2019 annual report and sourcebook of federal ... - ussc

DRUG OFFENSES

108 | 2019 Sourcebook

Powder Cocaine 17.9%

Crack Cocaine 7.8%

Heroin 12.6%

Marijuana 8.6%Other

10.9%

Methamphetamine 42.2%

Figure D-1

DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY DRUG TYPEIN FEDERAL DRUG CASES1, 2

Fiscal Year 2019

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2019 Datafile, USSCFY19.

1 Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, one was excluded due to missing information on drug type. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

2 The 'Other' drug category includes the remaining primary drug types of which the following have more than 50 cases: Fentanyl N-Phenyl (900), Oxycodone/Oxycontin (464), Fentanyl Analogue (101), MDMA/Ecstasy/MDA (93), Hydrocodone (90), and Synthetic Cannabinoid (63).

Drug Offenses | 109

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

TOTA

L19

,765

19,4

6398

.528

11.

42

0.0

00.

012

0.1

70.

00

0.0

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,58

13,

430

95.8

149

4.2

10.

00

0.0

10.

00

0.0

00.

0

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

565

1,50

696

.257

3.6

00.

00

0.0

20.

10

0.0

00.

0

Her

oin

2,50

92,

484

99.0

251.

00

0.0

00.

00

0.0

00.

00

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Mar

ijuan

a1,

675

1,66

599

.44

0.2

00.

00

0.0

00.

06

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00.

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Met

ham

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amin

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er2,

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1,98

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11

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1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

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ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed L

ocat

ions

),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

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Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

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miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

Con

tinui

ngC

rim

inal

§2D

1.1

Dru

gTr

affic

king

§2D

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Prot

ecte

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catio

nsM

anuf

actu

ring

Ente

rpri

se

§2D

1.5

§2D

1.6

Com

mun

icat

ion

Faci

lity

§2D

1.8

Ren

t/Man

age

Dru

gEs

tabl

ishm

ent

Enda

nger

ing

Hum

an L

ife

Tabl

e D

-1

§2D

1.14

Nar

co-

Terr

orism

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

PRIM

AR

Y D

RU

G T

YPE

OF

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

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§2D

1.10

Whi

le


DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,734

4,96

825

.25,

406

27.4

8,73

744

.362

33.

2

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,57

522

96.

496

827

.12,

345

65.6

330.

9

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

560

825.

31,

265

81.1

197

12.6

161.

0

Her

oin

2,50

638

915

.51,

068

42.6

1,02

240

.827

1.1

Mar

ijuan

a1,

672

224

13.4

235

14.1

1,13

067

.683

5.0

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

427

3,34

639

.71,

122

13.3

3,58

042

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94.

5

Oth

er1,

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698

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748

37.5

463

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3

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

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fend

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ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

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(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

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ocat

ions

),

2D1.

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ontin

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Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

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se o

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omm

unic

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cilit

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8 (R

ent/M

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Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

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14

(Nar

co-T

erro

rism

). O

f the

se 1

9,76

5 ca

ses,

31 w

ere

excl

uded

due

to m

issin

g in

form

atio

n on

offe

nder

's ra

ce.

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

OTH

ER

Tabl

e D

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RA

CE

OF

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

ERS1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

WH

ITE

BLA

CK

HIS

PAN

IC

Drug Offenses | 111

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,765

16,4

5083

.23,

315

16.8

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,58

13,

187

89.0

394

11.0

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

565

1,43

891

.912

78.

1

Her

oin

2,50

92,

155

85.9

354

14.1

Mar

ijuan

a1,

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1,46

087

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512

.8

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

435

6,57

577

.91,

860

22.1

Oth

er2,

000

1,63

581

.836

518

.3

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

),

2D1.

2 (P

rote

cted

Loc

atio

ns),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

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201

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Y19

.

