2018 2015...2015 2018 6 nga ai rai yang, ni htum ai mayu ni hte amyu rusai bung ai ni kaw ahkang...

2018 Volume IV, No. I Established 2015.

1Hparat Pangla i Journal

Established 2015. Volume IV, No. I 2018

2 Hparat Pangla i Journal

AdvisersDr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D, Shinawatra University, Bangkok)Wang Hkang AwngEditor-in-ChiefB.D. MaranManaging EditorKareng Tu JaDeputy EditorDumsa Lawt Awng

Foreign CorrespondenceStella @ A Naw (Chiangmai)Nnau Brang Nan (Innau, Ap, India)

Computer SectionSumlut Roi SengSumlut Bawk HkawnLayout hte DesignGumring Zau Mai (Tanghpre)Website MasterHkangda Brang San Awng (California) Manager forFinance and DistributionHkangda Hkam NyoiColumnistsAll staff members of HPLNContact InformationHparat Panglai Laika NauraLawk - V, Munglai Mazup,Laiza Mare, KachinlandEmail : [email protected] : www.h-panglai.com

Hparat Panglai Journal hpe laning mi htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai.

4 Anhte A Kraw Dung Len Ningli (Kachin Concept) Hkawp Pungwa

5 Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyusha Ni A Manu Dan Ai Htunghking Ni (Maran La Mai)

7 Kawq-lakai Re Ai Pungga Ja Li A Prat Ndai (Nding Tawng Ra)

18 Gindon Post hpe Amying Shingteng Jaw Wa Ai Lam (Pawn San Grawng)

20 Labau Hpe Ahprun, Bungli Hpe Matsun [Aon Ddu (MJ)]

23 Hpaji Byeng-Ya Hte Daini Na Ramma. (Shagawng Brang)

26 Karai Kasang Jaw Da Ai Mungdan Hpe Hpapla Myit Ni? (Naga Wondin)

30 မးေကာငးသ သ႔ခရးသြားမတတမး (Latau Seng Awng)

34 Myit Hkrum Gahkyin Gumdin Let Pandung Du Hkra Sa (Wunpawng Pahtau)

35 The Traditional Landholding System Among The Kachin People (Nmaw Hpung Kam)



MALAWM NI



Hparat Panglai Journal hpe 2015 July shata kaw nna Hparat Panglai Laika

Naura hta galaw shapraw hpang dat lu ai majaw, Hpan Ningsang Chye Ningchyang Karai a chyeju hpe nachying wa shaka-wn nga ga ai. Shata lahkawng hta kalang, laning mi hta kru lang ding-yang galaw shapraw ga ai. Journal a hkrang hpe shilai-ka pa kaba hkrang hku galaw shapraw ga ai. Hparat Panglai Journal hpe Vol. I kaw nna Vol. IV de galaw du nga saga ai. Hparat Panglai Journal hkrung grin nga lu hkra, shakut shaja apnawng garum shanglawm nga ai Editor Hpung myit-su salang hpaji ninghkring ni, Laika Ningka Sara, Saranum ni, n-gun atsam, hpaji, jag-umhpraw hte kaga masa amyu myu hku nna shanglawm garum nga ai ni, Laika hti n-gun jaw madi shadaw hpaji jaw nga ai laika hti shawa ni, Media hpung ni, Chye-ju dum ging ai Nu, Wa myit-su du salang ni yawng hte hpe nachying wa chyeju dum hkungga la-ra masat masa galaw nga ga ai. Kachyin amyusha ni rawt jat galu kaba wa lu na matu Laili Laika, Aga, Htunghking hte kaga masa lam ni hkrung grin rawt jat galu kaba wa ra nga ga ai. Daini na ten hta Myen mung Shadip Mag-am Uphkang kata, Myen amyusha Laika, Aga ni hpe wanglu wanglang sharin, tsun shaga lu na ahkaw ahkang hpring tup lu nga ai. Myen mungh ting myen laika, aga gaw ka-up kau nga sai. Kaga amyu bawsa-ng ni yawng gaw ahkaw ahkang tat sum hkrat sum hkrum nga ga ai hta, Kachin amyusha ni gaw grau sawng ai zawn byin nga ga ai. Tinang aga, laika, htunghking,

labau hte kaga masa lam amyu myu, jawng lung jawng sa, jawng htawt ai lam ni yawng hta pat hkum shingdang hkrum nga ai. Dai majaw, daini na ramma ni hte ma ni hta tinang aga, laika, htunghking, labau hte kaga lam amyu myu hta n chye mat wa ai grai law wa nga saga ai. Myen Shadip Magam a amyu shamyit masing galaw ai kaw hkrum sha nga ga ai. Ndai mabyin mayak lam ni hta na lawt lu na matu, Hparat Panglai Journal hku nna mung, jut shara mi hta အပတစခပ သတစပြင Kachin amyusha ni hpe ninghtoi shanan tai ya lu na myit mada yawshada let, shakut shaja nga ga ai. Laika hti shawa kanu kawa myit-su ni a n-gun jaw hpaji jaw garum madi shadaw ai lam ni hpe mung hkam la lu ga ai majaw kabu chyeju dum n-gun lu nga ga ai. Hparat Panglai Journal hpe mazing tawn da mayu ai hte mazing tawn da grau manu hkra, Journal laika pa hkrang hpe laikabuk kaji hkrang hku gram galai shai galaw ya na hpe hpyi shawn ai ni nga ai. Dai majaw, Hparat Panglai Journal laika hkrang hpe laik-abuk kaji hkrang hku bai gram galaw sa wa ai lam rai sai. Kachin amyusha ni hkumdingnum bawng-ring rat jat galu kaba madang tsaw wa lu hkra, lam magup hku nna Hparat Panglai Journal hpe hpaji jaw, n-gun jaw matut n di ta gindun sa wa na hpe myit mada kam hpa nga ga ai. Chyeju dum ging ai ni yawng mayawng hpe tau chyeju dum let.☐

Editor Hpung

Editorial Mahkuh



Kachin concept ngu ai hpe, KRAW DUNG LEN NINGLI ngu htai la nngai. Ndai gaw anhte ni a danhkung (property) rai nga ai.Chyeju madu Sara kaba Dr. Ola Hanson gaw, Jinghpaw Laika, Chyoi Pra Ai Chyum mungga ni hte nawku daw jau mahkawn mangwi ni hpe ka shalat ai shaloi, Kachin concept hpe manu mana hkaja nna, ka gale ai lam hpe, chye lu ai.

,I. Sakse Sakkan Ni 1. Holy Holy Holy ngu ai hpe san seng san seng san seng ngu n gale ai.Chyoi pra chyoi pra chyoi pra ngu ka ai. (Chyoi pra ai gaw san seng ngu ai ga hkaw hta grau lachyum rawng manu dan ai. Myen ga hte; သန႔ရငး သန႔ရငး သန႔ရငး ngu mahkawn ai. (Hymn No. 7)2. Prophet ngu ai hpe, Myihtoi ngu ka ai. Myen ga hte myihtoi ngu tsun ai ga n nga ai majaw, ပေရာဖတ ngu tsun ai rai. (Myih-toi Laika = ပေရာဖတစာေစာင)3. Rock = ေကာကစာ ngu ai hpe Lungh-krung ngu gale ai. Lunghkrung ngu ai gaw ngang grin ai, shamu shamawt ai lam n nga ai hpe shaleng ai. Lungrawk ngu ai gaw hkalik hkarawk mazawk marawk re ai hpe tsun ai. (Hymn NO. 104)4. The Psalms hpe Shakawn Kungdawn Laika, Ecclesiates hpe Hpaji Ningli Lai-ka.... ngu ka ai ni gaw, sakse ni rai nga mali ai. (Kaga lawnglam ni mung law law nga ai rai.)

Anhte a KRAW DUNG LEN NINGLI(Kachin Concept)Hkawp Pungwa10.1.2018

II. Anhte Ni Nan Chye Ra Ai Kraw Dung Len Ningli Ni Kraw dung len ningli n chye yang, Jing-hpaw laika hti yak ai. Hti yak ai ngu nna, Jinghpaw laika hti ai masha yawm wa ai. Masha a akyang lailen kap wa ai.Grau nna, mungga htawn ai lam, laika ka gale ai lam ni hta dumhprut wa ai. Dai lawnglam ni hpe shading sharai lu na matu yawshada let tang madun nngai law.1. Lamuga man mali hpe anhte gaw; dingdung, dingda, sinpraw sinna (snr) sin-praw, sinna, dingdung dingda ngu tsun ga ai. Anhte ni gaw dingda ngu ai hte hpung-dim dat tsun ai. Myen ga hte gaw ေျမာက = dingdung ngu ai hte hpungdim ai. (lata hte hkrang shala nna galaw yu)2. Anhte ni gaw, kawa awn ai dinghku re. (ဖသားစ) Shanhte ni gaw (မသားစ - Kanu awn ai dinghku re ai hpe chye mai nga ai.3. Anhte gaw yi la masa tsun shaga ai. Myen a htung gaw la yi masa re. Ga shadawn: num la = ကား၊မ, su yi su la = ႏြားထး၊ႏြားမ ngu ai. Uyi Ula = ၾကကဖ၊ၾကကမ၊ labu palawng = အကၤ ၊လခည ngu ai rai. Ingalik ni gaw- laika si n law ai hpe shawng kaw tawn, law ai hpe hpang kaw tawnnna, tsun shaga ai rai.Ga shadawn Sula suyi = ox and cow, uyi ula - hen and cock, lady and gentle, male and female ngu ma ai. Laika si maren re ai; mother and father ngu ai ni hpe chyawm gaw, father and mother (snr) mother and father ngu ai. Anhte ni gaw: anu yan awa ngu ai. Myen ga hte gaw ေဖေဖ၊ေမေမ၊ ngu ai.Kraw dung len ningli hpe n tat, n shamat ga ngu ga saw nngai law.



KANAN Kanan ngu ai gaw;- - Laika maisau pa shing n rai sumla lama ma hpe mi na raw mi na ta dip la shakap la lu ai shingna hpe ngu ai rai nga ai.- Bai, tang shawn tang shana ai laika ni hpe, chye ging chye mai ai ni de shagun ndau shana ai laika ni hpe mung ngu ai.

Hpan Madu Karai Kasanq A Kanan Chyum mungga hta shadan shaleng ai Kanan a lam hpe jawm sumruyu ga1. * NN 1:27 - Shingrai Karai Kasang gaw shi a hkrang sumla hte maren shin-ggyim masha hpe hpan da wu ai.2. * Shk 82:6 - Ngai gaw, Karai a

Daw ni hte, Tsaw htum ai wa a kasha ni, rai nga myit dai, nga nna, tsun ni ai.3. * Yawhan 10:34 - Shaloi Yesu gaw, Nanhte Karai Daw ni rai nga myit dai, ngu nna ngai tsun made ai.4. * II Kor 3:3 - Tsi hte n re ai sha, hkrung nga ai Karai Kasang a wenyi hte, bai, lungpa hte mung n re ai sha, hkum shan a kraw lawang e ka da ai, Hkritu a laika nan nanhte rai nga myit dai gaw, dan dan leng leng rai nga ai.5. * Hebre 8:5 - Shanhte gaw sumsing lamu na arai ni a kanan hte shingna hpe sha, daw jau ma ai.6. * Kolo 3:10 - Hpan tawn da ai wa a hkrang bung sumla hte maren rai nga ai.(similarity = ) ☐

JINGHPAW WUNPAWNG AMYUSHA NI A MANU DAN AI HTUNGHKING NI

Maran La MaiShawng nah matut-

1. Ja Hpaga Lang Ai Htunghking A Lam(1) Num hpyi wawn yang lang ai hpu ja hpaga(2) Kahpu kanau makyit mahkai la ai ja hpaga(3) Ru hka hkrum yang hka daw ai ja hpaga(4) Shada htingram yang lahkawng maga shaw ai ja hpagaHpu ja hpaga ni galoi gara aten ban prat kaw nna lang hpang wa ai kaning re lam ni a majaw lang wa ai hpe n ka sana re. Dai ja hpaga ni lang ai majaw akyu hkam sha ai hpe sha ka sana re.(1) Num hpyi Wawn yang bang ai hpu ja hpaga ni Buga ginra hta hkan nna n bung hkat nga ai. Raitim anhte Wunpawng amyusha

ni gaw kaga amyu masha ni hte n bung ai mayu shayi sha hpe sa hpyi wawn ai shaloi grai jahpu shareng hkungga la ra ga ai. Moi prat de mayu n daw n ang ai hpe n la ma ai. Raiti-mung mayu dama ngu ai gaw hkrang chyasi gaw n re. Tinang hte n mai tawt lai ai nta dingh-ku na hpe gaw n mai la ai. Shada da shachyen shaga hkat na grai yak wa ai baw re. Shadang sha ni num la kundinghku de na aten du wa jang, Mayu dingsa kaw shawng nnan Num La na a hkang hpyi ra ai. Mayu dingsa majing ni hte tsan gang



nga ai rai yang, ni htum ai Mayu ni hte amyu rusai bung ai ni kaw ahkang hpyi la mai nga ai. Mayu dingsa ni kawn ahkang n jaw yang, mayu nnan n mai tam ai htung masa rai nga ai. Shanhte Mayu dingsa ni hpe kade daram hkungga ai lam hpe ma-dun ai kumla rai nga ai. Moi gaw kanam makyin hpe matut nna la ra ai htung mung nga lai wa sai. Ya prat hta gaw kanam makyin hpe n la n mai gaw n rai mat sai. Raitimung num la na rai jang, Mayu dingsa kaw num la ahkang hpyi ai gaw naw lang ra nga ga ai. Dai gaw Mayu hpe hkungga ai lam, shanhte a asai lawm nga ai hpe myit dum ai lam re. Shanhte kawn mayat maya galu kaba wa ai hpe chyeju dum ai, matut nna chyeju manggala hpyi la ai lam mung rai nga ai (Num wawn Num la yang bang ai Ja hpaga mying ni hpe laksan shapraw na).(2) Kahpu Kanau makyit mah-kai la ai Ja hpaga. Ndai Ja hpaga mung grai manu dan ai htunghking lailen re. Shawng de tsasam zawn hpu nau n daw hkat ai raitim, ja hpa-ga hte makyit mahkai la ai shani kaw nna gaw, Kahpu Kanau majing zawn tai wa sai. Tinang hte amyu rusai bung ai dum nta masha ni hte, ja hpaga shaw nna kahpu kanau makyit mahkai la ai lam galaw ai. Num wawn num la ja hpaga bang karum ai hku nna mai matut mahkai la ai. Ru hka hkrum wa yang hka wa karum ai hku nna mai matut mahkai la ai. Kaga Buga de n-gaw htawt yang tinang hte Kahpu Kanau chyaw chyaw re ai ni hte tsan gang ai shara hta grau nna galaw ra ai lam rai nga ai.

(3) Ru Hka hkrum wa yang hka wa ai ja hpaga Hka hkrum ai shaloi dai hka sha-byin ai wa gaw ja gumhpraw arung arai dusat yamnga ni jaw ra ai. Dai hpe hka wa ai nga ma ai. Hka hkrum ai lam ni n bung nga ai. Byin ai hta hkan nna, hka daw ai lam law ai n law ai lam shai nga ai. Anhte a Jiwoi ni lang hkrat wa ai hka daw ai, shawa ai lam gaw, grai si-mani ai hte madang tsaw ai hpe mu lu ai. Dai majaw English Shadip Magam pyi gaw anhte amyusha ni a Tara Jeyang ai lam hpe matut nna lang shangun ai re. Kaning re hka kaba hkrum tim “Si Ari” ngu ai hpe n lang ai hpe mu lu na re. Ja gumhpraw, arung arai, dusat yamnga ni jaw nna, shada da shangwi shapyaw hkat ai hpe mu lu nga ai. Tinang hkrai n dang wa jang, makyin

jinghku mayu dauma ni jawm karum shingtau la nna hka jawm wa kau ya nga ai.(4) Shada da htingram hkat yang manghkang byin ai yan lahkawng maga shaw ai ja hpaga. Manghkang hpe hparan ai shaloi Salang ni lawm nna daw-dan shangut ya ra ai. Dai Salang ni dawdan ya ai hte maren, hka wa ra ai wa jaw ang ai jaw kau ngut ai hpang, manghkang byin ai lahkawng maga kaw na ja hpaga shaw ra ma ai. Dai hpe sakse (or) mungga makai ngu ai re. Salang ni gaw dai shani dung lawm ai ni yawng hpe mungga sakse hku nna garan jaw ma ai. Bai manghkang rawng ai yan mung ja hpaga galai nna shang-wi shapyaw hkat ma ai. Ya prat hta gumhpraw shaw nna sakse shatai ma ai. ☐Hpang na lang bai matut na-



Kawq-lakai re ai PUNGGA JA LI a prat ndaiNding Tawng Ra

SHACHYEN YA AI LAM

Ndai laika buk gaw, Pungga Ja Li a labau n re; Shi a asak hkrung ai hkrunlam kaw hkrit tsang hpa manghkang ni, sharin la mai ai baw hpaji ni, mani hpa mahkrum mad-up ni hpe ka da ai sha re. Laika buk a mying hpe “Kawqlkai re ai Pungga Ja Li” ngu nna, shakap da ai, “Kawqlakai” ngu ai gaw, n-gun kya ai, n tai n mai re ai, n jin n ngut ai, matsan mayan re ai raitim, bungli hpe n dang n laq re, n hkam kaja let, n chye n chyang ai myit jasat hte asak ugut gu wa ai shani du hkra shakut galaw ai hpe tsun mayu ai. Shi a mahkrum madup ni gaw, mai kaja ai mahkrum madup ni nga ai zawn, asak de hkra wa mai ai baw mahkrum madup mung law law nga ai. Sharin la mai ai baw hpaji mahkrun mung law law nga na re. Shi gaw asak (70) jan du hkra tsi n sha ai lani mi mung n shalai kau ai wa re ai. Dai majaw prat tup machyi ai wa re ngu tsun mai ai. Lusha hpe tsun ga nga yang, Ushan sha sha ai; waqshan, ngashan, Ngashan n sha ai. Ngachyu, namsi, muk, majap, namlaw nam-lap mu ai baw hpa mung n mai sha ai wa re. Rau ram manang ni hta n-gun kya dik, atsam n nga dik ai wa re.

