Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics

Earthquakes and Volcanoe

s

Earth’s Interior

and Plate

Tectonics

Minerals and Rocks

What is

Earth’s Interior like

Evidence for Plate

Tectonics

What are Earthqua

kes

Structure and

Origin of

Rocks

How old are RocksVolcano

es

Weathering and Erosion

Erosion

Chemical

Weathering

Physical

Weathering

Transform Fault Boundar

iesConverg

ent Plate

BoundariesDiverge

nt Plate Boundar

ies

Plate Tectonic

s

The Rock Cycle

Cementation

Weathering

Cementation

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Igneous

Weathering

Weathering

Magma & Lava

Sediment SedimentHeat and/or pressure

Heat and/or pressure

CoolingMelting

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ROCKS –

All rocks are made of 2 or more minerals, but minerals are not made of rocks.

There are many common names for rocks and the usually give you an idea of how big the rock is.

Rocks and Minerals

Rock Words:1. mountain - huge, giant hunk of rock that

is still attached to the earth's crust, doesn't move, tall

2. boulder - large, taller than a person 3. rock - large, you could get your arms

around it or a bit smaller but it is usually jagged, broken off a bigger piece of rock

4. river rock - round rocks that are along the edge & at the bottom of fast-flowing rivers

Rocks and Minerals

5. stone - medium, you could hold it in two hands

6. pebble - small, you can hold it with two fingers, could get stuck in your shoe, usually rounded

7. sand - made up of tiny pieces of rock, grains of sand

8. grain - tiny, like a grain of rice or smaller, often found on a beach

9. dust - really fine powder that is mixed in with sand or soil

10.speck - as in a speck of dirt

Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and Minerals

Rocks

Quartz

Rocks are composed of MineralsMinerals are non-living substances with definite internal structure

Coal Granite

Pyroxine

Feldspar

Mica

Olivine

dolomite

amphibole

Clay

Calcite

Igneous Rock

Igneous Rocks are molten rocks that cooled and solidified.

Nearly all igneous rocks are made of crystals of various minerals.

Igneous Rock

The faster the rock cools the less the crystals grow.

Igneous Rock

Obsidian rocks are smooth stones used by early American Indians to make tools.

Their composition is much like that of granite.

Igneous Rock

Obsidian becomes smoother as they cool much more quickly.

Because they cool more quickly, they have less or no crystals.

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Extrusive igneous rock cools on Earth’s surface.

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Intrusive igneous rock forms from magma that cools while trapped beneath Earth’s surface.

They are insulated and cools off slowly

2 kinds of Igneous Rock

Because of long cooling period, the crystals form.

Crystals on intrusive igneous are larger than those on extrusive igneous.

Weathering

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down as follows: Pieces of boulders fall down hillsides

due to gravity, wind or rain. Rivers carry rocks down into deltas,

lakes or the sea. Waves beating against cliffs.

Weathering

Gravity, waves, rivers, wind, etc. break the pieces into pebbles, sand and even smaller pieces.

As pieces of rock accumulate, they can form another type of rock: Sedimentary rock.

Page 578: Read “Remains of Older rocks and organisms form sedimentary rocks.

Explain the two ways loose sediment become a rock.