2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5

Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Essential Question:

Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features.

Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions

GET OUT: SYLLABUSLAB SAFETY CONTRACT

Key Vocabulary:Atom Proton/Neuton/ElectronElement

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

P. 4

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• How can this plant digest a frog? – If plants can make their own food through

photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals?

Top of P.4

Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in white font for your answer…

Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis

• Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus

• Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• Venus Fly Trap

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.

Please draw and label an atom in the middle section of pg. 4

energylevel

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Fun Fact

• It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure…

• Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+)

• Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge)

• Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-)

Energy Level

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Oxygen atom (O)

Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons

outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-)

inner energy level: 2 electrons (-)

Energy Levels

Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Bill Nye Part I- Atoms 6m36s

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• An element is one or more atoms of the same type. – cannot be broken down into simpler substances– Can be put together to make compounds or molecules– The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies!

- Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton

gold

aluminum

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers?

IronGoldTin

Aluminum 13 P13 E14 N

50 P50 E69 N

79 P79 E118 N

26 P26 E30 N

Proton # = Electron#

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are...

79 P79 E118 N

Gold

+79 + (-79) = ???

+79 + (-79) = 0

electrically neutral!!!!

+P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesHow to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesHow to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

Atomic # = Proton # = Electron #

All the same #!!!!!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level

2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E

How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

6 energy levels•1st=2•2nd=8•3rd= 18•4th= 32•5th=18•6th= 1

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element

– Number of Protons = Atomic #

– Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic #

– Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # 197 - 79 =118

Atomic #

Element’s Symbol

Element Name

Atomic Mass

79

79

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4

Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron #

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded

26.9815386

283

Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic #

– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• Draw a Aluminum Atom – Protons: 13– Neutrons: 14

(27-13= 14)– Electrons: 13

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7

Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Essential Question:

How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding.

Key Vocabulary:IonIonic bondCovalent bondMolecule

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

P.6

EQ

Ionic Bond Covalent Bond

Ion Formation

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements?

A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!!

Aluminum Iron Tin

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

_

OHH

++

– water (H2O)

• A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20

Draw mini picture

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

• All compounds are molecules• NOT all molecules are compounds

Hydrogen

covalent covalent

O O

– Ex: O2

– Ex: H2O

• Compound and molecule

• Molecule only

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

+ -

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Positive Ions: •Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons •Become POSITIVELY charged ion

Negative Ions: •Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons •Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion

-

Energy level

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

11P 17P

• 11P (+)• 10E (-)

• 17P (+)• 18E (-) - +

IONS

Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Hydrogen: neutral Fluorine: needs one electron to fill its outer energy level

Fluorine: “steals” an electron from Hydrogen. Becomes a negatively charged ion

Hydrogen: becomes a positively charged ion

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms.

• They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are:

• They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for

metabolism (the process of turning food into energy)• Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle

movement in your body

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O.

Now we have salt!!!!

“Opposites Attract!!!!”

Draw in the middle section of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

covalent bonds– Share electrons in outer energy level– Can have multiple bonds– Strong bonds

Hydrogen

covalent covalent

H2OAkaWater!

Draw in the middle section of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds

Pg. 38-39 in book

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds

Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds

Share electrons bonding

Form between oppositely charged ions

atomsDissolve in H2O

Strong Bond

Bonds ions

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9

Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

Essential Question:

None

2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.

• 1. Nitrogen: • Protons: 7• Neutrons: 7• Electrons: 7

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

P. 8 P. 9

(picture)

(picture)

(picture)

(picture)

(picture)

Pg. 36-39 in book

Ductile: able to deform without breakingBrittle: hard, but easy to shatterMalleable: able to be hammered into another permanent shape without breaking

Draw an Atom

1.

2.

3.

Atoms

1. 2. 3. 4.5.6.

7.

8.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Classwork

• Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet– DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.)

• When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1

• Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Draw an Atom

• 1. Hydrogen

• 2. Carbon

• 3. Oxygen

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

• 1. True• 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged• 3. True• 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged• 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons• 6. Helium

• 7. Carbon

• 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together

Atoms

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Elements

• Metals: 1 3 6 7• Nonmetals: 2 4 9• Metalloids: 5 8 10• 11. element• 12. atomic #• 13. protons• 14. below• 15. mass• 16. neutrons• 17. nucleus• 18. location

• 19. nitrogen• 20. N• 21. 7• 22. 14.0• 23. 7• 24. 7

14= 7 + ___Mass #= P# + N#

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Molecules

• 1. molecules• 2. molecules• 3. compounds• 4. molecules• 5. compounds• 6. compounds• 7. molecules• 8. compounds• 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen• 10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen

• 11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy• 12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen• 13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy• 14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy• 15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy• 16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy• 17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy• 18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen