Access NetworkAccess NetworkEvolution to 4GEvolution to 4G

February 01, 2008February 01, 2008

Jong Ho, ParkJong Ho, ParkKTF R&D GroupKTF R&D Group

HSN 2008

2Contents

I. Wireless Market Trend- Global / Domestic

I. Wireless Market Trend- Global / Domestic

II. Wireless Evolution- Technology / Standard / Environment

II. Wireless Evolution- Technology / Standard / Environment

Appendix & Reference Appendix & Reference

III. Operators Movement- NGMN / NGMC / KTF

III. Operators Movement- NGMN / NGMC / KTF

IV. Evolution Technologies- LTE / Cognitive Radio

IV. Evolution Technologies- LTE / Cognitive Radio

3Global Wireless Market Trend & Forecast

z Cellular customers worldwide: 3.12 billionz GSM/UMTS customers: 2.68 billion (86.1%)

GSM/GPRS/EDGE: 2.5 billion (93%) WCDMA/HSPA: 190 million (7%)

z Global subscriber will grow by 19% in 2007

GSM/UMTS Subscribers (07/09)

z WCDMA: 85countries 203operators in servicez HSDPA: 74countries 170operators in servicez HSUPA: 26 operators in service

UMTS Network Deployment (08/01)

Expected Subscribers in 2012

z GSM/UMTS expected customers About 4 billion expected (2012) WCDMA/HSPA/LTE: 1.3 billion expected (2012)

z CDMA2000 expected customers The rate of growth is expected to be slow

z BWA expected customers 20 ~ 400 million expected for 2012

Global Wireless Growth Forecast (07~12)

World Cellular Subscribers by Technology (07/09)

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media, World Cellular Information Service, Sep 2007

3G tba: future technologies yet to be announced (TD-SCDMA, TD-CDMA etc)

BWA: Broadband Wireless Access

4Domestic Wireless Market Trend

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z 3G customers: 5.7 million KTF: 3.2 million (56%) SKT: 2.5 million (44%)

3G Subscribers (07/12)

z 2G+3G customers SKT: 21.7 million (50.5%) KTF: 13.6 million (31.6%) LGT: 7.7 million (17.9%)

Overall Subscribers (07/12)

WiBro Subscribers (07/12)

z WiBro customers About 0.1 million

Domestic 3G Subscribers (07/12)

Overall Cellular Subscribers (07/12)

Subscriber Migration From 2G to 3G rapidly

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KTFSKT

5Wireless Technical Evolution

High Speed Internet Streaming Video Mobile TV Video/Music Download

Video Conferencing MBMS VoIP Interactive Gaming

Real Time InteractiveGaming

HDTV...

Service Evolution

6Wireless Standard Evolution: IMT-Advanced

History

z 2002: Delivered the vision for 4G (M.1645)

z 2005: Named the 4G IMT-Advancedz 2006: Set out the principles for

development of 4Gz Oct, 2007: WRC-07 IMT-Adv. Spectrum Allocation

- Global: 450~470 MHz, 2.3~2.4 GHz- Regional: 698/790 ~ 806/862 MHz- Country Basis: 3.4 ~ 3.6 GHz

TV Spectrum opening for wireless device

ITU: International Telecom UnionWRC: World Radiocommunication

Conference

IMT-Advanced (ITU-R) IMT-Advanced (ITU-R)

z Early, 2008: Circular letter A set of requirements, evaluation method

z During 2008~2009 Proposal submission Candidate technologies: LTE, Mobile WiMAX,

UMB z During 2008~2010 Proposal Evaluation & Consensus building

z During 2010: IMT-Advance standard publish

Plans

4G Spectrum Allocation 4G Spectrum Allocation

7Wireless Standard Evolution Plans

UMTS/LTE

IMT-Advance

Mobile WiMAX

LTE Stable Stage3(2008 & Beyond)

Evaluation & Consensus Building

2003 2004 2005 20072002 2010

4G Vision(M.1645)- 1G: Nomadic - 100M: Mobile

WRC-07 Freq. Allocation (Oct 07)-450~470MHz -698/790~806MHz-2.3~2.4GHz -3.4~3.6GHz

IMT-Adv. Workshop

LTE Specification: Stage3

Rel 8Rel 7

IEEE 802.16m

LTE Specification: Stage2(TS 36.300)

2006 20092008

#182006 2007 2008 2009

#19 #20 #21 #22 #23 #24 #25 #26 #27 #28

Circular Letter

IMT.TECH (Requirement related to technical system performance)

