20a-1 dgr the journey - history book © dan rutledge~40p v2...

Historical Reference for ‘The Journey’ v2 (Dan Rutledge) of 41

The Celtic Waltz and The Journey: Words and music © 2011, Dan Rutledge, London Ontario Canada

The Journey

Near Liddesdale, Scottish border

Rutledge Family Odyssey

Roots of Celtic Thunder

Lyrics and Historical References for the Songs

The Celtic Waltz

&

The Journey

by

Dan Rutledge



Table of Contents

The Journey .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

Lyrics – The Journey ............................................................................................................................................ 4

1. Introduction – The Celtic Waltz ............................................................................................................... 4

2. Scotland and The Reivers ......................................................................................................................... 4

5. Ireland and the ‘Planters’.......................................................................................................................... 4

8. Ottawa – Stonecutters and Lumberjacks .................................................................................................. 4

10. The Walk to St. Catharines..................................................................................................................... 5

12. Hwy 19: Thamesford to Kintore............................................................................................................. 5

13. The Scattering......................................................................................................................................... 5

15. Finale ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

15. Epilog ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Historical Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 6

Information, Terminology and Historical Context............................................................................................... 7

Notes of Interest ♪ ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Family History.................................................................................................................................................. 7

Scottish Marches .............................................................................................................................................. 7

Shires ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Burn .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Reiver ............................................................................................................................................................... 7

THE JOURNEY – Reference Detail .................................................................................................................... 8

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

Verse 1 – The Celtic Waltz .......................................................................................................................... 8

The Celtic Waltz ................................................................................................................................................. 8

Aka: Celtic Salute ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Scotland and The Reivers ............................................................................................................................... 10

Verse 2 – The Debatable Lands and The Reivers. ..................................................................................... 10

The Debateable Lands ................................................................................................................................ 10

Verse 3 –Reiver Lifestyles ......................................................................................................................... 13

Bewcastle.................................................................................................................................................... 13

Spelling evolution, 1410 - 1603 ................................................................................................................ 14

The Routledge Burn ................................................................................................................................... 14

West March ................................................................................................................................................ 15

East Ward ................................................................................................................................................... 15

Verse 4 – Notoriety .................................................................................................................................... 16

Ireland and The ‘Planters’ .............................................................................................................................. 17

Verse 5 – Banished: Scotland to Ireland .................................................................................................... 17

Verse 6 – Fine Irish Whiskey ..................................................................................................................... 19

Verse 7 – Leaving Fermanagh, Ireland ...................................................................................................... 20

Verse 8 – The Crossing .............................................................................................................................. 20

Not all of the Rutledge families chose Canada – see Appendix 3 –Rutledges in the USA Ottawa –

Stonecutters and Lumberjacks........................................................................................................................ 20

Ottawa – Stonecutters and Lumberjacks ........................................................................................................ 21

Verse 9 – Ottawa – Building of the Parliament Buildings and the Rideau Canal...................................... 21

Verse 10 – The Walk: Ottawa to St. Catharines......................................................................................... 22

Verse 11- The Vision.................................................................................................................................. 22

Farmland – Thamesford to Kintore ................................................................................................................ 23

Verse 12 - The Family Farms on Hwy. 19 ................................................................................................. 23

The Scattering................................................................................................................................................. 24

Verse 13 – Scattered ................................................................................................................................... 24



Verse 14 – Mystery Solved ........................................................................................................................ 25

Finale and Epilog............................................................................................................................................ 25

Verse 15 – Finale........................................................................................................................................ 25

Verse 16 – Epilog ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Photo Gallery...................................................................................................................................................... 26

Scotland: The Debateable Land – near Liddesdale ....................................................................................... 26

Ireland: County Fermanagh............................................................................................................................ 29

Appendix 1 - Reiver Clans ................................................................................................................................. 36

Reiver Clan Names - Alphabetically .............................................................................................................. 36

Clan Locations in 1583................................................................................................................................... 36

Scottish ....................................................................................................................................................... 36

English........................................................................................................................................................ 36

Surname Origins by DNA .............................................................................................................................. 37

Reiver Clan Origins by DNA ..................................................................................................................... 37

Gaelic/Pictish/Celtic Briton:....................................................................................................................... 37

Anglo-Saxon:.............................................................................................................................................. 37

Anglo-Saxon or Norman: ........................................................................................................................... 37

Norman or Flemish:.................................................................................................................................... 37

Norse or Danish.......................................................................................................................................... 38

Patronymic.................................................................................................................................................. 38

Occupational Name .................................................................................................................................... 38

Local Scottish or Place Name..................................................................................................................... 38

More references .......................................................................................................................................... 38

Appendix 2 – Richard III.................................................................................................................................... 39

Appendix 3 – Rutledges in the USA .................................................................................................................. 40

Washington..................................................................................................................................................... 40

Editorial Note

May 31, 2016: Version 2 revisions to clarify information about King Richard III and also to John Rutledge’s participation in the first US presidential election in 1789.



Lyrics – The Journey The Rutledge Family Odyssey – Roots of Celtic Thunder

by Dan Rutledge

1. Introduction – The Celtic Waltz

L1 And when you hear the pipes today, you’ll hear the 'call to arms',

L2 When men will kiss their babies, and leave their family farms.

L3 Today a toast to kinsmen, who by my side will fight,

L4 Tomorrow toast the fallen lads, who felt the dragon's bite.

2. Scotland and The Reivers

From Scottish border villages, the reivers had descended,

From Armstrong, Scott and Elliott, the Routledges defended.

Northumbrian allegiance - was fierce and to the clan,

Tend their farms and call to arms – upon Debatable Land.

Double-crossed, Bewcastle lost, all were left to die,

No way to cope, the only hope: exacting eye for eye.

So blood for blood, across the burn, beyond 300 years,

Invading bands from 80 clans, no rule among the peers.