Shangai wa ai lam Mali Nmai Walawng Sinpraw maga Hpungmai hkaq a hkaq kau, Dumbau bum lagaw Jase yan Jawa lapran na Pungga ga a kahtawng langai mi rai nga ai tingkaw ga

ngu ai kahtawng kaw kawa Pungga Ja Tang hte kanu Hkazang Hro Naw yan a kasha alat rai nna, 1944 ning March, 2 ya shana de hkying 6 daram hta shangai wa sai. Shangai ai nhtoi hpe kawoi dwi Hrangkum Hkawng Naw tsun ai hku rai yang 1942 ning hta ang ai. Kawa pungga Ja Tang matsing aihku rai yang 1944 ning hta ang ai. Ndai ninghtoi lahkawng hta

na kawoi dwi tsun ai gaw yi ni hpe hti ai rai nna, yi hti shut jang shut mat chye ai. Kawa Pungga Ja Tang gaw Sadung bum kaw tsang 4 du hkra lung yu sai rai nna, shata hti laika hku re ai majaw grau teng mai ai ngu hkap la ai lam re. Raitimung shangai nhtoi hte seng nna n matsing lu ai. Asak 10 ning du ai shaloi kawoi dwi tsun dan ai gaw yi hkyen ga sawq ai kaw nna nta du wa shajang ai hpang shangai ai ngu nna tsun dan ai. Shata hpe madi madun let kawoi dwi tsun ai gaw nang hpe shangai ai aten hta shata mung ya na daram sha nawq re ai ten shangai sai ngu nna tsun dan ai. Daini na shata hti laika hte shabung yu ai shaloi dai shana gaw (March 2 ya) shan ang ai majaw bai nhtang sawn la ai sha re. Shing-rai shi a shangai nhtoi gaw 1944 ning, March 2 ya shani ngu masat da ai re. Ndai shangai kahtawng gaw Pungga mare kaw na up ai Tingkaw kahtawng rai nga ai. Hpa majaw tinang Pungga mare kaw n shangai ang ai lam gaw dai aten a tara hte maren Du ni gaw Du kasha sha mai la ai ngu ai lam rai nga malu ai. Dai



Gumchying Gumsa tara gaw shinggyim ahkaw ahkang hpe grai hkra ya ai lam ni nga ai. Shing-rai mayu Hkazang ni gaw Kareng ni rai nga ma ai. Kareng ni gaw Gumchying Gumsa gumlau kau sai ni re. Dai majaw Kareng num hpe n la mayu ai rai nna, kanu yan kawa ra hkat sai hte maren Ma langai mi pyi lu hkra raitimung Pungga jan hku masat masa n galaw ai lam rai nga ai. Raitimung kanu yan kawa gaw raq hkat sai hte maren shi a kawa gaw dauma shang taw nga ai. Kagu, kamoi ni e n masat ai rai nna Ja Li gaw ninggyi sha rai nga ai. Shing-rai shi a shawng na mying mung Lhao’vo’ a htung hte maren Hro Naw a Naw Hkawng shamy-ing da ai. Dai hpang Naw Dau bai shangai wa ai. Dai shaloi gaw Ma 2 rai mat sai rai nna, masat masa galaw la ai. Naw Hkawng hpe gaw Ja Li ngu nna, mying shamying la ai. Naw Dau hpe gaw Zau Lawn ngu nna mying shamying la ai. Dai Naw Dau (shnr) Zau Lawn gaw shanglawt rawt malan wa ai shaloi Du kaba Hkun Chu a shangun ma hku (Thai) ga de yu mat wa ai. “Thai” ga kaw ( ၀ါယာလက) hpaji sa sharin la nhtawm (၀ါယာလက) Operater tai nga ai. Dai aten hta ningbaw ningla ni hkrat sum ai aten du ai rai nna, Seng Tu e chyenan laika masuq hpe ka shangun ai hkrum ai wa re. Shi hpe ka shangun ai laika gaw n teng ai re hpe shi chye timung shi gaw hpyen la sha re majaw shangun ai hpe galaw ra ai majaw galaw kau sai lam, shi Myitkyina de bai du wa ai shaloi tsun dan ai. “Thai” ga kaw byin ai manghkang kahpu Ba Ja Li kaw du wa ai shaloi yawng tsun dan sai. Nkau mi daini byin ai zawn zawn, ningnan bai shatai nna tsun nga ma ai. Pungga Ja Li gaw moi kaw nna chye da ai. Zau Lawn gaw “Thai” ga kaw magam gun nga yang tsi saranum Labyaq Lu Mai hte hkungran nna kasha Ja Ing Raw, Seng Hpa hpe lu da nna kahpu Ba kaw du wa ai. Kahpu Ba hte rau nga ai aten hta 1980 kaw n nga mat ai. Shi n nga mat ai

hpang shangai ai shadang sha hpe Naw Lai ngu nna shamying da ai. Kana kaba Ja Ing Raw gaw Nbyen Hkun Awng jan tai nga ai. Kanau Seng Hpa gaw Myitkyina ga Myen sasana kaw hpung magam gun ai. Kanau Naw Lai gaw nta kaw nga ai. Tsun lai wa sai hte maren darat, kasha n ra tim la ra mat ai rai nna hkungran poi kumba shalai ai lam mung n galaw ai.

Jahkrai hkrai mat ai prat Kanu Hro Naw gaw, kasha Ja Li 7 ning rai nna kanau Zau Lawn gaw 5 ning re ai ten hta lani mi kanu hkum n pyaw let yi shari de woi sa ai. Yi shari kaw na hkum grau n pyaw wa ai majaw rai sam ai jau jau nta de woi wa ai. Nta ndaw kaw du wa ai hte nhku de n du wa ai sha shinggan kaw daqdaq yang nep ai chyahtai chyen nep nna, jan kra let galeng taw mat ai. Kasha Ja Li hpe hka dat ya rit ngu nna tsun ai. Kasha Ja Li mung gawm kaw n re ai sha, shawng e kanu hpe machyi moi yang la da ai kawa hpe dawq la nna hka singgat kaw sa jaq nna kanu hpe jawq lu ai. Hka hpe tsan ai kaw na singgat hte jahkrat da ai majaw aloi sha ja la mai ai lam rai nga ai. Kanu hpe dinghkang dawq nna hka jaq jaw ai gaw kanu hpe hpang jahtum gawn dat ai lam rai nga ai. Kanu mung dai hka hpe lu ai gaw kasha alat e tam jaw ai hkaq hpe hpang jahtum lu kau da ai rai nga ai. Jan kra let dai kaw yup pyaw mat sai. Kasha Ja Li mung kaga Ma ni hte rau kaga shara de gasup hkawm mat ai. Dai aten gaw shani ka-ang aten daram re. Ja Li yan nau mung kaga Ma ni hte ga-sup pyaw nga yang, nta kaw sanat ajaq woi ngoi pru wa ai. Ma yan nau hpe gaw hpaw mi langai mi e kaga nta de woi mat wa ai. Tinang a nta ngu na de gaw mare ting na sanat nga manga dum kapaw ai. Ya na hte bai tsun shachyawq yu yang, shawng lam majan pa hte maren rai taw nga ai. Mare



de na salang ni, shabrang ni mung sanat hte nhtu hte rai nta nhku, nta shinggan hpung hte hpung lamami hpe shachyut marawn hkawm nga ai hpe na taw nga ai. Dai ma-sha ni gaw sanat hpe mung machyu n lawm ai sha shachyut gap ai zawn rai nga ma ai. Hpung hte hpung lamami hpe mu dat ai zawn ning maga de rai sai law kahtam mu law, gap mu law, abyen mu law nga nna shakum shadaw hkan kajawa hkan gahtam hkawm nga ma ai. Dai zawn galaw ai lam gaw nat jawq prat hta “Ndang shachyut ai” rai nga ma hka! Ja Li e hkaq jaq jaw kau da ai shi a kanu gaw nhku de gara hku shang wa ai n mu sai. Kanu gaw kraw kata de machyi rawng ai majaw agung byin nna si ai rai nga ahka! Dai Ma gaw lu shangai ai rai yang Ja Li yan Zau Lawn a kanau Ma La rai na re ahka! Dai Ma La hte shannau yan a kanu gaw dai shaloi n nga mat sai rai ahka! Shing-rai dai Ma yannu hpe mung makoi mayang ai lam hpa n galaw ai sha lupwa kawng n re ai de sa makoi kau ang masai. Ja Li shannau a kawa mung waq ngan naw re ai hte maren Sadung jawng de jawng lung sa mat wa sai. Shing-rai kanu kawa lahkawng yan n lu ai chyahkrai tai mat ai. Nhtoi shaning n matsing sai lana mi hta sha-na yup tung e kan sa mayu wa ai. Shannau shahpung nhtung dun kaw yup ma ai. Kaga kanu kawa lu ai ni gaw tinang kanu kawa hte rau gawk de yup mat ai. Kan sa mayu wa ai shaloi kadai hpe tsun dan na n nga ai rai nna shahpung chyinghka hpaw nhtawm kan sa ai. Kan sa ngut nna kanau a makau kaw nawq wa dung yang, shahpung ding-hkrep masha ganoi tup daram tsaw ai kaw nna shawng e shi kan sa ai shara de lamami gumhtawn hkrat ai nsen na dat ai. Shannau yup ai chyinghkyen pa gaw shinggan maga de matu kra nga ai rai nna langyau ni, gwi kasha ni du hkra mai yup ai shara tai nga ai. Dai chyinghkyen pa kaw gumhtawn yuq wa ai wa sa hkrat dat ai majaw shannau yup

ai de chyinghkyen matu pyi wa shamu nga ai. Ma re ai hte maren bai galeng nna yup pyaw mat sai. Jahpawt myi mu wa ai shaloi shinggan maga sa yu yang, sharaw hkang hkang taw nga ai. Shanhte a nta shahpung pe masumtsa 300 daram kaw na gaw maling rai mat sai. Dai sharaw gaw masha re ai hkrak chye nna htim ai kun? ganip ai arai lamami mu nna htim ai kun gaw n chye ai. Kadai hpe mung n wam tsun dan ai. Myit dum shagu daini du hkra hkrit ai myit sha rawng nga ai. Ninghtoi n matsing mat sai lani mi hta shi a kanu Ba Shingkawn Ja Awn gaw shi a kasha Zau Seng hte rau shannu ni marai 3 Tingkaw bu ni a yi de nai manawq (shnr) nai chyingdang sa hpyi sha na matu woi sa ai. Zau Seng gaw Ja Li hta asak kaji ai. Tingkaw bu ni a nai yi hte Pungga ga lapran kaw lai ma hka ngu ai hka wam langai mi lwi ai. Nai chyingdang manawq ten gaw mangai ningnan shang wa ai ya na September shata hkan ang ai. Lai ma hka hka wam mung ndai ten hta gaw, lai wa sai lanam zawn n kaba mat sai aten re. Raiti-mung lanam na hkaq n-gun ngam rai nna, hkaq lwi n-gun ramram nawq jaq ai ten rai nga ai. Dai hpe Ubit hkaq n-gun ngu nna shamying ma ai. Lanam ting hta e hkaq hpe rap nna lai hkawm ai masha kadai n nga ai. Raitimung ya gaw ka-ni tam lu ai ni tinang lai lu daw mahkrai kasha ni hkrai nna, lai hkawm chye ai aten rai nga ai. Shannu ni gaw garai n sa wa yang, mahk-rai nga n nga sa gawan ai shaloi mahkrai nga ai lam lu sagawn ma ai. Raitimung dai mahkrai gaw kani ya mahkrai re ai hte maren kawa tawng 3 hpe kawa kaji hte hkang kayep tawn ai mahkrai re. Lata jum na lashum n kap ai. Salang ni gaw tsap let rap lu ai. Ma ni a matu waq hkawm hkawm nna sha rap mai ai. Shing-rai kanu Ba gaw Ja Li hpe shawng de waq hkawm rap mat wa shangun nna dai hpang kaw kasha Zau



Seng hpe hkan nang shangun ai. Kanu Ba shi gaw Ma yan waq hkawm hkawm rap ai hpe hkaq kau kaw nna yu nga ai. Ja Li mahtang gaw hkaq ka-ang kaw du mat wa sai. Mahk-rai a kata maga de hkaq hpunla grai lawan ai hku lwi taw nga ai rai nna mahkrai hte hkaq hpe kalang ta mu ai majaw baw sin mat wa ang ai. Mahkrai a lawu maga de diq hkrat mat wa ai. Raitimung kawa yan hpe hkang kayep da ai kawa ngau daw kaw lu jum kau dat ai. Kanu Ba mung ngang ngang jum da u nga nna marawn ai. Mahkrai ka-ang kaw rai taw nga ai Zau Seng hpe shawng sa pawn la ai. Dai hpang mahkrai kaw noi taw nga ai Ja Li hpe bai sa pawn ai. Dai zawn rai galaw lu ai lam gaw hpang e kalang bai shalai n lu ai baw rai nga ai. Dai prat na hku tsun ga nga yang shannu ni jawjau ai gumgun nat rai nga ai Ning-yan Naw e hkye ai ngu tsun mai nga ai. Ya na hku tsun ga nga yang gaw Karai Kasang hkye la ai lam rai nga ai. Ja Li gaw dai shani kawa matu kaw n lu jum kau dat ai rai yang shi a asak 8 ning (shnr) 11 ning hte lapran kaw asak htum na hku rai sai. Ngam nga ai nta masha ni hku nna mang n lawm ai mang makoi poi galaw na lam sha nga sai. Raitim dai shani Ja Li gaw labu rawq yawng mat ai hta lai nna asak n-gaq mat ai. Shannu ni gaw hkrun lam hpe n matut hkawm ai sha Ja Li gaw labu n kap ai nam dawk nna nta de wa mat ai. Shi gaw asak 8-11 lapran kaw rai ang ai. Labu galai mung n lu ai rai nna nta du wa tim nba hpa jawng hpun nna sha shani shana nga mat ai. Nhku kaw hkawm sa ai lam mung n nga sai. Mare de pru hkawm na gaw hkum tsun sa. Labu gan galai na hpa nan n nga ai kun? kanu yan kawa lahkawng yan n nga sai Ja Li a matu kadai n myit ya ai majaw kun? bat 2 daram hpajawng hpun nna sha yup taw mat ai. Kawa a kanu kawoi dwi Shingkawn Ja Hpa hpang shani jang labu langai daq ai. Bat 2 daram nga yang she Ja Li gaw hkrit na malai labu ningnan lu ai majaw

kabu mat ai. Hpang e chye lu ai daram nga yang dai mahkrai hkrai ai wa hpe daq sang masha san nna hkan sagawn ai lam chye lu ai. Raitimung daini du hkra dai masha hpe n lu sagawn ai. Dai shani laq ma wa Ja Li asak sum mat ai rai yang, mahkrai hkrai ai wa gaw bunglat dawq ra ai. Bunglat pri gaw yu yu bunglat n rai na. Du magam bunglat rai na. Hpa majaw nga yang dai masha wa gaw Ja mying mying da ai wa rai nga ai. Karai Kasang gaw mahkrai hk-rai ai wa hte mahkrai kaw na di hkrat shut ai masha 2 hpe kalang ta hkye la ai hku rai mat sai. Mabyin langai mi naw nga ai. Dai lam gaw Jawa ga na Mangdawng Hkaw Hraw gaw Tinggaw ga na Lahkyang Lum Naw hpe hpyi ai. Raitim lum Naw num brau brau mat ai. Dai majaw lahk-yang ni hpu bai na n byin sai majaw kanau hpung dim Lum Gan hpe num galai jaw ai. Dai num sa poi de Ma kasha naw re ai Ja Li mung hkannang ai. Mangdawng ni hku nna Ma kasha raitimung Du kasha hku masat nna, tsa jaw ai shaloi tsamai hte jaw ai. Ngam ai num sa hpawmi ni hpe gaw kawa dinghkang hte sha jaw ai. Hpawmi ni mung dai tsamai kaw na tsa hpe Ma kasha rai nga ai Ja Li hpe shawng dat jaw nna ngam ai hpe shanhte garan lu ai. Shing-rai jawm garan lu nga yang, tsamai kata de na shamying n chye ai lamami tsa hte rau lawm pru wa ai. Atsawm sha jawm yu ai shaloi dai a rai gaw lanyau hkyi rai nga ai. Dai lanyau hkyi gaw yu e garawt bang da ai rai ang ai. Tsamai kashin ai shaloi hka madi mat nna tsamai htum pa kaw kap nga ai. Dai hpe tsa bang nna dat lu ai shaloi tsa hte rau hkan nang pru wa ai rai nga ai. Dai shiga hpe shara shagu garai n brawng lu yang Mangdawng ni gaw Pungga htingnu de sa nna chyaru lit hte nba yan langai hte Ma hpe nyau hkyi tsing jaw kau ai lam sa tawngban ai lam nga lai wa sai.



Shanhpyi laika hte Pungga Ja Li Hkazang Dau Hraw gaw Ja Li a kaji dwi rai nga ai. Dau Nyoi gaw Lamuk Hkawng Lum jan re. Hkawng Lum a kanau Lamuk Hkawng Dau gaw kashu kasha n lu ai. Dai ma-jaw Lamuk Hkawng Dau hku nna Ja Li hpe num hpang hpu wa hku kasha daw ang nga ai. Shing-rai Ja Li asak 5 kaw na 12 ning du hkra kawa Bawk rai nga ai Lamuk Hkawng Dau hte hkrai nga ai. Lamuk Hkawng Dau mung kawa e jawng lung shakram da ai Ja Li hpe kasha majing zawn yu gawn lajang nga ai. Lamuk Hkawng Dau gaw myihtoi kaba mung re. Dumsa kaba hte Kaiji kanu mung re. Shing-rai Lamuk Hkawng Dau du ai poi shing-ra shagu hta Ma Ja Li mung hkan lawm nga ai. Tingkaw ga gaw nta htinggaw 13 sha re. Kahtawng kaji sha rai timung Myitung ni a nat hte htoi ai Jumzang Hkawng Hraw mung myihtoi rai nga ai. Lamuk Hkawng Dau gaw Lhao’vo’ ga hku htoi ai. Jumzang wa gaw Jinghpaw ga hku htoi ai. Shing-rai Ma Ja Li a matu Lhao’vo’ myihtoi Jinghpaw Myihtoi lahkawng yan hpe chye na da ai wa rai nga ai. Dai aten hta pra lai wa ai hkringwa kaba ni gaw, 1.) Hpawlam Hpyaq ga na Lakam Dau ......... Hkringwa2.) Jawa ga na Ngawq LawngYaw ................ Hkringwa3.) Tingkaw ga na Hkazang Dau Hkawng .... Hkringwa4.) Nawqla ga na Shadau Gam ..................... Hkringwa5.) Jase krung na Labyeq Ze ......................... Hkringwa6.) Patsam ga na Lalhaw Lum Hkawng ........ Hkringwa7.) Lazuk ga na Cham Naw Hkawng ............ Hkrinwa8.) Ningting ga na Htang De Myihtoi hte ..... Hkringwa9.) Jikding ga na Jikding Htaw Hkaw ........... Hkringwa10.) Myihtoi Lamuk Hkawng Dau gaw ndai Hkringwa 9 hte Manau poi shagu nat jaw poi shagu hta yawng ni jawm dumsa, Jaiwa rai nga ai hta Ma Ja Li mung Lamuk Dau a shan-gun jahpan hku rung shagu hkan lawm ai wa rai nga ai. Ndai laika kaw madun ai myihtoi hte hkringwa kaba ni gaw tsaw dik ai ninghkring ni hpe sha madun da ai re. Shanhte a lawu de hkringwa chyalung grai naw nga nga ai. Dai zawn re ai hpawng kaw chyu galu kaba wa ai Pungga Ja Li gaw, shanhte ni shada jahta ai kaw na mung dumsa ga hpe n dang matsing ai raitim galaw ai ladat ni hte dumsa ai nsen, nat hta hkan nna, gara nat hpe gara nsen hte dumsa ai ngu ai hpe gaw matsing lu nga lu ai. Galaw ai, jawng ai ladat ni hte shamying ai lam ni hpe matsing ai raitim lachyum hkrak hpe gaw garai n chye matsing nga ai. Lahta e madun mat wa ai Hkringwa hte myihtoi ni gaw, jinat daw mi, shinggyim masha daw mi re hkrai rai nna, jinat mungkan hte shinggyim mungkan lahkawng yan kaw nga pra ai zawn hkamsha lawm lai wa nga ai. 1953 ning ningnan daw de, Lamuk Myihtoi nat wa tsun ai gaw, “Shu ni sha ni, hka kau de loi yen nna nga mu, Baren n-gup mahka wa ra ai” nga nna, myihtoi htoi shagu myihtoi jasat ai kaw tsun ai. Dai shaning August shata daram hta, Hpungmai hkaqhku maga de nnang nawn hte rau nsen kaba hte ngoi kapaw ai lam byin lai wa ai. Hpungmai hka mung, shawoi na shadawn shadang hta jan nna kaba wa ai. Hka mung hkanuq ai hku sha n rai, ga paq ganawng nna lwi ai. Hkaq kata na Nga kaba ni mung shanhte a shingjen de hkum pup shang nna, wa kanu daram ram kaba ai nga ni si yawng nga ai. Yawng hkrat wa ai sahpaw ni hta mam htu htum ni, nta daw hpum shadaw ni lawm hkrat wa nga ai. Ndai lam hpe Hpungmai hka kau de nga ai ya yang, asak 80 makau