IMT.EVAL (Evaluation Methodoloy)

Proposal SubmissionOct 08 Jun 09

Jun 08

Preliminary Evaluation Preliminary Evaluation

2010#29 #30

Jan 08

Consensus Building & Revision of Proposals

IMT.RADIO

IMT.SERV (Service Recommendation)

#31 #32RAN #33 #34 #35 #36 #37 #38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #45 #46 #47 #48 #49 #50

Jun 10

Feb 10

R7 Complete (with Exception)

Feasibility Study(TR 25.912)

Sep 06

Completion of LTE Study Item- RAN1: TR25.814- RAN2: TR25.813

Start of LTE Work Item Start

RAN1: TS36.2xx RAN2: TS36.3xx RAN4: TS36.1xx

4Q 07(80% completion)

Sep 07

UMTS

LTE

MobileWiMAX

System Requirement

Evaluation Methodology

4G NamingIMT-Advanced

2011

System Description

Inital Final Proposal

Mar 09Oct 08May 08Refinements

Working Doc Letter Ballot

May 09Sep 08May 08Sponsor Ballot

Jul 07

Sep 07 Jul 08

IMT-Advanced Proposal

IEEE 802.16m Amendment

#31

Sep 06

IEEE802.16m PAR Approved

8Acceleration of Change

WRC-07

z TV Spectrum opening for wireless device 470 ~ 806/862MHz: currently used for

global TV broadcasting Using the vacant frequency by the transition

from analog to digital TV broadcasts for wireless communication

ITU: International Telecom UnionWRC: World Radiocommunication ConferenceFCC: Federal Communications Commission

z Increasing competition Many technical routes to future Open network access issue (MVNO) Global competition

z Falling voice call chargez Higher customer expectationz VoIP & Mobile VoIPz Convergence of broadcasting and

communication /IPTV Commercialize

Spectrum Opening IssueSpectrum Opening Issue

FCC

z Auction a huge swath of spectrum in the 700MHz frequencies to promote broadband deployment (2008, 1Q) Google, AT&T, Qualcomm

Ofcom

WiBro: New 3G StandardWiBro: New 3G Standard

z WiBro: Adopted as the 6th standard of 3G (Oct 07) to be as competitive as the preexisting

system by enabling the usage of IMT-2000 frequency bands capable of global roaming

ITU(RA)

z TV Spectrum opening (UHF Frequency, Dec 07) For Mobile broadband, mobile TV, HDTV Cognitive radio technology possible

z 3.5GHz Opening for wireless communication Motivation to mobile WiMAX

Operators ChallengeOperators Challenge

9Global Operators AllianceNGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network) AllianceNGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network) Alliance

z Establishment: June, 2006z Vision To provide a platform for innovation by moving

towards one integrated network for the seamless introduction of mobile broadband services

z Activities Technical WG, Spectrum, Trials, Terminals, IPR etc..

z Mission To provide a set of recommendations to enhance the

ability of mobile operators in offering cost-effective wireless broadband services for the benefit of their customers

z Members: worldwide 14 operators (initial 7 founding operators)

Sponsors: 22 manufacturers, Advisor: 2 universities

NGMN RoleNGMN RoleActivity Plans Activity Plans

10

Global Operators Alliance: NGMNFlat NGMN System ArchitectureFlat NGMN System Architecture

Criteria Requirement

Mobility (Seamless)

Minimum 120 km/h (with service continuity)

Latency 20~30 ms

Spectrum efficiency x3~x5 w.r.t. HSPA & EVDO

E2E ThroughputPeak > 100Mbps (20MHz BW, 2Ant)Average > 40Mbps (outdoor NLOS)

Integrated Network

Supporting different next-generation access technologies (LTE, M-WiMAX, UMB)

Simplicity Minimizes complexity of architecture and protocols (e.g. flat architecture)

Coexistence(Inter-working)

Level of coexistence with legacy networks (GSM, UMTS, EVDO, WLAN)

NGMN RequirementsNGMN Requirements

4 hierarchical node layer reduced to 2 node layer

Legend 6:No compromise 5:strong requirement, 4:compromise possible

11

Domestic Organization: NGMCNGMC (Next Generation Mobile Communication) ForumNGMC (Next Generation Mobile Communication) Forum

z Establishment: Sep, 2003z Organization General Assembly, Advisory Committee Steering Committee 2 Sub-committee (Market&Service, System&Tech) 1 Ad-hoc group

z Cross forum meeting among WWRF(Europe), mITF(Japan), FuTURE(China)

z Objective: To promote various activities of realizing next generation mobile communications such as Establishment of B3G vision Analysis of technical and social trends Steering the advanced R&D strategies International cooperation, etc