Black John was the strongest and his story oft was told,

The Sheriff sent in mounted troops to fetch his head for gold.

20 stakes to rest their heads, none left to claim the purse,

The Archbishop of Glasgow laid the Routledge family curse.

5. Ireland and the ‘Planters’

Banished from the Highland to a place more kind and fair,

Taken to the sea in ships they sailed across to Eire.

So in the north of Ireland, they made Fermanagh home,

A rolling farmland county between Mayo and Tyrone.

They made the toast of Ireland, the country's finest blend.

But when the crops were in the drought, their dynasty would end.

A stolen horse would change their course and from Fermanagh banned,

Forced to go, they slipped the 'o' and set out for new land.

And so they left their farmland, their fair north inland county,

Left water, soil, (and) sun and seed - their harvest and their bounty.

They found a friendly sailor, (and) safe passage was arranged,

(They) saw no light in that dark hole, it nearly drove them strange.

8. Ottawa – Stonecutters and Lumberjacks

A frantic trip in fragile ship, across unfriendly seas,

The rage of full Atlantic. A boat full of disease.

Through blazing sun and shiver, they made St. Lawrence River,

And steamed on safely inland, upon the Ottawa.



But ploughshares will not cut the stone and cannot fell the tree,

A stonecutter or lumber jack, a farmer cannot be,

At night they'd talk and plan the walk to where the land was free.

With hope but ill provisioned left the Ottawa Valley.

10. The Walk to St. Catharines

They’d travel light 'till late each night, then make camp hastily,

Then gather round the fire to recite the family tree:

John Thomas, Mary, Michael, Philip, Mark and Daniel G.,

With tin whistle and mandolin, they'd sing their history.

Then talk would turn to visions as they spoke of things to come,

The soil and the harvest was the life they had come from.

And by their hand they'd cut the land and drop the seed within,

Cut the weed and tend the deed until the crop was in.

12. Hwy 19: Thamesford to Kintore

And so they claimed the farmland north from Thamesford to Kintore,

They'd all the grain they needed. Sell off what they had more.

But once again the drought would come to settle an old score,

Lost it all by late fall bankers turned them from their door.

13. The Scattering

This time they scattered north and south. They lost the family tree,

Lost stag on green and sheaf of wheat, the crest of family.

And not until the 80's, did any stop to think,

To travel back to Ireland to find the missing link.

And so the family came to learn their past had been quite shady,

Reivers in the highland, every man and child and lady.

Spare no one, show no remorse, take all a horse could carry,

(Then) hide away in Tarras Moss safe from the adversary.

15. Finale

Was this just a reverie or serendipity?

Was it ‘Once upon a time’, or is it history?

Reality is clear to me, no need for pause or wonder:

Proud to be a family with roots of Celtic thunder.

15. Epilog

Does Celtic blood still stir at night when dark clouds shade the moon?

When reivers raid surrounding hills and carve a path of ruin?

Slower

And does the morning Celtic mist, still float across the glen?

While kitchen party fiddlers play, that Celtic Waltz again.

Instrumental End Tag: The Celtic Waltz.

The Journey: Words and music © 2011 Dan Rutledge, London Ontario Canada

The Celtic Waltz: Words and Music © 2011 Dan Rutledge, London Ontario Canada



Historical Overview Burn – Scottish term for stream or creek Routledge means Red pool or stream. The Rutledge Burn is located near the border near

Liddesdale. Reivers – Marauders or raiders on the Debatable Land in the 13th – 15th centuries. The Debatable Land – Scottish/English Border:

In 1473 he appointed Captains of Bewcastle: Cuthbert and John Routledge, Robert Elliot and Gerard Nixon. Richard was killed at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, (the decisive end to the War of the Roses), the land and castles were then given to captains under Henry Tudor (Henry III).

The curse: In 1525, the sheriff sent troups after Black John but none survived. Gavin Dunbar, the newly appointed Archbishop of

Glasgow, laid the curse in retaliation. It was read from every pulpit in the Church of Scotland Banishment In 1603, Elizabeth 1, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn died with no heir. She was succeeded by James 1 of

Scotland, who became James VI of England, the first king to govern England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. As Scottish king, the Anglo-Scottish Border trouble was a constant challenge.

To solve the border and to strengthen his hold by diluting the population in Ulster, James VI banished the reivers to Ireland. The Ulster’s nicknamed them the English ‘Planters’ (settlers). So, in 1606, the Routledges, Armstrong's, Elliot's, Grahams, and Nixon's, along with 25,000 more English and Scottish border people were forced to move to Ireland, (banished). James then renamed the 6 Marches to Shires.

Irish Planter Settlements: The bulk of the 25,000 displaced border people settled in the Irish Counties Fermanagh, Cavan and

Roscommon. Cromwell: In 1649, the Ulsters slaughtered 4000 Protestant-Planters. Oliver Cromwell, a signatory of Charles I's beheading, and

member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653), led led English campaign in Ireland to retaliate. With an army of 20,000, his invasion was so harsh it was named 'the curse of Cromwell'. Thousands were slaughtered, priests were tortured, villages pillaged and rebels sold into slavery.

Rutledge/Routledge: As youngsters, we were told that the ‘Rutledge’s’ made fine Irish whiskey. After being caught stealing horses they were banished and on leaving, added an ‘o’ to to their name – so they became Routledge. However, old church records were found in Ireland that suggest the horse thieves dropped the ‘o’ and became Rutledge.

Ottawa: The Rutledges landed in Carlton County in 1831 – a widow and children. Ottawa was originally the site of a military base in the 18th and early 19th centuries, development of the site into a governmental precinct began in 1859, after Bytown was chosen by Queen Victoria as the capital of the Province of Canada. Following a number of extensions to the parliament and departmental buildings and a fire in 1916 that destroyed the Centre Block, Parliament Hill took on its present form with the completion of the Peace Tower in 1927. (Colonel By built the Rideau canal system).

