25.3 The War in the Pacific

Objectives: 1. To identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific

2. Explain the developments and debates concerning the use of the atom bomb.

3. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting postwar peace.

Allies Stem the Japanese Tide

Japan is expanding at a rapid pace

Gen. Douglas MacArthur is pushed out of the Philippines “I shall return”

April 1942, Doolittle air raids Tokyo and other cities “Tokyo bombed Doolittle do’ed it”

Japanese realize they aren’t invincible

Allies finally stop the Japanese advance at Battle of Coral Sea First naval battle fought almost

exclusively by carrier based planes

Batan Death March

Battle of Midway June 1942, Admiral

Chester Nimitz found out that 110 Japanese ships were moving toward Midway, then Hawaii

Americans surprised the Japanese and scored a HUGE victory

322 planes, four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, and a cruiser destroyed

Americans “avenged Pearl Harbor”

Island Hopping What is it? Why did America do it?

Americans gain in pacific Americans score a

victory at Guadalcanal

Then they regain the Philippines after Battle of Leyte Gulf “People of the

Philippines: I have returned”

Japanese test out their Kamikaze method

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima

6,000 marines killed 20,500 Japanese killed

Okinawa 1,900 Kamikaze attacks 7,600 Americans killed 110,000 Japanese killed

Americans did not want to invade Japan….why not??

Iwo Jima

Inside the Battle of Okinawa

TUNNELS OF OKINAWA What were the

benefits of fighting in the tunnel?

How did Okinawa effect the American war plans for mainland Japan?

The Manhattan Project Best kept secret of the

war Creation of an atomic

bomb Truman didn’t even

know about it!

J. Robert Oppenheimer lead the research in New Mexico

Tested in N. Mexico, could see flash from 180 miles away!

Hiroshima and nagasaki Should they use the bomb? Drop it on an empty island?

Reasons to use it: 1. Nothing less than

dropping it on a city would convince them

2. The test might be a dud 3. Might shoot down the

delivery plane or move American POWs to the island

USA warned Japanese of “prompt and utter destruction”.

August 6 – dropped on Hiroshima- “Little Boy”

August 9 – dropped on Nagasaki “Fat Man”

Approximately 200,000 people killed from the blasts

“I cannot bear to see my innocent people suffer any longer” - Emperor Hirohito

Sept. 2 – Japanese surrender aboard the Missouri

hiroshima

nagasaki“ They say temperatures of 7,000 degrees centigrade hit me…Nobody there looked like human beings…Humans had lost the ability to speak. People couldn’t scream, “It hurts!” even when they were on fire. People with their legs wrenched off. Without heads. Or with faces burned and swollen out of shape. The scene I saw was a living hell.”

- Yamaoko Michiko

Yalta Conference Feb. 1945

Big 3 meet in Yalta, USSR

USSR joins fight against Japan, promises free elections

Discuss ideas for a new international peacekeeping body

New World Order (?) Nuremburg Trials: 1945

Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders

Foundations of International Human Rights

Division of Germany among “Big Four” US, UK, USSR, and France East and West Germany

Military Administration of Germany and Japan Gen. MacArthur runs Japan,

writes democratic constitution

TERMS Douglas MacArthur Chester Nimitz Kamikaze Manhattan Project J. Robert

Oppenheimer Hiroshima Nagasaki Yalta Conference United Nations (U.N.) Nuremberg Trials

Objectives: 1. To identify key turning

points in the war in the Pacific

2. Explain the developments and debates concerning the use of the atom bomb.

3. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting postwar peace.