grup-yin rai sai ni gaw naw dum shajang na re. Dai aten hta nat jaw nga ai ni gaw ndai lam hpe gara hkaq wa tung wa na ngu ai hpe hkrak n chye tim, hka langai ngai kaw byin wa na hpe gaw tau hkrau nna chye nga sai. Kaga lam langai mi gaw, Lai Ngu bum kaw na nat wa gaw, Dumbau bum kaw na nat shayi sha hpe kanam hku hpyi la ai. Shing-rai Lai Ngu wa gaw Dumbau wa kaw hpu grai bang sai. Hpu ni hta na dai ten na Ma Pungga Ja Li matsing ai daram nga yang, gumra lawm ai, hpawlam, magwi, shannga, ninggrau ni lawm nga ai. Ndai Lai Ngu wa a hpu ni gaw Hpungmai hkaq hkan lung wa nna, Jawa hkaq hku Dumbau bum de lung wa na rai nga ma ai. Shanhte lung wa na lam kaw gaw, Pungga mare, Tingkaw kahtawng, Samdu kahtawng, Hpawlam hpyaq kahtawng, Dinggram hte Jawa kaht-awng hku lai ra nga ai. Dai majaw myihtoi ga hku nna dai dusat nihpe dingbai dingna n jaw na matu aja awa sadi jaw nga ai. Kaga kahtawng mare ni yawng grai sadi ai. Dai dusat nkau mi mare kahtawng hpe lai di nna Dumbau bum de lung wa ai. Dusat nkau mi hpe hkan mu dat ai ni lawm nga ai. Dai hpu dusat ni lai lung wa na aten gaw, Hting-rang ta yi sawm aten hta ang nga ai. Hpawlam Hpyaq kaw na Lagang Gang Ze ngu ai wa gaw mawkhkyu jaugawng kaba re. Lani mi shi yi kaw, shi a hting-rang yi hkyap kata e nhtu garang dung nga yang, yi htum pa hku shan nga kaba langai mi hting-rang yi ding yang lung wa ai. Lagang wa mung chyah-kring sha na laman e myihtoi ga hpe gan malap kau nna gap kau dat sai. Shannga dai gaw machyu ningma hte nam de hprawng mat wa sai. Dai shaning hta Hpawlam Hpyaq ga kaw masha marai 6 shachyaw shanaw si mat wa ai majaw dai ni hpe bru makoi ai nga yang, mare na bau mahkra ga mat hkra kabung dum ai nga ma ai. Masha nau si shachyaw ai majaw myihtoi shayu yu ai

shaloi shi a hpu nga hpe ningma shakap ya ai majaw Dumbau wa pawt ai nga nna tsun nga ai. Nat ni mung wurawng hku nna nga nga ma ai. Lai Ngu bum, Sumpyi bum, Dumbau bum, Ngaq Tang bum, Yuhku bum, Na Bau bum ni gaw wu rawng langai mi hku nga ai ni re. Shanhte ni a gaw da ai tara ritkawp ni nga malu ai. Dai ritkawp tara ni hta na, langai mi gaw, waq lawng hkran de ninggrau n shaga na ngu ai tara rai malu ai. Hpa majaw ngu ai shingdu maumwi nga ai raitim malap mat sai. Lai Ngu wa hpu bang ai hta ninggrau lawm nga ai. Shing-rai Dumbau bum hkran de ninggrau 3 ya wa shaga wa ngoi ai. Dai hpe gaw Dumbau yan, Lai Ngu ritkawp tawt lai ai lam rai nga sai. Shing-rai hkyak hkyak zuphpawng bai hpawng nna, ning-grau hpe Hpungmai hkaq a sinpraw hkran de lawan bai sharap kau nga ai. Dai lam hpe myihtoi ni hku nna tsun dan ai majaw chye lu ai.

Jawng lung hpang wa ai lam Njangyang Aseng Pungwa mare Pasi yang kahtawng kaw jawng hpaw ai. Raitim jawngma gaw n law hkraw ai. Jawngma 30 hta galoi n jan ai. Hpa majaw nga yang dai aten na gumchying gumsa Du ni a myit masa hta, jawng lung mat ai ngu ai gaw hten mat ai ningpawt hku chye na ma ai. Shing-rai Njangyang Tong UK rung kaw nna, Aming laika langai mi shapraw dat ai. Dai laika hta, Mung Du ni a kasha ni jawng sa ra ai ngu ai aming re. Dai aming laika hte hpawn la kaja marai 3 mung du ni a nta kaw shang nna, Asuya ni a mung-ga hpe hti dan sai. Pungga hitngnu kaw nna mung Ma Ja Li hpe jawng sa na matu, jawngma lahkawn ai ni a lata de ap dat sai. Hpa majaw Ja Li hpe jawng sa shangun ai lam hkrak n chye lu ai. Darat num a kasha re majaw, Du hkringhtawng dagrawq na wa n re majaw, hten yang mung hten mat u



ga nga shangun ai kun? Ma yan nau ni hta na kaba htum re majaw shangun ai kun? n chye lu sai. Gajawa nga yang Ma Ja Li a matu jawng sa na grai yak ai. Yak ai lam gaw kanu a kanu, kawoi dwi mayu dinggai shi hkrai re. Kawoi dwi a myi, na, lagaw lata tai ya ai wa rai nga ai. Hpa mi raitim Ja Li gaw Pasi yang jawng de du mat wa sai. Dai shaning gaw jawngma yawng ningsa/ ningnan 60 du ai. Jawng sara mung langai sha nga ai. Jawng atsang gaw tsang 2 hpaw da nga ai. Jawng up wa mung tsang 2 sharin la yu ai Pungwa Ja Roi ngu ai re. Dai shaning gaw 1954 ning hta re. Tsang 2 kaw na jawngma gaw 1) Washa Tu Mai Ginjaw gawgap lithkam)2) Pungwa Ja Naw3) Pungwa Ja Roi (Junior jawng up a kanam)4) Hpalawng Hkawng Yang Dai shaning du ai jawngma ningnan ni hpe shata mi sharin yu nna hpung garan sai. Pungga Ja Li gaw (B) hpung kaw ang ai. Shawng shaning na jawng kaji n awng ai ni hpe (A) hpung ngu shamying da sai. Marai langai ngai tsang kade rai sai nga san yang (A) hpung nga jang grai myiman pa sai ten re. Tsang 2 jawngma ni hte gaw, shat mung rau n wam sha ai. Yup mung rau n wam yup ai. Shinggyim masha zawn pyi n nawn hkra yu kaba ai ten re. Dai shaning shaning ka-ang hta, Asuya kaw jaw ai jawng sara langai mi du lung wa ai. Shi a mying gaw Maran Hkawn ngu ai re. Hpaji atsang gaw tsang 9 re da. Tsang 2 ni hpe pyi n wam mada hkra byin nga ai ten tsang 9 chye ai masha hpe mu jang myi hpraw she galau mat wa saga ai. Dai sarama gaw gawng shakyang PT ngu ai hpe sharin ya ai. Ma Ja Li gaw kaga lam hta anya tim PT ginsup ai hta gaw kaga masha ni hta jan nna ram taw nga ai. Shi hpe shawng kaw tsap shangun nna ngam ai ni yawng shi hpe yu nna, shalai ai hku woi shaman ma ai. 1954 ning na Shangaw, Dumbang a Hkrist-

mas hpe Magram yang ngu ai kaw galaw ai. Dai Hkristmas poi hta sasana sara kaba Herman G. Tegen Feldt yannu ni mung wa lawm ai. Ma Ja Li a matu shanhpraw amyu hpe shawng mu yu ai lam rai sai. Jinghpaw mungdaw Asuya hpung kaw na gaw Amat Gun Gam hte Amat Lawang Li Walawm nna Hkristmas galaw ai shara gaw Adang bu ni ayi shari kaw rai nga ai. Shan hpraw yannu wa ni hpe gaw yiwa kaw shayup ma ai. Poi sa shawa grai law ai raitim, sut dun ai gaw shannu ni chyu sha rai ma ai. Hpung sara ni gaw sara Par Si hte sara Shawlamon lawm ma ai. Hkristmas ten na simai gaw dai buga a Duwa rai nga ai Adang wa shawq ai. Adang wa gaw nga mung law law lu ai. Hkat bung mung lu ai wa rai nga ai. Hkristmas mandat ang ang kaw Hkristan dawnghkawn mung noi da ma ai. Shana aten hta gaw buga shagu na ni Consert madun ma ai. Consert langai mi gaw ka ni lu yang n kaja ai lam madun ai. Adang Duwa gaw dai Consert hpe n ra ai majaw Hkristan dawnghkawn kran kau da nna, nta de wa mat sai. Pungwa jawngma ni lajang sa ai mahkyen hta lahta e tsun lai wa sai gawng shakyang lawm nga ai Sarama Maran Hkawn a makau kaw nga nna shangun jahpan tai na matu jawng-ma ni kaw na lata ai shaloi Ja Li hpe lata ma ai. Ja Li gaw jahkrai rai nga wa ai hte maren shi a baw hta tsiq ni a rudi shara tai nga ai. Kalang lang makau kaw na pyi kara kaw gau hkawm ai tsi ni hpe mu mada nga ai. Dai majaw sarama Maran Hkawn gaw Hkristmas ni wa sai rai nna, kara daw ma-sha shaga nna kadung daw ya u nga tsun ai hpe na kau dat sai. Kadung ngu ai kaning re n chye ai majaw laklai ai baw rai na sai ngu grai kabu kau nu ai. Kara daw nga ai makau hku lai wa ai ni yawng mani sum sum rai lai ma ai. Baw tsawm nna mani ai shadu yang, kara daw ngut nna chyam-na wa yu ai shaloi, baw kaw kara langai



pyi n tu mat sai. Dai zawn re baw gaw shawng de kalang mi mung rai n mu yu ai. Raitimung Asuya sarama e galaw ai majaw Asuya aming rai sai ngu shadu ai. Ninghkap yang mung jawng kaw na shaprawq kau na hkrit ai. Hpang jahtum Hkristmas poi n sa na hku dawdan kau sai. Sarama bai tsun ai gaw gupchyawp mari ya na nga nna tsun ai. Gajawa sha American ngarem gupchyawp langai mi tam ya sai. Dai majaw Hkristmas aten tup dai gupchyawp hpe chyawp da sai. Shat sha ma ai hte nawku jawng rai n lung yang Gangbang pa kaw Pungwa jawng ma ni a gawng shakyang shala na hku rai sai. Htung hte maren yawng a shawng kaw nga rem gupchyawp hte re ai Ja Li tsap taw nga sai. Shaloi salang ni kaw na marai langai mi tsun dat ai gaw gupchyawp gaw n chyawp yang mai ai nga nna gupchyawm sa malawq kauya masai. Myit n lawm mat sai raitim gawng shakyang hpan shi daram hpe woi ginsup kau nu ai. Lahta e tsun lai wa sai hte maren Pung-wa jawng a jawngma gaw marai 30 hta n jan hkraw ai. Dai shaning jawngma alak mi bai lahkawn ai rai nna, jawngma yawng hpawn 60 du mat sai. Htang da ai lusha gaw marai 30 a matu sha re, dai majaw hkuhku kaba hte katut mat sai. Shat hpe kawa makru lawq malawng bang nna shadu sha ai. Jawngma yawng hpe shat wan kasha langia hpra sha hteng bang ya ai. Dai shat gaw jawngma kaji ni pyi atsawm n hkru ai shat re. Jawngma nkau mi shabrang wa ngan ni lawm shajang ai. Shanhte a matu shat uman gaw ga htet dat ai daram pyi n hkru nga ai. Shing-rai jawngma kaba ni gaw jawngma kaji ni a makau kaw shara la shajang nna ma kaji ni hpe shat ma na i? nga chyahkring hkring san ma ai. Jawngma kaji ni mung jawng la kaba ni hpe agam nna, n ma ai ngu bai tsun jang n law la ai shat hpe ka-ang hkup bai la kau ya ai. Jawngma kaji ni a matu grau yak mat sai rai nna, dai yak ai hta Ma Ja Li mung lawm

nga ai. Hpang e grau yak wa sai rai nna, jawngma nkau mi hpe mare de garan nga shangun kau masai. Dai shaloi Ma Ja Li gaw Hpt. Washa Krang a nta kaw ang ai. (DKB. Washa Tu Mai a kahpu) Hpt. Washa Krang gaw mare na manang langai mi hte Chyanya hkaq kaw htamawk jung da ai. Lani mi hta Hpt. wa shi n rau ang ai rai nna, htamawk yu sa ai de Ja Li hpe hkan nang shangun ai. Dai shani gaw nga mung ram ram lu ai shani ang ai. Nga ka hpe gun wa nna shat sha la nhtawm jawng de sa mat wa sai. Palawng galai na n nga ai majaw hkum ting nga sing hkrai rai jawng kaw sa dung nga ai. Makau na ni nau hpuq ya ai majaw shakum jut kaw kaga hkrai rai dung nna laika sharin la yu sai. A hpung hte, tsang 1, tsang 2 ni gaw lahkum lu dung ai raitim jawng kaji ni gaw dun kaw dung apa nna lung pa hta laika ka ra nga ai. Dai shaloi lasha ni hpe hpang de dung shangun nna, num sha ni gaw shawng kaw dung ai. Num sha ni hta mahkawn kaba ni lawm nga ai. Shanhte laika ka gum ai shaloi dangbau grai tsaw ai rai nna, hpang de na ni pyen chyang n mu lu nga ai. Dai lam hpe sarama mu jang, lasha kaji, ni hpe shawng de bai shadun sai. Shana de jawng yu ai hte bungli lamama hpe jawm galaw ai. Aten du jang shat sha nna, dahkap ginsup sup rai ma ai. Lana de mi Ja Li gaw Dahkap hkap ang ai. Shang wa ai hpung hta Maran Lu ngu ai numsha langai mi lawm nga ai. Gat lai wa ai kaw lata hkan ahpre dat ai shaloi Maran Lu a hkum kaw shingdu maga hku hkra dat sai. Dai ten hte rau Maran Lu a labu mung rawq hkrat mat ai. Shi bu da ai labu mung bu hkrawng n re. Kata de labu gadun bu ai satlawat mung pungwa jawng de rai n du ai. Maran Lu gaw grai gaya mat sai rai nna, Ja Li e labu gang rawq ya ai ngu nna sarama hpe wa tsun dan ai. Hpang jahpawt sarama gaw jawng gawk kaw Ja Li hpe shaga la nna,



saboi makau kaw shatsap da ai. Lata kaw ri shingna lang da let Ja Li nang Maran Lu a labu hpa majaw gang rawq ai, hpa di na ngu gang rawq ai nga nna san bang wa sai. Dai hpe Ja Li hku nna kaning ngu mung n chye htan nu ai. Dai shana gaw Labya Krang ngu ai jawngla shabrang langai mi sarama kaw sa nna, Maran Lu a labu hpe Ja Li gang rawq ai gaw n mu ai. Dai hkap hkap let shin-gdu hku hkra dat ai gaw mu ai. Maran Lu a labu gaw shi hkrai rawq mat wa ai she re. ngu nna sa tsun jang, hpang jahpawt jawng gawk e bai du ai shaloi gaw Maran Lu hpe mahtang bai shaga nna, labu gang rawq ya ai ngu hpa majaw masu tsun ai nga daru sai. Maran Lu mung hpa n chye htan mat nu ai. Shing-rai dahkap hkap yang labu ngang ngang sun na matu yawng hpe tsun nna shangut kau sai. Jawng kaw du nna kade nna yang jawngma ni yawng jawng yi de bungli galaw sa ra ai. Jawng wang kaw hkainu ni hkai da ai rai nna, mare na nga dumsu ni shang chye ai. Shing-rai sarama gaw Ja Li hpe nang hkrai jawng wang sin lu na kun? nga nna san ai. Ja Li hpa rai n htai yang, sarama gaw saboi ntsa kaw na ahkying hpe madi madun let, ndai nayi shingna, ndai shara kaw du ai shaloi anhte bai wa na nga tsun ai. Sarama hpa majaw nayi hti hkum n tsun ata? nga yang Ja Li gaw hti hkum laika si garai n chye na re ai majaw, rai nga ai. Ja Li hku nna, nayi shingna ni hpe azi yu dat ai shaloi shingna ni gaw grai lawan ai hku hkawm taw nga ai hpe mu ai. Shing-rai grai na na n re ngu sawn la nna, jawng wang sin na matu lit la sai. Raitim grai lawan hkawm ai gaw shingna galu lahkawng sha rai nna, ngam ai wa gaw sarama madi madun ai shara kaw du na matu grai na ai hpe hpang e she chye lu ai. Tsun lai mat wa sai lam ni gaw Pung-wa jawng kaw shata 5 (Aug – Dec) sa lung ai laman na mahkrum madup rai nga sai. Hkristmat jawng dat nta wa ai kaw na jawng

de bai n lu sa mat sai. Jawng dat ten hta nta kaw wa ga nga yang kawoi dwi Hrangkum Hkawng Naw a kanau ni ang ai Hpungmai hkaq a sinpraw hkran Shamkyaw ga kaw na Hrangkum Dau Lum sa du jahkrum ai. Kana gumgai hpe gaw yi hkyen kau sai rai nna, hpang shaning sa woi la na ngu htet da nhtawm, Ja Li hpe gaw Shamkyaw ga de woi mat wa sai. Dai shaning gaw 1955 ning rai nga ai. Shamkyaw jawng mung hkalup sasana ni hpaw da ai sha naw nga ai. Shing-rai Ja Li gaw dai jawng kaw jawng kaji kaw na bai lung sai. Jawng my-ing garai n bang yang, Ja Li ngu ai mying hpe Lhao’vo’, Lachid ni n chye tsun nna, maru marang nga shaga ya ai majaw jawng mying bang ai shaloi Maran Gam ngu nna bang kau sai. Dai shaning ginhtawng htawng wa ai shaloi, nta na ni tam sa wa ma ai. Hpa majaw nga yang jawng sa mat wa ai hpe shanhte n chye kau dat ai. Mayu gumgai a nta kaw na sa mat wa ai majaw rai nga ai. Shanhte gaw Ja Li ngu nna sa tam ai shaloi, jawng na ni gaw, ndai jawng kaw Ja Li ngu ai n nga ai lam tsun ma ai. Dai shaloi, nta na ni grai na kajawng mat ma ai. Raitimung Walawng Hkran de na Maran Gam ngu ai langai lawm ai hpe bai tsun sai. Dai ten hta Ja Li gaw mare de nga ai yu ji Hrangkum ni a nta kaw rai nga ai. Dai de bai htawt tam sa wa ai shaloi, Ma-ran Gam hte n re ai sha Ja Li hte bai hkrum masai.

Ahkaw ahkang lu ai lam Mali Nmai Walawng hkran de gaw yawng nat jaw hkrai rai nna, sinpraw hkran de gaw yawng Hkristan hkrai re. Shing-rai laika n chye ai nat jaw maling na jawng na mung rai, Du kasha mung rai re ai masha langai lu da ai gaw sasana hpang da ai hku nan sawn la nga ma ai. Shamkyaw mare gaw Tamu buga hpung hta lawm ai mare re. Tamu buga hpung kaw lawm ai mung



ni hpe tsun ga na yang (1) Zahkung Mung (2) Bamwaw Mung (3) Bangli Mung (4) Mading Mung (5) Galau Mung ni rai nga ai. Dai shadip mare ni hta kahtawng n law htum 10 a lahta de lawm nga ai. Mung langai mi a kata kaw, shata jahtum bat hta kahtawng langai ngai de kahtawng shagu na hpung masha ni sa nna, laban jawm ban ma ai. Dai hpe Mung laban ngu nna shamying ma ai. Hkrismat hpe gaw laning mi mung langai ngai hta sha ang nna jawm galaw ma ai rai nna, dai hpe mung Mung Hkrismat ngu tsun ma ai. Dai Mung 5 hpe Tamu buga hpung ngu shamying da nga ai.Shing-rai jawng-ma Ja Li gaw Mung laban hta mung, Mung Hkrismat hta mung ga shaga na ahkang lu ai wa re. Shi gaw Lhao’vo’ hte Lachid ga hpe grai kungkyang ai hku shaga lu ai wa rai nna, shi kaba wa yang nat jaw maling hpe ayai kau lu na re ngu grai makun ma ai. Jawng dat ten hta CE ngu ai shakut sha-rang hpung ga baw hte mare buga shagu de hkawm sa na ahkang lu ai. Hkawm sa na jar-ik mung jawng dat ten shata 2 a matu shata mi lap 10 jai na ahkang lu ai. Walawng hkran de gaw natjaw Gum-chying Gumsa Du ni nga ai. (1) Dau Mang Duwa (2) Pungwa Duwa (3) Dinggram Duwa (4) Nawla Duwa (5) Ningting Duwa (6) Pungga Duwa ni rai ma ai. Ndai Gum-chying Gumsa Du ni gaw nat jaw hkrai chyip chyip rai nna, Mung masha ni mung nat jaw hkrai re. Shamkyaw jawngma ni hte mare na ni, mahkawn shabrang kayau nna, yi gai wang de mam kabye jahpai let n la pran ai lam ni galaw ma ai. Jawngma nkau mi shingna hte gayet na ni lawm ai. Jawng komiti kaw nna dai ni yawng hpe jahpawng nhtawm, ga ngwi ga pyaw hte shadum sharin nna bai shabra kau sai. Hpa majaw nga yang, dai mahkawn shabrang hpung hta, Pungga Ja Li lawm ai rai nna, shihpe hkra na tsang ai majaw, dam ni hpe sha yawm kau ai lam re hpe hpang e chye lu ai.