The Walk: Ottawa – Thamesford – Kintore: It’s approximately 500 kms. - 375 from Ottawa to St. Catharines and then 150 to Thamesford, and Kintore. Thomas the elder and his two sons bought farms in 1872 near Lakeside. His 1833 tombstone can still be found there. Just north of Thamesford . another farm remained in the family until 2005, when Murray Rutledge (Realtor), and his wife Beth, moved from their 1904 Century Farm.

13th – 17th Century Rutledge’s lived near Liddesdale where 80 Clans plundered each other for 400 years.

William Wallace: 13th century clans include the Wallaces. William W.,

b. Jan 1272, was hanged, drawn and quartered at Smithfield, London, on Aug. 23, 1305. Later known as Braveheart, the move, starring Mel Gibson grossed over $20 billion.

Tarras Moss – safe haven, deep bog, but is now drained. Only border

people and ponies knew the trails. Outsiders avoided the bog as paths were difficult to follow – if a rider in armor stepped off the path, they would sink and drown.

Castle of Bewcastel and Richard III In 1470, Richard York, Duke of Gloucester, (who became King Richard III, 1478-1485), was appointed Warden of Bewcastle.



Information, Terminology and Historical Context

Notes of Interest ♪ This song was written lyrics first, then melody added later. Once written, to clarify the rhythm, I used the tune from the theme of ‘Gilligans Island’ song as a beat master. The song can still be sung to that tune, and the last few words of each verse can be repeated, i.e. a 3 hour tour. If a section of the lyric is indented or highlighted, the melody is darker, and minor chords are used.

Family History Paternal - Rutledge Maternal - Stillwell

This song is about the Rutledge journey, which is my Father’s side. To the best of my knowledge, the information is historically correct as of August 2011. My father was Walter Harold, son of George Harold and Ethel Gibling. Siblings: Dorothy, Madeleine Hill, Bruce, Ken and Bob. New information often comes to light and as it does, the song won’t be updated -- it is a song and not a jounal.

My Great Grandmother was born in Co. Cork. My Grandmother, Jenny Martel, was born on the southern tip of Cape Breton Island, in L’Ardoise, pronounced ‘Lords Ways’. My grandfather, Charles Alfred Stillwell was a twin. born in London England. He was a member of the RCR’s – Royal Canadian Regiment. He married Jenny Martel and they had six children: Vera, Marie, Jim, Vic, Dennis and my mom, Marion.

Scottish Marches The term was created by Edward I to describe the six Anglo-Scottish border areas during late medieval and early modern eras—from the late 13th century.

Shires James I of England (aka James VI of Scotland) renamed Marches to Shires, e.g. Routledges in Middle Marche became Routledges of Middle Shire.

Burn Burn is a Scottish term for stream or creek.

Reiver A raider or marauder, specific to the middle ages along the Anglo-Scottish border in the 15th to 17th centuries. This is the time and situation shown in the movie about William Wallace, a reiver known as ‘Braveheart’ played by Mel Gibson.



THE JOURNEY – Lyric Reference Detail The Rutledge Family Odyssey – Roots of Celtic Thunder

by Dan Rutledge

Introduction

Verse 1 – The Celtic Waltz

And when you hear the pipes today, they'll play the 'call to arms',

When men will kiss their babies, and leave their family farms.

Today a toast to kinsmen, who by my side will fight,

Tomorrow toast the fallen lads, who felt the dragon's bite.

This song was written as an intro for ‘The Journey’. The outro is an instrumental repeat. I enjoyed

the song and so wrote additional verses later.

The Celtic Waltz

Aka: Celtic Salute Dan Rutledge

Verse 1

When you hear the pipes to-day, you’ll hear the call to arms. When men will kiss their babies, and leave their family farms.

Today a toast to kinsme: Who by my side will fight.

Tomorrow toast the fal-len lads who felt the dragon’s bite. Those, who perished in the fight.

Chorus 1

And if by chance my body falls, u-pon the battle field, Then ‘morrow come to fetch my sword, my colors and my shield.

Give them to my eldest son, for they shall serve him well. And spend ye not one tear for me, for I ha’e served ye well. Yea, I ha’e served ye well.

Verse 2

Then raise our son, a bonney lad, with sparkle in his eye, To steal the heart of ev’ry lass, his leave shall make them cry:

“O Mother, I just turned a-round, the bonney lad had gone,

To ride u-pon the crest of dawn and sing the wilder’ song.

To, his heart, I would be-long”.

Chorus 2

And when my son has 13 years, a tartan you shall weave. Teach him then to wear it proud, with boldness on his sleeve.

Let colors fly in battle, and he shall never yield. And proudly shall he bear my sword, protected by my shield. Aye, my sword be his to wield.

Final: (Repeat first 2 lines of Verse 1)

When you hear the pipes to-day, you’ll hear the call to arms. When men will kiss their babies, and leave their family farms.

Final Chorus

But we’ll be home by winter time, when days grow long and cold. To talk of plans and foreign lands, and stories yet untold.

And if the years are kind to us, and we should both grow old, Then priceless be the memory, that fireside be told, Aye, treasured more than gold.

The Celtic Waltz: Words and Music: © 2011-2012, Dan Rutledge, London ON Canada



The Reverie

In the original version, verse 1 was called ‘The Reverie’. Once the song contained a complete

historical reference, it was no longer valid, and so was removed:

Late last night a quiet light, fell soft upon my room,

I looked up through the window, and saw a mellow moon,

The stars and light, a mystic night, and I fell into dream,

Old voices in my reverie were clear and, crisp and clean.

Was this a dream? Absolutely not! I wanted to write a song about the family history. On starting, I

knew only a little.