OrganizationOrganization Activity Plans Activity Plans

12

KTFs 3G Service & Future Plans

z 3G network stabilization Nation-wide service from Mar. 2007 R5(HSDPA) / R6(HSUPA) commercial service Multi Carrier (FA) Support (Early 2008)

z New coverage/capacity solution development New in-building solution

such as Femto Cell, CCTV, UTP solution, etc

Current State: Focus on 3G Current State: Focus on 3G Future Plans & TopicsFuture Plans & Topics

z Preparation for evolved network Focus on 3GPP evolved network Another candidate IMT-Advanced technologies Several reports have consistently state that WiMAX and

Cellular technology will co-exist together instead of competing against each other

z Topics Impacts on the current network Coexistence with Legacy N/W and Multi-RAT Multi vendor RAN SON: Self Optimizing Network

InbuildingSolutionExample

UTP Solution Examples

13

LTE (Long Term Evolution) Concept

z 3GPP Project name for the Evolution of UMTSz LTE (Long Term Evolution) for new radio

accessz SAE (System Architecture Evolution) for

evolved core network

What is LTE? What is LTE? LTE TargetLTE Target

3G Evolution Standard 3G Evolution Standard

z Significantly higher data rate & throughput

z Lower network latencyz Support of always-on connectivity

User/App.perspective

z Provide significantly improved power and bandwidth efficiencies

z Facilitate the convergence with earlier release & other networks/technologies

z Cost effective migration from current 3G system

z Acceptable system and terminal complexity, cost & power consumption

Operatorperspective

Conformance Test

LTE Stable Stage3LTE Specification: Stage3

MIMO(2x2), 64QAM HSDPA, 16QAM HSUPAMBMS Enhancement

LTE Specification: Stage2(TS 36.300)

Feasibility Study(TR 25.912)

2 Node Architecture RRC/ARQ

1Q 08

Rel 7

Rel 8(HSPA+)

Rel 8(LTE/SAE)

2006 2007 2008

Cell Search, Channel Coding, HARQ MIMO, Scheduling, Mobility

DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA

Home Node-BFeasibility Study

MIMO + 64QAMUplink Enhancement

HSPA Archtecture 1Q 08

4Q 07(80% completion)

14

Architecture EvolutionLTE: Flat ArchitectureLTE: Flat Architecture

z Legacy Network Architecture (Rel5, 6) 4 network elements: Node-B, RNC, SGSN, GGSN Traditional HSPA architecture

z Rel 7 with direct tunnel User plane: bypass SGSN

z Rel 7 with RNC functionality in Node-B Improved the IP-based service: Reduce latency Backward compatible

z Rel 8: Flat architecture 2 network elements: eUTRAN, eGW(MME, SAEGW)

Uu IuPS Gn GiIub

Node BRNC

GGSN PDN ServerUE SGSN

User planeDL delay

estimation

Ping

15

LTE Architecture

UE

z 2 Node architecture No more RNC RNC layers/functionalities moves in eNB

z Packet only network There is no support of CS (Voice VoIP)

z Seamless mobility Intra-LTE & Inter LTE

z X2 interface for intra-eNB mobility Data/context forwarding

Key elements of network architecture Key elements of network architecture

z SAE Anchor: Mobility control between different access systems

z MME/UPE: Logical entity for RAN and CN function MME: Mobility Management Entity UPE: User Plane Entity

z HSS: Home Subscriber Stationz PCRF: Policy and Charging Rule

control Function

z RRMz Header compression & encryption of

data streamsz UL/DL resource allocationz BCCH info over the air, Pagingz MME selection during callz Mobility control in LTE_Active state

eNB FunctioneNB Function

16

LTE: Radio Protocol Architecture

z MAC Mapping between logical channels and transport

channel, transport format selection, schedulingz RLC Error correction through ARQ Segmentation/Concatenation

z PDCP Header compression/decompression In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDU Ciphering