Kalang mi na La Boarder up rai nga ai sara langai mi gaw, num Boarder up jawng num hpe woi yup ai. La Monita wa gaw dai hpe chye nna jawngma 5 dang hpe lata la nhtawm, num Boarder de sa woi yup ai. Dai num boarder de sa yup ai hta Pungga Ja Li hpe mung shalawm ai. Dai mangh-kang hta Pungga Ja Li hpe n kam shalawm ai majaw jeyang hparan ai lam hpa n galaw ai sha shazim kau ai re nga ma ai. Kalang mi gaw jawng ma ni a simai sun de mare salang langai mi a bainam shang ai. Ja Li gaw daihpe shachyut rim nna, rung kaw jum nhtawm, ganawng dat yang bai nam si mat sai. Dai bainam madu salang wa gaw, grai pawt mayu ai raitim nat jaw kasha hte bainam hka n wam jahta nna tawn kau ai nga ma ai. Shamkyaw jawng kaw tsang 3 lung ai shaning (1957 ning) hta Ja Li gaw sara hte jawngma choir hpung nihpe woi nna, Pungga ga de sa wa sai. Pungga ga kaw na Wajik ni hte Latau ni nat kau mayu wa ma ai. Raitimung Pungga Duwa Tu Shan hpe hpa n shana shi ai. Shi lama na ai rai yang, grai pawt wa na ang ai.Shanhte a myit masa gw Hkristan tai ai gaw amyu hten ai hkuhkap la da ai ten rai nga ai. Dai shaloi jawng up sara wa ma, Latau hte Wajik wa Duwa shi a kashu Ja Li rau rai nna Pungga Duwa Tu Shan kaw shat lit hte hpawn rai woi sa ma ai. Shawng nnan jawng up wa tsun ai gaw, “Anhte Shankyaw jawng na ni , nang Pungga Duwa a shara de sa du ai gaw, nang Duwa a kashu Pungga Ja Li woi sa nna du ai rai ga ai” nga nna tsun ai. Latau wa hte Wajik wa tsun ai gaw, “Daini kaw nna anhte hpung shang na myit dawdan da ga ai. Dai hku dawdan ai mung Pungga Ja Li a ga madat ai lam sha re, Kaga kade a hpanghkan ai lam mung n re” ngu nna tsun ai. Pungga Ja Li bai tsun ai gaw, “Nat jaw htung gaw nang jidwi a prat hta htum na sai, ndai Hkristan hpung



shang ai lam hpe mung anhte Pungga ni woi awn ra na re” ngu nna tsun jang loi mi myit yu ai zawn rai nna, “Htawm hpang de gaw nye shu ni a prat she rai na sai. Raitimung shanhte naw kaji ma ai, nanhte myit su sai ni, hpaji chye sai Du salang ni woi pawn ba la ya marit” nga nna mung ga ap sai. Dai shaning kaw nna shawng e tsun lai wa ai Gumchying Gumsa nat maling gaw nat jaw hte Gumchying Gumsa bunghku hten mat sai. Tsun lai wa saga ai Mung Du hte mare masha ni, daini na Myitkyina ga de nau nhkrang pru sai. Ya loili hkrang pru ai gaw, Pungga a seng na ni sha hkrang ai ngu nna tsun na daram rai nga ai. 1957 ning April shata hta Myitkyina Ginwang a Hkalup Hpung Mung Shawa Zuphpawng Chahpwi zup kaw ang ai. Ya na Chahpwi Ginwang kaw Mung Shawa Zuphpawng hkap la na n-gun n nga ai. Raitimung Hpa-la Duwa Hawng Dai gaw Hpung Up sara mung rai nna, modo mung lu ai. Hpung htinggaw hku n-gun n rawng ai rai nna, shi a Mung Du manang ni hpe shaga kahkyin ai. Dai Mung Du ni hpe matsing ai daram tsun ga nga yang (1) Bwitsam Duwa (2) Lazuk Duwa (3) Dukhkyawng Duwa (4) Shazaw Duwa (5) Jikloi Duwa, (6) Manghkyi Duwa ni hpe sha matsing sai. Hpala Duwa tsun ai gaw, Mung Shawa Zuphpawng hpe Chihpwi kaw ang ai ngu nna, n tsun ai. Mung Shawa Zuphpawng gaw Tangbau Du ni a mung kaw ang ai nga nna, tsun ai. N-gu, simai nihpe lit jawm la ga, ngu nna kadai hpa shaw na jahpan la u ai. Zuphpawng Du wa ai shaloi, n-gu ni waq ni, dumsu ni, wuloi ni, Chihpwi zup de du shajang sai. Zuphpawng ngut ai shaloi Hpungmai hkaq masawn kaw nga wuloi 5 hta n yawm ai sha nawq ngam nga ai hpe chye kau dat ai. Zuphpawng ting-nyang hpe mung grai dam lada ai hku galaw da nga ai. Myitky-ina Ginwang a mu gun masha ni ding-ren dung ai. Tsun lai wa sai Mung Du ni gaw

dai shingdu maga de dung ma ai. Zuph-pawng hpaw ngut ai hte tinang a shara de tinang wa mat ai ten hta laru kaba du ai. Zuphpawng mandat a ting-nyang maga de laru e nhkyeng kau sai. Zuphpawng a gabaw gaw Yawshu laika na, “N-gun da ting u. Shawng de shanang u” ngu ai re. Zuphpawng a shimlam hpe Shamkyaw lawu tsang jawng, Magawng lawu tsang jawng, Sawlaw Lawu tsang jawng, Chih-pwi lapran tsang jawng ni hku nna section hte section hpaw da ma ai. Shamkyaw jawng section hta comando gaw jawng sara Lang Hkaw ngu ai wa re. Dai section kaw Pungga Ja LI mung lawm nga ai. Lahpa kaw sumpan hkyeng gumbat da ya ai. Dai sumpan hkyeng kaw Shim ngu ai laika mung ka da ai. Shingna daw hkrawng langai hpra mung jaw da ai. Marai 2, 3 hta hkre di wan (datmi) langai hpra jaw da ai. Lahpa kaw shim nga nna ka da ai raitim mying jaw shamying ai gaw poi pyada ngu nna shamying ai. Mangdawng Hkawng ngu ai wa hte Ja Li hpe gaw Hpung-up sara Usa ni a nga shara yup ra ni hpe lajang na lit jaw da ma ai. Hpung up sara ni nawku sa mat ai shaloi, shan lahkawng gaw, ding-ye shang ye ma ai. Hpung-up sara ni kadai dai re ngu ai hpe yawng n matsing sai. Mayan kaw na Hpung-up sara Hkun Awng hpe gaw matsing dat sai. Wan dap, wan mang ni hpe jasan ai shaloi, hpun jum kata kaw malut n dum langai mi mu hkrup ai. Hpung-up sara ni a shara kaw malut ndum taw ai gaw nta madu ni makoi da ai rai ang ai nga nna Ja Li a manang Mang Dawng wa gaw nta shinggan maga chyinghkrang sun de kabai kau dat sai.

Hpang na lang bai matut na-



GIDON POST hpe AMYING SHINGTENG DAIDAW WA AI LAM

Pawm San Grawng

Ndai Gidon Post “ Bum” ngu nna amying shingteng garai n daidaw lu yang “ Gidon Post “ Bum “ gaw Nhkram lamu ga kata na Bum Langai hku sha naw rai nga ai. Raitim, Karai Kasang a yawshada ai lam hpe kadai mung n mu n chye da ai lam, makoi magap da ai lam hpe “Gidon” majan ngut ai hpang she grau chye na wa ai. “Gidon” ngu nna Amying daidaw ya ai gaw nhtoi 25-11-2014 ya jahpawt 7:00 am hta daidaw ya sai. Shawng kaw nna nga taw sai “Gi-don” ngu nna, amying garai n lu ai Bum a tawtap shara hta Simsa Post ngu ai dingh-krai post mi nga ai. Dai Simsa Post gaw tai hpyen ni dap jung shara Nhkram Post hte grai ni kahtep dik ai post rai nga ai. Ndai Post hpe tai hpyen ni nhtoi 17-8-2016 ya shani htim gasat zing madu la kau sai. Tai hpyen ni ndai Simsa Post hpe garai n zing madu la ai ten, Masat (253) Dap Nawng Dap Dung ni a makawp maga ginra

naw rai nga yang, dai Simsa Post kaw lit la woi awn nga ai Du Lawawm Naw Tawng hte (253) Dap Nawng Dap Dung Up, Du Jum Labang La Sam, hte (253) Dap Reng Du Jum Myitung Hkaw Lang ni myit woi jasat ai hte chyeju dum kyu hpyi poi hpe Simsa Post kaw galaw ga ai. Dai majaw Hpyen magam gun Jan ni hte Maga Yang Hpyen Yen Mung Shawa nkau mi mung chyeju dum poi de nhtoi 24-11-2014 ya shana dai Simsa Post kaw du lung wa saga ai. Dai shana gaw Simsa Post kaw yup hkring sa la ga ai. Shana hkringsa nga yang Masat (253) Dap Reng Du Jum, Myitung Hkaw Lang kaw nna, Hpawtde Chyeju dum poi Nawku lamang garai n hpang lu yang, Post nnan a matu akyu hpyi



la mayu ai lam tsun ai. Jahpawt du ai hte rau anhte marai (7) shatup la nhtawm Bum dai de lung mat wa ga ai. Bum dai hpe wa mu dat ai hte maren, Wunpawng sha ni a makawp maga ninggang tai ya lu ai maka hkrang pru nga ai hpe wa mu dat ai hte rau anhte yawng marai (7) gaw -

1. Rev. Pawm San Grawng (Sama Buga Hpung Up)

2. Du Jum. Myitung Hkaw Lang (253 Dap Reng)

3. Du. Maru Gam Nan (253 Bawm Hpareng)

4. Lat Gyi. Lama Sa (253 Dap Nawng Dap Dung )

5. Slg. Dumhpya Naw Ja (Ginra Madu )6. Hpt. Nhkum Awng La (Hpa Lap Mare

Hpung Amu Madu )7. Sara. Labang Myu Shawng (Gara Yang

Buga Apnawng Sara & Gumlau Mare, Sinpraw hkran)

ni hku nna, Wunpawng Amyu lakung (7) a gawng malai lata gindun shinggrup let, langai hpang langai akyu hpyi ngut ai hte “ Daini kaw na gaw Wunpawng myusha ni a makawp ninggang tai ya lu ai Gidon Post “Bum rai wa nu ga law” ngu nna amying shingteng daidaw masat hpundung jun da saga ai rai.

Nbungli hpe magap kau ya ai Gidon Bum ntsa na Summwi gumdin.

Gidon Post “Bum” hpe mying shingteng jaw ya ai shaloi na yawshada ai hte mar-en, Karai Kasang jai lang hkam ai lamu ga rai nga sai lam shingdu labau mabyin hta Sakse mu lu saga ai. Shawng daw Gidon ngu nna amy-ing shingteng jaw ya ai shaloi, dai Bum hpe bum langai hku sha sawn nawn ai rai-tim majan byin nga ai ten laman bai wa du gawan yu yang, Bum a hkrang gaw bum marawn galu nna Gidon ngu na shara gaw Bum baw wa ang nga ai hpe wa mu lu ai. Kyu hpyi majai da ai shara gaw Bum baw Pungding kaw nan rai nga ai.

GIDON POST “BUM” A YAW SHADA AI LAM Karai Kasang hpe kamsham ai hpung masha shagu gaw Gidon ngu ai Hpyen Jau Bu a lam hpe chye na ai ni nga ai zawn, ntsa lam sha chyena ai ni mung nga na ga ai. Shi a lam hpe atsawm sha chyena lachyum shapraw ai lam n nga yang gaw ntsa lam chyena hkap la da ai wa hte sha bung nga ai. Shi a lam hpe chyena hkap la lachyum shapraw let, ta-tut magam bungli galaw sa wa ai lam gaw Gidon a Ntawng Nhtu Nsam hte bung nga ai. Nsam ngu ai ga si hpe Wun-pawng Jet ai ni yawng chyena da chyalu rai ga ai. Nsam ngu ai hpe lachyum shapraw ga nga yang grai, dam lada nga ai. Lachyum la ai Chyumdaw - Tara Agyi 6:14, Pru 3:19 Ga Shadawn -1. Karai Kasang a Mungga Ntawng Nhtu Nsam. - Karai Kasang a Ntawng Nhtu Nsam hpe kadai n mu lu ai raitim lam magup hpe dang kau lu ai atsam (Pow-er) rawng nga ai.



2. Hpaji byeng-ya Nsam - Hkawhkam Shawlamun gaw Karai Kasang kaw nna n mu mada lu ai (Wisdom Power) hpe lu la ai wa rai nga ai. Shi a mung-dan hpe (Wisdom Power) hte woi awn uph-kang lai wa sai. Dai hte maren, Anhte Wunpawng sha ni mung (Unity Power) ngu ai myit hkrum mangrum ai Nsam hpe lu la ai rai yang, Wun-pawng sha ni myit mada nga ai Pandung de teng sha du wa lu na rai nga ai. Myit hkrum mang rum ai Nsam hpe mu lu na matu, nhtoi - 25-11-2014 ya shani Gidon Post “Bum” e Karai Kasang a mying ningsang hta anhte marai (7) a lata matut n di akyu hpyi ai lam gaw Wunpawng amyu lakung (7) a gawng malai tai let Gidon Post “Bum” hpe Karai makawp maga ya ai, Padang lam hpe jaw ya na matu, hkrang shapraw akyu hpyi majai da ga ai. Nanhte Wunpawng Sha ni myit hkrum yang Hkawhkam lu ai amyu rai na re nga nna sasana sara Kaba Dr. OLa Han Son tsun da ai ga hta dik tup la lu na Unity Power Nsam kumla hpe Karai Kasang nan mu chye hkap la hkrang shapraw ya nga sai. Nanhte myit mang ai lam hta Ngai myit mang ai lam gaw grau tsaw nga ai nga nna madu Yehowa tsun ai lam hta hkawn-hkrang na, dik tup na, byin tai wa na lam hpe teng tup kamsham ai lam gaw shingran magam bungli hpe hkrang shapraw lu ai lam de shadu ya dat ai mabyin lam ni rai nga ai. Ga Shadawn - - Marai Masum (3) myit hkrum yang Panglai Nawng Htawk Dang ai zawn, n mai byin ai n dang di n dang dep lu ai hpe shabyin dat lu ai Karai Kasang a makawp maga garum shingtau la ai nsam hpe shadan shadawng ai lam rai nga ai.Dai majaw Gidon Post “Bum,” Gidon majan gaw Wunpawng sha ni a (Unity Power) hpe sakse kumla madun ya lu ai Image hku nna yawshada let, amying shingteng shamying da ai lam rai nga ai law. ☐

Moi Mungkan nnan lat,Shinggyim ngu ai nnan prat;Kanu daju Ninggawn Chyanun:Kawa Daju ai Hpunggam Woi Shun....

Shapawng Yawng a Kasha,Wun Pawng Ngu ai mi nga;Nung Rawang Zi Maru:Jinghpaw Lachid hte Lisu...

Chyurum Hpu nau ngu nga pra,Ninggawn Ta-wa de chyam hkra;Dip ai Up ai ngu mi n pru:Share Shagan ai Magam Amyu...

Wanglu Wanglang nga pra ai,Jaw Prat Ban she Kahtap sai.

.Rai yang....

Shanhpraw myi mut ni bai du,Manam Kaja ngu Jinghku mi hku.

Laili Laika hpe gyin shalat,Htung Lailen nkau mi mat;Maga mi de she nhtoi htoi:Du magam ngu ningsang mi hkoi.

Karai hpe shachyen ya ai chyeju madu,Wunpawng hpe dip ai a npot daju;Let hprang manam she shadu yang:Madu tai wa na zawn she ang...

LABAU HPE AHPRUN,

BUNGLI HPE MATSUNAon Ddu (MJ)



Shachyut gaw n rai, Matut gaw n mai,Masin gaw n si, Kaning gaw n di:Rawt wa u ga ngu she shakut,Pawt de du hkra she dumhpyut,

Goi ye...

Myi mut hpyen hpe gawt na matu,‘Master (Japan)’ ngu ai Chyingtawt mi du;Manam hkalum chye ai Wunpawng ni wa:Kam kaba hte kabu gara, Myi mut hkoi hkra, Atsam Shaja....

Bai ya...

Myi mut hkoi sa,Mi moi na zawn nga pyaw na sa;Wunpawng yawng a sindai kata,Dai hpe grai she myit mada.

Sawn ai hku n rai, Wa shakap she shai;Htang tawn da ai chyingtawt Regau.Myi mut hpyen hta pyi she grau:Myi mut hkoi tim, Laknak n jahtim,Zingri n zim, Zingrat n zim....

Masha sha n ga, Yamnga du hkra,U mu U nyawp, Wa mu Wa grawp,Num mu Num dun, Mam mu mam gun....

Madu jan hpe roirip, Madu wa hpe rim agrip,Masha hpe sat, Dusat hpe azat, Mare kahtawng Wan she hkat,

Goi ye...

Hpanwa Ningsang, Chyewa Ningchyang;Wunpawng myu hpe hkrang shaw la rit ngu:Tinang Makam hpe Manoi, Japan Majan de kashoi mat wa saga ai...

Rai Yang...

Hpan Karai Wa na Lasha,Wunpawng myu hpe mada mara;Japan majan ngu ai hta: Wunpawng hte hkindun na nga...

Shan hpraw myi mut bai du sa,Prat dep laknak ni shachyaw.101 hpe ninghtan hpaw,Karai a chyeju du:Wunpawng padang lu...

Japan ngu ai wai, Wunpawng padang mung rai;Hpan Karai hpe chyeju dum:Htunghking padang manau dum..

Sakse Buga gaw Zinlum Bum she tai,Prat labau hta tut Lashum nga na saga ai. Goi.....ya...

Chyingtawt Japan ngu mi wai,Sawmrawm nhtoi htoi na sai;Chyaloi nhkoi prat na zawn rai:Wunpawng myu ni ra kadawn ai.

Du magam prat bai lu na sai she ngu yang wa, Shan hpraw myi mut up ai kata:Colony mayam kumla de she bai gale mat wa nga sahka...!

Goi ye..

Chyurum Sha ni e....Sinda Lahtum, Shada ahpum bai yawn nga ra mat sai le...



Raitim...

Du magam myu ngu ai,Mayam tai ai ni n rai ga ai;Bawnu ningchyan shaw:Lawt lu lam a masing hpaw...

Colony Shadip Magam hte jahkrup,Shawnglam maka gamung dup,Bawngban lu ai mahtai kaja,Awmdawm Shanglawt lu ra ai nga...

Colony a Mung maden,Uphkang masa n mai jahten; Masa lam hpe pat kau ya:Shingrai shuk shanut taw nga...

Awng Sann ngu ai Myen Shachyang.Wunpawng ni a Lamuga de, N saw shaga ai mi gale;Manam nnan hpe hkalum:Tsun jahta yu myiman hkrum...