Scotland and The Reivers

Verse 2 – The Debatable Lands and The Reivers.

From Scottish border villages, the reivers had descended,

From Armstrong, Scott and Elliott, the Routledges defended.

Northumbrian allegiance - was fierce and to the clan,

Tend their farms and call to arms – upon Debatable Land.

My apologies to the Grahams, Nixons, Milburns, Forsters, Dodds,Tailors and Nobles who were also from the Liddesdale area but their clan names weren’t included in the lyrics.

The Debatable Lands: The Anglo/Scottish Border

Over the centuries there is countless tales of men from along the Anglo/Scottish border, ‘The Debatable Lands’. They were raiders or marauders of homes in England and Scotland in the Middle Ages – 15th through the end of the 17th century. These raiders were known as reivers. The reivers always escaped attack and capture by other reivers and by authorities because of their their knowledge of the land, specifically by hiding in the bogs of Tarras Moss. Both England and Scotland claimed the land but neither had any jurisdiction over it and so it came to be named The Debatable Lands. The Debatable Lands’ stretched from roughly Newcastleton in the north all the way down to the Esk estuary in the south. The northern boundary of the Debatable land was marked by a set of standing stones found about three and a half miles west of Kershopefoot. (Map ref: 79 431 839)

http://www.thereivertrail.com/trail.php

The Debateable Lands

Border Reivers

Reivers was the name given to border marauders or raiders in the 15th thru 17th centuries. Their ranks consisted of both Scottish and English families, and they raided the entire border country without regard to their victims' nationality. Their heyday was in the last hundred years of their existence, during the time of the Stuart Kings in Scotland and the Tudor Dynasty in England.



Clan Locations - English Middle March and the Clan ‘Routledge’ From Solway Firth (lower left), … trace inland from the eastern tip or the firth:

• Grahams

• Routledges, Routledges

• Milburns …just south of the Armstrongs and Elliots.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm

How It Sarted

Edward the I, aka Longshanks, led the English army to Scotland. On March 28th, 1296 they crossed at Tweed, poured through a breach in the wall at Berwick and slaughtered 17,000 men and women. These battles and times have been immortalized in the movie ‘Braveheart’, starring Mel Gibson as Braveheart – who was William Wallace, from the Wallace Clan. Some believe this was the catalyst for the birth of the Reivers -- 80 families who’s allegiance to family was dominating. Eventually, this meant that they all fought each other.



http://www.everymansprey.com/Routledge_raids_and_reivers.htm

How It Continued for Centuries

In the early years of the Routledges we are often described as having a prominent seat in the Debateable lands in the north and in Tarras Moss, just south of Hawick, where the earliest records were found. Tarras moss sat at the head of the Debatable lands, on the Scottish side of the border. The name Tarras Moss is hardly ever mentioned without it being connected to a Reiver. To an outsider, the Moss was a place of great danger, not only from bogs and mires, but also from hostile prowlers. It was a place to be avoided. Seemingly solid ground could swallow a man whole or even a horse. Routes in and out of the Tarras Moss, and patches of dry ground were well known by certain Reiver families and they intended it to keep it that way. It was a huge expanse of treacherous bog covered with low scrub, a desolate waste, and in parts thick wood, the hiding place of reivers, moss troopers and wanted men. The moss was impenetrable to all but those who, out of dire necessity, knew the safe tracks and how to negotiate the hazards - the Border ponies could always pick their way. When threatened, the reivers withdrew into the Moss, taking with them their possessions. When the danger was over, they would emerge, rebuild their homes, and continue with their reiver activities as before.

Tarras Moss – Today

Tarras Moss is now drained and the concealing vegetation has been cleared away leaving a barren moss, heather and moor land, devoid of major vegetation and any distinguishing features.

http://www.everymansprey.com/Routledge_raids_and_reivers.htm

More Information on Reivers

Appendix 1 contains more information about reiver clan names and backgrounds.



Verse 3 –Reiver Lifestyles

Double-crossed, Bewcastle lost, all were left to die,

No way to cope, the only hope: exacting eye for eye.

So blood for blood, across the burn, beyond 300 years,

Invading bands from 80 clans, no rule among the peers.

Bewcastle and Richard III

In the early days, the family owned several castles and towers. In 1470, Richard York, Duke of Gloucester, was appointed Warden of Bewcastle. He later became King Richard III, 1478-1485, a tyrannical leader and

the last king of the House of York and the Plantagenet dynasty.

In 1473 Richard appointed Cuthbert and John Routledge, Robert Elliot and Gerard Nixon as Captains of Bewcastle. They were let the lands and Castle in exchange for services to the king. Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, the decisive end to the War of the Roses. Defeated by Henry Tudor, (Henry III), the land and castles were then given to the Musgrave’s under Henry Tudor. (See Appendix 2 – Richard III).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England

Bewcastle

http://www.everymansprey.com/routledges_of_bewcastle.htm

John and Cuthbert Routledge owned the castle at Bewcastle, Scotland. (1473)

The Rutledge Burn Farm

Fyi, fortified farms were known as Bastle Houses.



The Routledge Burn and the Evolution of People and Names

Routledge means Red pool or stream.

The Routledge Burn, named in the mid 1700’s, is found in Cumberland. The water is red.

http://www.everymansprey.com/whats_in_a_name.htm

The first Routledges in Bewcastle were said to have come from the Debateable Lands and Liddesdale in 1473.

http://www.everymansprey.com/

Spelling evolution, 1410 - 1603

de Routluge, de Routlug, Routelyech, Rowtleyche, Routlage, Routlisch, Routlich, Routlech, Roucleshe, Rouchligis, Routlesche, Routleche, Routlege, Rutlethe, Rotheluche, Rowtleische, Rowtleisch, Rowteleages, Bowteledge, Routledg, Routlach, Routlache, Ratlege, Rowtledge, Reutledge, Routledge, Rutliche, Rootledge, Rowtelege, Rowtlege, Ruttligis, Rutledge, Routhedge, Rowtlage, Routleidge, Rowlidge Routledge Spelling was most often the interpretation of the person preparing the tax information or muster roll.

