2.3 village chicken and egg value chains 2015 08 18
TRANSCRIPT
Village chicken and egg value chains and their links to nutrition and gender
Julia de Bruyn & Johanna Wong PhD candidates Faculty of Veterinary Science & Charles Perkins Centre
Acknowledgements
The importance of women’s nutrition
• Links between maternal stunting and offspring outcomes
• Importance of preconception nutrition • Increased requirements associated
with pregnancy and lactation • Phenomenon of “eating down” during
pregnancy • Capacity to meet recommendations
for breastfeeding of infants • Micronutrient requirements of mother
and children
Wong, 2015
Intergenerational effects of undernutrition
ACC/SCN, 2000
Tanzanian Food and Nutrition Centre, 2014
Challenges for women in resource-poor settings
Environment where breastfeeding women live
Nutritional information for breastfeeding women
Alders, 2014
Alders, 2014
de Bruyn, 2014
Strategy Advantages Disadvantages
Supplementation Provision of large doses of
micronutrients (pills, capsules or syrups)
Rapidly targets affected or at risk populations; Suitable when periodic
dosage is sufficient
Significant expense; Requirements for effective
supply, distribution and compliance
Food fortification Addition of micronutrients
to processed foods
Potentially cost-effective; Relatively rapid, wide and
sustained impact; Doesn’t require radical
dietary changes
Must be consumed in adequate amounts, be
readily-absorbed and not affect sensory properties
Dietary diversification Improvements to
availability, access and consumption of nutrient-
rich foods
Most sustainable option; Increased intake of
multiple food constituents simultaneously
Complexity and long time frame for implementation;
Requires behaviour change and education
Nutrient delivery: intervention strategies
Introducing family poultry
Extensive Scavenging
Semi-intensive Small-scale Intensive
Number of birds Less than 50 50 – 200 More than 200
Genotype Local or crossbred Local, crossbred or
commercial Commercial
breeds
Feed source Scavenging +/- supplementation
Some scavenging + supplementation
Commercial balanced ration
Housing May or may not
be provided Variable quality Good-quality
Labour requirements Minimal Moderate Moderate
Village poultry
Owned by majority of households in low-income food-deficit countries
• Suit local taste preferences • Premium price in markets • Lack of inputs to support intensive
production systems • Not in competition with commercial
poultry, raised intensively
• \
• Source of petty cash • Bioavailable protein & micronutrients • Control of pests (plant and animal) • Manure for vegetable gardens • Social credit: ceremonies and rituals • Assets for women and children
• \
• Low-input (labour and capital) • Scavenge for feed • Smart and agile • Broody behaviour • Very high benefit-cost ratio
1. Accessible form of livestock
10-20% 30-40% 70-80%
2. Work within local systems
3. Efficient production system 4. Multiple roles and benefits
Why involve village poultry?
Owned by majority of households in low-income food-deficit countries
• Suit local taste preferences • Premium price in markets • Lack of inputs to support intensive
production systems • Not in competition with commercial
poultry, raised intensively
• \
• Source of petty cash • Bioavailable protein & micronutrients • Control of pests (plant and animal) • Manure for vegetable gardens • Social credit: ceremonies and rituals • Assets for women and children
• \
• Low-input (labour and capital) • Scavenge for feed • Smart and agile • Broody behaviour • Very high benefit-cost ratio
1. Accessible form of livestock
10-20% 30-40% 70-80%
2. Work within local systems
3. Efficient production system 4. Multiple roles and benefits
Why involve village poultry?
Household environment
SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM
Feed Labour People
Eggs and Birds
Village poultry value chains
Village environment
Feed
Local market
Feed Other inputs
Local market
Regional or national capital
markets
Household environment
SCAVENGING SYSTEM
Feed Labour People
Eggs and Birds
Wong, 2015
Household Village Regional market
Breakage during transport
Limited storage options
Village poultry value chains: EGGS
Young, 2012 Alders, 2012
Household Village Regional market
National market
Mortality during transport
12 2400 chickens travel on trucks from Singida town to
Dar es Salaam 3 times a week (Alders, 2012) A network of traders bring chickens from villages to
markets in Singida town (Bagnol, 2011)
Village poultry value chains: LIVE CHICKENS
Disease
Addressing key constraints to production
Newcastle disease (ND) • Nominated as priority by village
poultry-keepers • Disincentive to invest time and resources • Thermotolerant ND vaccine • “Community vaccinator” model • Participatory training program • Cost recovery system
Other considerations in a post-ND control environment
• Increased incidence of other diseases • Increased pressure on finite feed resources • Access to markets for sale of poultry and eggs
Wong, 2014
14
Pre-Newcastle disease control
SALE OR CONSUMPTION
de Bruyn, 2015
Potential for nutritional outcomes
Post-Newcastle disease control Gender
sensitivity
