2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

• 1. Monomer:– Small molecule

• 2. Polymer or macromolecule– Macro=Large– Large molecule– Made of many monomer

• 3. 4 types of macromolecules:• A. carbohydrates• B. lipids• C. proteins• D. nucleic acids

• 4. Carbohydrates– A. made of:• C, H, O

– B. produce energy; parts of plants– C. Poly=many– D. saccharide=sugar

• 5. Lipids:– A. made of: • C, H, O

– B. fats, oils, cholesterol– C. energy storage, parts of cell– D. fatty acids: long chains of C attached to H atoms

– E. Phospholipid: makes up cell membrane• 1. Head-polar, attracted to water• 2. Tails –nonpolar, not attracted to water

– F. Cholesterol:• 1. body needs some• 2. important part steroid hormones to help respond to

stress, sexual development, reproductive system

• 6. Proteins:– A. function: movement, eyesight, digestion– B. made of amino acids– C. amino acids contain: C, H, O, N• 1. 20 different types• 2. your body can make 12 amino acids• 3. 8 amino acids must come from foods you eat,

– Meat, beans, nuts

– D. Function depends on specific order of amino acids

• 7. Nucleic Acids:• A. 2 types

– 1. DNA– 2. RNA

• B. are a polymer made up of nucleotides• C. nucleotides are made up of:

– Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

• D. function: to build proteins