Shi tsun wa ai Ga ni hta,Awmdawm Shanglawt lam pru wa;Munghpawm ngu na jawm hpawng let:Jinghku hku na lam tsun atet...

Munghpawm ngu ai a masa,Ahkaw ahkang maren mara;Tinang myu a gammaka:Tinang Myu nan dawdan lu na nga.

Myen Amyu ni Lap mi lu yang,Wunpawng myu ni lap mi shang;Rawtjat lam jawm bawngban:Shawnglam a matu myit da-hpran, Dawdan bang wa saga ai.

Shanglawt lam a npawt daju,Mungchying Mung Shawa yawng a matu;Labau kaja nan rai sanu ga ngu:Panglung Gasadi Sen jawm htu...

Munghpawm Myanmar ngu shamying,Prat Labau hta tut mazing;Myu bawsang yawng kahkyin gumdin:Awmdawm Shanglawt Lam hpe shabyin dat saga ai. Ulat hpunggam goi, Sawmrawm Ninghtoi htoi ;Wunpawng Labau nnan hpe ka, Awmdawm Shan-glawt lu sai ngaMungchying Shawa yawng kabu gara.

Shanhpraw myi mut wai,Colony Hpyen tsai;Munghpawm Myanmar ngu:Shingteng daidaw lu,Mungdan langai hkrang shapraw da lu saga ai rai...

Rai yang...

Wunpawng myu a gam maka,Myit ai pandung n du wa;Myen Awng Sann a Sadi Ga:Ta tut hta kaman lila...

Awng Sann Shachyang Sa-wa si,Panglung Lakmat hpa n di;Myen amyu wa la-ba ka-up:Mungdan ting hpe dip up sai chyup...

Myen shada pyi n hkrum n ra,Mungdan hten na kumla mi la;Kaga myu sha bawsang yawng:Laknak hpai let Namrawng rawng.

Lasa Sa-wa Myen Amyu,Shinggyim Myit rawng ai mi n mu;Ndai Myu hpe Shagrawt na:



Wunpawng Myu ni dawdan sa...Rawtmalan masing hkrang shapraw,KIO/KIA Shingteng jaw;Myen hpyen wa hpe gasat adawt, Myusha dawnghkawn hpe sharawt....

KIA a pandung masa, Awmdawm ngu ai n lu dingsa;Htani Htana gasat nga na:Wunpawng ngu ai pra nga dingsa...

KIO/KIA grin nga na,Karai man hta ga sadi da;Awngdang lam hte gasat sa:Prat ban kade lai mat tim,Rawtmalan Magam tut n zim...

Daini gasat ai majan ndai,Hpan Karai nan lawm nga ai;Majan ngu ai a majaw:Tsin-yam tsindam grai nan law...

Ndai ninggam kawn lai lu yang,Myit ai pandung teng teng shang; Yawng jawm myit mada la nga ai:Ten ninghtoi ni n na sai...

Myit marai nden hpe shaja,Magam yi-ngam shagu hta;Hpan Karai hpe Kamhpa tawn:Tinggyeng myit hpe shingdu yawn...

Du dep hkap ai Magam hta,Ta tut shanglawm shakut ga;Sawk sagawn lu ai daram mi hkai:Mu mada lu ai hpe htai lai, Myusha yawng hpe lajin ai;Ga saw dat ai mung rai sai law...

Mungkan ga hta Karai Kasang gaw, tu matu, hkrung mahkrung ni yawng hpe hpan da

ngut ai hpang she shinggyim masha hpe hpan ai re. Raiitm, hpang jahtum hpan ai wa she yawng hpe up lu ai gaw, hpaji a majaw rai nga ai. Hpaji nga ai hta shinggyim masha kaw chyu n re ai sha dusat ni kaw mung madang tsaw ai dusat ni hta gaw animal education nga ai lam hpe chye lu ai. Ga shadawn - U, Nyau, Sharaw, Hkanghkyi ni rai nga ai. Dusat hta mung hpaji rawng ai wa gaw n rawng ai wa hpe dang sha, roi sha nga ai. Dai hte maren, daini mungkan hta mung hpaji grau chye ai mungdan ni gaw naw gritnyem ai mungdan ni hpe masa lam amyu myu hku nna ka-up taw nga ai hpe mu lu ai.Hpaji ngu ai hpe anhte shinggyim masha ni de chyum masa hku yu yang, Adam yan Ewa kaw na hpang ai ngu mai tsun ai. Shan gaw hpa n chye galaw, azim sha nga taw ai ten sun ka-ang na namsi hpe sha dat ai hte suhprang wa ai hpe mu lu ai.

HPAJI BYENG-YAhte daini na

RAMMA Shagawng Brang



Shinggim masha gaw dusat hpe atsam marai hta n dep nga ai. Ga Shadawn - Gwi gaw shinggyim masha hta htam 500 jan sama hpe lu marawp ai, n-gun ja ai hta Magwi hpe n dep ai, kagat ai hta gumra hpe n dep ai, kahkyin dumdin ai lam hta Lagat hpe n dep ga ai. Dai zawn dawn jan ai lam law law nga tim, uphkang lu ai gaw hpaji a majaw, re. Dusat hte shinggyim masha shai hkat ai lam ni gaw, shin-ggyim masha hta hpaji hpe shada chye ginlen hkat ai, tsawm htap ai lam hpe chye galaw, chye hkam sha ai hte arawn alai nga ai lam ni rai nga ai. Hpaji ngu ai hpe ad-ingtawk lachyum hku tsun yang jaw ai hte n jaw ai hpe ginghka chye ai nyan bawnu rai nga ai. Maga mi hku tsun ga nga yang mahkrum mad-up ginlen hkat ai re.Daini na mungkan gaw hpaji machye machyang hpe manu shadan ai mungkan re. Daini na kaba wa ai ramma ni tinang kungk-yang ai (snr) tinang a dawn jan ai atsam lama ma hpe lata la nna galu kaba wa ra ai. Ga shadaw, hpun langai mi ading sha tu galu kaba tsawm wa na matu gaw hpun bawng ten hta bra taw nga ai. Shi lakung lakying ni hpe tsan kau ya ra nga ai. Tinang a pandung hpe asan pra pra mu chye ra ai. Daini na ramma ni a sakhkrung

lam hta pandung n nga, pandung shamat kau ai ni law law rai nga ai. Dai zawn byin ai lam gaw makau grup yin a pyaw hpa lam ni hta kadawng bang mat ma ai majaw rai nga ai. Daini na Ramma ni tsa seng, hpalap seng, shawa nampan sun hkan e kamawng ai zawn laika dum hkan law yang gaw, mungdan a shawnglam gam maka grai tsawm htap wa na re. Laili laika hpe pyending shatai ra ga ai. “Pyending” ngu ai gaw Wan shachyi yang ningsin hpe jahkoi ya ai zawn laili laika mung shinggyim masha hpe machye machyang ninghtoi jaw ya nga ai. Laili Laika gaw masha hkum shagu a matu hpaji machye machyang atsam ni hpe gawgap jat ya nga ai. Laili Laika tam sawk hti ai wa hte n hti ai wa gaw, ningmu shai kaba shai hkat nga ai. Dai hte maren, “Tsaw tsaw pyen ai U gaw tsan tsan mu ai” ngu ai ga malai hpa ramma ni shinggan laika law law hti hkaja ra nga ga ai. Nkau mi Nga lagaw hkang ram hta sha ing taw ai hka hpe nam-mukdara shadu kau chye ma ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw tinang kachyi mi chye tawn ai hpe sha grai chye dum mat ai hpe ngu mayu ai. Kalang mi na mabyin, Mare langai hta kasha ngu na wa gaw dakka-su jawng pat ten nta wa nga

yang, kawa hpa tsun tim, “Wa nang hpa prat dep hpaji mung n chye me, nau hkum shaga” ngu chyu ninghkap hkap di ai da. Lana de mi hta Nga dumsu kasha langai Nga Ulawng shinggan hta pru taw nga ai majaw, Kawa gaw, kasha hpe Ulawng kata de jashawn na matu tsun wu ai. Dai shaloi Kasha (Dakkasu jawng la) wa gaw, Dumsu kasha a ana dun yang lahpre nna gumhtawn hprawng mat ai. Dai hpang maidang maga hku na bai kanawng yang mung dumsu kasha shi kam ai de hkawm mat ai. Ningmai kaw bai dun yang mung nhtang hku hkawm bai yak rai na gara hku mung Ulawng de n lu jashawn, salat hte grit rai nga lu ai da. Dai hpe mu ai kawa gaw ha... ha... nga mani let “Ma na lata layung hta mayen madit nna dumsu kasha a n-gup hta shachyawp dat u, shaloi na lata hpe chyu shadu na ra ai, dai hku na dun bang u” ngu tsun dat ai majaw, lu jashawn ai da. Dai hpang kaw na gaw kasha ngu na wa kawa hpe “Nang n chye ai” ngu ai ga n tsun ga mat nu ai da. Dai majaw, hpaji ngu ai mung shi shara hte shi nga chyalu re. Confucius tsun ai hte maren, “Masha gaw si wa ai ten du hkra lusha sha ra ai zawn, hpaji mung sharin la ra ai” ngu ga hpe myit dum ga.



Hpa lam hta ritim, byin mayu ai myit, myit katu ai, sharawng awng ai myit (Burning Desire) ngu ai she ahkyak nga ai. Greek myit sawn hpaji ninghkring rai nga ai Sukareti gaw BC-380 ram hta Edin Muklum hta ram ram mying gumh-krawng nga lu ai.Lani mi hta La kasha langai gaw shi kaw sa nna, “Sara kaba, nang chye tawn ai hpajiyawng ngai hpe sharin ya rit” ngu wu ai. Shaloi Sara kaba gaw “nang hpaji ra ai i?” dai ma gaw, “re” ngu wu ai. “Nang hpaji teng ra yang gaw nye hpang hkan rit” ngu tsun let dai la kasha hpe hka kaba de woi sa wu ai. Hka kaw du yang ma hpe hka kau kaw shadun da wu ai. Dai hpang Sukareti gaw “Hka kata de atsawm yu u, hpa mu ai rai?” la kasha wa gaw yu nna, “Hpa n mu ai, sara kaba” “atsawm yu u”, ngu bai tsun ai majaw, la kasha wa gaw hka hte kahtep lu ai daram kahtep let shagum up di nna yu wu

ai. Dai shaloi Sukareti gaw La kasha a baw hpe atsawm jum manat nna hka kata de dip tsing bat dat wu ai. La kasha wa gaw kadau (lak) wu ai. Raitim, Sukareti gaw hka de n-gun hte dip bang tik tik di wu ai. Tsawm ra na ai hpang, jum da ai baw hpe dat dat wu ai. La kasha wa gaw n sa hpe ba shala sa let pawt wu ai, “nang hpa galaw ai! ngai hpe sat ai i?” ngu wu ai. Sukareti gaw “nang she hpaji ra ai nga?” bai ngu yang la kasha wa gaw loi mau let, “Sara kaba hka kata kaw rawng yang, nsa n lu sa si wa na rai nga ai” ngu wu ai. “Nang hka kata lupyang hpa ra a ta? “ la kasha wa gaw, “Nbung, nsa sa na matu nbung ra ai” ngu yang Sukareti gaw “atsawm mats-ing da u, hka de lup yang nbung hpe manu mana nang ra kadawn ai zawn, hpaji hpe ra yang bai sa wa rit, ya gaw nang naw wa nu” ngu dat ai. Dai mabyin hpe yu nna hpaji hpe anhte manu

mana sharawng awng ai myit hte hkaja yang chyu sha awngdang na ga ai.Anhte W.P amyusha ni hpaji hpe manu chye shadan ra saga ai. Hpaji n chye ai wa gaw sut sin kaja n mai byin ai. Dai majaw, sahti kaba Bill Gate gaw shi kasha ni hpe sali wunli hku nna ja gumhpraw, arung arai n jaw ai sha, hpaji sali wunli sha jaw na lam chye lu ai. Dai hte maren, Asia kaw na rawt jat nga sai Mungdan ni rai nga ai Japan, Singapore, Hongkong, Dingda Korea hkan awngdang lam hpe lu la taw sai ramma ka-ang hkup jan gaw kanu kawa ni hku nna laika hti wa hkra shadut garum ya ai lam chye lu ai. Ga Shadawn - Ma ten hta laika kam hti wa hkra shanhte sa mayu ai shara de laika kaw shawng hti hkaja shangun nna she woi sa ai. Shanhte yu mayu ai sumla hkrung hpe raitim, laika kaw shawng hti hkaja nna she yu shangun ai. Nta laika dum hta mung Ma laili laika law law lu ma ai. Dai hte maren, English words ni kungkyang wa na matu SCRABBLE ni woi ginsup ai lam ni rai nga ai. Dai majaw, daini na Ramma ni htaw-mhpang rawt jat galu kaba kunghpan ai lam de sa wa lu na matu, laili laika gaw anhte a “MAHKRAI” nan rai nga ai law. ☐



Daining 2018, January 10 ya shani, Jinghpaw

mungdaw nhtoi akyu hpyi hpawng, Myitkyina Muk-lum kaw galaw ai shaloi, Wajau Rev. Fr. Dr. Yung Wa tsun ai: “Anhte Jinghpaw ni hpe Madu Karai Kasang gaw, mungdan jaw da sai. Dai hpe anhte n mu kau ai. Ngai mung, moi shawng e Kahtawlik nawku jawng bungli sha galaw ai majaw, n chye kau dat sai. Ya she, chye ai” nga ai. Shi Chyum laika Luka 12: 32, hti ai. Dai kaw tsun ai gaw; “Sagu hpung kaji ni e, hkum hkrit et; dai mungdan nanhte hpe jaw na, nanhte a kawa myit sharawng nga ai” Dai hti nna, “Nanhte n kaya yang gaw hkan hti lawm rit” nga nna, shawa ni hpe bai woi hti sai. Dai hti nna, shawa hpe, “hkam la mit ni?”, nga nna san ai. Shawa masha yawng, hkam la sai, nga ai. “Ta hpawk dum nna hkam la mu”, ngu tsun ai, shaloi, shawa masha ni yawng tahpawk dum nna hkam la sai. Kaja wa teng sha, Karai

la sai, rai nna dai lamuga hta shaning hkying lam she ru nna nga wa tim, maigan Myusha ni Jinghpaw ni hpe uphkang lai wa sai ngu ai maumwi n nga ai. Jinghpaw du ni sha, uphkang nna ngapra lai wa sai. Dai ma-jaw, moi chyaloi nhkoi kaw na Jinghpaw Wunpawng myusha ni gaw awmdawm shanglawt mungdan re. Dai gaw Karai Kasang, Jinghpaw ni hpe jaw da ai mungdan nan rai sai. Bai AD 1880 ning hpang e Karai Kasang aq mungga mung, Jingh-paw Wunpawng mungdan kaw du wa nna Jinghpaw Wunpawng myusha ni Karai Kasang aq kashu kasha ni tai wa lu sai.

Raitim, mungkan hpe Ingalik ni uphkang lai wa ai shaloi Jinghpaw mungdan hpe mung, shaning 66 ning daram Ingalik ni uphkang lai wa sai. Dai shaloi rait-im, Jinghpaw mungdan

Karai Kasang Jaw Da Ai MUNGDAN hpe Hkapla Mit Ni?Naga Wondin

Kasang jaw da ai mungdan hpe hkap la sai kun?

Dai Karai Kasang jaw da ai Jinghpaw Wunpawng Mungdan ngu ai hpe anhte ni atsawm sha dinglik yu ra sai. Dai hpe n chye jang, Wajau tsun ai zawn, Karai Kasang jaw da ai mungdan hpe, anhte n mu kau dat na, n chye kau dat na. Dai hpe n mu, n chye jang, shut ai lam mung anhte bai galaw kau dat na, Karai Kasang Jingh-paw ni aq matu yaw shada da ai hte nhtan shai ai hku mung, galaw kau dat na hpe tsang ra ai.

Karai Kajang jaw ai mungdan ngu ai hpe anhte ni mu ai, chye ai lam n bung na re. Ngai gaw, ngai chye ai, mu ai lam hpe, mung masha ni sawn dinglik yu na matu lawu na hku tang shawn mayu nngai.

BC 200 ning daram kaw na Jinghpaw ni gaw ya nga nga ai lumuga hpe wa madu



hpe Myen ni hte n kayau ai sha, laksan mungdan hku nna, uphkang lai wa sai re. Raitim, Jinghpaw ni laksan shanglawt n la ai sha, Myen ni hte rau shanglawt la na matu, Panglung gasadi hpe 1947 ning hta lekmat htu ai kaw na shut shai lai mat wa sai.

Dai hku shut shai lai mat wa tim, lai wa sai 70 ning laman hta Myen ni gaw dai Panglung gasadi hpe hkrang n shapraw ai sha n-ga, jahten sharun kau sai, shamyit kabai kau sai re ma-jaw, dai shut shai lai wa sai lam mung bai hprai mat sai. Dai majaw, Jinghpaw Wun-pawng mungdan gaw mina zawn shanglawt mungdan bai tai mat sai. Lama Myen ni, dai Panglung gasadi hpe n kabai kau yang, Jinghpaw ni dai awmdawm shanglawt ahkaw ahkang hpe bai lu la na n re. Dai majaw Jinghpaw ni awmdawm shanglawt ah-kaw ahkang hpe bai lu la ai gaw, Karai Kasang aq chyeju kumhpa nan rai sai. Munghpawm mungdan ngu ai hpe sinat hte gap hkat nna, shing nrai shagyeng shama nna gawde ai n re, shada gasadi jaw hkat let gawde la ai re. Raitim, dai gasadi hpe dawm kau dat ai shaloi, dai munghpawm mungdan kaw dai mungdan n nga sai. Gashadawn, Inga-lik mungdan gaw Yuropiyan

mungdan ndau shapra na pyi n ra mat sai. Myen ni shanhte nan dai Panglung gasadi hpe jahten sharun kau sai majaw, Jinghpaw Wunpawng mungdan gaw, mina zawn awmdawm shanglawt mungdan bai tai wa sai, ngu ndau shapra na sha ra sai. Panglung gasa-di hpe Myen ni jahten sai, kabai sai, ngu anhte tsun yang, kadai mungkan ma-sha, kadai Myen raitim, dai hpe n teng ai ngu ninghkap na kadai n nga na re. Hpa majaw nga yang, 1962, March shata hta Bogyuk Newin ana zing la wa ai shaloi, 1947 ning na Munghpawm Myen mung-dan aq npawt tara kanu hpe dawm kau sai lam tara shang ndau shabra sai. Dai gaw Panglung gasadi hpe jahten sharun ai lam re. Dai 1947 ning na npawt tara kanu hte Munghpawm Myen Mungdan hpe gawde la sai majaw, dai npawt tara hpe dawm kau ai gaw Munghpawm Myen Mung-dan hpe jahten sharun ai lam re. Dai majaw Mungh-pawm Myen Mungdan ngu ai n nga sai, mying sha re.

Laiwa sai 60 ning jan hta Myen ni Panglung gas-adi hpe hkrang n shapraw ai, hkrang shapraw na matu hpyi ai ni hpe mung manu mana sat kau lai wa sai.

Munghpawm Mungdan (European Union- EU)) kaw 1973 hta shanglawm mat wa sai. Raitim maning 2017 ning June shata hta EU kaw na bai le na matu sindaipa bang nna EU kaw na hka mat na matu dawdan la sai. Shanglawt phyi nna le ai n re.

Bai moi shawng e, kalai wa ai hte maren, Baltic Panglai mungdan (Lith-uania, Estonia, Latvia) ni gaw, Soviet Socialist mung-hpawm mungdan (USSR) hte galaw da ai gasadi dawm kau sai, nga nna 1991 shan-ing August shata hta ndau shabra dat sai. Dai shaloi, kaga mungdaw ni mung dai zawn ndau shabra dat ai aq marang e, dai USSR mung-hpawm mungdan gaw 1991 ning hta hten run mat wa sai. Dai shani kaw na USSR munghpawm mungdan ngu ai ndai mungkan ga kaw n nga mat sai re. Shanglawt ai mungdan 15 byin mat wa sai.