The Routledge Burn

Old Border Language - Scots

The syllables of Routluge are not derived from Latin or Gaelic which was the tongue of the time. The lowland border country of Scotland had its own language called Scots. Scots is the Germanic language, related to English, spoken in Lowland Scotland and Ulster, where the Celtic language Gaelic was not spoken. Web translators do not reference the Scots language, but will work if you use Scotch.

DNA

Based on DNA information, the reiver clans classify as:

• Gaelic/Pictish/Celtic Briton

• Anglo-Saxon – (Rutledge) • Anglo-Saxon or Norman

• Norman or Flemish

• Norse or Danish

• Occupational Name

• Local Scottish or Place Name



Muster Rolls

The 1580's Muster Roll's of the parishes of Cumberland were basically a long list of all the persons who carried arms. People were listed if they owned at least one of four weapons; A sword, a steel helmet or cap, a spear, or a lance. Exceptions occurred if they had horses or had nothing, or if they were a notable person in the parish.

West March

- Askerton Parish John Rowtlege [cap and spear] Wille, Rowland and Mathew Rowtlege [lance] - Lanercost Parish: Randell Routledge [caps and spears] - Watton Parish: Thomas & Andrew Routledge [caps & spears] William Routledge [lance] - Skailbye Parish Lanceolote Reutledge [spears] - Leath Parish Archie Routledge [unfurnished, archer?]

East Ward

John, Christopher, Thomas and Rigmone Rutliche [horses]



Verse 4 – Notoriety

Black John was the strongest and his story oft was told,

The Sheriff sent in mounted troops to fetch his head for gold.

20 stakes to rest their heads, none left to claim the purse,

The Archbishop of Glasgow laid the Routledge family curse.

Black John Routledge aka the Qwskes

Around the turn of the 15th and 16th century, 'Black John' Routledge is mentioned in records spanning a 30 year period. He came from either the Bewcastle area, or Liddesdale, (neighbouring counties), was accused of the burning of Branxholm Castle, and his house was in turn, burnt by the good people of Branxholm. Documents of these events refer to the nickname Qwskes. The origin of the nickname Qwskes is unknown – perhaps now better known as the Quick’s? Reiver longevity is attributed to their hideaway – Tarras Moss.

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gallgaedhil/dna_by_surname.htm

The Curse

Gavin Dunbar, appointed by Pope Clement VII, became the Archbishop of Glasgow on July 8th 1524. In 1525, a company of the sheriff’s riders were sent to bring Black John to justice. Only Black John survived. The Archbishop put a curse on and he sent it to every church and chapel where it was to be read from every pulpit in the land. 3 years later, the Routledges where chased from their lands. Dunbar became Chancellor of Scotland on July 8th 1528.

http://www.everymansprey.com/The%20Curse.htm



Ireland and The ‘Planters’

Verse 5 – Banished: Scotland to Ireland

Banished from the Highland to a place more kind and fair,

Taken to the sea in ships they sailed across to Eire.

So in the north of Ireland, they made Fermanagh home,

A rolling farmland county between Mayo and Tyrone.

James VI

James I (Stewart), was King of Scotland. As Scottish king he found the troubles alone the Anglo-Scottish Border a thorn in his side. Under James, reivers were hung and so was anyone who questioned it. Elizabeth I was Queen of England. Elizabeth I of England died without an heir, leaving the thrown of England empty. James VI of Scotland became James I of England. So James was the first King to govern England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. He had 2 major problems: problems on the Anglo-Scottish Border and little control in Ulster.

So, to crush and diffuse the reivers and to strengthen his hold in Ulster, King James banished the reivers to Ireland. So, in 1606, the Routledges, Armstrong's, Elliot's, Grahams, and Nixon's, along with 25,000 more English and Scottish were forced to move to Ireland, (banished). They displaced settlers were nicknamed English Planters and landed in Irish Counties Fermanagh, Cavan and Roscommon.

http://maps.google.ca/ or more at http://www.windfinder.com/forecasts/wind_weather_forecast_google_map_british_isles.htm



Planters Settlements:

Counties: Fermanagh, Cavan and Roscommon

My maternal Great, Great Grandmother was born in Co Cork

http://www.lookaroundireland.com/travel-maps/map-of-counties http://www.spirited-ireland.net/map/_counties/

See More at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland

Co Fermanagh

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/tomals/Lewis%27s%20Co%20Fermanagh,%201839..jpg

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/tomals/Irish_maps_of_S_Lewis_1839.htm



Verse 6 – Fine Irish Whiskey

They made the toast of Ireland, the country's finest blend.

But when the crops were in the drought, their dynasty would end.

A stolen horse would change their course and from Fermanagh banned,

Forced to go, they slipped the 'o' and set out for new land.

Truths Uncovered

In the 1980’s, my uncle Bob and Aunt Eva searched church records and found evidence of distilling fine Irish whiskey. After a horse was stolen, the family faced banishment, and changed the spelling Routledge to Rutledge, etc. As children, we’d been given the opposite story.

Castles, Fortified Structures and Land in Ireland

Castle Coote, Roscommon

Pele Towers

Fortified structures were required for defense. Thomas Rutledge owned Castle Coote in Co. Roscommon in Ireland. (1585) Hall Hills: on a local high point overlooking the confluence of Hall Sike and Kirk Beck, 370m WNW of St Cuthbert's Church Low Todholes: Supposed site of tower mentioned in 1510 and 1553. Presumably the same as Todholles (1581) Nook: Slight traces of tower or bastle burnt in 1587. Willie Toms Tower: Vanished tower shown on map of 1590 Cumcrook Bastle House A bastle house is a fortified farm house. John Cumcrook, (probably John Routledge of Cumcrook), is depicted on the 1590 map of Cumbria. Troughead: Vanished tower shown on map of 1590 as 'Troughead' and on 1607 platt as 'Trough heade' Three prominent Rutledges owned lands in three close counties.