MA

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Tabl

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GEN

DER

OF

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TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

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Fisc

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2019

FEM

ALE


DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,765

517

2.6

2,39

212

.13,

523

17.8

3,73

418

.93,

477

17.6

4,01

220

.31,

628

8.2

482

2.4

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,58

152

1.5

337

9.4

610

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18.2

654

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Cra

ck C

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Her

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12.6

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20.5

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18.3

402

16.0

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196

7.8

823.

3

Mar

ijuan

a1,

675

138

8.2

359

21.4

319

19.0

283

16.9

193

11.5

237

14.1

113

6.7

332.

0

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ham

phet

amin

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218

2.6

959

11.4

1,40

316

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640

19.4

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.11,

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721

8.5

154

1.8

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462.

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812

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618

.337

018

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.738

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1 Of t

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8 ca

ses,

in 2

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5 th

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ced

unde

r USS

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hapt

er T

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Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

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ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

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), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

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ocat

ions

),

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5 (C

ontin

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Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is ta

ble

are

prov

ided

in A

ppen

dix

A.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

AG

E O

F D

RU

G T

RA

FFIC

KIN

G O

FFEN

DER

S1

Fisc

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ear

2019

31 to

35

41 to

50

Und

er 2

121

to 2

526

to 3

0Tabl

e D

-4

51 to

60

Ove

r 60

36 to

40

Drug Offenses | 113

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,743

15,5

5678

.84,

187

21.2

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,56

72,

302

64.5

1,26

535

.5

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

565

1,53

798

.228

1.8

Her

oin

2,50

92,

055

81.9

454

18.1

Mar

ijuan

a1,

674

949

56.7

725

43.3

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

428

6,91

682

.11,

512

17.9

Oth

er2,

000

1,79

789

.920

310

.2

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

),

2D1.

2 (P

rote

cted

Loc

atio

ns),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

Of t

hese

19,

765

case

s, 22

wer

e ex

clud

ed d

ue to

miss

ing

info

rmat

ion

on o

ffend

er's

citiz

ensh

ip st

atus

. D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

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es

us

ed in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

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Com

miss

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201

9 D

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Y19

.

U.S

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IZEN

Tabl

e D

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CIT

IZEN

SHIP

OF

DR

UG

TR

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END

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2019

NO

N-U

.S. C

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EN


DR

UG

TY

PETO

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1,26

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Cra

ck C

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220

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201.

3

Her

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738

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40.6

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18.0

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8

Mar

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50.0

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3

Met

ham

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467

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1,67

920

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72.

6

Oth

er1,

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570

28.6

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36.9

496

24.9

192

9.6

1 Of t

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ses,

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r USS

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hapt

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Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

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sent

ence

d un

der §

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1.1

(Dru

g Tr

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), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

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ocat

ions

),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14

(Nar

co-T

erro

rism

). O

f the

se 1

9,76

5 ca

ses,

50 w

ere

excl

uded

due

to m

issin

g in

form

atio

n on

offe

nder

's ed

ucat

ion.

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

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SSCF

Y19

.

Tabl

e D

-6

EDU

CA

TIO

N O

F D

RU

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RA

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GR

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TE

Drug Offenses | 115

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

TOTA

L19

,765

8,89

845

.02,

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12.2

2,88

514

.61,

764

8.9

1,11

75.

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685

13.6

Pow

der

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aine

3,58

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62.3

394

11.0

434

12.1

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5.5

892.

523

66.

6

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

565

294

18.8

212

13.5

315

20.1

206

13.2

135

8.6

403

25.8

Her

oin

2,50

994

237

.534

313

.741

916

.724

79.

815

66.

240

216

.0

Mar

ijuan

a1,

675

1,09

265

.220

512

.218

110

.888

5.3

342.

075

4.5

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

435

3,37

940

.197

211

.51,

245

14.8

870

10.3

614

7.3

1,35

516

.1

Oth

er2,

000

960

48.0

290

14.5

291

14.6

156

7.8

894.

