Remember the

Respiratory System

BELLWORK page 343

Apnea

Dyspnea

Hypoxia

“pneumo”

pulmonary

Rhino

Nare(s)

Epistaxis

ENT or EENT

Acute vs Chronic

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STANDARDS

11) Outline the gross normal structure and function

of all body systems and summarize appropriate

medical texts in order to relate sign and symptoms

of common diseases and disorders associated

with each.

(the respiratory system)

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OBJECTIVES

Identify the structures and functions of the

respiratory system

Measure respiratory rates

Discuss the costs and health risk associated

with smoking

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Structures of the respiratory system

Upper Respiratory System

Nose

Sinuses

Pharynx

Larynx

Lower Respiratory System

Trachea

Lungs

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Structures of the

Upper Respiratory System

Nose Nasal cavity – space behind the nose

Vestibular region

Olfactory region

Respiratory region

Nasal septum – cartilage that divides the

nose into right and left sides

Turbinates (Choncae) – scroll-like

bones in the respiratory region

Cilia – nose hairs

THE NOSE Why do we sneeze?

The nose has 5 functions:

1. It serves as an air

passageway.

2. It warms and moistens

inhaled air.

3. Its cilia and mucous

membrane trap dust, pollen,

bacteria, and foreign matter.

4. It contains olfactory

receptors, which smell

odors.

5. It aids in phonation and the

quality of voice.

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Structures of the

Upper Respiratory System

Sinuses - Cavities

in the skull.

Ducts connect sinuses to

the nasal cavity

Lined with mucous

membrane to warm and

moisten the air

Provide resonance to the

voice

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Structures of the

Upper Respiratory

System

Pharynx

Throat

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

About 5” longThe pharynx is the correct term for the throat. It is a

muscular and membranous tube that is about 5

inches long, extending downward from the base of

the skull. It eventually becomes the esophagus.

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Discuss:

What are some

examples of how all

of these openings

relate or

“communicate”?

How do these

structures affect each

other?

How do complications

of these altogether

affect a person?

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Trachea The trachea or windpipe is a smooth,

muscular tube leading from the larynx to

the main bronchi.

Approximately 4 ½” long

The walls are composed of

alternate bands of membrane and

C-shaped rings of hyaline

cartilage.

Lined with ciliated mucous

membrane

Cartilage rings prevent

crushing of the trachea

The trachea is the

passageway for air to

and from the lungs. It

is lined with cilia

(hairs), which sweep

foreign matter out of

the pathway.

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C-shaped rings of

cartilage provide

protection on the

front and sides

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

At the lower end of trachea,

the bronchus divide into right

and left branches.

As they enter the lungs, the

bronchus subdivide into

bronchial tubes and into

bronchioles.

At the end of the bronchioles

are alveolar ducts and clusters

of alveoli.

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Bronchi Ciliated mucous membrane

and hyaline cartilage

Bronchial tubes Cartilaginous plates

Bronchioles Thinner walls of smooth

muscle

Lined with ciliated epithelium

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Alveoli Composed of a single layer

of epithelial tissue

Contain surfactant-mixture

of lipids and proteins that

reduces surface tension

Each alveolus is surrounded

by capillaries

Why do we cough?

Why do we yawn?

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity

Apex

Base

Fit snugly over diaphragm.

Lung tissue is porous and spongy.

Right lung

Larger than the left lung

Displaced by the liver

3 lobes

Left lung

Smaller than the right side

Displaced by the heart

2 lobes

“Pulmonary”-

anything relating

to the lungs.

What makes the lungs “spongy”?

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What bones protect the lungs?

What could possibly happen if these bones

were broken?

Why do we hiccup?

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Pleura

Thin, moist slippery membrane

that covers lungs

Double-walled sac

Space is pleural cavity – filled

with pleural fluid

Discuss: Why do we need

pleural fluid?

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Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Mediastinum A septum or cavity between

two principal portions of an

organ.

Contains the heart and its

large vessels, trachea,

esophagus, thymus, lymph

nodes, and connective tissue

Also called the interpleural

space

Located between the lungs

Summary Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kacMYexDgHg

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RESPIRATORY MOVEMENT

1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration

Normal adult =14-20 respirations per minute

Increases with exercise, body temperature

and certain diseases

Newborn- 40-60 /minute

Sleep – respiration decrease

Emotions can increase or decrease rates

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ACTIVITY WITH A PARTNER:

Measuring Respiratory Rate Participant and Investigator

Time each other breathing for one minute:

1) at rest

2) walking in place for one minute

3) jogging in place for one minute

Write down your results. Explain how

exercise affects breathing in 2-3 sentences.

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INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:

Trace the Flow of Air in the

Respiratory System

Make a chart using boxes and arrows

pointing the way oxygen travels through all of

the structures of the respiratory system.

Make sure you end and note where the

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

occurs.