User Plane User Plane

z NAS NAS bearer management, authentication

z RRC Broadcast, paging, RRC connection management, RB

control, Mobility functionz RLC/MAC The same function as for user plane

z PDCP Ciphering, integrity

Control PlaneControl Plane

17

LTE PHY Features (including HSPA+)HSPA+ (5MHz BW)HSPA+ (5MHz BW) LTE LTE

z WCDMA Based MIMOz 2x2 D-TxAA MIMO DL Only, Max 28.8Mbps

MIMO

HigherOderMod

z Downlink: 64QAM (21.6Mbps)z Uplink: 16QAM

z Downlink: OFDMA Improved spectral efficiency & simple UE processing Frequency domain scheduling

Interference coordination/avoidancez Uplink: SC-FDMA (DFT-Spread OFDM) Low PAPR, Good coverage Low cost terminal with long battery life

Symbol example)

AirInter-face

Adv.Antenna

z Diversityz MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Max 4x4 configuration SU-MIMO / MU-MIMO

z Beamforming

LTE (Flexible BW) LTE (Flexible BW)

z Scalable Bandwidthz Short air interface latency: 0.5/1ms TTI

< 5MHz< 5MHz 5MHz5MHz 20MHz20MHz

... ... ... ...

DL UL

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LTE Frame StructureFrame Structure Frame Structure OFDM Transmission OFDM Transmission

Time Domain

Time & Frequency Domain

Uplink: SC-FDMA

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LTE Main Features Summary

RequirementIMT-Advance (or NGMN)

RequirementLTE (or HSPA+)

Channel Bandwidth(Frequency)

U-Planez < 10 ms

cf) NGMN: x2 w.r.t 802.16e (User & Sector throughput)

z UL > x2 w.r.t 802.16e (User Th)z UL > x1.5 w.r.t 802.16e

(Sector Throughput)

z Same as IMT-Adv.

z OFDMA using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

z OFDMA using QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

C-Plane

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

Uplink

Coexistence & Interworking with legacy networks (GSM, UMTS. EVDO, WLAN)

20

3GPP Evolution: Impacts on System

z New developing module Channel Card SW (HW change if

necessary) Link Interface Module Back-plane if necessary

z Additional Equipment AMP, FEU(Front End Unit)

HSPA+ impacts on Node-B HSPA+ impacts on Node-B

MIMO

HigherOderMod

Etc

z New developing Module Channel Card SW (HW change if

necessary) 64QAM EVM Requirement: Not defined

Transceiver, FEU if necessary

z Interference cancellation Channel Card SW (HW change if

necessary)

z 4 way receiver X2 transceiver & FEU per sector Back-plane if necessary

LTE impacts on SystemLTE impacts on System

HSPA+ impacts on Other Systems HSPA+ impacts on Other Systems

z SW Upgrade RRM Maximum throughput for user O&M SW Upgrade

RNC

z Optic repeater: Interface for MIMO z 64QAM EVM requirementRepeater

Require many changes on current systems

21

Cognitive Radio: Concept

FCC

z History: The idea of cognitive radio was first presented officially in an article by J. Mitola in DARPA (1998)

z Concept: a paradigm for wireless communication in which a wireless node changes its tx or rx parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users. This alteration of parameters is based on the active monitoring of radio frequency spectrum, user behaviour and network state

TrendTrend

IEEE

Korea

z 2003.12: CR Technology adoption plan for improving the frequency usage

z 2004.5: allowing unlicensed devices to use the vacant TV broadcasting channels (white space)

z 2007.7: Testing White space wireless unlicensed device based on CR (fail to avoid interference with existing signals)

z 2008 Q1: auction a huge swath of spectrum in the 700MHz (698~806MHz) frequencies

z 2004.9: PAR approved z 2004.11: IEEE802.22 WRAN WG held its

first meeting: Start PHY/MAC standardz 2005.9: FRD completedz 2005.11: Proposal submissionz 2006.5: Draft standard v.0.1 z 2007.12: Draft standard v.0.4 (on going)z Future Plan: standard fixed in 2008,

commercialized product in 2009

z ETRI, Samsung Major group in IEEE802.22

ConceptConcept

PAR: Project Authorization RequestFRD: Functional Requirement Document

22

Cognitive Radio: IEEE802.22 WRAN

DTV NTSC Part74 Beacon

Min. Rx level (dBm) -116 -94 -107 -120

Bandwidth (MHz) 6 6 0.2 0.01

SNR (dB) -22.2 -0.2 1.5 1.5

Detection (%) 90 %

False Alarm (%) 10 %

z To develop a standard for a cognitive radio based PHY/MAC/air interface for fixed point to multipoint WRAN network operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands

Scope

WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network)WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network)

z Min Peak Throughput per subscriber (at edge) Forward: 1.5Mbps, Reverse: 384 kbps

z Spectral Efficiency: 0.5 ~ 5 bits/sec/Hzz BS: at least 512 simultaneous CPE supportz 4W Maximum CPE Transmit EIRP

20 ms< 10-6Time Critical Packet (VoIP)

40 ms< 10-4Standard Quality Telephony

20 ms< 10-6Full Quality Telephony

Max LatencyBERService

WRAN RequirementWRAN Requirement

FRD

Part74: Wireless MicrophoneCPE: Customer Premise Equipment

z Diverse geographic areas including sparsely populated rural areas

z Typical Range: 33km (max 100km)z Population density: about 1.25 person/km2

TargetMarket

23

Cognitive Radio: IEEE802.22 WRAN

z Spectrum Sensing Inband/Outband, Course/Fine sensing,

Blind/Specific sensing FFT, Spectral Correlation, Covariance,

Eigenvector(MME, EME), DTV pattern based algorithm and others

z Spectrum Manager Sensing control & QP(Quiet Period) management Channel set management:

Operating/Disallowed/Occupied/Backup/Candidatez Geolocation Definition: the process of receiving the necessary

location data, calculating latitude and longitude, and producing the NMEA string

Method: Using OFDM pilot phase rotationz Non-Recognizable PU (Hidden Node)

WRAN IssuesWRAN Issues

Spectrum SensingSpectrum Sensing

Source: Reference [16]

24

AppendixOperation Bands for UTRA FDD Specified in 3GPP

25

Reference[1] 3G Americas, Mobile Broadband: The Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA (3GPP Rel 7 and Beyond).

July 2006.[2] 3G Americas, UMTS Evolution from 3GPP Rel 7 to Rel 8 HSPA and SAE/LTE. July 2007.[3] H. Holman, A. Toskala, K. Ranta-aho, and J. Pirskanen, High-Speed Packet Access Evolution in

3GPP Release 7, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 45. No.12, Dec 2007, pp. 29-35.[4] H. Ekstrm, A. Furuskr, J. Karlsson, M. Meyer, S. Parkvall, Johan Torsner, and Mattias Wahlqvist,

Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution, IEEE Communications Magazine, Mar 2006, pp. 38-45.

[5] A White Paper by the NGMN Alliance, Next Generation Mobile Networks Beyond HSPA & EVDO, Dec 2006.

[6] DRAFT Requirements related to technical system performance for IMT-Advanced Radio interfaces [IMT.TECH]

[7] IEEE802.16m-07/002r4 (2007-10), IEEE802.16m System Requirements[8] 3GPP TR 25.913 "Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)[9] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.3.0 (2007-12), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and

Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Overall description: Stage 2[10] 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.1.0 (2007-11), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)

Physical Channel and Modulation (Release 8)[11] 3GPP TS 36.322 V8.0.0 (2007-12), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Radio Link Cont

rol (RLC) protocol specification (Release 8)[12] 3GPP TR 25.814 V7.1.0 (2006-09), Technical Report3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technic

al Specification Group Radio Access Network;Physical layer aspects for evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) (Release 7)

[13] IEEE802.22-05/007r46 (2005-09), "Functional Requirements for the 802.22 WRAN Standard"[14] IEEE802.22-06/0067-00-0000 (2006-05), "P802-22 D0-1[15] , "IEEE 802.22 WRAN ," , 34, 3, 2007 3[16] , " ," , 17, 2, 2006 4

Access Network Evolution to 4G ContentsGlobal Wireless Market Trend & ForecastDomestic Wireless Market TrendWireless Technical EvolutionWireless Standard Evolution: IMT-AdvancedWireless Standard Evolution PlansAcceleration of ChangeGlobal Operators AllianceGlobal Operators Alliance: NGMNDomestic Organization: NGMCKTFs 3G Service & Future PlansLTE (Long Term Evolution) ConceptArchitecture EvolutionLTE ArchitectureLTE: Radio Protocol Architecture LTE PHY Features (including HSPA+)LTE Frame StructureLTE Main Features Summary3GPP Evolution: Impacts on SystemCognitive Radio: ConceptCognitive Radio: IEEE802.22 WRANCognitive Radio: IEEE802.22 WRANAppendixReference