521

410

.7

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed L

ocat

ions

),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is ta

ble

are

prov

ided

in A

ppen

dix

A.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

III

III

VI

Tabl

e D

-7

CR

IMIN

AL

HIS

TOR

Y C

ATE

GO

RY

OF

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

ERS1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

CR

IMIN

AL

HIS

TOR

Y C

ATE

GO

RY

IVV


DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,434

14,8

5376

.44,

581

23.6

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,51

22,

867

81.6

645

18.4

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

551

959

61.8

592

38.2

Her

oin

2,46

81,

948

78.9

520

21.1

Mar

ijuan

a1,

651

1,38

583

.926

616

.1

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

281

6,12

273

.92,

159

26.1

Oth

er1,

971

1,57

279

.839

920

.2

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

),

2D1.

2 (P

rote

cted

Loc

atio

ns),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

Of t

hese

, 19,

434

case

s con

tain

ed c

ompl

ete

guid

elin

e ap

plic

atio

n in

form

atio

n. D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is ta

ble

are

pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

NO

WEA

PON

INV

OLV

ED

Tabl

e D

-8

WEA

PON

INV

OLV

EMEN

T O

F D

RU

G T

RA

FFIC

KIN

G O

FFEN

DER

S1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

WEA

PON

INV

OLV

ED

Drug Offenses | 117

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,434

14,2

5273

.33,

756

19.3

1,42

67.

3

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,51

22,

539

72.3

638

18.2

335

9.5

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

551

1,39

289

.759

3.8

100

6.4

Her

oin

2,46

81,

856

75.2

378

15.3

234

9.5

Mar

ijuan

a1,

651

919

55.7

633

38.3

996.

0

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

281

5,96

172

.01,

845

22.3

475

5.7

Oth

er1,

971

1,58

580

.420

310

.318

39.

3

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed

Loca

tions

), 2D

1.5

(Con

tinui

ng C

rimin

al E

nter

prise

), 2D

1.6

(Use

of a

Com

mun

icat

ion

Faci

lity)

, 2D

1.8

(Ren

t/Man

age

Dru

g Es

tabl

ishm

ent),

2D

1.10

(End

ange

ring

Hum

an L

ife W

hile

Man

ufac

turin

g), o

r 2D

1.14

(Nar

co-T

erro

rism

). O

f the

se, 1

9,43

4 co

ntai

ned

com

plet

e gu

idel

ine

appl

icat

ion

info

rmat

ion.

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

Adj

ustm

ent

No

Rol

eA

djus

tmen

tM

itiga

ting

Rol

eA

djus

tmen

t

Tabl

e D

-9

RO

LE A

DJU

STM

ENT

OF

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

ERS1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

Agg

rava

ting

Rol

e


DRUG TYPE 12 24 30 38

Powder Cocaine Less than 50G 500G - 1,999G 5,000G - 14,999G At least 450,000G

N 100 317 381 300

Mean 18.7 1,095.8 8,982.5 1,348,435.3

Median 18.2 1,000.0 9,040.0 1,004,700.0

Crack Cocaine Less than 2.8G 28G - 111G 280G - 839G At least 25,200G

N 48 156 32 3

Mean 1.4 61.9 465.0 51,723.3

Median 1.4 60.3 436.0 29,540.0

Heroin Less than 10G 100G - 399G 1,000G - 2,999G At least 90,000G

N 101 205 191 9

Mean 2.9 216.9 1,719.4 130,787.8

Median 2.0 203.1 1,800.0 116,000.0

Marijuana 5,000G - 9,999G 100,000G - 399,999G 1,000,000G - 2,999,999G At least 90,000,000G

N 29 423 50 0

Mean 7,261.6 172,785.2 1,825,496.4 --

Median 6,900.0 145,000.0 1,945,000.0 --

Less than 5G 50G - 199G 500G - 1,499G At least 45,000G

N 33 198 218 56

Mean 2.9 107.5 939.0 108,233.3

Median 3.4 106.8 907.2 65,330.0

Less than 0.5G 5G - 19G 50G - 149G At least 4,500G

N 2 160 507 387

Mean -- 11.6 87.4 18,217.8

Median -- 11.9 82.4 10,000.0

1 Of the 76,538 cases, 19,463 were sentenced under §2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking). Of these, 19,142 cases had complete guideline application information. Of these 19,142 cases, 17,095 involved powder cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine actual or mix. Of these 17,095 cases, 7,086 had a base offense level of 12, 24, 30, or 38. Of these 7,086 cases, 3,180 were excluded due to one or more of the following reasons: involvement of more than one drug type (1,694), missing drug amount or range (1,577), amendment year earlier than 2014 (6), or logical criteria (10). The methamphetamine actual category also includes ICE. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.