Dai hte maren, Myen ni Panglung gasadi hpe n shadik ai hta sha n-ga, dai hpe jahten sharun kau sai re majaw, munghpawm Myen mungdan ngu ai n nga sai. Dai majaw, Jingh-paw Wunpawng myusha ni gaw, Myen ni hte galaw da ai Panglung gasadi dawm kau sai, ngu tsun let shanglawt



Myen mung Asuya (shadip magam) aq ning-baw, Aung San Kaw tai wa jang she, shi a jinghkai kawa Aung San galaw da ai Pan-glung gasadi hpe, hkrang shapraw na, federal mungh-pawm Myen mungdan hpe gawde na kam let, mung masha ni shi hpe sindaipa bang nna shalun dat sai. Raitim, shi daru magam ana lu wa ai shaloi, tsaban 21 Panglung zuphpawng galaw nna, shi aq kawa galaw da ai Panglung gasadi hpe shamy-it kabai kau sai. Bai 1947 ning hta Panglung gasadi lekmat htu lawm ai Sam hte Hkang ni hpe mung NCA lekmat htu shangun sai. Dai mung Panglung gasadi hpe shamy-it kabai kau ai lam re. Ya Jinghpaw ni sha, dai NCA lekmat n htu lawm ai majaw lawt lu na lam naw hku nga ai re.

Lahta kaw ka ai hte maren, dai Panglung gasadi hpe Myen ni jahten shar-un ai aq marang-e Jingh-pawWunpawng mungdan gaw mina zawn shanglawt mungdan bai tai sai ngu yang, dai gaw Karai kasang Jinghpaw ni hpe awmdawm shanglawt ahkaw ahkang hpe bai jaw ya ai, bai shagrin ya ai lam rai nga ai.

Raitim, dai Karai Kasang jaw ai shanglawt mungdan ahkaw ahkang hpe anhte n chye nna, Myen kaw na mungdan hpyi nga yang gaw shut ai lam tai na. Dai hta n-ga, dai Karai Kasang jaw da ai Mungdan hpe Myen ni hpe ap jaw kau nna, Myen kaw na federal mungdaw mahtang she la na matu lekmat htu kau dat yang, grau shut ai lam bai tai na. Karai Kasang jaw da ai mungdan sum mat na, bai Myen kaw na federal mung-daw hpe mung n lu la na re.

Ndai kaw anhte Naga ni aq mabyin hpe naw tsun mayu ai. Naga Myusha Kongsi (Naga National Council-NNC) hpe 1946 ning, February shata 2 ya shani hpaw nna, Myen hte India Kala ni shanglawt garai n lu yang, NNC gaw Naga mungdan hpe gawde la sai. Raitim, Myen hte India Kala ni shanglawt lu wa ai hpang 1953 ning hta, Naga mungdan hpe, Naga ni hte n jahkrup ai sha garan la sai. Naga mungdan aq ka-ang e 1914 ning hta Naga ni n chye ai sha, Ingalik ni ka mahkret da ai Mcmo-han line hte maren garan la ai hku re. Bai shanhte aq hpyen dap ni hpe Naga mungdan de 1954 shaning hta shalun nna, Naga ni hpe kasat hpang wa sai. Dai ma-jaw, shannhte hte 1954 ning

kaw nna majan byin hpang wa sai re.

Dai majaw ndai majan aq manghkang gaw, Naga ni shanhte kaw na shanglawt hpyi ai majaw byin ai majan n re, Myen asuya (shadip magam) Kala asuya (shad-ip magam) hpe rawtmalan gumlau ai majaw byin ai manghkang mung n re. Shanhte, anhte aq mung-dan de shang lung wa ai majaw, anhte aq awmdawm shanglawt mungdan hpe makawp maga na matu, ninghkap kasat ai majan she re. Shanhte kaw na Naga ni hpa mung n hpyi ai.

Raitim 1980 ning hta NNC amu madu hte, ning-tau ningbaw ni rai nga ai Muivah hte Isak yan gaw, NNC hpe kau da nna, National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) ngu ai hpe January shata 31 ya shani hpaw sai. Shan aq shut ai masa gaw, anhte Naga ni kalangta shanglawt hpyi yang shanglawt n lu na, shawng nnan e, ahkaw ahkang kaba lu ai mungdaw (autonomous State) hpe shawng hpyi la ga, dai au-tonomous State lu ai hpang she, shanglawt bai hpyi ga, nga nna galaw bang wa sai. Lachyum gaw, lu da ai awm-dawm shanglawt ahkaw ah-kang hpe India Kala ni hpe jaw kau nna, India kaw na



autonomous state hpe mah-tang la ga ngu ai lachyum rai mat sai. Dai shut ai masa hpe Naga musha ni yawng n hkap la ai.

Shan aq policy hpe n hkap la ai majaw, NNC ningbaw ni, Naga Feder-al Asuya (shadip magam) Hkringmang ni, Rapdaw tingyang-up, hpyendu kaba ni law law hpe sat kau sai. Shanhte hpe n madi shadaw ai mungmasha ni hpe mung law law sat kau sai, 4000 jan daram rai na sai. Shan galaw ai lam ni hpe Kala Asuya (shadip magam) gaw manu mana ra sharawng ai hte shan hpe madi shad-aw lai wa sai. Dai rai nna, 1997 ning kawn Kala India Asuya (shadip magam) hte Autonomous State, greater Nagaland aq matu mung-masa bawngban hpang wa sai re. Dai zawn mungmasa bawngban nga ai ten ni gaw daining hte rai yang 21 ning rai wa sai. Raitim, shanhte hpyi nga ai greater Nagaland autonomous state hpe n lu ma ai. Lu na matu, myit mada hpa n nga mat sai. Shanhte a matu manu mana yawn hpa re. Greater Na-galand ngu ai gaw, Manipur, Assam, Arunachal mung-daw (States) ni kaw nga ai Naga ginra ni yawng hpe Nagaland mungdaw kaw sha pawng dat nna, India munghpawm mungdan kata

kaw grai kaba ai Nagaland mungdaw gawde na ngu ai re. Raitim, Manipur, Assam, Arunachal mungdaw ni n hkraw ai majaw, dai galoi mung n mai byin ai. Anhte Madu Karai Kasang mung shan galaw ai lam hpe n hkraw na re ngu kam ai.

Kaja ai lam langai gaw,Naga ni hpe Karai Kasang jaw da ai Naga mungdan, shanhte NSCN ni India hpe ap jaw kau n lu ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, NSCN gaw Nagaland aq madu, npawt n re, lakung kaji langai sha re ai majaw, dai lakung hkraw mat nna di hkrat mat wa ai sha tai na. NNC gaw Nagaland hpe gawde wa ai majaw NNC she Nagaland aq madu re. Dai majaw NNC sha ah-krung nga dingsa, Nagaland sum mat na Naga ni n tsang ra ai.

Dai hte maren, Jingh-paw ni mung, lama, Karai Kasang jaw da ai mungdan hpe Myen Asuya (shadip magam) hpe ap jaw kau nna, Federal mungdaw mahtang she la ga nga yang, Muivah hte Isak yan aq mabyin hte maren byin tai wa na. Lahta kaw tsun ai hte maren, hpang jahtum e awmdawm ahkaw ahkang hpe masha ni hpe ap jaw kau nna, shamat kau ai tai na, federal mung-daw hpe mung n lu la mat ai

tai na.

Hpa majaw nga yang, ya, anhte yawng chye nga sai hte maren, kaga bawsang myusha ni mung, federal mungdaw aq matu simsa ai hte mungmasa bawngban nna lu la na matu myit let NCA lekmat htu mat wa sai. Raitim, shanhte aq kaji kawoi prat kaw na ngapra wa ai zawn, shanhte aq mungdaw hta ngapra lu na matu shanhte aq mungdaw hta lamuga, nhprang sutrai ni, mare grupyin na shin-gra lamuga ni, nam maling, hpun maling, u-dat shara, hka-nawng, hkaisha mai ai zunlawng hte shareng da ai lamuga ni hpe, madu lu na matu tangshawn bawng-ban wa ai shaloi, Myen ni n hkraw ai, dai gaw ginjaw Asuya (shadip magam) hte sha seng ai, hpa majaw nga yang, Munghpawm Myen mungdan Asuya (shadip magam) gaw Mungdan kata nga ai lamuga ni yawng, ga ntsa, ga npu, hka ntsa hka npu, hte nbung gaiwang kata kaw nga ai nhprang sutrai ni yawng a npawt madu re, nga wa ai. Fed-era mungdaw ahkaw ah-kang hpe n jaw lu ai, ngu ai lachyum re. Dai majaw, Myen kaw na federal mung-daw ahkaw ahkang hpyi tim lu na n re; myit mada hpa tsepkawp n nga sai.



Lahta na Myen ni aq masa hpe maram yu dat yang, manghkang hpe bawsang myusha ni hpyi shawn ai hku hparan na shanhte n myit ai, bawsang myush ni hpe shanhte Myen ni aq kuluni mayam shatai na she myit nga ai re. Dai Myen ni aq masa hpe Jingh-paw ni ninghkap kasat nga ai. Dai majaw, Jinghpaw ni Myen ni aq kuluni mayam n tai ai.

Raitim, ya Myen ni hte federal mungdaw aq matu, lahkawng lang ngu na lekmat bai htu lawm jang, prat dingsa Myen ni aq kulu ni mayam tai mat na. Dai majaw, Myen ni hte kala-ng mi bai lekmat htu nna Myen ni aq kuluni mayam tai na malai, Karai Kasang hpe kamhpa let, shi jaw da ai mungdan hpe hkap la nna, Jinghpaw Wungpawng mungdan gaw shanlawt mungdan re ngu ai hku galaw sa wa ra sai lam gaw, jaw dik ai masa rai sai ngu hkap la nngai law. ☐

God bless Kachinland.Dated Feb. 24, 2018.

ကၽြနေနာ ခရးေတြ အၾကမၾကမ သြားခ႔ဖးတယ။ တစခါတစေလ နညးနညး ပါးပါး ရလာတယ။ တစခါတစေလ တစျပား တစခပမ ပါမလာတာေတြလညး အၾကမၾကမ ပါပ။ ၂၀.၁၁.၂၀၁၃ ရကေန႔မာ တစခါျပနျပး ဖားကန႔ ရတနာေျမက တစေခါက ျပနသြားရေတာမယ။ ဒတစခါေတာ႔ ကၽြနေနာအတြက ေမာလငခက အထားဆး ခရး ျဖစပါလမမယ။ ကၽြနေနာ ဆငကယက ျပငဆငျပး လအပတာေတြက ေၾကာပးအတထ ထညေနခန အေမ ကၽြနေနာက ၾကညေနတယ။ အေမ ကၽြနေနာ အတြက စတပေန သလပ။ ျပးေတာ ကၽြနေနာ ထြကခြာခါနးမာ အေမ ဆေတာငးေပးတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ လမးမေပၚ ဆငကယ တြနးထတလာေတာ အေမ လကလာတယ။ ဒလန႔ ဆငကယ စကႏးျပး အေမ႔က ႏတဆကျပး ထြကခြါလာခတာ လမးအေကြ႔နား ေရာကေတာ ကၽြနေနာလ႔ၾကညတယ။ အေမ ကၽြနေနာက ရပျပး ၾကညေနတနးပ။ လမးအေကြ႔ထ ကၽြနေနာ ေၾကာျပင ေျပာကကြယ သြားတ အထပါပ။ ဒလန႔ ေဂယာန႔ ဒကၡသည စခနးကထြကလာခတယ။ လႈငဇာျမ႕က ေကာျပး မနလႈငခရက ေရာကေတာ ျခေသၤ တစေကာငလ အေနာကဘက လညၾကညတယ။ ေဂယာန႔ ဒကၡသည စခနးဟာ ဟး… အေ၀းဆး ေတာငစြယ ေကြးေကြးေလးရ႕ ေအာကမာ ကနရစခပါျပ။ ၂၀.၁၁.၂၀၁၃ ရကေန႔ ည ျမစၾကးနားက အမးအမမာ အပတယ။ ညမ ဂာရန လညး လကမယ ဆေတာ ေမာငႏမ ႏစေယာက ၂၁.၁၁.၂၀၁၃ ရကေန႔ မနက ျမစၾကးနားက ထြကလာခ႔တယ။ လ၀ါးေကးရြာ ေကာလာေတာ ဂငခြကေတြ အၾကးၾကးက တစလမးလးပါပ။ ကၽြနေနာ ဆငကယက ၂၀၀၈ ထတ Kenbo 125 1SO 9001 အဆငပါ။ ဒါေပမ အေမရကနႏငငက စတန႔သမားေတြ စးတ 1SO 24000 အဆငထက စြမသလားပ၊ လမးေတြ ဘယေလာက ဆးဆး တစခါတစေလ ေကာငးကငေပၚ ပ၀လက ေျမၾကးေပၚ ထလကန႔ တကလာခတာ ေကာငးကငတမနေတြကမား မျမငရေသာ ေႏာငၾကးေတြန႔ ခေဆာငသြားေလသလားလ႔ ေအာကေမရတယ။ လးခငးေရာကေတာ ညေန ၄ နာရ ထးျပ။ တတားေပၚမာ ကားန႔ ဆငကယ အျပည ၾကတၾကတတးပါပ။ တတားေပၚမာ အနညးဆး

rdk;aumif;olodkYc&D;oGm;rSwfwrf;

Latau Seng Awng



၁၀ မနစ ၾကာမယထငတယ။ ဖါးကန႔ မရကေထာင ေရာကေတာ တညးခခနး ရာတယ။ တညးခခနး ေရာကတာန႔ မနေနဂာက ဒကေန တာမခန ဘယေလာက ေ၀းေသးလ။ သြားရင ဘယေလာကၾကာမာလ လ႔ေမးၾကညတယ။ ၂ နာရ ၀နးကင ေလာကေတာ ေမာငးရမယ မးခပမယ။ အႏာရယ မားတယတ။ ကၽြနေနာညမ ဂာရနက ဆကသြားမလားလ႔ ေမးေတာ ဘာပျဖစျဖစ သြားမယတေလ။ ညခနထ သြားရမယ လမးခရးက မနးကေလးျဖစတ ဂာရန ေတာင မေၾကာကဘး ဆရင ကၽြနေနာက “နငဂာ” ေပါ၊ ခနပေကာလႊား၊ ဓါးန႔ သငးကြကမား မးၾကးသြားလပ ဆတ႔ အတငး အႏာရယက သတရရ ရငဆင ေျဖရငးလကမယ ဆရငလညး ကၽြနေနာက ဖနပေကာက Running သငးပ တတတာ။ ဆငကယန႔ ညမေလးက ထားချပး ထြကေျပးမယ ဆရငလညး မဟတေသးဘး။ ကၽြနေနာ အစငေျပ ျပညစခနမာေတာ ဘရားသခငက ခဏခဏ မတယ။ ဒါေပမ ဒကၡ ေရာကခနမာေတာ ဘရားသခငက အျမသတရတယ။ ခလညး နပါတတစ ဘရားသခငထ ေတာငးေရာကမယ။ နပါတႏစ နညးပရယယ ကတ စကားလးေတြက သးမယေပါ။ ဒလန႔ ကႏငးေတာငၾကးက တကလာခတယ။ ေတာငလမးက မတေစာကလြနးေတာ ကၽြနေနာ ဆငကယက အသကန ေအာဟစရငးန႔ မေၾကာကန႔ မေၾကာကန႔တ။ အဒလန႔ တကလာခတာ ထရေပၚ ကတျခစျပး တကသြားတ ေၾကာင တစေကာငလပါပ။ တာမခနျမ႕ဘက အဆငးမာေတာ တစခါမ မတေစာကလြနးတ ေၾကာကေၾကာလမးက မဆငးဖးေတာ ခကျပ။ ဆငကယလညး ေထာလာဂလ တစေျဖးေျဖးန႔ မသြားေတာဘး။ ဘရတ နငးလကတာန႔ လျပ။ ကၽြနေနာ ဆငကယဘး လမတာက အားကတ ေကာကခလးေတြကလညး ကၽြနေနာ မေခၚဘ ေစတနာၾကးစြာ အဖြ႔လကၾကး လကလာတယ။ ဒလန႔ တာမခနက တစျဖညးျဖညးန႔ ေရာကသြားတယ။ တညးခခနး ဒနားမာရသလားလ႔ အမးသမး တစေယာကက ေမးၾကညတယ။ ဟနားမာ တငသနးသန ရတယတ။ တငသနးသန ေရာကေတာ ည ၇ နာရခြျပ။ မကနာသစ၊ ေျခလက သန႔စငျပး န၀ရတ ဖနး၀နေဆာငမႈ႔ ေနရာသြားျပး ကၽြနေနာညတ႕က ဖနးဆကတယ။ မေပါကဘး ဖနးဟာ ဆကလ႔ မရဘး။ ေနရာလညး မသဘး

ဆေတာ ညမေလး က စးရမလာျပလား မသဘး၊ အစကတ႔က စစမးလ႔ မရရင ဘယလ လပမလ။ အသလညးမရဘးလ႔ ေျပာလာတယ။ မစးရမပါန႔ ဂာရနရယ၊ ဘရားသခငက အေရးၾကးတခါ ကညဖ႔ အသငျဖစတယတလ႔ ႏစသမ စကားေျပာ လကရတယ။ တစကယေတာ ကၽြနေနာလညး စတမေကာငးပါဘး။ ေနာက မနက အေစာၾကး ကၽြနေနာထတယ။ မနေနဂာက ဒနးနားမာ ကခင အမရလားလ႔ ေမးၾကညတယ။ ဟ နားေဒါငမာ ရတယတ။ ကၽြနေနာ သြားရာျပး ေမးၾကညေတာ ကၽြနေနာည ေနတေနရာ အသအက ေျပာျပတယ။ တညးခခနး ျပနလာျပး ညမေလးက အစက ေျပာတယ မဟတလား၊ ဘရားသခငက အေရးၾကးခန ကညဖ႔ အသငျဖစတယ ဆတာ ခေနရာ အသအက သရျပ လ႔ေျပာလကေတာ ညမေလး မကနာက မ ေကာကရသလ ျပးျဖလ႔ေနတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ ကမးစာန႔ သကေသ ျပလကႏငေတာ ညမေလးက ကၽြနေနာက အထငၾကးလ႔ ျငမျပး နားေထာငေနတယ။ ညမအတြကေတာ ကၽြနေနာက ဓမၼတကသလ ပါေမာကၡၾကးေပါ။ ေသခာပါတယေလ… တစေယာကေသာသမာ တပညခႏငရင အေယာက တစရာက ဆရာလပႏငတယ ဆတ ေရးပညာရ စကားက မနကနေနျပပ။ ကနေသးတ ၉၉ ေရာကက ကၽြနေနာ ဆရာ လပႏငေအာင ၾကးစားရဥးမယ။ ဒလန႔ နမခမးေမာ မးေကာငးသ စားေသာကဆင သ႔ ေရာကလာခတယ။ ၃ ရက ေလာကၾကာေတာ ကတေဖာ လပတယ။ ကၽြနေနာည ေငြသးေသာငးေပးတယ။ ကငးမာ လအပတာေတြ ၀ယလကေတာ ေငြကနသြားျပ။ ကၽြနေနာမာ ကနေသးတ ေငြသးေသာငးလညး ႏစပတအတြငး ကနသြားျပ။ နနကစာ စားဖ႔ ေငြမရေတာဘး၊ ထမငးက ၁၁ နာရခြ ၁၂ နာရမာ မ စားတာဆေတာ ခကျပ။ ဒလန႔ တစပတ ေကာလာေတာ ကၽြနေနာ မခႏငေတာဘး။ ဆငရ႕ ေနာကဆး ခတနးမာ ထမငးစားရဖ႔ ေစာငရတာလညး ၾကာလာေတာ ရကလာတယ။ တစေန႔ တစေန႔ ထငေစာငတာ ၁၂ နာရ ထးလာတခါ မေစာငႏငလ႔ အပယာထ သြားလေနတခန မ တငမာဥး ႏစခါ လာေခၚတယ။ မ တငမာဥးက မနက ေကာဖ ေသာကခငရင ယေသာက လ႔ေျပာတယ။ ၃ ထတ ၃ မနက ယေသာကတယ။