• In 1633, Richard Rutledge was mortgaged 228 acres near Roscommon.

• Jeffery Rutledge owned a small area in Co Cavan.

• In 1610, Edward Rutledge was granted all the towns and land of Doughbally, 'containing 24 polls or 1200 acres'.

Oliver Cromwell In 1649, Oliver Cromwell, a signatory of Charles I's beheading, and a member of the Rump Parliament (1649–1653), was selected to take command of the English campaign in Ireland to retaliate the slaughter of 4000 Protestant-Planters. With an army of 20,000, his invasion was so harsh it was named 'the curse of Cromwell'. Thousands were slaughtered, priests were tortured, villages pillaged and rebels sold into slavery. After the invasion land was confiscated: Stephen Rutledge, perhaps a son of Edward. However, two of Cromwell’s officers gained lands -- A Lieutenant Edward Rutledge and a Lieutenant Thomas Rutledge. His soldiers included Thomas Rutledge, Nicholas Rutledge and Francis Rowtlidge.

Bastle house,Cumcrook



Verse 7 – Leaving Fermanagh, Ireland

And so they left their farmland, their fair north inland county,

Left water, soil, (and) sun and seed - their harvest and their bounty.

They found a friendly sailor, (and) safe passage was arranged,

(They) saw no light in that dark hole, it nearly drove them strange. This verse is appropriate to the customs and culture of the times but is not fact.

Verse 8 – The Crossing

A frantic trip in fragile ship, across unfriendly seas,

The rage of full Atlantic. A boat full of disease.

Through blazing sun and shiver, they made St. Lawrence River,

And steamed on safely inland, upon the Ottawa.

They arrived in Ottawa. A widow and many children. The rest of this verse is appropriate to the customs and culture of the times but is not fact.

Not all of the Rutledge families chose Canada – see Appendix 3 –Rutledges in the USA



Ottawa – Stonecutters and Lumberjacks

Verse 9 – Ottawa – Building of the Parliament Buildings and the Rideau Canal

But ploughshares will not cut the stone and cannot fell the tree,

A stonecutter or lumber jack, a farmer cannot be,

At night they'd talk and plan the walk to where the land was free.

With hope but ill provisioned left the Ottawa Valley.

The family planned to walk to South-Western Ontario. The rest of this verse is appropriate to the customs and culture of the times but is not fact. Lumber from Algonquin Park was shipped to England. Scottish stone cutters built Ottawa’s parliament buildings and the Rideau Canal. The Centre, East and West blocks of the Parliament Buildings were built between 1859 and 1866 (excluding the Tower and Library) http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/Publications/ParliamentBuilding

s/ParlBlgs-e.asp

The Rideau Canal, was built by Lieutenant Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers from 1826-1832, with 47 masonry locks and 52 dams creating a 202 km (125 mile) waterway - one of the greatest engineering feats of the 19th century. http://www.rideau-info.com/canal/history/hist-canal.html



Verse 10 – The Walk: Ottawa to St. Catharines

They’d travel light 'till late each night, then make camp hastily,

Then gather round the fire to recite the family tree:

John Thomas, Mary, Michael, Philip, Mark and Daniel G.,

With tin whistle and mandolin, they'd sing their history.

They walked from Ottawa to St. Catharines, and then on to the Thamesford-Kitore area on Hwy 19. My sister and brothers are named here. These names also appear throughout the family historical records. I play guitar and mandolin and have several tin whistles. The names: John, Thomas, Michael, Edward, Joseph, George and Harold figured prominently, (repeated), throughout family history. Edward signed the American Declaration of Independence.

Ontario – The Walk: Ottawa – St. Catharines – Kintore

Approximately 500 kilometers

http://maps.google.ca/

Verse 11- The Vision

Then talk would turn to visions as they spoke of things to come,

The soil and the harvest was the life they had come from.

And by their hand they'd cut the land and drop the seed within,

Cut the weed and tend the deed until the crop was in.

They had been farmers in northern Ireland. The rest of this verse is appropriate to the customs and culture of the times but is not fact



Farmland – Thamesford to Kintore

Verse 12 - The Family Farms on Hwy. 19

And so they claimed the farmland north from Thamesford to Kintore,

They'd all the grain they needed. Sell off what they had more.

But once again the drought would come to settle an old score,

Lost it all by late fall bankers turned them from their door.

Rutledge farms stretched along Highway 19, from Thamesford to Kintore and up to Lakeside. My Grandfather, George Harold Rutledge was born in Medina, just north of Kintore on Highway 119. His siblings were all born in Kintore. Murray Rutledge, a farmer turned realtor, and his wife Beth lived in their Century Farm (1904) until 2005. It is located just north of the Thamesford on Highway 19. Two farms were purchased in 1872 near Lakeside and the 1833 tombstone of Thomas Rutledge can still be found there today.

The Farms – Highway 19 - Thamesford to Kintore



The Scattering

Verse 13 – Scattered

This time they scattered north and south. They lost the family tree,

Lost stag on green and sheaf of wheat, the crest of family.

And not until the 80's, did any stop to think,

To travel back to Ireland to find the missing link.

Grandma (Ethel) Rutledge, (King Street, London), provided family history to her granddaughter Lauri (Laureen). Lauri’s parents, Bob and Eva talked of plans to travel throughout Ireland to search church records and other sources. That became unnecessary as the internet began to provide a much broader and cost-effective source of information. Today they own volumes of records, clippings and pictures of family history. It’s a massive job just to keep it up to date. Here are samples of offerings on the web.



