21-1b-roleofmusclesligamentstendonsin-120602235830-phpapp02 (1)

7/28/2019 21-1b-roleofmusclesligamentstendonsin-120602235830-phpapp02 (1)

1/19

1


2/19


3/19

3

Movement is caused bythe contraction ofskeletal muscles

which interact withthe bones.

Muscle cells contractin response tostimulation whichcarried by nerveimpulses.

Muscles are attachedto bones by tendonsnear a joint.


4/19


5/19

5

Tendons consist of very stronginelastic, non-stretchable

collagen fibres & appear asglistening silver-grey strandsbetween the muscles & bones

Function : to ensure that theforce produced by thecontraction of muscles istransmitted to the part of thebody to be move.


6/19

6

A joint is formedwhere 2 or morebones come together held together at ajoint by ligaments.

Ligaments are tough& strong connectivetissues, elastic &allow the movement

of bones at a joint.Also important inpreventingdislocation.


7/19

7


8/19

8

TYPE OFJOINT

CHARACTERISTIC EXAMPLE FUNCTION

Immovable/fixed

(suture)

Bones heldtogether byfibrousconnectivetissue. Nomovement between

bones.

Skull

Pelvicgirdle

Protectsdelicatetissues ofbrain & senseorgans

Protect

urogenitalorgans; supportbody

Partiallymovable

Cartilagebridges thejoints. Movementis restricted.

Vertebralcolumn.

Some degree offlexibility

Cartilage is ashock absorber,cushions joint& reducesfriction


9/19

9

TYPE OFJOINT

CHARACTERISTIC EXAMPLE FUNCTION

Movable/

sinovial

(i) Hinge

(ii) Ball-and-socket

Ends ofarticulatingbones arecovered withcartilage. Jointenclosed by

joint capsule.It is lined witha thin synovialmembrane whichsecretes

synovial fluid.

Knee,elbow,fingerjoints

Shoulder,hip joint

Movement inone plane

Movement inall planes andsome rotational

movement


10/19

10

TENDON LIGAMENT

similarities

made up of collagen fibres

hold two types of tissues together

differences

Bone & muscle Bone & bone

No elastin tissues Elastin tissues present

Inelastic Elastic

COMPARISON BETWEEN TENDON & LIGAMENT


11/19


12/19

12

Action on musclesin bringing about

movement

Some muscles work

together to bringabout movementwhile othermuscles work in

opposition to oneanother


13/19

13

Antagonistic Muscles Muscles which work in opposition.Eg : biceps and triceps

Muscles can contract and relax

Muscles can pull on the bones but

cannot push Muscles which straighten limbs arecalledextensors

Muscles which bend limbs are calledflexors Extensor work antagonistically withflexor.


14/19

14

ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLES


15/19

15

All muscles have 2primary proteins Actin

MyosiN

Actin and myosinare found insarcomeres, the

functional units ofmusclecontradiction

Sacromeres consistof thick filaments(actin) whichinteract to bringabout musclecontraction.


16/19


17/19

17

At the joint, thebones are allowedto move, in

relation to eachother, y theelastic ligaments.

The Synovialmembrane secretessynovial fluidwhich serves as a

lubricant tominimize thefriction betweentwo bones


18/19

18

The articulatingsurfaces of the bonesare covered by flexiblecartilage.

Cartilage protects thejoint and allows smoothmovements.

It also absorb shock

when pressure is placedon the joint, forexample when walking.

W/out synovial fluid

and cartilage, thebones will rubtogether.

It can lead pain and

swelling of joints


19/19

21-1b-roleofmusclesligamentstendonsin-120602235830-phpapp02 (1)

Documents