2020 vision:the future of water, the challenge for gwp by margaret catley-carlson
DESCRIPTION
Presentation made by Margaret Catley-Carlson, the Patron of the GWP, GWP Consulting Partners Meeting, 26. August 2012, Stockholm, SwedenTRANSCRIPT
2020 Vision: The Future of Water
The Challenge for GWP. Margaret Catley-CarlsonGWP 2nd annual lectureStockholm, August 2012
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Water will still be there…
• Different weather events• Flood and drought risk changes
• New sea level and saline risks• More threats to water sources• Groundwater –major focus area• Per person availability……• Situation will be MUCH tougher
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Water use patterns will shift a little
• Much more emphasis on water saving techniques• Energy installations• New agriculture techniques
• Water Re-Use• Urban, agricultural, industrial
• More policy attention.
•Implementation?
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CONTINUING PROGRESS ON POLICY SIDE>>>>> IMPLEMENTATION???
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Progress more likely for DCs than LDCs
National/Federal Integrated Water Resources Management Plan(s) or Equivalent: Thecurrent status of the main plans that include integrated approaches to water resources
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We will still be managing water badly
• Pollution vs development• Undercharging• Degrading municipal systems
• 3x cost of reaching MDG to maintain capacity to do so: OECD
• Over abstraction and deltas• Fragmented accountability
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AND …… MORE PLAYERS ARE WORRIED.
USA Intelligence Community Assessment
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Clearly this is a problem with local and global impact:
Does this mean Impetus for Global solutions?
• from Rio+20? – not encouaging.• “World’s longest suicide note.”• Did reaffirm 2002 JPI
• …”the development of integrated water resource management and water efficiency plans, ensuring sustainable water use”, with countries committing to “significantly improve the implementation of integrated water resource management at all levels” (Ref.paragraph 120 of the Rio+20 declaration).
• End of an era?
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End of an era? • Mega Conference, mega resolutions
• Still essential to set policy umbrella • not all that successful on action• BRICs – big multilateralists?
• Rio - Like Copenhagen – • bit of fizzle• Durban……Cancun – local focus
• Big opportunity for GWP
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New Impetus? • GWP – knows a lot
• Knows local policy• Knows local players• Knows and documents global best
practice
• Knows partnership potentials
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GWP - Looking at the right areas
• Water and climate change• Integrated urban water management• Water and food security • Water and energy security• Water financing• Transboundary water management
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Inside two of these issue areas…..
• Water and food and energy – the so called Nexus• Recall s IWRM – push for integration• Not all of the IWRM elements as seen by
GWP
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A VERY LOCAL ISSUE WATER FOR FOOD, WATER FOR ENERGY, WATER FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS.
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16Margaret Catley-Carlson, sTOCKHOLM, 2012
Rising food security concerns
It takes a litre of water to produce every calorie, on average
How much more water for cereals?
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17Food demand doubles over the next 50 because of diet
and population
Water Needs (ET) will double – without water productivity gains
ANSWERS don’t always improve things…. Biofuels: India: and in 2030 (WaterSim analysis : IWMI). Green solution with blue impacts
Margaret Catley-Carlson, sTOCKHOLM, 2012
% of potentially utilizable water withdrawn for human purposes
No water scarcity
Approaching water scarcity
Water scarce
0% 60% 75% 100%
Water for food and feed today
Future water for food, CA scenario
Water for biofuels*
*Assumes that 10% of gasoline demand is met by biofuels by 203018
ANSWERS don’t always improve things…. Biofuels: India: and in 2030 (WaterSim analysis : IWMI). Green solution with blue impacts
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The other energy dilemma
• 3bn people using traditional biomass for cooking and heating, and the 1.4bn who lack electricity, “green”, “sustainable”, “eco” and “clean”
• In Asia – brown cloud of smog• Major health and mortality threat
• A vivid example of why we cannot dismiss the need of poor
• We need Green Growth –
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Water for People…..Water for People…..