Verse 14 – Mystery Solved

And so the family came to learn their past had been quite shady,

Reivers in the highland, every man and child and lady.

Spare no one, show no remorse, take all a horse could carry,

(Then) hide away in Tarras Moss safe from the adversary.

Tom Rutledge, formerly of Kitchener, now in northern Ontario, has a vast data base of family tree dating back centuries.

Finale and Epilog

Verse 15 – Finale

Was this just a reverie or serendipity?

Was it ‘Once upon a time’, or is it history?

Reality is clear to me, no need for pause or wonder:

Proud to be a family with roots of Celtic thunder Marianne said the end should speak of pride in the family. She was right!

Verse 16 – Epilog

Does Celtic blood still stir at night when dark clouds shade the moon?

When reivers raid surrounding hills and carve a path of ruin?

And does the morning Celtic mist, still float across the glen?

While kitchen party fiddlers play, that Celtic Waltz again.

Instrumental End Tag: The Celtic Waltz, Line 1

When you hear the pipes today, you’ll hear the 'call to arms,

you’ll hear the 'call to arms!

Some intrigue… do they still ride? Musically, I didn’t like the ending, so I wrote the Celtic Waltz to be a tag. It worked and later became the intro as well.

The Journey: Words and music © 2011 Dan Rutledge, London Ontario Canada

The Celtic Waltz: Words and Music © 2011 Dan Rutledge, London Ontario Canada



Photo Gallery

Scotland: The Debateable Land – near Liddesdale

http://flickriver.com/places/United+Kingdom/Scotland/Liddesdale/



Ireland: County Fermanagh



http://www.art.com/products/p13036983-sa-i2288570/andrew-mcconnell-enniskillen-castle-on-the-banks-of-lough-erne-enniskillen-county-fermanagh-northern-ireland.htm



Appendix 1 - Reiver Clans

Reiver Clan Names - Alphabetically A-B Ainsley, Allison, Anderson, Armstrong, Ballantyne, Barraford, Beatty, Bell, Bogue, Boone, Brown, Bruce, Burn, Burrell C-D

Carlisle, Carlton, Carruthers, Cecil, Chamberlain, Clifford, Collingwood, Coulter, Craw, Crawford, Cresswell, Crisp, Crozier, Cuthbert, Dalgliesh, Davison, Dixon, Dodd, Douglas, Drysdale, Dunn E-I

Elder, Elliott, Eure, Fenwick, Fleming, Forster, Fraser, Gilchrist, Glendenning, Glenn, Gordon, Gowland, Gaden, Graham, Gray, Hadley, Hall, Halliday, Harden, Harle, Henderson, Hepburn, Heron, Hetherington, Hildreth, Hodgson, Howard, Hume, Hunter, Huntley, Inglis, Irvine J-P

Jackson, Jardine, Johnston, Kennedy, Kerr, Kilpatrick, Kirkland, Laidlaw, Langley, Liddell, Lindsay, Lisle, Little, Lowther, MacLellan, Maxwell, McCulloch, Milburn, Minto, Moffit, Montgomery, Murray, Musgrave, Nixon, Noble, Ogle, Oliver, Orr, Percy, Potts, Pringle, Pyle R-V

Radcliff, Rayburn, Reade, Redpath, Ridley, Robson, Rome, Rowell, Rutherford, Rutledge, Salkeld, Scoles, Scott, Selby, Shortridge, Simpson, Sommerville, Stamper, Stapleton, Stephenson, Stewart, Storey, Taggart, Tait, Taylor, Telford, Thomson, Trotter, Turnbull, Turner, Tweedie, Veitch W-Y

Wake, Wallace, Watson, Waugh, Weir, Wharton, Wilkinson, Wilson, Witherington, Young

http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gallgaedhil/dna_by_surname_2.htm

Clan Locations in 1583

Scottish English

East March Humes, Trotters, Bromfields, Dixons, Craws, Crinstons. Middle March Carrs, Youngs, Pringles, Burnes, Taits, Davisons, Gilleries, Rudderfords, Dowglasses, Trombles, Scotts, Piles, Robsons, Halls, Olivers, Ladlers, Armstrongs, Elwoods (Elliots), Nixons, Crosers, Turners, Fosters. West March Maxwells, Johnsons, Urwins, Grahams, Bells, Carlills, Battison, Littles, Carruders.

East March Fosters, Selbies, Graiesm Strowders, Swiners, Mustains, Johnsons, Vardes, Ourdes, Wallises, Stories, Flukes, Dunnes. Middle March Ogeles, Fenickes, Hernes, Withringtons, Medfords, Shafters, Ridlies, Carnabies, Halls, Hedleys, Milburns, Andersons, Potts, Reades, Dunnes, Charletons, Dodds, Milborns, Stapletons, Robsons, Yaroes. West March Musgraves, Loders, Curwenes, Sawfelde, Grahams, Rutlitchs, Fosters, Nixons, Armstrongs, Tailors, Stories.

http://www.everymansprey.com/birth_of_the_reivers.htm



Surname Origins by DNA http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gallgaedhil/border_reiver_deep_ancestry.htm#surname_analysis

The Oxford Ancestors method seems guided by the following principles: Since surnames did not become common practice in Britain until after the 12th century, two things must be true.

1) The linguistic origin of the surname reflects the time and place where the surname was acquired, not necessarily the "deep ancestry" of who acquired it. 2) Since lineages precede surnames, the two cannot be identical. Many persons of different lineages may have acquired the same surname, and many persons of the same lineage may have acquired different surnames.

