2.2. catarina brown matos

The Relationship between urban mobility and land use. Challenges related with cycling

Authors:Catarina Brown de MatosJoaquim Gonçalves MacedoFrederico Amado Moura e Sá

Aveiro, 17 of November 2016

Catarina Brown de Matos Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 2/18


Compromisso pela Bicicleta• Launched on the 26th of April 2016 in Murtosa• Created by the “Plataforma Tecnológica da Bicicleta e

mobilidade suave” by the University of Aveiro• Involves the national bicycle manufacturing industry,

universities, municipalities, public-private sector, and cyclists’

• IMPACT (important practices, actions and tips), initiative

Pedais (2016)



Human Health and the natural EnvironmentAir pollution Water quality

Global climate Emotional healthGrowing traffic in cities Environment and quality

Energy consumption

Land UseBuilt EnvironmentLand use patterns

Transportation infrastructureBuilding siting and design

Urban mobilityTravel demand

Car trip and lengthWaking, cycling and transit use

• Evolution of Land use occupation



City limitsWell defined

Urban territory with uncertain limits and

dynamics

Appearanceof the automobiles

Era ofmotorization

Change of borders City / country

Urban strategies concerning car circulation

Expansion ofCities

Locations with less or more accessibility

• Land Use functions (anthropological perspective):

• Environmental (ecological balance)

• Productive (primary economic activity)

• Support (infrastructures, buildings,)

Conflict / Confrontation of functions



• Land use factor affecting cycling:• Density• Regional Accessibility• Centeredness• Land Use Mix• Connectivity• Roadway Design

• Walking and Cycling Conditions

• Transit Accessibility• Parking Management• Transportation Demand

Management

•Urban Mobility: • Key factors:

• Travel Distance: how far?

• Travel time: how long?

• Journey frequency: how often?

• Mode: how to get there?

• Cost: how expensive?

Sustainable Mobility

?



• Bicycle mobility• Clear cycling benefits: • Benefits of cycling cities

Growth and Jobs Health

Tourism Spatial planning

Environment and Climate

Efficient Transport

CYCLE OF BIKEABLE

CITIES

Mixed-use, dense

development pattern

Decrease vehicle use People-

oriented transport planning

Increased travel options

Alternative modes

promotedLiveable cities, smart growth

NMT and people

oriented land-use planning

Limited parking supply



UNEP (2010)

• Bicycle mobility



Factors influencing Bicycle Commuting

Built-Environment

Urban Form

Infrastructure

Facilities at Work

Natural Environment

Hilliness and Landscape

Seasons and Climate

Weather

Socio-economic

factors

Socio-economic

household characteristics

Psychological factors

Attitude and social norms

Perceived behaviour

Habits

Reasons for (not) cycling

Cost, travel time, effort and safety

Travel time and effort

Transportation costs

Safety

POLICYObjectives for good city life

Devising a Master planDirecting allowances

INSTITUTIONFunctionality of the organization

Extensive cooperationGood management

FOLLOW-UP

"HARD"MEASURES

"SOFT"MEASURES

Cycling Measures

• “Hard” Measures

• “Soft” Measures

Aveiro, 17 of November 2016 9/18


Land use/ Urban Sprawl Urban Mobility

High Impact Bicycle Measures

High Impact Bicycle Measures Low Budget

How to Promote Cycling?



€€€ €

• IMPACT Analyses Effectiveness



Strategy Mode Shift Safety Cost

“Hard” Measures

Provision of improved cycling measures High Medium High

Incentives to use more sustainable modes Medium Medium Medium

Land use measures Medium Medium High

“Soft”

Measures

Promotional cycling campaigns Low Low Low

Educational Cycling Programs Low Low Low

Combined “Hard” and “Soft” Strategies High High Medium



• Land use factors affecting cycling:

1. Destinations Make it direct

2. Distance Connect the streets and blocks

Translink (2010)

Translink (2010)




3. Design Make it safe and friendly

4. Density Fill it in

Translink (2010)

Translink (2010)




6. Demand Management Discourage unnecessary car use

5. Diversity Mix Land use

Translink (2010)

Translink (2010)

• Recommendations: Plan according to modal share

Modal share Goal

< 10%:Make cycling possible, safe, comfortable

10-20%Convincing more people to use the

bicycle

> 20% Keep people cycling



Bypad (2008)

• Recommendations


• Land use measures are necessary, costly and long term benefits

• Infrastructure measures are high cost and impact efficient • Soft measures, low impact measures and should only be

implemented combined with other measures• Demand Management, incentives & disincentives that

increase the cost of driving relative to cycling


• Final Remark • Integrated land-use and cycling policies


• Land use measures• Infrastructure provision• Infrastructure management• Operations• Information provision• Attitudinal measures• Pricing


THANK YOU!

