206ar-week 7 design: design solutions & horizontal and vertical measurements vocabulary
TRANSCRIPT
206AR-WEEK 7DESIGN: DESIGN SOLUTIONS & HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS
Vocabulary
DESIGN SOLUTIONS
WARM-UP
Watch the video and talk about these questions.
What was happening in the video? Did you like the presentation? Why? Did the listeners understand the
presenter? Why? How was the presenter’s explanations? What are the key elements of a design
brief?
Read the text «Design Solutions» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.
READING
Vocabulary itemsPropose (v.):
to suggest or intend to do sth
E.g. When you design a device, you need to identified a
need, research possible solutions, design
proposed products,
prepare models, manufacture the prototype, test the
result, and use feedback from peers and professionals
to improve the device.
Vocabulary items
Draw up (Phr. v.):
to make or write sth that needs careful
thought or planning
E.g. A plan must also be drawn up to ensure
that parts are made in
the right order for assembly.
Vocabulary itemsSolution (n):
a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation
E.g. The technology education teacher could ask the
students to
list possible solutions and provide reasons for selecting
their final design solution, which would require students
to
carefully think through the various options.
Vocabulary items
Function (n):
the intended use of sth
E.g. The prime operating function of a check
valve is to close
quickly at flow reversals to prevent damage
to upstream piping and piping components.
Vocabulary items
Constraint (n):
a thing that limits or restricts sth
E.g. Real problem is that building any project
in such a remote, poor
village imposes strict constraints on any
design.
Vocabulary items
Exceed (v):
to be greater than a particular number or
amount
E.g. Provided that the maximum surface strain
does not exceed 0.1
percent such problems do not usually arise.
Vocabulary items
Existing models (adj+n):
competing products already on the market, or
the current model that the new product will
replace
E.g. Sales of existing models of Boeing and
Airbus aircraft are strong, and both companies
are developing new models.
Vocabulary itemsDesign features (n+n):
specific things a new design must have
E.g. After you identify specific design features (design
criteria) and take detailed measurements and identify
cost, manufacturing requirements, and constraints of
the product, you will be able to determine which
product model provides the optimal design solution.
Vocabulary itemsBudget (n):
the money that is available to a person or organization and
a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time
E.g. Remember this: people will remember good work (or
bad
work) a lot longer than they will remember if you were a
week
late or over budget.
Vocabulary items
Cost-effective (adj):
producing good results for the amount of
money spent; efficient or economical
E.g. The project is highly cost-effective,
costing only around £ 12000. The project of
the other firm costs £ 20000.
Vocabulary itemsSpecifications (n):
a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of
work including information about materials, sizes,
and technical requirements of components.
Specify (v):
E.g. The specifications for the new building was sent
by the company yesterday. It specified the materials
and sizes, but there was no information about the
technical requirements of the components.
Vocabulary items
Evaluate (v):
Identify and calculate
E.g. Engineers need to evaluate the forces
that the components will have to carry when
they are designing.
Vocabulary items
Load (n):
something that a person, animal or thing is
carrying.
E.g. An example of load is furniture stacked
into a moving van.
Vocabulary items
Determine (v):
Identify, to find out exactly, calculate precisely
E.g. When you determine the loads that a
bridge will have to carry, you need to think
of every detail such as strong winds.
Vocabulary itemsQuantify (v):
To quantify means to measure or express the
quantity of something.
E.g. An example of to quantify is to count
the number misspelled words in a book.
Vocabulary items
Worst-case scenario (adj+n):
The worst situations that you can think of
E.g. You need to be ready by planning for
the worst-case scenario.
Vocabulary itemsAllow for/ factor in (phr v):
take into account, take into consideration
E.g. You need to allow for the maximum
load so that you will be ready for the worst-
case scenario.
Vocabulary items
Factor of safety (n+n):
The extra margin to make your design really
strong.
E.g. A factor of 1.5 increases the load a
component can carry by % 50.
Vocabulary items
Size (n):
Dimensions of something like small, medium,
or large.
E.g. Please bear in mind if downloading from
the internet that the map is usually for
a4 size and is no good for a book.
Vocabulary items
Overdesign (v):
Add excessive factors of safety
E.g. Overdesigning is necessary but it
increases the costs.
Vocabulary items
Murphy’s law (n+n):
The idea that «anything that can go wrong,
will go wrong.»
E.g. When you are in a hurry, the bus is
always late. It’s the Murphy’s Law.