၄ မနကမာ ေကာဖ ရာၾကညေတာ မရေတာဘး။ ေကာဖထတ အတြေတြ ဘယေရာကသြားသလ လ႔ခစားမတယ။ မနကကေန ေန႔လည ၁၂ နာရ ၁၂ နာရခြထ ဘာမမစားပ ဆာေလာင မြတတတစြာ ခစားရေတာ ကၽြနေနာ ၀မးနညးမတယ။ ဒအသကအရြယ ေရာကမ ဘာျဖစလ႔ ဒေလာကေတာင ကဆးရတာလေပါ။ တစကယေတာ ကၽြနေနာ အသကက မၾကးမငယန႔ ကေလးတစေယာကလ ေတာငစားရမာ ရကလ႔ပါ။ တစေန႔ကဆ ၁၂ နာရေကာမာ ထမငးဆာျပလား လ႔ ဆန႔ဘ ေမးတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ လညးဆာျပလ႔လညး မေျပာ၀ေတာ ရပါတယ။ မငးတ႔ အားတခါ စားတာေပါလ႔ ေျပာလကတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ ေစာငေနလကတယ၊ ဘာမမျပငေပးေတာ ကၽြနေနာ အပယာထ သြားလကတယ။ ျပးနာရ ျပနၾကညေတာ ညေနပငး ၁ နာရ ခြေတာမယ။ အဒအခန ဟး… အေ၀းၾကး တရတျပည နယစပ ေဂယာန႔ ဒကၡသည စခနးမာ အေမဆ အပထားတ တရတေငြ ႏစေထာငကပက သတရတယ။ တစေထာငက ျမနမာေငြလလကရင တစသနးခြရမယ။ ငါဒလ ဗကဆာေနမာ မဟတဘးလ႔ ေတြးေနခန ကၽြနေနာ မကစထက ပလလး တစလး ကလာတယ။ ဆငထ ျပနဆငးသြားတယ။ ဒလန႔ ညေန ၁ နာရခြမာ ဆနဘက မနကကေန ခထဘာမ မစားရေသးဘး ဆာမာေပါလ႔ ဆျပး ထမငးခးေပးတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ ဒလ ဆာေလာင မြတတတရငးန႔ သမားဆ ေန႔စာ ၂ ရက သြားလပတယ။ ခထ ေန႔စားခ မေပးဘး ျပညစတ သေတြပ၊ ကၽြနေနာ ေခာငလညမ ေပးမယလ႔ ေန႔စားေခၚသက ေျပာတယ။ ပတ၀နးကငက ဘာျဖစလ႔ သမားဆ ေန႔စား သြားတာလ။ ကယညေတြ သေဌးျဖစေနတာတ႔၊ ကၽြနေနာလညး ေအးဒေလာကလညး မဟတပါဘး ကၽြနေနာလညး အားေနလ႔ သြားတာပါ လ႔ေျပာလကတယ။ ေငြေၾကး ျပညစျခငး မျပညစျခငးက အဓက မဟတဘး။ ကၽြနေနာ ေငြေၾကး မျပညေပမ ဘယေတာမ ေအာကတနးက မခဘး။ အလပတစခခ လပရငလညး ကယေ၀စထက ပျပး မလခငဘး ေပးလညး မယဘး။ ဒါဟာ ကၽြနေေနာ စတသေဘာထားပါ။ မာနမာန ဆတာ စားလ႔ မရေပမ ကယဘ၀ အတြက အားေဆး ျဖစပါတယ။ ေရခးခနးထမာ ဖနပန႔ မ၀ငန႔

အမသာထမာ ဖနပ မတကန႔ လ႔ေျပာတယ။ ဒလ အမသာ သငတနး ေပးတ ေကာငမေလး သကယတင အမသာ ထမာ ဖနပန႔၊ တကလ႔ ေရလညး မရ။ ေျမၾကးေတြလညး ေပေနတာ ကၽြနေနာ ေတြ႔လ႔ ေရခပယျပး ေဆးထားခတယ။ ေရခးခနးထမာ မခးဘ။ ဟး… အေ၀းၾကး ကနေရျပင အကယၾကးထမာ သြားခးတယ။ ဘာျဖစလ႔ ဒေလာကေတာင အမသာ အေၾကာငးေရးရသလ ဆရငလမႈ႔ေရး ဆတာ သမားပ လကနာဖ႔ မဟတပ ကယတငလညး လကနာဖ႔ လမလား လ႔ပါ။ကၽြနေနာ ညရ႕ တျပည ေနာေနာတ႔ မသားစဆငနား ေျပာငးလာေတာ ေရခးခနးေသာ မလအပဘ ခဏခဏ ခတထားတာ ေတြ႕ရတယ။ ေသာ ခဏခဏ ခတထားေတာ ကၽြနေနာ ေမာေမာငးလယန ဘကက သတရတယ။ ေတာငကနးေပၚ ေမာေမာငးလယနမာ ေလာပနးတစဥးက သနး ၃၀ အကနအကချပး ဟး… အ၀ၾကး ေမာ၀မးဘက ကငးၾကး ထက ေရက သၾကးေတြ၊ သစလးတငေတြ႔၊ ေရပကေတြန႔ သြယတနးျပး မရ ဆငးေရး ေငြေၾကး မျပညစသ ေတြအတြက အခမ ေရတငကၾကး လပေပးထားတာက သတရတယ။ ဘနးၾကး တစပါးက ေျပာတယ ပညာရတ သက ကယခႏၶာကယက ကသလ အတြက အသးျပတယတ။ ပညာမသက ကယတစပ႔သာ ၾကညတယ။ ကာမဂဏမာ အသးျပတယတ။ကၽြနေနာ အဒလန႔ ေနလာခတာ တစလ ျပညေတာမယ။ မနကကေန ေန႔လညထ ဘာမ မစားဘ ေအာငခတာ ႏစပတ ျပညေတာမယ။ ၂၁.၁၂.၂၀၁၃ ရကေန႔ စေနေန႔ ငါဒကေန အျပးအပင ထြကေတာမယ။ လာမယ တနၤလာေန႔မာ ထြကမယလ႔ ဆးျဖတထားတယ။ ဒါေပမ အဒေန႔ကပ ေမာေဟာငးမာ အလပစေတာမယ လာေနလ႔ရျပလ႔ ကၽြနေနာညန႔ အလပတြလပတ ေလာပနးက ေျပာလာတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလညး သြားေတာမယဆျပး အပယာလပျပး ဆငကယေပၚ တငေနတခန ကၽြနေနာည ေမာေဟာငးမာ အလပစျပ၊ သြားေနလ႔ရျပ လ႔ေျပာရငး ေငြေလးေသာငးခြ ကဒထတေပးတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလညး သြားေတာမယလ႔ ဆငကယနား ကပလာတခန ကၽြနေနာ ဆငကယက အသ တးတးေလးန႔ ဆရာသခင ကၽြနေနာျဖင မခခငလကတာ၊



ဆရာသခငက အားနာလြနးတယ။ ဒါေပမ ဆရာက သတ႔ရ႕ စတသေဘာထားက ေလလာေနတာ ေတြ႕ရေတာ အသာေလး ေနလကရတယ လ႔ေျပာလာတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလညး ေဟ… စစေစာမ မငးပါးစပ ပတထားလ႔ ေျပာရငး ေဒါကျဖတ ေပးလကတာန႔ ျပးျပး… ျပျပးန႔ ေကာကြငးက လြတေျမာကသြားတ သမငပေလးလ ကၽြနေနာက ေမာေဟာငးဘက သြကလက ေပါပါးစြာ သယေဆာင သြားပါ ေတာတယ။ သ႔စတထမာေတာ ဆရာသခင ထမငး၀ေအာင စားရေတာမယေပါ။ေမာေဟာငး ေရာကေတာ ေလာပနးမန႔ စားဖမက ကၽြနေနာအတြက လငဗနးထမာ မနကစာ၊ ေန႔လညစာ၊ ညစာ ေကာငးေကာငး မြနမြန ခးခတ ထားေပးတယ။ ကယအမးေတြ ဆမာေတာင ထမငးနပမနေအာင မစားရေတာ ကၽြနေနာက အဒလခြမထားန႔ အားလး အတတစားမယ လ႔ေျပာေတာ ကယထက အသကၾကးတာမႈ႔ ခြထားေပးတာ အားမနာပါန႔ စားပါ။ ဘာမအပနး မၾကးပါဘးတ။ သတ႔အဒလ ပမနခြထားေပးေတာ ကၽြနေနာ မေနတတေတာဘး။ ကၽြနေနာလကေတြ မာလကာကငးလ ေခာကကပကပန႔ ႏြယပငလ လမသြားတယ။ ဘာျဖစလ႔လဆ စားဖမက အပၾကး ျဖစေနလ႔ေလ ဟး… ဟး… ျပးေတာ ကၽြနေနာတ႔ အတတ ညဘကမးပေဘး ၀ငးျပး မးလေနတခန ကၽြနေနာ႔က ကေလးက ေခာတယ၊ ႏတခမးက ရ႕လ႔ေနတာဘတ။ အဒလ ေျပာေတာ ကၽြနေနာလကေတြ တစခါျပန လမလမရငးန႔ ကၽြနေနာ ခေပၚက ျပတကတယ။ ဘာျဖစလ႔လဆ စားဖမ အပၾကးက ကၽြနေနာေဘးနားမာ ထငေနလ႔ေလ ဟး… ရကတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ ၂၀၁၃ ဒဇငဘာလ လးလး ဘရားေကာငး မတကဘး။ ၂၀၁၄ ႏစဆနး ပထမပတမာ ဘရားေကာငး တကမယ၊ ပြေတာခယမယ ဆျပး တာမခနျမ႕အန႔ ဘရားေကာငး လကရာတယ။ တစေနရာ လမးၾကားထ အေရာက ေကာငမေလး တစေယာက ဓမၼသစ ကမးစာ ကငျပး၀ငသြားတာ ေတြ႔လ႔ ကၽြနေနာ စေထာက တစေယာကလ ေႏာကက လကသြားတယ။ တစေနရာ အေရာက၊ ေဟ႔… မနးခေလး လ႔ေခၚေတာ သ ကၽြနေနာက ဓါးျပ တစေယာကက ၾကညသလ ၾကညတယ။ ဒနားမာ

ဘရားေကာငး ရသလား လေမးေတာ ဒမာရတယတ။ တစကယေတာ ကၽြနေနာ ေရာကေနတ ေနရာက ဘရားေကာငးရ႕ ေနာကေၾကာဘက ျဖစေနတယ။ ပတသြားျပး မႈတ၀ကေန ၀ငသြားတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလ မကႏာစမး ေရာကလာေတာ ၾကဆ ႏတဆကၾကတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလညး ဘရားေကာငးတက ခငလ႔လာတာပါ လ႔ ေျပာရငး ၁၀ နာရခြေတာ ဘရားေကာငးထ ၀ငသြားတယ။ ၀တျပ အစညးအေ၀း မစခင ဆရာမက ေရ႕က တငေပးျပး သခငး ဆတယ။ ေပာေပာ ရႊငရႊငပါပ။ အသငးသ အသငးသား တငးဟာ ေလာကဇာတ အမအရာေတြ မပါဘး ဘရားသခငရ႕ ပသကေသ ေဖာေဆာငႏငၾကတယ။ သခငးတငေပးတ ဆရာမကလညး သြကလက ေပါပါးစြာ ဂဏေတာက ခးမြမးရငး ကယဟနေတြန႔ လႈပခါျပတယ။ အသားအေရာငက ေရႊေရာငန႔ အျဖ ေရာထားတ အဆငး ဆေတာ ကခင တငးရငးသ ရ၀မမေလး လ႔ေတာင မထငဘး၊ ေကာငးကငတမနမားလားလ႔ ေတာငေအာက ေမရတယ။ ကၽြနေနာ အဒအသငးေတာက ခငတယ။ သတ႔ရ႕ စတထား ျဖစငမႈ႔က ၾကကတယ။ ခစလညးခစတယ။ ဘရားေကာငး ဆငးေတာ ကခင တငးရငးသားထက လဆ လမး အသငးသား တစဥးက ေနာကခရးၾကရင ျဖစျဖစ ဘယလ အၾကာငးန႔ ျဖစျဖစ ၀ငလာပါဆျပး အမသရေအာင ကၽြနေနာက သ႔အမ ေခၚသြားတယ။ ေကာဖတကတယ။ ကၽြနေနာလညး ကယမသားစ ထ၀ငသြား သလ ခစားမတယ။ စတထမာေတာ ေမာထမာ ေနေန သေရြ႕ အဒ အသငးေတာ ထမာ ပါ၀ငမယလ႔ ဆးျဖတထားတယ။ ခငမင ေလးစားစြာျဖင မးေကာငးသ အဖြ႔သားမားက ေမတာ ရပခခငတယ။ ဒစာ ေရးထားတ အတြက ကၽြနေနာက ေဒါသ ထြကမယဆရင ကၽြနေနာ ဖတဖးတ စာအပထက စကားေလး တစခြနးန႔ ေတာငးပနခငတယ။ “He who angers you, controls you” သငက ေဒါသ ထြကေစေသာ သသည သငက ေဖးမ လမးညြနသ ျဖစတယတ။ ☐ See you again, Htingnai Shayi ျပနဆမယေနာ မးေကာငးသ။



MYIT HKRUM GAHKYIN GUMDIN LET PANDUNG DU HKRA SA

Wunpawng Pahtau

Moi na kaji kawa ni a labau hpe hti

hkaja yu yang,Wunpawng amyusha ni gaw grai gah-kyin gumdin let, myusha lam hta shakut shaja ai hpe sawk hti hkaja lu ai. Sut masa lam, hpaji machye machyang lam ni tsaban 21 prat na ningbaw ningla ni daram n chye n lu na ma ai. Raiti mung, zinlum ai lam hta hpring tsup nga ai hpe hti hkaja la lu ai. Daini na tsaban 21 prat hta tinggyeng nga pyaw sut su lam hkrai shanang mat wa ai majaw, myit hkrum gahkyin gumdin ai lam hta gawng kya ai lam ni byin wa nga sai re. Dr. OLA HANSON htet da ai Jing-hpaw ni myit hkrum nga mu, Hkawhkam lu mai ai nga tsun da sai hte maren, anhte Wunpawng myusha ni “nang grau ngai grau” n nga ai sha, myit hkrum lam gaw ninggun kaba re ai. Shada myit masin hpe hpaw malang nna gahkyin gum-din let, magam bungli hta gwi gwi galaw nga ga ai rai yang, Federal Munghpawm sa-ra hpe lai di nna awm-dawm shanglawt Mungdan byin tai wa na re. Daini na ten hta anhte Wunpawng ni hpaji ning-hkring, sut du ni grai nga

wa sai ten, shada dinghku manghkang ni hpe tsun htailai hkat nga na malai, myusha magam hta myit hkrum gahkyin gumdin let, jawm galaw ai rai yang, pandung de du lu wa na re. Dai Pandung de du lu na matu, nang ngai marai hkum ngau shagu a n-gun atsam hte sha n mai byin ai majaw, Hkristu a hkyeh-krang la ai, sai hte gingdan ai amyu ni tai nga na matu, tinang myit masin hkumh-krang hpe shachyoi shapra nga ai rai yang, anhte yawng myit mada nga ai pandung de du lu wa na re.Chyum laika hta Karai Kasang tsun da ai, langai hte langai hpe shaman chy-eju ren di jaw sai nga tsun ai hte maren nbung hkat ai shaman chyeju kumhpa atsam ningja hpe pawng hpawm ninghtan dat yang wunpawng myusha yawng gaw grau hkrum tsup wa na re. Myusha lakung shagu

hta nbung hkat ai atsam ningja lu ai hkrai rai nga ga ai. Ga shadawn tsun ga nga yang, Nhtu, Ningwa, Shang Hkawp, Shangban, Nhkyau, Nri, Zing-ret ndai n bung hkat ai atsam ningja rawng ai rung rai ni hkumzup yang she, Dingh-ku langai hta kan bau bungli galaw lu galaw sha lam rawt jat wa na re. Dai majaw myusha lakung shagu myit hkrum let n bung ai atsam ningja hpe pawng hpawm ninghtan nna myusha magam bun-gli hta shang lawm ai rai yang, Wunpawng Mungdan, Wunpawng myusha yawng awngdang ai de du lu wa na re. Wunpawng myusha ni yawng a pandung de du na matu gaw dawjau mayu ai myit masin, ta-tut hkrang shapraw ai lam hta gwi gwi hte myusha bungli hpe magra jum chye ai marai hkum shagu hta rawng ai rai yang Jinghpaw mung gaw simsa lam n lu na lam n nga na re.Wunpawng myusha ni a shawnglam magam bungli ni hta ningmu n bung hkat ai lam byin wa shaloi, shada mara shagun hkat, aten jahtum shama kau ai lam



n nga ai sha, shada gaw jaw kaja htaphtuk manu ai mahtai hpe jawm tam jah-krup la ai ladat hpe lang sa wa yang, anhte myit mada ai awmdawm shanglawt mungdan de du lu wa na re.Wunpawng myusha yawng gaw makam masham lam, htunghkring, matsan lusu, buga ginra n ginhka ai sha, grau nna yakhkak nga ai kundinghku, buga kahtaw-ng ni hpe ningshawng jaw nna gahkyin gumdin let, buga kahtawng bawngring lam hpe madung tawn jawm galaw shakut na gaw woi awn nga ai ningbaw ningla ni a lit re ai zawn, nang ngai Wunpawng myusha hkum ngau shagu gaw gahkyin gumdin chye ai myit masin rawng nga ai hte ta-tut hkrang shapraw sa wa mung, ahkyak nga sai.Myit hkrum gahkyin gum-din ai hte Hkristu hta rawt-jat galu kaba ai Wunpawng myusha ni tai nga ga yang gaw, Wunpawng myusha ni hpe dip da ai mahkra kaw na lawt lu wa na hte mung-shawa hta shadip jahprang nga ai, shimlum ngwi pyaw simsa rap-ra tara ai hte hkrung grin simsa nga mu nga mai ai Wun-pawng Gumrawng Gumtsa Mungdan hpe amyusha ni yawng gahkyin gumdin let, jawm gawgap la wa na, ga law…☐

Introduction : The land profiles the Kachin worldview. The life of Kachin people is always attached to the land. Land is the basis of their life. It defines and determines their worldview, identity and destiny. Land and people are inseparable because their historical, cultural, religious, economic and po-litical life is deeply rooted in it and supported by it. Therefore, it is a needy con-cern to describe the Kachin conceptual understanding of land, and their traditional way of landholding system such as land acquirement, land classification and land uses.

1. The Original Kachin Conceptual Understand-ing of Land To begin with, own-ership of land is vested in the community but not in individual person. The clan is the trustee of the land it occupies. The community or clan includes not only the living members, but also the ancestors and future gener-ations. That is why for the

The Traditional Landholding System

Among The Kachin PeopleNmaw Hpung Kam (HLD)

indigenous Kachin people land and blood are homol-ogous. The vital element in the restoration of communi-ty life is the land. The soci-ety, culture, religion, iden-tity and their very existence are intimately linked to the land they hold. Personhood of a Kachin is rooted in land so it is life. Earth is mother from whom all substance comes to uphold and sus-tain life. For them, land is a symbol of social prestige and dignity. Land is not property but relationship. Land is also sacred because the ancestors have lived and worked on the same land their bonds are lying in their land and are finally taking rest there. Moreover, land is understood as the symbol of unity of all living creatures because it unites including the Creator, spirits, ances-tors and creation as one family. The preservation of land is not an issue of utility, but life itself. Again they believe that land cre-ates time and history. As a whole, Kachin people can only understand the land in relation to God the Creator.



