2.3 Colonial 2.3 Colonial SocietySociety

Mrs. ShadoinMrs. Shadoin

Civics and Civics and EconomicsEconomics

New England EconomyNew England Economy

Most people in New Most people in New England lived in England lived in townstowns, farms were , farms were small and located on small and located on the towns’ outskirtsthe towns’ outskirts

Long Long winterswinters and and rocky soil made rocky soil made large-scale farming large-scale farming difficult, many New difficult, many New Englanders owned Englanders owned small businesses small businesses such as milling grain such as milling grain or sewing clothesor sewing clothes

New England EconomyNew England Economy

ShipbuildingShipbuilding was an important was an important industry, the region’s forests industry, the region’s forests provided wood for boats; fishing and provided wood for boats; fishing and whalingwhaling employed many people employed many people

New England EconomyNew England Economy

The Puritan religion emphasized The Puritan religion emphasized hard work, modest living and hard work, modest living and personal virtues such as honesty personal virtues such as honesty and obedience; this became and obedience; this became known as the known as the Puritan ethicPuritan ethic

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies EconomyEconomy

The soil and climate in the Middle The soil and climate in the Middle Colonies were more suited to Colonies were more suited to agriculture; farmers grew agriculture; farmers grew wheatwheat and and other cash crops which they sold other cash crops which they sold overseasoverseas

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies EconomyEconomy

This foreign trade This foreign trade spurred the growth of spurred the growth of busy ports, such as busy ports, such as New YorkNew York and and PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

Industries such as Industries such as sawmills, sawmills, minesmines, and , and ironworks were ironworks were developed to take developed to take advantage of the advantage of the region’s natural region’s natural resources resources

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

In Maryland, Virginia, and North In Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, Carolina, tobaccotobacco was the leading was the leading crop, crop, ricerice dominated in South dominated in South Carolina and GeorgiaCarolina and Georgia

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

Both crops were grown in the Both crops were grown in the TidewaterTidewater, areas of flat, low plains , areas of flat, low plains near the seacoast of Virginia and near the seacoast of Virginia and North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

The region’s The region’s riversrivers made it made it easy to easy to transport the transport the harvested crops harvested crops to the coast for to the coast for shipment to shipment to overseas overseas marketsmarkets

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

CharlestonCharleston, South Carolina became , South Carolina became a leader in trade thanks to its harbora leader in trade thanks to its harbor

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

Tidewater crops Tidewater crops needed large needed large amounts of labor, amounts of labor, plantation owners plantation owners depended on depended on enslaved Africanenslaved African workers; small workers; small farmers grew farmers grew tobacco, corn, and tobacco, corn, and other crops and were other crops and were less dependent on less dependent on enslaved workersenslaved workers

Southern Colonies Southern Colonies EconomyEconomy

Because Because agriculture was agriculture was dominant in the dominant in the South, the region South, the region did not develop did not develop much much industryindustry or or commerce, it commerce, it traded for traded for manufactured manufactured goods it needed goods it needed

ReligionReligion

In several colonies, In several colonies, such as such as Massachusetts, Massachusetts, religious leaders religious leaders were often also the were often also the leaders of leaders of governmentgovernment

PuritansPuritans passed laws passed laws that supported their that supported their beliefs about religion beliefs about religion and society and had and society and had the power to expel the power to expel those who did not those who did not share their beliefsshare their beliefs

ReligionReligion

Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania and Rhode IslandRhode Island practiced religious toleration practiced religious toleration

ReligionReligion In the 1720s, a powerful In the 1720s, a powerful

religious revival known religious revival known as the as the Great AwakeningGreat Awakening swept through the swept through the colonies; preachers colonies; preachers stressed the importance stressed the importance of a personal religious of a personal religious experience and experience and questioned the questioned the authority of some authority of some established religious established religious leaders leaders

EducationEducation Religion led to the founding of America’s Religion led to the founding of America’s

first colleges and schools; colleges such as first colleges and schools; colleges such as HarvardHarvard in Massachusetts and Princeton in Massachusetts and Princeton in New Jersey were founded for the in New Jersey were founded for the purpose of training ministerspurpose of training ministers

Massachusetts Hall at Harvard University

(1718-1720)

EducationEducation

In some colonies In some colonies taxestaxes were were levied to pay for levied to pay for public educationpublic education

Slave CodesSlave Codes made it illegal to made it illegal to teach enslaved teach enslaved workers to read workers to read or write or write

1740 South Carolina Slave Code

Family LifeFamily Life Men were the head Men were the head

of the household, of the household, women looked women looked after the children after the children and worked on and worked on chores; on chores; on farmsfarms they worked they worked together, assisted together, assisted by older childrenby older children

Family LifeFamily Life In In townstowns women women

sometimes held jobs sometimes held jobs outside the home; outside the home; they worked as they worked as maids, cooks, nurses, maids, cooks, nurses, teachersteachers, , shopkeepers, or shopkeepers, or seamstressesseamstresses

Families arranged for Families arranged for sons to work as sons to work as apprenticesapprentices, or , or learning assistants to learning assistants to workers who taught workers who taught them a trade them a trade

Family LifeFamily Life

Married women had few rights, Married women had few rights, widows and unmarried women could widows and unmarried women could run businesses and own property but run businesses and own property but women could not women could not votevote

Ideas About GovernmentIdeas About Government The Enlightenment The Enlightenment

and the Great and the Great Awakening helped to Awakening helped to create a spirit of create a spirit of egalitarianismegalitarianism, or , or equality; colonists equality; colonists believed they believed they possessed all the possessed all the traditional rights of traditional rights of native English peoplenative English people

Ideas About GovernmentIdeas About Government

By 1733, all thirteen English colonies had By 1733, all thirteen English colonies had been established, each with its own been established, each with its own constitutionconstitution and protections for individual and protections for individual rightsrights

Ideas About GovernmentIdeas About Government By the mid-1700s many Americans felt By the mid-1700s many Americans felt

they did not possess the rights of English they did not possess the rights of English citizens, they believed British policies did citizens, they believed British policies did not follow Enlightenment idealsnot follow Enlightenment ideals

They accepted John Locke’s idea that They accepted John Locke’s idea that government derives its power from government derives its power from consent of the consent of the peoplepeople

Americans looked for answers to the Americans looked for answers to the problem of a distant and unresponsive problem of a distant and unresponsive British government, many looked to British government, many looked to independenceindependence