Methamphetamine Actual

Table D-10

DRUG AMOUNTS (IN GRAMS) FOR SELECTEDBASE OFFENSE LEVELS AND DRUG TYPES1

Fiscal Year 2019

Base Offense Level and Quantity Range

Methamphetamine Mix

Drug Offenses | 119

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,757

6,90

635

.04,

867

24.6

7,98

440

.4

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,58

193

226

.01,

037

29.0

1,61

245

.0

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

565

838

53.5

478

30.5

249

15.9

Her

oin

2,50

91,

056

42.1

653

26.0

800

31.9

Mar

ijuan

a1,

675

1,05

963

.251

630

.810

06.

0

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

427

1,62

619

.31,

898

22.5

4,90

358

.2

Oth

er2,

000

1,39

569

.828

514

.332

016

.0

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed

Loca

tions

), 2D

1.5

(Con

tinui

ng C

rimin

al E

nter

prise

), 2D

1.6

(Use

of a

Com

mun

icat

ion

Faci

lity)

, 2D

1.8

(Ren

t/Man

age

Dru

g Es

tabl

ishm

ent),

2D

1.10

(End

ange

ring

Hum

an L

ife W

hile

Man

ufac

turin

g), o

r 2D

1.14

(Nar

co-T

erro

rism

). O

f the

rem

aini

ng c

ases

, eig

ht w

ere

excl

uded

bec

ause

the

offe

nder

was

con

vict

ed o

f a m

anda

tory

min

imum

pen

alty

from

one

of t

he fo

llow

ing

statu

tes:

21

U.S

.C. §

860

a or

21

U.S

.C. §

865

. D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is ta

ble

are

prov

ided

in A

ppen

dix

A.

2 Inc

lude

s 121

offe

nder

s who

se d

rug

man

dato

ry m

inim

um p

enal

ty w

as 1

2 m

onth

s or l

ess.

3 Inc

lude

s 402

offe

nder

s who

se d

rug

man

dato

ry m

inim

um p

enal

ty w

as g

reat

er th

an te

n ye

ars.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

Man

dato

ry M

inim

um3

No

Dru

gM

anda

tory

Min

imum

2Fi

ve-Y

ear

Dru

gM

anda

tory

Min

imum

Tabl

e D

-11

LEN

GTH

OF

MA

ND

ATO

RY

MIN

IMU

M P

ENA

LTIE

S IN

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

CA

SES1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

Ten-

Yea

r or

Mor

e D

rug


ENH

AN

CEM

ENT

FILE

DD

RU

G T

YPE

NN

%N

%

TOTA

L1,

705

702

41.2

1,00

358

.8

Pow

der

Coc

aine

267

9535

.617

264

.4

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne26

510

439

.216

160

.8

Her

oin

298

102

34.2

196

65.8

Mar

ijuan

a85

2023

.565

76.5

Met

ham

phet

amin

e64

834

152

.630

747

.4

Oth

er14

240

28.2

102

71.8

1 Of t

he 1

,714

cas

es in

whi

ch n

otic

e of

an

enha

nced

pen

alty

was

giv

en u

nder

21

U.S

.C. §

851

, nin

e w

ere

excl

uded

due

to m

issin

g or

und

eter

min

ed w

ithdr

awal

info

rmat

ion.

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

2 Inc

lude

s 120

cas

es in

whi

ch th

e en

hanc

emen

t was

not

form

ally

with

draw

n bu

t whe

re th

e co

urt d

eter

min

ed th

at th

e en

hanc

emen

t did

not

app

ly a

t the

tim

e of

sent

enci

ng.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 85

1 D

ataf

ile, D

RUG

851F

Y19

.

