. Applying Dormex® close to budburst may have phytotoxic effects and delay budburst.

3. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent, such as ‘Shirwet’ 600 Spray Activator Wetting and Spreading Agent at a rate of 50mL/100L of spray solution, is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

Cyan™ 3-5L/100L water N/R Do not apply after natural budburst has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application.

Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons, using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later.

Note:

1. New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop.

2. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

79

Active ingredient


Comments

To promote even and/or early budburst and uniformity in table grapes and even budburst and uniformity in wine grapes (cont…)

cyanamide Duomax HC520 Table grapes

3-5 L/100L water

Wine grapes

2-3L/100L water

N/R Do not apply after natural bud-break has commenced. Do not use winter oil before or after application of Duomax HC520.

Apply to dormant spurs, canes or cordons using sufficient spray volume to ensure thorough coverage of all buds. Budburst is usually 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later.

Bud break will usually occur 30−35 days later, although if warm conditions occur after application it could occur 14-21 days later.

Note:

1. New shoots may be damaged by frost. If applied earlier than 35 days before natural budburst, low temperatures at flowering may reduce fruit set. Lower dose rates should be used when there has been a cold winter to naturally chill the crop.

2. The addition of a non-ionic wetting agent, such as MacPhersons Wetter 600 or “Agral” Spray Activator and Spreading Agent-at a rate of 50ml/100L of spray solution, is recommended to ensure thorough wetting of the vines.

For initiation of dormancy break in wine grapes (Pinot Noir only)

methyl

esters of

fatty acids

Waiken™ 4L/100L water N/R To advance budburst

Apply 35-50 days before natural budburst would normally occur.

To delay budburst

Apply from 20 days before natural budburst, up to the time of green tip.

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Active ingredient


Comments

To assist with promotion of colour, bunch uniformity, rachis stretch, and stimulate root branching

cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, naturally chelated trace minerals, and proteins in organic form

Acadian® SSE Stimplex®

750g/ha 2.5L/ha

N/R For root growth:

Apply at E-L 9.

For rachis stretch: Apply at E-L 12 & 10-14 days later.

For size uniformity and colour: Apply at E-L 27 & 35.

For carbohydrate accumulation:

Apply at E-L 41.

To increase berry set and yield in wine grapes

chlormequat (present as chlormequat chloride)

Full Bloom Flower Enhancer

30-

200mL/100L

refer to label

for varietal

rates

N/R Timing depends on variety (refer to label).

The addition of a non-ionic wetter is recommended.

Do NOT apply to plants under stress.

Do NOT water over the top of plants for 24hrs after

application. Not recommended for use on grapes destined for

export wines.

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Example of a spray diary

Date Block Variety Growth stage

Target pest Registered

product

Product rate Water rate

/ha

Comments (e.g. temperature, rainfall, wind direction and speed, tractor

speed, operator …) /ha /100L

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Grape pest monitoring and treatment calendar

Not all these pests will occur in your vineyard.

This is a guide only. The status of each pest varies across grape growing regions; monitor to avoid unnecessary or poorly timed sprays. Check specific recommendations under the Vineyard spray option tables (Section 11), particularly for chemicals used in disease control on wine grapes to avoid unwanted residues.

Diseases

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Pests

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Modified E-L system for grapevine growth stages

2017/2018 viticulture spray guide - agric.wa.gov.au spray guide... · viticulture spray guide...

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