After this explain what happens to your voice

if you have a sinus cold in 2-3 sentences.2.05 Remember the structures of the

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Let’s review the

structures of the

respiratory system

…

Of all body systems

we have discussed

so far…which is

the most important

to you?

Day 2 Bellwork: Make a T-Graph

Compare and Contrast the following two

careers related to the respiratory system:

Pulmonologist

Thoracic Surgeon

(List as many similarities and differences you

can find; use your book and then your

technology).

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Standards

12) Relate a therapeutic procedure or

treatment to a specific body system. Create

a digital or written artifact explaining anatomy

involved with the treatment, reason for

treatment, health care professionals assisting

or performing treatment and patient

education, including precautions that should

occur prior to the treatment or procedure.

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Objectives

Identify respiratory diseases/disorders and

their treatments.

Discuss risks of smoking

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Make Graphic Organizer: (Make sure

you have nine empty spaces). Bronchitis

Tuberculosis

Emphysema

Pleural Fluid

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary Embolism

Lung Cancer

COPD

Pneumonia 2.05 Remember the structures of the

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Bronchitis Infection of the mucous

membrane of the trachea and

bronchial tubes

Acute -Cough, fever,

substernal pain, RALES (raspy

sounds), wheezing

Chronic- over 40 years,

smoking common cause

Treat with pain meds, anti-

inflammatory, or antibiotics.

X-ray, allergy tests, other tests

to verify source.

KEEP HANDS WASHED!!!

QUIT SMOKING!!!!!!

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Tuberculosis

Highly infectious bacterial lung disease

Increased incidence due to AIDS, increased illegal immigration,

homelessness (low immune systems)

Cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, night sweats

Antibiotics and anti tuberculosis drugs for 1-2 years

You cannot work in a healthcare facility until your symptoms are

cleared.

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Emphysema

Alveoli become over-dilated, loss their

elasticity

Alveoli may rupture

Air becomes trapped, can’t exhale – forced

exhalation required

Reduced blood levels of O2 and CO2

Alleviate the symptoms, decrease exposure

to irritants, prevent infections

QUIT SMOKING!!!!

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Emphysema

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Pleural Effusion: Abnormal amount of

fluid surrounding the pleural space. Leakage from other organs: This is

usually from congestive heart

failure (when your heart doesn’t

pump blood to your body properly).

But it can also come

from liver or kidney disease when fluid

builds up in your body and leaks into

the pleural space.

Cancer: Usually lung cancer is the

problem, but other cancers that have

spread to the lung or pleura can cause

it, too.

Infections: Examples

are pneumonia or tuberculosis.

Autoimmune conditions: Examples

are lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Pulmonary embolism: This is a

blockage in an artery in one of your

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Pleural effusion treatment:

Thoracentesis with possible chest tube. This fluid can be

various colors due to

its cause.

Heart surgery-red

Infection-dark yellow,

brown, red, purulent

Sepsis-brown, bloody

Not to be confused

with pneumonia!!

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Pleural effusion imaging.

Ultrasound Cat Scan

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Thoracentesis Video

Pneumothorax

Chest injury. Any blunt or penetrating injury to your chest can cause lung

collapse. Some injuries may happen during physical assaults or car

crashes, while others may inadvertently occur during medical procedures

that involve the insertion of a needle into the chest.

Lung disease. Damaged lung tissue is more likely to collapse. Lung

damage can be caused by many types of underlying diseases, including

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis and

pneumonia.

Ruptured air blisters. Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the top of

your lung. These blebs sometimes burst — allowing air to leak into the

space that surrounds the lungs.

Mechanical ventilation. A severe type of pneumothorax can occur in

people who need mechanical assistance to breathe. The ventilator can

create an imbalance of air pressure within the chest. The lung may collapse

completely.

What do think a spontaneous pneumothorax is?

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Pneumothorax

(sometimes challenging to see)

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Chest tube video

Drain nurse or

tech will monitor

this daily.

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Pulmonary Embolism

Blood clot breaks off and

travels to the lungs

Occurs after surgery or when a

person has been on bed rest.

Common in smokers and those

sitting for long periods of time

(ex. Truck drivers)

Sudden severe chest pain,

dyspnea; similar to heart attack

Lung scan, CT, arteriogram

Anticoagulant therapy

QUIT SMOKING!!!!

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If anticoagulants don’t work??

Surgery to remove clot

Pulmonary Arteriogram and drip blood thinners

IVC filter (inferior vena cava filter) to catch large clot

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Jigsaw Activity:

Answer as many questions as you can

from the disease and disorder activity on

your own sheet of paper.

Include illustrations and the most

important facts on your poster to help you

present to the class.

Lung Cancer

Pneumonia (various types, bacterial vs. viral)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

(COPD)

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smoking material and videos

Question: What two actions can be

taken to avoid most respiratory disease

and disorders?

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