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What Has To Happen? 3 Ways of looking at a single answer
# 1 – Integrate Water Energy and Agriculture Mgmt.
(for India, Below_
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AgriculturalAgricultural
SupplySupply
IndustryIndustry MunicipalMunicipal
SOURCE: 2030 Water Resources Group
0.800.80
750750
0.100.10
-0.04-0.04
00 -0.02-0.02 1,2501,250
0.020.02
500500
0.040.04
0.080.08 0.060.06
250250 1,0001,000
-0.06-0.06
Cost of Cost of additional additional water water availability in availability in 20302030USD/mUSD/m33
IncreIncrementmental al availaavailability bility
Billion Billion mm33
Reduced over-irrigationReduced over-irrigation No-till No-till farminfarmingg
Irrigated fertilizer balanceIrrigated fertilizer balance
System of rice System of rice intensification intensification (SRI)(SRI)
Rainfed fertilizer balanceRainfed fertilizer balance Irrigated drainageIrrigated drainage Rainfed drainageRainfed drainage Industrial leversIndustrial levers
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation Irrigated germplasmIrrigated germplasm
Irrigated IPMIrrigated IPM Rainfed germplasmRainfed germplasm
Infrastructure rehabilitationInfrastructure rehabilitation
Genetic crop development - irrigatedGenetic crop development - irrigated Last mile infrastructureLast mile infrastructure
Rainfed integrated pest management (IPM)Rainfed integrated pest management (IPM)
Genetic crop development Genetic crop development –– rainfedrainfed
Small infrastructureSmall infrastructure Artificial rechargeArtificial recharge Sprinkler irrigationSprinkler irrigation
Reduce lossesReduce losses Increase fertilizer useIncrease fertilizer use
Wastewater reuseWastewater reuse Shallow groundwaterShallow groundwater
Large infrastructure Large infrastructure
Aquifer recharge smallAquifer recharge small Ag rainwater harvestingAg rainwater harvesting
Deep groundwaterDeep groundwater Municipal damsMunicipal dams
Pre-harvest treatmentPre-harvest treatment National river linking project (NRLP)National river linking project (NRLP)
Municipal Municipal leakageleakage
Rainwater harvestingRainwater harvesting
Post-Post-harvest harvest treatmenttreatment
On-farm canal On-farm canal lininglining
DesalinatiDesalination on (reverse (reverse osmosis)osmosis)
DesalinatiDesalination on (thermal)(thermal)
Gap in 2030 = 755,800 Gap in 2030 = 755,800 million mmillion m33
Cost to close gap = USD 5.9 Cost to close gap = USD 5.9 billionbillion
#3 Manage from General Principlesbroad but useful
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• 1. Reduce demand for water and energy through increased water-energy efficiency, better agricultural water and rationalized municipal use
• 2. Invest in research and development into water, energy, agricultural technologies
• 3. Develop and implement practical sustainability tools and standards
• 4. Take an integrated approach to policy-making, planning and management in the water and energy sectors – where possible, agriculture
• 5. Policies promoting efficient use of resources and sustainable practice need to be complemented by integrated incentive and regulatory structures
Back to GWP
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• Right ingredients for high relevancy.• Good policy sense• Looking at the right issues.
• Looking at the right part of the problem? • The big challenges
• Getting excellent at partnerships• Issue focused, short term, mutual interests
• Acquiring real expertise in implementation • How to make it happen, partners and pressure pts
• Study SUCCESSS - talk about it, make it the central focus. What made it happen?
• Solve Problems – not just policies and frameworks.
‘
Stories of things that are working – now
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Australia-”nothing like a drought”.
Extracts from the Australian National Water Initiative implement
water reforms in a disciplined manner
•nationally-compatible, market, regulatory and planning based
system of managing surface and groundwater resources for rural and
urban use that water access entitlements;
•Transparent, statutory-based water planning;
•Statutory provision for environmental and other public benefit
outcomes, and improved environmental management practices;
•Complete the return of all currently over-allocated or overused
systems to environmentally-sustainable levels of extraction;
•Removal of barriers to trade in water broadening and deepening of
the water market
•Clarity around the assignment of risk
•Water accounting which is able to meet the information needs of
different water
•Policy settings which facilitate water use efficiency and innovation in
urban and rural areas;
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Cambodia – Phnom Penh Authority transformed 1993-2009
• Connections X 7;• NRW fell 73% to 6%, • collection efficiency- 8% to 99.9%,• total revenues 300,000 to $25 million, with an
$8 million operating surplus• utility is now self-financing.
• Virtuous circle: Tariffs increased now held constant combination of service expansion, reduced water losses and high collection rates has guaranteed a sufficient cash flow for debt repayment as well as capital expenditure.