1.1. Lamuga, buga and buga hpung Lamuga is combination of two Jing-hpaw word meaning lamu (sky/heaven), ga- (land/earth). Therefore, it concep-tualizes oneness of heaven and earth. In other word, heaven and earth are insep-arable in Kachin concept. Another Jinghpaw word buga is also combination of two words ‘bu’ people/vil-lager and ‘ga’ territory/land which together denotes the inseparable connection of land and people. Here, the word buga holds the people and land as one entity. The local church is also called ‘buga hpung’ which can be translated as “assembly of people and land”. There-fore, these three words together connote the social, cultural, religious, political, economic and ecological landscape of Kachin people. The core meaning is that no land no humanity.

1.2. Lamu madu ga madu – God is ultimate owner of heaven and earth For the Kachin people, God is the ultimate owner of the heav-en/sky and earth/land. He discloses himself as creator and lord of universe. This notion of God is further identified as two benevolent spirits the owner of sky/heaven (lamu madai) and the owner of land/earth (ga

madai) who are believed as the kin relatives of the human beings. Besides, the dancing manau festival, along with some sacrificial offerings, is given to madai spirit for prosperity, amber harvest and procreation by the chief. Such cele-bration of manau festival (especially hkridip manau) is a special perquisite of the chief to claim his basic Kachin political culture legacy. It is also a sign of claiming the birth right of the people (shadip shahpang ahkaw-ahkang) by dedicat-ing the shadip lung. Shad-ip-lung (a stone) is dedicat-ed and used by the Kachin heredity chief to claim his ownership of land. The stone, they believed, is skull of Ninggawn wa Magam who first prescribed and in-structed certain land laws to the Kachin people. It is the book of traditional Kachin land law. The opening ceremony of shadip-lung is the celebration of shadip hpaw manau/ hkridip manau festival, and validation of God’s ultimate ownership of land whereas humans are its stewards with certain moral responsibilities. Humans are to manage landed resources to meet their daily needs but not to fulfill their limitless desire. Thus, without land, God cannot be conceptual-ized and vice versa.

1.3. Land is a gift from God Kachin tradition pre-serves land as a divine gift and inheritance. It is said that when the Great Flood (majoi sha-u) entirely del-uged the land of the Kachin people, there were two people Daru Chyani and Magam Shabyi, who lived being faithful to good spirit on earth. During the flood-ing days, they took a small drum (madum chyingtawt) and when flood subsided it finally rested on ‘flat-topped hill’ (majoi shingra bum). Hence Daru Chyani and Magam Shabyi were able to find a new inhabitable land to start a new life and a new civilization on earth. The inhabited land was heavenly inheritance. In a nutshell, it is to demonstrate that land is a gift from God and with-out land there is no life.

2. Acquiring Kachin Land Land is acquired by discovering, invading, spe-cial military venturing and sharing.

2.1. Acquiring land by discovering Pungga Ja Li opines that in some part of the northern Kachin State there were no other people when the Kachin people entered into it. It was abandoned by many other tribes due to



natural calamities and pan-demic diseases. In line with Ja Li, Maju Tu Ja further explains that when some few Kachins entered into the Puato valley there lived another tribe who were called Zemi Zemat people. However, due to a heavy monsoon flood at the upland Irrawaddy River flood (Mali Nmai Sha-u) which was followed by a plague caused the Zemi Zemat people to abandon the Putao valley. Another reliable tradition narrates that Khamti Shan people had been already settling down in the Putao valley approximately before the Kachins entered into it. Nevertheless, they occu-pied only some areas of the valley and did not venture most of the region especial-ly its hill areas. Thus, it is no wrong to state that the Kachin people had acquired land by discovering virgin land/ no man’s land. 2.2. Acquiring land by invasion Most part of the present Kachinland was invaded from neighboring indige-nous people. For instance, Dakkasu Htoi San assumes that the 5th century polit-ical climate of the Shan, Chin and Naga people who had been settled in the Hugawng valley, there was land dispute among

these people. It was around AD 1550 – 1650, in such political chaos, a group of Kachin people led by a powerful warrior Laisai Pu Nawng Gum Hkawng and other Kachin chiefs invaded the Hugawng valley and some other parts of western Kachin land. But the Kachin people never invaded Bur-mese land.

2.3. Acquiring land by mili-tary venturing (Regau-ga) The regau ga is attained by military venturing in warfare by brave warriors. Practically, when a chief’s territory is being invaded by outsiders, the offended chief will invite his alliance to protect the land from the offender with a promise to reward some portion of his territory, if the mission is successful. Once the invad-er is defeated the promised ally is given some portion of land (regau ga).2.4. Land-pack (Kumh-pa-ga) Land-pack is granted/token land to a family that needs greater land-dwell-ing by the chief. The liberty for acquiring kum-hpa ga is open during the wealth-sharing festival (sut hkaw manau). Customarily, the needy family presents a packet of handful of fresh soil with green leaves (ga makai) to the chieftain who

hosts the festival. The ga makai symbolizes that the family is in need of more sites within the village land for their livelihood. As the festival is to share wealth, with the fellow-citizens within the community, granting kumhpa ga to the needy family is indispens-able act of the chief.

2.5. Land for blood-feud (baw hka/bunglat hka ga) Land for blood-feud is demanded in case of murder (si bunglat) but the inci-dent is very rare. Tanghpre village, at the confluence of Mali and Hpungmai Hka River, is one of the examples of bunglat hka ga. Formerly, Tanghpre village belong to Lahtaw clan. Nevertheless, there happen unexpected incident during the time of the British colo-nial government, i.e. there left an unidentified corpse and all the Lahtaw families refused to identify and bury it. At that moment, Mashaw family members, who be-long to Mashaw Chyahkyet Nhkum clan, buried the corpse and the Tanghpre vil-lage land was automatically transferred to them.

3. Classification of land The classifications of land system among the Kachin people are of two types. They are explained in



brief below:

3.1. The native land The Kachins have two ideas about native land (shadip shahpang lamuga /uma ga): firstly, it is a place where the shadip stone is kept by a chief as to claim his ownership of land. Sec-ondly, when a child is born its navel cord is cut and buried in the ground where one of the main posts of the house is posted. The sym-bolic meaning of burying the navel-cord is to claim the birth right of the child which is the right to live on the native land (dialup daihpang lamuga/shadai lup ga/daidaw buga). Therefore, land is seen as source of authority and right of the people.

3.2. The clan land The land is divided according to the clans and each clan has several terri-torial chiefs who own differ-ent domains within the clan land. Though the land may belong to a particular clan and well demarcated, it can also be inhabited by other clans and tribes. Within the clan territory, every village has a well demarcated terri-tory. Formally, all clan lands are legalized and granted guaranty by British Govern-ment in 1889 and it lasted till 1964. This is shows that

there is no fallow and virgin land within Kachinland. The clan is the trustee of the land.

4. Village land and its uses Generally, the village land is further categorized and used for different pur-poses:

4.1. The secret land (hkrit maling) Within clan land there are several villages and each village has secret land (hkrit maling). It was a kind of reserved forest but concept and purpose of keeping hkrit maling is dif-ferent. Some villages have more than three secret lands within the village land. It is conserved mainly to protect ecological environment. Traditionally, this secret land is conserved as a com-mon home for spirits, hu-mans, animals, birds, plants. Hunting, fishing, gathering, shouting, burning, cutting trees and plants is restricted in this area. They believe that if a person enters into this restricted area without divine permission he or she may be possessed and killed by the guardian of forest (jahtung/hka nat) who is as-signed by God as to protect and take care of it. Again because of misconduct of a person the whole villagers can suffer certain conse-

quences such as famine, plague and so on. For exam-ple; if a wild animal has a gunshot wound and entered into hkrit maling the hunter stops hunting it, believing that the wounded animal will be recovered by con-suming herbs and free relax. The (only) person who can enter into this secret land is the herbalist who is direct-ed by the divination to get herbs for the sick.

4.2. The natural village wall (mare bunghku/num-shang maling) Every traditional Kachin village is surround-ed by a planned forest or natural village wall (mare bunghku). Generally, the area of natural village wall covers more than two kilo-meters of land in all direc-tions. This is a place where villagers grow different kinds of herbs, plants, and trees to assist their liveli-hood. It becomes a source of collecting raw materials for immediate needs of the village community. For in-stance, when a person meets an accident they rush to get the first aid from this forest. And in case of any acciden-tal death the villagers will collect things from this very land such as firewood, lily leaves for packing foods, coffin, etc., to carry out the funeral ceremony.



It is also a paradise of birds and refuge to some wild animals. Throughout the year seasonal flowers and fruits are available not only for the people but also for the birds and animals to sustain life. By observing the season of singing birds and insects, and the season-al flowers and fruits, the vil-lagers live a prime rhythmic life with nature. Habitually, villagers work by observing the changes that take place in the mare bunghku. There-fore, for the traditional Kachin community the mare bunghku is like a natural book which is written on the surface of land to instruct them when to sow, harvest, hunt and fish, celebrate fes-tivals, sleep, eat, wake up, and do their chore. It is a natural shelter of the village that protects from the direct attack of enemies and natu-ral calamities.

4.3. The family land Gen-erally, the common villagers use certain sites of land for housing, gardening, affor-estation, shifting cultiva-tion, terrace cultivation and in the lowland they practice wet-land cultivation.

4.4. Housing site Before, caves and deep forests were made use as alternative homes for families, groups and clans. For example,

Penam cave was the alter-native home for the Maran clan. The land stands as a common home. It is used to build granaries and houses both for human and domes-ticated animals.

4.5. Kitchen garden siteIn addition to the basic oc-cupation of raising seasonal crops, almost all house-holds have kitchen gardens known as sun-wang. In this way, a Kachin in his or her own place is never away from cultivation in one way or the other. Maintaining kitchen garden is mainly to produce spices, fruits and vegetables.

4.6. Site of mali hparaMali hpara is similar to woodland in which the Kachins not only preserve and produce wood but other plants are also grown for different purposes. Each family owns mali hpara by adding alternative planta-tion on natural vegetation. Plants like lilies, varieties of bamboos, rattan, tea plant, livistona and calamus; varieties of herbs and trees like walnut, neem trees are planted without cleansing the original forest. It is a site of natural forestry and planned flora which is most-ly located within the area of mare bunghku and also other subsidiary of village

land. This site signifies the long and warmth peaceful existence of the villagers.

4.7. Shifting cultivation, terrace and wet-land culti-vation The shifting cultiva-tion was the mainstay and the oldest form of Kachin cultivation. The Kachin shifting cultivators not only plant paddy on the dry farm, but they also plant different kinds of vegetables. It is a system of mixed cropping. Crops are sowed under rain-fed condition during monsoon seasons and they are reaped or harvested at beginning from autumn to winter seasons. The system of shifting cultivation does not damage the natural environment; instead, it has many benefits. It is because it maintains the system of rotational shifting cultiva-tion. In most places the land is cultivated after every fifteen or more than twenty years. However, in the pop-ulated places the land is cul-tivated after every seven or eight years. The land allot-ment depends on the size of the area of the village land and yet a family may own more than ten portion of land for shifting cultivation. Depending on their labor, a family can cultivate by extending the size of land that they previously owned.



If the land is fertile the cultivation will be repeated (yipun htu/hkaibang bang) in the same land for another year, but such practice is very rare. Nevertheless, the selection of a new farming land and the repeat cultiva-tion mostly depends on the divination, and not always on the fertility of the land. Apart from shifting cultiva-tion the land is being used for the terrace cultivation and wet-land cultivation by the modern farmers. Gener-ally, the terrace cultivation is found in the Ngawchang region of eastern Kachin State and other Kachin hilly areas. In the fertile lowland the wet-land cultivation is found everywhere and becomes the mainstay of the Kachin people.

4.8. Special site for birds/animals (uri ugan nin-shawng ) Sporadically, small spot of land (uri ugan ning-shawng) is left uncultivated between the fields of shift-ing cultivation. It is kept uncultivated with a special intension to safeguard wildfowl, pheasant and so on. Normally, the Kachin people practice shifting cultivation by clearing the forest. All the vegetation on the selected jungle is cut down between January and March, and is allowed

to dry and burnt mostly in April. Though all the vegetation on the field is cut down and dried up many wild birds and animals use to shelter on it. And when the field is burnt they have no choice but to rush to the uri ugan nishawng for sheltering and breeding. This is one of the upright ecofriendly acts of tradition-al Kachin.

4.9. Using land as dowry If a chief’s lineage dies living no male heirs and if the members of lineage of the same clan agrees, then succession may pass through a daughter instead of a son. The land is tread-ed as it were one of the dowries of the girl’s dowry and her husband and his lineage heirs become the title holders. Land trans-ferred in this way is called kungdawn ga/kabang tauku ga. Such transfer is rare. The land is transferred with limited power to exercise. The land can be used for housing, hunting, fishing, and cultivation. In the times of famine and war, the people in this kungdawn ga are granted the right to search roots by tilling the soil for survival. But they can neither sell and loan the land nor extract its mineral resources.

4.10. Using land as graveyard (lup) Three kinds of graves are recognized; the bee-hive shape (hkinchyang lup), a shed without wall (jarawp lup), and a cairn or a monumental casement of cut stone (nlung lup). The place where to dig a grave is always ascertained by divination. Typically, there are three sites that are made used of graveyards.

4.10.1. The deep ditch (luphka) The luphka is a typical Kachin grave which is dug around the hole, signifying that the inmate from now on it belongs to the other side and must not pass over to this. Formerly some of these ditches were ten to fifteen feet deep, and had a circumference of seven-ty-five to a hundred feet, and approximately 5 to 10 feet in breath depending on how the bereaved family wishes. At the bull-eye of lupkha a tangible grave is dug to bury the corpse. And to bury the corpses of the chiefs and important leaders the area of luphka requires more than one acre of land.

4.10.2. Nbya-da The Jinghpaw Kachin word nbya means ‘aborted child’ and da here means ‘abandon’. The nbya da is a



site to abandon aborted chil-dren who died while deliv-ering or in the womb before delivery. The aborted child is put in dragon bamboo tube (kawa wara ndum) and kept mostly on the branch of the tree that produces latex. It is believed that the soul of aborted child will continue to grow and sur-vive by drinking the latex from the tree since it cannot suck its mother’s milk. It is common experience that in the site of nbya da people usually hear the sounds of crying babies and believe that the tree really nurture aborted children. Nbya da is kept undisturbed and pro-hibited for cultivation and gathering activities. The site is fixed and it may be less than five acres of land. To-day, the sites of nbya da are found only in the traditional villages.

4.10.3. The cemetery Using the land in the form of cemetery for the whole village community was introduced by the British colonial government and the Christians. Today, in big villages and towns there are several cemetery sites for Buddhists, Muslims, Hin-dus, Christians, traditional religion practitioners and the government military cemeteries.

4.10.4. Tsu-wawn ga (share-land of the departed spirits) The Kachin believes that every individual at the moment of death becomes a spirit (tsu), which is looked upon as a half-spirit bound for the ancestral regions. This place, the abode of all disembodied spirits unless they return to their former habitations, is designated by the term tsu wawn ga, the land of the shades or death village. There are three re-lated terminologies: katsan ga, the far away country; jat na ga, the land of the per-petual increase, the abode of the departed, and jiwoi ga, the ancestral realms. These are abstract terminologies but refer to the space within the tsu wawn ga where the departed spirits are believed to live peacefully. Each clan possesses tsu wawn ga which is considered as a shared land for the departed souls. All the tsu wawn ga are located in hilly regions within the Kachinland where the Kachin ancestors had lived and died. So peo-ple conserve it as historical and sacred place.

4.11. The soil as an alterna-tive foodstuff and medicine The Kachin people consume a particular soil namely sanghpan ga or ga-sha ga believing that

one is being born out of soil and sustained and nurtured by it. The sites ga-sha ga are found in many plac-es but only three sites are mentioned here, namely Ranghpang, Nding Uma, and Sinatbum in Ugyinnoi village. They consume both wet and dry soil. The soil is not sandy. The soil is packed with piece of leaf or cloth and press upon the body to remedy either stress or pressure. Again it is consumed as medicine or alternative foodstuff. Over again it is taken and sunk in the water, filtered and drink so as to satisfy thirst and to stop loose motion and other gastrointestinal problems. More importantly, when a person is possessed by hun-gry spirit (hkugwi) the soil is taken as first aid medi-cine. If the hungry person is serious so that he cannot even open his mouth to eat the soil it will be applied on his lips for immediate remedy.

4.12. Land is sacred wor-ship center Land is sacred because it is common worship cen-ter. From time immemorial land is used as a worship center either by making shrines and alters on it. At the entrance in most of the traditional villages, is to be found a sacred area



(numshang) where cer-tain important rituals are performed annually. Even today, the Kachinland re-mains the common worship center for different religious communities.

4.13. Land an alternative dancing ground Land is an alternative dancing ground for not only for fauna and flora but also for spirits. There are many romantic and traditional Kachin songs that sing the movement of plants and animals. They believe that manau dance was first learn from sun spirits and other animals like dancing birds, butterflies, dancing fish in the running water and frogs on muddy ponds. On the manau festival, they of-fer manau dance to mudai spirit. Celebrating manau festival requires certain dancing-ground (naura pa) to entertain public dancers. At the same time, there are certain other occasional community gatherings in which land is made use of dancing ground.

4.14. Land an alternative playground The Kachin people use their land as an alternative playground. They play traditional games and sports like wrestling, test their strength in certain positions

with bamboo poles, play marbles, a kind of “last tag,” and spin tops, tug-of-war, pelting people with bean bags, fighting (games only), hide and seek, five stone (jawtlang si taw), kabaddi (dahkap taw), etc. Today, there are different playgrounds in Kachinland as to play modern sports and games.

Summary and concluding remark From the above dis-cussion on ‘the traditional landholding system among the Kachin people’ can be sum up that in the past, the Kachin people have had communal ownership of land. Strict moral respon-sibilities were imposed to consecrate, conserve and protect land. Safeguarding created world itself was caring self and community. Land has provided nurtured and sustained the livelihood of the community. Land is the crux of the Kachin people. In their worldview, land was sacred and rela-tionship which could not be commercialized. Land is conceptualized as a gift from God and heavenly in-heritance which has a theo-logical significance to state that God is the ultimate owner of heaven and earth, and the humans as tempo-rary stewards. However, the

land in reality was attained by discovering, invading, and military venturing by braves. Therefore, land is seen as source of authority and rights of the people. There is a dense network of the people and land i.e., an inner connection between the history, spiritual, social and land. The land-centered life of the Kachin is found physically, spiritually and emotionally. Thus, the land serves as their basic source of livelihood, ground of being and identity. The land is everything for the Kachin people.

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Unpublished bookHpung Kam, Nmaw. “The Manau of the Kachins: A platform for Indigenous Kachin Christian Theolo-gy.” B.D. Thesis, Eastern Theological College, Jorhat, 2012.

____________________, “A Study on the Commer-cialization of Kachinland for Constructing a Kachin Christian Theology of Land.” M.Th Thesis, Clark Theological College, Mokokchung, 2017.

SeriesK. Zau Nan. “Awmdawm Theology.” In Theology un-der the Bo Three: Contextu-al Theologies in Myanmar.Contextual Theology Series 1. Edited by K. Zau Nan, 181- 217. Insein, Yangon:

Myanmar Institute of Theol-ogy, 2014.

InterviewsAwng Te, Singnan. Senior Pastor, Shatapru Kachin Baptist Church, Myitkyina. Interviewed on 9 May, 2016.

Seng Tu, Dum. Myitkyina. Interviewed on 30 Jan, 2018.

Gawng, Nmaw. Deacon, Myitkyina. Interviewed on 2 May, 2016.

Ja Awng, Lagang . Mahkaw Yang village. Interviewed on 16 Jan, 2018.

Ja Li, Pungga. Oral Re-searcher, Kachin Research Society, Laiza. Interviewed on 25 October, 2016.

Tu Ja, Maju. Part time lec-ture, Kachin language and Culture, Kachin Theological College and Seminary. In-terviewed on 11 May, 2016.Sam Tu, Htingnan. Secre-tary, Jinghpaw Cultural and Literature Committee, My-itkyina. Interviewed on12 May, 2016.

Yaw, Nbau. A Kachin tra-ditional priest, Myitkyina. Interviewed on 12 May, 2016. ☐

2018 2015...2015 2018 6 nga ai rai yang, ni htum ai mayu ni hte amyu rusai bung ai ni kaw ahkang...

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