2100 BC to 150 BCGreek Civilization1. Early Greece2. The Classical Age3. Greek Achievements4. Alexander the GreatThe small, rugged peninsula in southern Europe Greece home of early advanced civilizationsFrom the Minoans and the Mycenaeans to Sparta and Athens to the empire of Alexander the Great, the Greeks left a legacy that helped shape Western Civilization

Centered around trade

The Geography of GreeceAncient Greece is located in southern Europe.It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.2100 150 BC

Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)The Minoans were the earliest people in the Region. They were traders but their civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.2100 150 BC

Excavations done at Knossos reveal clues about their life:Private roomsBasic PlumbingArtwork- tied to the seaMinoan Civilization2100 150 BC

Minoan CivilizationMost Minoan images of priests are womenLanguage-Linear A- cant decipher2100 150 BC

The Mycenaean CivilizationThe Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War. They declined around 1200 BC.2100 150 BC

The Trojan WarsFought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece)The Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took place2100 150 BC

Homer: The Heroic AgeThe Odyssey the account of Greek hero Odysseus in the Trojan WarThe Ilaid is the second account

The Mask of AgamemnonKing of Mycenae who was murdered by his wifes mistress2100 150 BC

The Dark Ages1100-750 BCEAfter the Trojan War the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to civil war and/or invasions from the northWriting was lost so little is known about the period

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The Rise of Greek City StatesThe region declined for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans.Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, started to develop.Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis (citadel) on the top level.2100 150 BC

Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place.There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes.The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.The Rest of the City States2100 150 BC

Athens2100 150 BC

Governing the City StateAt first, city states were ruled by one person, usually a king. This is called a monarchy. They were often called tyrants.Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy.New forms of government democracy would soon develop, especially in Athens.

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SpartaSparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society.Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training.Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men were occupied with war.2100 150 BC

Sparta Military MightHelots People enslaved by the Spartans.2100 150 BC

Athens: Yesterday and TodayAthens was a city state that developed into a democracy.A democracy is a place where people vote.Only male citizens could vote.Athens also focused on arts and learning.2100 150 BC

Persian Wars: 499 BCE 480 BCEFought between Greece and Persia Cause of Conflict region called Ionia2100 150 BC

Greeks heavily outnumbered.

The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the King of Sparta. His troops were the ultimate warriors.

PersiansGreeks200,000Infantry7300 (300 Spartans)1200Navy20020,000Cavalry0

Thermopylae

The Battle at ThermopylaeAugust of 480 BCThe Greeks were waiting for the Persians at Thermopylae. (If the Persians wanted to get into mainland Greece they would have to take this pass.)Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the pass to watch the battle. For the first two days the 7300 Greek soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, slaughtering the Persians. (Even Xerxes elite Immortals)

A Traitor Among the GreeksA Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and showed Xerxes a path that would lead the Persian troops behind the Greeks.Leonidas sends the Athenians home knowing they are going to lose.This way the Athenians could defend the city.The Persians slaughtered the remaining Spartans, all were killed.

The last stand..

LeonidasStatue of Leonidas in Sparta today.

Greek Victory in the Persian WarsSalamis (480 BCE)Athenian naval Victory

Persian Warshttp://www.rom.gr/ROM7/images/afisa01.jpg

Golden Age of Pericles: 460 BCE 429 BCEThe most influential politician in Athens for many years following the Persian WarsResponsible for building the Parthenon & beautifying Athens2100 150 BC

Peloponnesian WarsAthens Delian LeagueSparta-Pelponnesian LeagueTension between the two leagues; Sparta and Athens fight until SpartaDefeats AthensSignificance of the WarsWeakened the Greeks which made them vulnerable to invasion andConquest.

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Macedonia Under Philip IITook over Greece along with his son, Alexander the Great2100 150 BC

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Alexander the GreatTook over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated2100 150 BC

Alexander the Greats Empire2100 150 BC

Alexander the Great in PersiaWithin a year, Alexander conquered Persia2100 150 BC

Phalanx tactic2100 150 BC

The Hellenization of AsiaGreek-Like Culture mixed with others throughout AsiaAlthough Alexander the Great did conquer the Greeks, he actually helped to spread Greek civilization all over Asia2100 150 BC

The Economy of the Hellenistic World2100 150 BC

The Breakup of Alexanders EmpireAlexander died in Babylon in 323 BC at age 332100 150 BC