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Philippines
• Balibago Waterworks Systems, • serves around 70,000 customers in a rural area of the
Philippines. • Panlilio’s grows his business by going out to adjacent
towns and villages and asking whether they would like a piped water supply.
• They are shown the regulator’s schedule of tariffs, and then if they want piped water and are prepared to pay for it, they get it.
• It is an attractive proposition for communities which might previously have relied on hand pumps and wells, and it makes good money for Balibago’s investors.
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Extending Water Service to improve general resource management. - meters
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• Smart meters – • radio transmitters in meters
• real time data, even out demand, • early detection of leaks, calibrate the energy demand• flood indicators, groundwater quality
• Malta is now totally smart metered, • iintegrating both water and power systems.• able to identify water leaks and electricity losses in the grid,• plan investments, set variable rates, reward customers
• But the big issues: policies, acceptability, communication
Cities as Their Own Catchments
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• institutional, sector reforms, and improved water quality towards more efficient water uses and values
• Policies recognizing inter-agency/multi-stakeholder cooperation and coordination; enforcement and management,
• Move from traditional single objective spending• investing in runoff reduction and storm water management strategies • multiple benefits.
• sewage and storm water and rainwater are valued as resources for irrigation and other uses,
• reducing conventional water supply network• more water for environmental flows and ecosystem services.• Livelihood opportunities of the various (peri) urban communities
Queensland Australia – Luggage Point
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• Treats wastewater to provide a reliable source of water for power production, and to augment drinking water supplies and to return water t environment
• Incorporates innovative treatment technologies • Queensland Government Completed June 2011 CH2M
HILL• The Luggage Point plant is a major component of the
Western Corridor Recycled Water Project, undertaken to address acute water shortages and continued population growth.
MASDAR , A SUSTAINABLE CITY IN ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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• City will rely entirely on renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology
• $22 billion• water portfolio management principles to treat all parts
of the water cycle as potential resources. This approach includes aggressive use of a variety of water sources, including groundwater, seawater, surface runoff, rainwater harvesting, dew/fog capture, grey water reuse, black water reuse, and resource recovery for urine streams.
GIPPSLAND WATER, VICTORIA AUSTRALIA
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• New 35 ML/day Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment plant to treat effluent from Australian Paper municipal effluent from three communities industrial and municipal effluent disposal in the Latrobe Valley region
• Provide high quality reclaimed water for use within Australian Paper’s Mary vale plant, enabling plant expansion
• Upgrade of the Dutson Downs wastewater treatment facility to permit reuse of effluent
• co generation and hydropower facilities to reduce the greenhouse gas impact of the project energy consumption
• community awareness about water conservation and sustainable water management
Atotonilco Wastewater Treatment Plant
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• largest of its kind on the planet and one of the largest-ever Mexican works.
• wastewater treatment for 10.5 million inhabitants.• Treated effluent will flow into irrigation channels for
local farmers to use free of charge. • More than 90 percent of Mexico City’s wastewater
is currently piped north to Hidalgo state to be used untreated for alfalfa irrigation, which poses serious health and environmental problems.
The Atotonilco WWTP will provide a safe, reliable supply of irrigation water, conserving freshwater resources
Alberta – watershed monitoring
•Two Alberta Watershed Councils (WPACs)• pursuing the transparency and management tools
that online digital reporting enables. • State of the Watershed reporting is moving to
an online digital (monitoring data based)• Indicators/thresholds/targets are being
developed• Talk of a common suite of indicators for
monitoring and inclusion in systems for Alberta
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COLORADO :MULTI-OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE
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• Colorado River is managed for many objectives• agricultural, municipal, and industrial users,
hydroelectric power, recreation, fish and wildlife, flood control, and water quality.
• performance of various water management strategies will be evaluated against metrics currently being developed for each of these objectives.
• Diverse group of stakeholders consisting of federal, state, tribal, and local interests is being assembled to define standardized metrics to evaluate risks to the various resources.
Colorado, continued
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• evaluate current and future demands in the basin. • evaluating and synthesizing demands
• Basin, non-consumptive demands such as hydropower, recreation, instream flows, and cooling,
• projections to reflect scenarios of future growth, land use, water use efficiency, and technology.