WIT

HD

RA

WN

2N

OT

WIT

HD

RA

WN

Tabl

e D-1

2

APP

LIC

ATI

ON

OF

REC

IDIV

IST

PEN

ALT

IES

IN D

RU

G T

RA

FFIC

KIN

G C

ASE

S1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019 EN

HA

NC

EMEN

TEN

HA

NC

EMEN

T

Drug Offenses | 121

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,428

5,30

627

.37,

472

38.5

1,48

77.

75,

163

26.6

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,51

274

621

.21,

178

33.5

173

4.9

1,41

540

.3

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

551

792

51.1

646

41.7

342.

279

5.1

Her

oin

2,46

888

635

.989

036

.115

56.

353

721

.8

Mar

ijuan

a1,

646

580

35.2

219

13.3

459

27.9

388

23.6

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

280

1,28

615

.54,

160

50.2

305

3.7

2,52

930

.5

Oth

er1,

971

1,01

651

.537

919

.236

118

.321

510

.9

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed

Lo

catio

ns),

2D1.

5 (C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or

2D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

Of t

hese

, 19,

434

case

s con

tain

ed c

ompl

ete

guid

elin

e ap

plic

atio

n in

form

atio

n. O

f the

se 1

9,43

4 ca

ses,

six w

ere

excl

uded

due

to m

issin

g sa

fety

val

ve o

r man

dato

ry m

inim

um

in

form

atio

n. D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is ta

ble

are

prov

ided

in A

ppen

dix

A.

2 Thi

s col

umn

incl

udes

197

cas

es w

here

the

cour

t ind

icat

ed a

var

ianc

e ba

sed

on th

e ex

pand

ed sa

fety

val

ve e

ligib

ility

und

er th

e Fi

rst S

tep

Act

, but

the

offe

nder

was

not

elig

ible

to re

ceiv

e th

e gu

idel

ine

safe

ty v

alve

redu

ctio

n.

3 For

offe

nder

s with

no

drug

man

dato

ry m

inim

um p

enal

ty, u

se o

f the

term

'saf

ety

valv

e' on

this

tabl

e m

eans

that

the

cour

t ind

icat

ed th

at th

e tw

o-le

vel r

educ

tion

at §

2D1.

1 ap

plie

d be

caus

e th

e of

fend

er m

et th

e

crite

ria se

t for

th a

t §5C

1.2.

4 For

offe

nder

s with

a d

rug

man

dato

ry m

inim

um p

enal

ty, u

se o

f the

term

'saf

ety

valv

e' on

this

tabl

e m

eans

that

the

cour

t sen

tenc

ed th

e of

fend

er w

ithou

t reg

ard

to a

ny a

pplic

able

man

dato

ry m

inim

um

pe

nalty

(in

acco

rdan

ce w

ith th

e 'sa

fety

val

ve' p

rovi

sion

of 1

8 U

.S.C

. § 3

553(

f), in

corp

orat

ed in

to th

e gu

idel

ines

at §

5C1.

2).

5 Effe

ctiv

e N

ovem

ber 1

, 201

2, th

e sa

fety

val

ve re

duct

ion

was

add

ed to

§2D

1.11

(Unl

awfu

lly D

istrib

utin

g a

Liste

d Ch

emic

al).

The

re w

ere

27 o

ffend

ers s

ente

nced

und

er §

2D1.

