2.5 zeros of polynomial functions
DESCRIPTION
2.5 Zeros of Polynomial Functions. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Rational Zero Test Upper and Lower bound Rule. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. If f(x) is a polynomial of degree “n” > 0, then f(x) has at least one zero in the complex number system. Complex zero’s (roots) come in pairs - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2.5 Zeros of Polynomial 2.5 Zeros of Polynomial FunctionsFunctions
Fundamental Theorem of AlgebraFundamental Theorem of Algebra
Rational Zero TestRational Zero Test
Upper and Lower bound RuleUpper and Lower bound Rule
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
If f(x) is a polynomial of degree “n” > 0, then f(x) has at least one zero in the complex number system.
Complex zero’s (roots) come in pairs
If a + bi is a zero, then a – bi is a zero.
Linear Factorization Theorem
If f(x) is a polynomial of degree “n”>0, then there are as many zeros as degree.
If f(x) is a third degree function, then
f(x) = an(x – c1)(x – c2)(x – c3) where c are complex numbers.
Complex zero’s (roots) come in pairs
If a + bi is a zero, then a – bi is a zero.
The Rational Zero Test
If f(x) has integer coefficients, then all possible zeros are
factors of the constant
factor of the lead coefficient
The Rational Zero Test
If f(x) has integer coefficients, then all possible zeros are
factors of the constant
factor of the lead coefficient
f(x) = x 3 – 7x 2 + 4x + 12
Possible zeros ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 6, ± 12
± 1
f(x) = x 3 – 7x 2 + 4x + 12Possible zeros ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 6, ± 12
± 1
- 1 | 1 -7 4 12
-1 8 -12
1 - 8 12 0
So – 1 is a zero
How do you want to find the other zeros.
x 2 – 8x + 12
Find the zerosf(x) = 3x3 – x2 + 6x - 2
Descartes' Rule of Signs
Let f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + ….a1x + a0 ; with real coefficients and a0 ≠ 0.
Part 1
The number of positive real zeros equals (or a even number less), the number of variation in the sign of the coefficient (switching from positive to negative or negative to positive).
Descartes' Rule of Signs
Let f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + ….a1x + a0 ; with real coefficients and a0 ≠ 0.
Part 2
The number of negative real zeros equals (or a even number less), the number of variation in the sign of the coefficient
(switching from positive to negative or negative to positive) in f(- x).
Using the Desecrate rule of signs
f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 +2x – 1
How many times does the sign change ?
Using the Desecrate rule of signs
f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 +2x – 1
How many times does the sign change ?
3 times.
There are 3 or 1 positive zeros.
Using the Desecrate rule of signs
f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 +2x – 1
What about f( -x) = -4x3 – 3x2 – 2x - 1
How many times does the sign change ?
Using the Desecrate rule of signs
f(x) = 4x3 - 3x2 +2x – 1
What about f( -x) = -4x3 – 3x2 – 2x - 1
How many times does the sign change ?
No change, no negative zeros.
Upper and Lower bound Rule
If c > 0 ( “c” the number you divide by) and the last row of synthetic division is all positive or zero, the c| is the upper bound
So there is no zero larger then c, where c > 0.
If c < 0 and the last row alternate signs
( zero count either way), then c is the lower bound.
f(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + 12x - 5
Check to see if 3 is the upper bound?
3| 2 - 5 12 - 5 All signs are 6 3 45 positive.
2 1 15 40
3 is an upper bound
f(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + 12x - 5
Check to see if - 1 is the lower bound?
- 1| 2 - 5 12 - 5 All signs are -2 7 -19 switch.
2 - 7 19 -24
-1 is an lower bound
f(x) = 2x3 – 5x2 + 12x - 5
Find the zeros
HomeworkHomework
Page 160 – 164 Page 160 – 164
## 5, 15, 23, 35, 5, 15, 23, 35,
42, 50, 57, 65,42, 50, 57, 65,
73, 81, 85, 93,73, 81, 85, 93,
103, 108, 111103, 108, 111
HomeworkHomework
Page 160 – 164 Page 160 – 164
## 9, 19, 29, 41, 9, 19, 29, 41,
53, 61, 64, 77,53, 61, 64, 77,
87, 97, 105,12587, 97, 105,125
One more time
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VK8qDdeLtsw&feature=related