2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory systemEssential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood?

What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory

system?

What are the functions of blood?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3

Transportation What does the blood

transport? Carries nutrients from the digestive

tract to the cells Oxygen from the lungs to the cells Waste products from the cells to the

various organs of excretion Hormones from secreting cells to

other parts of the body

Function of blood

Aids in the distribution of heat formed in the more active tissues to all other parts of the body

Helps to regulate the acid-base balance Protect against infection

Why is this an important function? Blood is a vital fluid to our life and health

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What are the functions of blood?

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Regulation How does the blood regulate

heat? Circulating excess heat to the body

surfaces and lungs How does the blood regulate

acid/base balance? pH through buffers and amino acids pH of blood is 7.4 Regulates H2O content of cells through its dissolved

Na ion, thus playing a role in osmosis

What are the functions of blood?

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Protection What function of the blood

serve to protect the body? Circulates antibodies and defensive

cells to combat infection and disease Produces clots to prevent excessive

loss of blood What is the relevance to

health? (TRP) Transport, Regulatory, Protection

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Functions of the blood components

Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Plasma What is the role of plasma in

circulation? Plasma makes up about half of the content of

blood.

Plasma contains proteins that help blood to clot

transport substances through the blood

Blood plasma contains glucose and other

dissolved nutrients

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Plasma

Cellular elements

Plasma

Discuss its relevance to health.

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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10

Erythrocytes

What are the functions of erythrocytes? Transport O2

hemo= blood globin= protein What is the function of hemoglobin?

Vital to the function of the RBC Helps it to transport O2

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Erythrocytes

hemolysis What is it?

Rupture or bursting of the RBC When does it occur?

As a result of blood transfusion reaction Other disease processes

What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? About 120 days

Starts here

Erythrocytes What happens to old

erythrocytes? Broken down by spleen and

liver Hgb is broken down and

iron part is used for new RBCs

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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13

Rh factor

A form of anemia due to hemolysis

Symptomatic treatment can be given by blood transfusionIn severe immune-related hemolytic anemia, steroid therapy is sometimes necessary.Sometimes splenectomy can be helpful where extravascular hemolysis is predominant (i.e. most of the red blood cells are being removed by the spleen).

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Leukocytes

What is the function of leukocytes? Body’s natural defense against injury and disease

Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes. Larger Granular (with grain appearance Agranular (no grain appearance)

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Leukocytes

Agranulocytes Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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Leukocytes

Granulocytes Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

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Inflammation

Is when tissues are subjected to chemical or physical trauma (cut or heat).

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Inflammation

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Thrombocytes

What is the composition of thrombocytes? Not cells but fragments of

the megakaryocytes cytoplasm

What is their function? Initiation of the blood-

clotting process

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Thrombocytes

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Blood types

4 major groups or types of blood:

ABABO

Inherited: it is determined by the presence or absence of the blood protein called antigen on the surface of the RBC

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Blood types

Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies) A (Has A antigen on RBC)

B (has B antigen on RBC)AB (has both antigen on RBC)O (Has neither of the antigen)

Compare blood types antigen/antibodies

Antigen: protein called agglutinogen (ag-loo-tin-uh-juh n) on the surface of the RBC

Antibody: protein called agglutinin (uh-gloot-n-in) present in the plasma

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Blood types

Who can receive type O blood?

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Blood type crossmatches If the pt’s bld type is: The donor’s bld type must

be:O+ O+,

O- (universal donor) O-

A+ A+, A-, O+, O-

A- A-, O-

B+ B+, B-, O+, O-

B- B-, O-

AB+ (universal recipient) AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-

AB- AB-, A-, B-, O-

Blood Type

WHO CAN RECEIVE O BLOOD?

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Rh factorWHAT IS ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn of a Rh- mother that is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus

Rh factor

What are its symptoms? 1st born child will be okay Subsequent pregnancies will be affected

because the mother’s accumulated anti-Rh antibodies will clump the baby’s RBCs.

How can it be treated? With RHO Gam, a special preparation of

immune globulin

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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 28

Blood Disorders Anemia:

Deficiency in the number and/or percentage of RBCs and the amount of hgb in the blood

Review the symptoms of anemia.Discuss why these symptoms occur.

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Blood disorders

Embolis: where an embolus is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery to small to passThromus: formation of a blood clot in the blood vessel

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Blood disorders

Hematoma: localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ, tissue, or space

an injury, in which the subsurface tissue is injured but the skin is not broken; bruise.

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Blood disorders

Hereditary disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormallyInjection of the hormone Desmopression to stimulate a release of more of the clotting factor

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Blood disorders

LeukemiaWhat is leukemia?Review the symptoms of leukemia.Discuss why these symptoms occur.

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Blood disorders

Multiple myeloma

What is multiple myeloma?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

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Blood disorders

Polycythemia

What is polycythemia?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

Plasma

Cellular

elements

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Blood disorders

Septicemia

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Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia

What is sickle cell anemia?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

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What are the functions of the heart?

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Functions of the heart

Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat.

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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP

What do pumps do?How does this relate to heart function?

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Hear the beat!

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Blood Pressure FYI Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart

pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE Measured during the contraction phase

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE Measured when the ventricles are relaxed

What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult?

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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP

What makes the pump work?

It’s electric!

Explain the electrical activity of the heart.

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It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction

system.

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Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase

Baseline of an EKG is a flat line:P = Atrial contractionQRS = Ventricular contractionT = Ventricular relaxation

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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP

What makes the pump work?

It’s electric!

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Functions of the heartTransportationWhat does the heart transport?

What is involved in the transportation process?

How is this a circulatory system function?

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The transportation process

Discuss systemic circulation

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The transportation process

Right side Superior vena cavaInferior vena cavaRight atriumTricuspid valveRight VentriclePulmonary valvePulmonary artery

Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange

Left SidePulmonary veinLeft atriumBicuspid valveLeft ventricleAortic valveAortaBody

(Schematic of systemic circulation)

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The transportation process

Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation

CompareSystemic Circulation ToCardiopulmonary Circulation

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Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES

What are the functions of arteries?

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Which direction do arteries flow?

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Vessels of the circulatory system

Describe arterial blood.

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Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS

What is the function of arteries?

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Which direction do arteries flow?

Compare arterial and venous blood.

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Vessels of the circulatory system

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Vessels of the circulatory system

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Vessels of the circulatory systemCapillaries

What is the function of capillaries?What happens if this action is obstructed?

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Remember Pulse Sites?

Where do they come from?

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Circulatory disorders

Aneurysm

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Circulatory disorders

Angina pectoris

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Circulatory disorders

Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm

BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute)

TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute)

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Circulatory disorders

Arteriosclerosis

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Circulatory disorders

Atherosclerosis

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Circulatory disorders

Coronary artery disease

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Circulatory disorders Hypertension

What is hypertension?

What factors influence the

development of

hypertension?

How is it treated?

Why is it called the “silent

killer?”

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Circulatory disorders

Heart failure

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Circulatory disorders

Murmurs

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Circulatory disorders

Myocardial infarction

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Circulatory disorders

Peripheral vascular disease

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Circulatory disorders

Pulmonary edema

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Circulatory disorders

Transient ischemic attack

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Circulatory disorders

Varicose veins

Prevention Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control

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Circulatory disordersLeading Causes of Death:

The Impact of Circulatory Disorders

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Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory system plays a vital role in

homeostasis Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells,

tissues, organs, and systems