11 a

s the

prim

ary

sent

enci

ng

gu

idel

ine

in w

hich

the

2012

or l

ater

Gui

delin

es M

anua

l w

as a

pplie

d w

ith c

ompl

ete

guid

elin

e ap

plic

atio

n in

form

atio

n. O

f the

se c

ases

, the

safe

ty v

alve

redu

ctio

n w

as a

pplie

d fo

r eig

ht o

ffend

ers.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

No

Dru

gN

O S

AFE

TY V

ALV

ESA

FETY

VA

LVE

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

Tabl

e D

-13

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

ERS

REC

EIV

ING

SA

FETY

VA

LVE

AN

D

MA

ND

ATO

RY

MIN

IMU

M P

ENA

LTIE

S1, 5

Man

dato

ry M

inim

um2

Man

dato

ry M

inim

um3

Man

dato

ry M

inim

umM

anda

tory

Min

imum

4N

o D

rug

Dru

gD

rug


¹ Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,765 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,765 cases, eight were excluded because the offender was convicted of a mandatory minimum penalty from one of the following statutes: 21 U.S.C. § 860a or 21 U.S.C. § 865. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.


Figure D-2

MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES IN DRUG TRAFFICKING CASES1

Fiscal Year 2019

No Drug Mandatory Minimum

Penalty34.3%

Less than 60 Months

0.6%

60 Months24.6%

120 Months38.4%

180 Months0.7%

240 Monthsor More

1.2% Life0.1%

LENGTH OF MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

Both §5K1.1 and Safety Valve

9.2%

Safety Valve31.6%

§5K1.1 Substantial Assistance

17.1%

No Relief42.2%

RELIEF FROM MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

Drug Offenses | 123

DR

UG

TY

PETO

TAL

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

N%

TOTA

L19

,762

6,72

334

.064

0.3

4,45

722

.61,

220

6.2

837

4.2

6,46

132

.7

Pow

der

Coc

aine

3,58

01,

405

39.2

60.

278

722

.014

03.

913

43.

71,

108

30.9

Cra

ck C

ocai

ne1,

564

628

40.2

100.

624

715

.80

0.0

744.

760

538

.7

Her

oin

2,50

891

536

.520

0.8

539

21.5

913.

610

44.

183

933

.5

Mar

ijuan

a1,

675

804

48.0

90.

520

912

.512

27.

394

5.6

437

26.1

Met

ham

phet

amin

e8,

435

2,33

527

.78

0.1

2,18

625

.983

29.

935

84.

22,

716

32.2

Oth

er2,

000

636

31.8

110.

648

924

.535

1.8

733.

775

637

.8

1 Of t

he 7

6,53

8 ca

ses,

in 2

0,08

5 th

e of

fend

er w

as se

nten

ced

unde

r USS

G C

hapt

er T

wo,

Par

t D (D

rugs

). O

f the

se, 1

9,76

5 of

fend

ers w

ere

sent

ence

d un

der §

§2D

1.1

(Dru

g Tr

affic

king

), 2D

1.2

(Pro

tect

ed L

ocat

ions

), 2D

1.5

(C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m).

O

f the

se 1

9,76

5 ca

ses,

thre

e w

ere

excl

uded

bec

ause

info

rmat

ion

was

miss

ing

from

the

subm

itted

doc

umen

ts th

at p

reve

nted

the

com

paris

on o

f the

sent

ence

and

the

guid

elin

e ra

nge.

D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is

tabl

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

2 Of t

he 6

,461

var

ianc

e ca

ses,

in 4

70 c

ases

the

cour

t cite

d Fi

rst S

tep

Act

safe

ty v

alve

exp

ansio

n as

a re

ason

for t

he se

nten

ce.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

9 D

ataf

ile, U

SSCF

Y19

.

§5K

1.1

Fisc

al Y

ear

2019

GU

IDEL

INE

WIT

HIN

Tabl

e D

-14

SEN

TEN

CE

IMPO

SED

REL

ATI

VE

TO T

HE

GU

IDEL

INE

RA

NG

E FO

R D

RU

G T

RA

FFIC

KIN

G O

FFEN

DER

S1

RA

NG

E§5

K3.

1V

AR

IAN

CE2

UPW

AR

DD

EPA

RTU

RE

DO

WN

WA

RD


70

78

70

31

95

60

60

57

20

78

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120Average and Median Sentence Length (Months)

Figure D-3

SENTENCE LENGTH OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERSBY MAJOR DRUG TYPE1

Fiscal Year 2019

Powder Cocaine (N=3,581)

Crack Cocaine (N=1,565)

Heroin (N=2,509)

Marijuana (N=1,675)

Methamphetamine (N=8,435)

1 Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,765 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Italicized numbers depict median values and the bolded numbers at the end of the bar indicate average values. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.


