2.4 cancer
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Cell processes and energy
Miss Luzma Fabre
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Section 4: Cancer
Cancer is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them
There are more than 100 types of cancer
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How cancer begins
Scientists think cancer begins with a mutation, a damage that causes a change in the DNA
Cells begin to divide in an uncontrolled way
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First, 1 cell develops in an abnormal way. As this cell divides, it produces more abnormal cells. These cells form a tumor
A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably
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How cancer spreads
Some cancerous cells may enter the bloodstream and spread to other areas of the body
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Treating and preventing cancer
3 common ways to treat cancer: surgery, radiation, and drugs that destroy the cancer cells
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Surgery
When cancer is detected on a specific organ, surgery is the first option
Doctors remove the tumor
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Radiation
If the cancer has spread to other organs or the tumor cannot be removed with surgery, doctors use radiation (uses high energy waves) to destroy fast –growing cancer cells
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to treat a disease. These drugs kill cancer cells or slow their growth
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Preventing cancer
Avoid smoking Follow a healthy diet: eat many fruits
and vegetables, avoid foods high in fat such as fatty meats and fried foods
Protect your skin from sunlight