Vocabulary items
Belt and braces (n+n):
using more than one method to make sure that
something is safe.
E.g. Our staff have identity cards and
number codes to open doors - that's part of
our belt and braces approach to security.
DESIGN SOLUTIONS
VOCABULARY WORKSHEET
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS
WARM-UP
Talk about these questions.
What is an «Airbus 380»? Do you know anything about its
dimensions? What does «horizontal» and «vertical»
mean?
Read the text «Horizontal and Vertical Measurements» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.
READING
Vertical(adj.): going straight up or down from a level surface
or from a top to bottom in a picture etc.Syn: perpendicularVertically (adv.)
Horizontal(adj.): parallel to the ground or to the bottom or top
edge of something.Horizontally (adv.)
Vocabulary items
e.g: If you place vertical lines next to horizontal lines, the difference between the two is 90 degrees.
e.g: You can use horizontal and vertical lines as a guide when editing your drawings.
e.g: The depth of a lake is measured vertically from the surface of the water.
e.g: Measure the aircraft’s body horizontally to learn how wide it is.
Vocabulary items
What is dimension?
Dimension is a measurement of something in a particular direction, especially its height, length or width. Abbr. Dimension - dim
Dimensions - dims. e.g: Don’t forget to measure the dimensions of the shelves so that they fit securely into the cabinet. e.g: An average football pitch has the dimensions of 105m by 68m.
Linear Dimensions
Linear dimensions, or linear units, measure the distance between two points. Since two points define a line, the units of distance are sometimes called "linear" units or dimensions.
Some linear dimensions are • centimeters and inches, • meters and feet, • kilometers and miles...
Measure (v): To find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard units. Measuring something puts the amount of the thing into numbers. e.g: The area in front of our house was measured yesterday. It’s 1 kilometre by 2 kilometres. Measurement (n): The act or the process of finding the size, quantity or degree of something.
e.g: The exact measurements of the room are 3 metres 20 by 5 metres.
Vocabulary items
Plane (n): a flat or level surface or an imaginary flat surface which continues in all directions. Vertical Plane: a plane that passes through a vertical line. It is perpendicular to the ground. Horizontal Plane: an imaginary plane which is at a right angle to the vertical plane. It extends horizontally.
Vocabulary items
Vertical and Horizontal Planes
Span (n): 1) The distance between two points. 2) The part of a bridge between one vertical support
and another. e.g: In 1955, a two-span bridge was built to carry
trains across to the river.
a single span bridge a two-span bridge
Vocabulary items
Wingspan(n): the distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other when the wings are fully stretched. e.g: The green glider has a wingspan of
80 meters.
Vocabulary items
Width (n): The distance across something from one side to the other. E.g: The additional cabin width offers
passengers wider seats and more aisle space.
I___cabin(internal) width___I
Vocabulary items
Extremity (n): The furthest point, especially from the centre. E.g. An extra engine was installed at the rear
extremity of the aircraft.
Thickness (n): The size of something between opposite surfaces or sides. Syn. Width E.g. The walls are at least two feet in thickness.
Vocabulary items
Read the web page (dimensions of Airbus A380) in the book and answer the questions.
What is overall length? Overall Length is the measurement which is
taken between the two points that are furthest apart, along the length (the whole distance along it) of the aircraft.
How is the overall height of an aircraft measured?Overall height is measured vertically between the underside of the wheels and a horizontal plane touching the top of the tail.
How is external width (maximum fuselage width) measured?External width of an aircraft is measured horizontally between vertical planes touching the outside faces of the fuselage (body).
Read the web page (dimensions of Airbus A380) in the book and answer the questions.
Dimensions of an aircraft
A ?
B ?
C ?
D ?
A - Overall height
B - Wingspan
C - Maximum fuselage width
D – Overall length
Level (adj.): Horizontal and flat. E.g: I couldn’t place the box properly
because the ground was not level. Incline (n): To lean or slope in a particular direction. Inclined (adj.): sloping; at an angle. E.g: In this picture the surface has an
incline of twenty degrees.
Vocabulary items
Plumb (adj.): Exactly straight, usually describing a vertical surface or line. E.g. When you hang a door, you need
to make sure that it is both level and plumb.
Out of plumb: Not straight vertically. E.g. Tower of Pisa is about 15 feet out
of plumb.
Vocabulary items
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS
VOCABULARY WORKSHEET
DESIGN SOLUTIONS & HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS
VOCABULARY GAME