Average sentence in bold at end of bar

Median sentence in italics.

Drug Offenses | 125

0

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

7,00

0

8,00

0

9,00

0 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Num

ber o

fO

ffend

ers

Figu

re D

-4

NU

MBE

R O

F D

RU

G T

RA

FFIC

KIN

G O

FFEN

DER

SBY

MA

JOR

DR

UG

TY

PE O

VER

TIM

E1

Fisc

al Y

ears

201

0 -2

019

Pow

der C

ocai

neCr

ack

Coca

ine

Her

oin

Mar

ijuan

aM

etha

mph

etam

ine

1O

nly

offe

nder

s sen

tenc

ed u

nder

§§2

D1.

1 (D

rug

Traf

ficki

ng),

2D1.

2 (P

rote

cted

Loc

atio

ns),

2D1.

5(C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e Dru

g Es

tabl

ishm

ent),

2D

1.10

(End

ange

ring

Hum

an L

ife W

hile

Man

ufac

turin

g), o

r 2D

1.14

(Nar

co-T

erro

rism

) are

dep

icte

d in

this

figur

e. A

dditi

onal

cas

es w

ere

excl

uded

due

to

miss

ing

info

rmat

ion

on d

rug

type

. D

escr

iptio

ns o

f var

iabl

es u

sed

in th

is fig

ure

are

prov

ided

in A

ppen

dix

A.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

0 -2

019

Dat

afile

s, U

SSCF

Y10

-U

SSCF

Y19

.


024487296120 20

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

1520

1620

1720

1820

19

Mon

ths

Figu

re D

-5

SEN

TEN

CE

LEN

GTH

OF

DR

UG

TR

AFF

ICK

ING

OFF

END

ERS

BY M

AJO

R D

RU

G T

YPE

OV

ER T

IME1

Fisc

al Y

ears

201

0 -2

019

Pow

der C

ocai

neCr

ack

Coca

ine

Her

oin

Mar

ijuan

aM

etha

mph

etam

ine

1O

nly

offe

nder

s sen

tenc

ed u

nder

§§2

D1.

1 (D

rug

Traf

ficki

ng),

2D1.

2 (P

rote

cted

Loc

atio

ns),

2D1.

5(C

ontin

uing

Crim

inal

Ent

erpr

ise),

2D1.

6 (U

se o

f a C

omm

unic

atio

n Fa

cilit

y), 2

D1.

8 (R

ent/M

anag

e D

rug

Esta

blish

men

t), 2

D1.

10 (E

ndan

gerin

g H

uman

Life

Whi

le M

anuf

actu

ring)

, or 2

D1.

14 (N

arco

-Ter

roris

m) a

re d

epic

ted

in th

is fig

ure.

Sen

tenc

es o

f 470

mon

ths o

r gre

ater

(inc

ludi

ng li

fe) a

nd

prob

atio

n w

ere

incl

uded

in th

e sen

tenc

e ave

rage

com

puta

tions

as 4

70 m

onth

s and

zero

mon

ths,

resp

ectiv

ely.

The

info

rmat

ion

inth

is fig

ure

incl

udes

cond

ition

s of c

onfin

emen

t as d

escr

ibed

in U

SSG

§5

C1.1

. Ca

ses m

issin

g dr

ug ty

pe o

r sen

tenc

ing

info

rmat

ion

wer

e al

so e

xclu

ded.

Des

crip

tions

of v

aria

bles

use

d in

this

figur

e ar

e pr

ovid

ed in

App

endi

x A

.

SOU

RCE:

U.S

. Sen

tenc

ing

Com

miss

ion,

201

0 -2

019

Dat

afile

s, U

SSCF

Y10

-U

SSCF

Y19

.

2019 annual report and sourcebook of federal ... - ussc

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