• Unique to this study, demands are being indexed for future climate scenarios
• current and future imbalances in water supply and demand in the Colorado River Basin and the adjacent areas of the Basin States that receive Colorado River water.
• uncertainty in supply and demands over the next 50 years, adaptation and mitigation strategies to resolve the imbalances. CH2M
Waste Water Treatment/Harvesting – Not New but more exciting
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• Namibia, early world leaders - Singapore, parts of China and even the USA, starting in San Diego
• Rotterdam powers buses with waste water energy recapture.• Sweden and Germany - ambitious directives to
recycle up to 60% of wastewater phosphorus, • ½ returned to farms • rest to pastures or forest plantations.
• France – this year – break even point.
Pollution control – New Agric and New Energy can solve water problems
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• Eutrophication -. The future can look different: • Urea Deep placement techniques
• add as much as 25% to farmer income, • increase the percentage of nitrogen taken up by
plants, and • significantly reduce ‘normal’ nitrogen flow into water
and soil – a main source of the environmental problem of blue green algae
• Literally millions of waste-fuelled gas methane burners supply energy to rural areas.
• Maybe new partnerships???????
Not all Mega scale…Remember the other Energy Crisis
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• Decentralized waste water treatment – energy capture
• 38 Case Studies on Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
• Now Available on the WaterWikiA • decentralized wastewater treatment solutions
from sanitation projects in Cambodia, Lao, Vietnam and Philippines is now available on the WaterWiki.
• .
Breweries, Prisons, Skyscrapers• October 2010 Adnans Brewery – UK biomethane from brewery and
food waste delivered its biomethane to the gas grid.
• Kenyan Prisons• Water used to transport the prisoners' waste to the biogas plant is
recycled and can be reused for agricultural purposes. • Substitution of firewood with biogas as fuel in the prison reduces
deforestation• helping to reduce drought, which in turn helps to improve food security.• Le Solaire – 20 River Terrace, NYC• 27 story, 293 units: now 35% less energy, reduces peak
electricity demand by 65%, 50% less potable water• Rainwater collected for irrigation of green roof with water
retention layer• 10,000 gallon storm water tank separates sediment, treats
water.• No uptake of city water for outdoor use.
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Six Marseilles Commitments on Water-Energy Nexus link
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• TARGET 1 – WATER SHOULD SAVE ENERGY;
• Create a typology of measures implemented by public authorities and water utilities in cities totaling 500 million inhabitants, aiming at a minimal improvement of 20% of energy efficiency of municipal water and wastewater systems by 2020 compared to 1990 level.
• International Water Association –( IWA) Paul Reiter - Ger Bergkamp• [email protected] [email protected]
• Target 2 - – DESALINATION SHOULD BE ENERGY CHEAPER.
• Energy Task Force, to develop a guide allowing 20% energy reduction in desalination by 2015
• International Desalination Association (IDA) Leon Awerbuch• [email protected]
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• Target 3 : off grid isolated communities will have access to drinking
water next to their residential location, through affordable and
volatility resilient energy sources
• Electriciens Sans Frontières (ESF) Philippe Desroques
• Target 4 : By 2015, establish a conceptual and analytical framework
for evaluation and reporting of the energy impacts on water
• EDF Laurent Bellet
‘
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• Target 5: By 2015, with the aim to measure and guide sustainability performance• preparation, implementation and operation of hydropower facilities in
at least 20 countries covering the world’s five major regions,• utilize a hydropower sustainability assessment tool, developed through
a multistakeholder process, and covering economic, social and
environmental dimensions.• International Hydropower Association (IHA) Richard Taylor• [email protected];
• TARGET 6 – A PLATFORM FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES, THEIR PARTNERS AND CUSTOMERS TO DISC USS WATER SPIN OFFS& gas professionals from International Oil Companies, National companies• Oil Companies, Service Companies & International Trade• Associations to drive responsible water management in oil &• gas exploration and production is operational. This platform• will address water use, impact, opportunities, assessing• performance
Back to GWP
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• Right ingredients for high relevancy.• Good policy sense• Looking at the right issues.
• Looking at the right part of the problem? • The big challenges
• Getting excellent at partnerships• Issue focused, short term, mutual interests
• Acquiring real expertise in implementation • How to make it happen, partners and pressure pts
• Study SUCCESSS - talk about it, make it the central focus. What made it happen?
• Solve Problems – not just policies and frameworks.
50
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