Examples of surnames that may not reflect a shared genetic lineage are: 1) Place Names - such as the names of towns, estates, or physical features of the landscape. 2) Patronyms - in other words, surnames based on the given name of the father. These could have been acquired by many persons whose only relationship is that their fathers had the same first name. 3) Occupational Names - such as Baker, Walker, Carpenter, Smith, and so on. These are acquired by persons whose only relationship is a shared profession.

Reiver Clan Origins by DNA

In spite of the essentially non-genetic nature of surnames, some of them are associated with old Scottish or English families with a known national origin. Border Reiver DNA profiles by probable surname origin produce a curious result. When using DNA to determine origins, the resulting groups are known as Haplogroups. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gallgaedhil/border_reiver_deep_ancestry.htm

Gaelic/Pictish/Celtic Briton:

Beatty, Burn, Dunn, Carlisle, Carlton, Carruthers, Coulter, Cuthbert, Dalgliesh, Drysdale, Glendenning, Glenn, Gowland, Halliday, Kennedy (Gaelic for "Ugly Head" or "Helmeted Head", although family may be Hiberno-Norse in origin), Kilpatrick, Kirkland, MacLellan, McCulloch, Moffit, Pringle (from the Welsh "Hoppringle"), Scott, Taggart, Wallace (thought to mean "Welsh"), Waugh (also derived from OE "Wealh", meaning "Welsh")

Anglo-Saxon:

Ainslie, Barraford (or Beresford), Collingwood, Craw (Crow), Dodd, Elliott (Elwald), Fenwick, Hadley, Harden, Hepburn, Heron, Hildreth, Howard, Huntley, Inglis, Irvine, Laidlaw, Langley, Maxwell, Milburn, Musgrave, Pople, Potts, Pyle, Radcliff, Redpath, Reade, Rutledge, Shortridge, Stamper, Stapleton, Turnbull, Veitch, Wake, Witherington, Young

Anglo-Saxon or Norman:

Armstrong (maybe from "Fortinbras"), Brown (Norman when "Broun"), Gray, Hall, Little

Norman or Flemish:

Bell, Boone (or Bone), Bruce, Burrell (of Huguenot origin), Cecil, Crisp, Douglas (family is Flemish, although Douglas is a Celtic place name), Eure, Fleming, Fraser, Gordon, Graham, Jardine, Lindsay, Lisle (from "L'Isle"), Montgomery, Murray, Noble, Oliver, Percy, Sommerville, Stewart, Telford (from "Taliafer") and Weir



Norse or Danish

Allison (from "McAlister", via Alisdair Mor, descendant of Somerled - Cumbrian variant Ellison can also be from the Norse), Bogue, Gilchrist, Hetherington, Kerr (from "Kjarr"), Ogle, Orr, Ridley, Salkeld, Storey, Tait, Wharton

Patronymic

Anderson, Robinson (a sect of Clan Gunn) and Wilson may sometimes be Norse. Davison, Thomson, Henderson and Wilkinson may be Celtic families. Jackson, Simpson, Robson, Nixon, Dixon, Hodgson and Watson may be Anglo-Saxon. Stephenson could be Celtic or Norman. Johnston and Johnson are more often than not variations of one another.

Occupational Name

Chamberlain, Forster (or "Forrester"), Hunter, Taylor, Trotter and Turner

Local Scottish or Place Name

Ballantyne (from "Bennochtain"), Crawford, Cresswell, Elder, Graden, Liddell (from "Liddesdale"), Lowther, Minto, Rayburn, Rome, Rutherford and Tweedie (and, possibly, many of those above)

More references

Border Reivers: http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/border_reivers3.htm

Clan Mottos: http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/clan_mottos.htm

Clan Tartans: http://www.electricscotland.com/tartans/tartans.htm



Appendix 2 – Richard III

In 1470, Richard York, Duke of Gloucester, was appointed Warden of Bewcastle. He later became King

Richard III, 1478-1485, a tyrannical leader and the last king of the House of York and the Plantagenet

dynasty.

In 1473 Richard appointed Cuthbert and John Routledge, Robert Elliot and Gerard Nixon as Captains of Bewcastle. They were let the lands and Castle in exchange for services to the king. (DR)

In August 1485, Henry Tudor and his uncle, Jasper Tudor, led a second rebellion against Richard. Henry

Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace,

Pembrokeshire, recruiting soldiers. Henry's force engaged Richard's army and defeated it at the Battle of

Bosworth Field in Leicestershire. Richard was struck down in the conflict, making him the last English king to

die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold II was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

After the battle Richard's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp. His original tomb

monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation, and his remains were lost for more than

five centuries, and believed to have been thrown into the River Soar. In 2012, an archaeological excavation

was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by

Greyfriars Priory Church. The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of

Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating, comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance, and

comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III's eldest sister,

Anne of York.

After the defeat by Henry Tudor, (Henry III), the land and castles were then given to the Musgrave’s. (DR)

Richard's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015. Richard III of England was

confirmed to be haplogroup G2 (Y-DNA) and J1c2c (mtDNA).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England

From the Toronto (Ontario, Canada) Star, (Saturday, December 14, 2013)



Appendix 3 – Rutledges in the USA

Washington In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washington ran virtually unapposed and was unanimously elected president of the United States with 69 electoral votes. John Rutledge came in 4th with 6 votes. (http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-election-of-1789/)

Washinton D.C.

Edward, John’s brother, signed the Declaration of Independence.

Towns named Rutledge are found in found in states of Oregon, Florida, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Alabama, Tennessee, Missouri, Minnesota, Georgia and Wisconsin.



Fyi…

December 2013

Original document published.

May 31, 2016

Version 2 revisions to clarify information about King Richard III and also to John Rutledge’s participation in

the first US presidential election in 1789. (And a thank you to Diane R. for bringing this to my attention.)

More information is available on a daily basis on the internet!

Enjoy!

Dan Rutledge

London, Ontario